Pictures of nature in Bezhin meadow. The role and significance of the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" I

The theme of the painting arose under the impression of Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow”. Turgenev was one of Makovsky's favorite writers. Peasant children, with their spontaneity, their closeness to nature, attracted and excited the artist. It is no coincidence that poetic images of peasant children will run through all of his work . More than once he returned to the theme “Night”, finding new colors, new nuances in the motif that captivated him. The most successful of these paintings is the late version of his competition work “Night” (1879), which is in the collection of the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.
V.E. Makovsky’s painting “Night” coincides in theme with Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow”, but is not a direct illustration, since it diverges from it in detail: Turgenev has five boys, in the painting there are seven boys and a girl; There is no fire in the picture, and there is no figure of a hunter. But the figure of a boy telling something, the teenage listeners captivated by an interesting story, the background of the picture - an early summer morning before sunrise, the figures of horses grazing in the distance - all these are Turgenev’s features; they evoke in the audience's memory the landscapes and characteristics of the boys from Bezhin Meadow. We are trying to find in the picture the heroes of Turgenev's story, the boys Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya.

“...the morning was beginning. The dawn had not yet blushed anywhere, but it was already turning white in the east...” Turgenev’s landscape gives an earlier picture of dawn in time: in Makovsky’s the east is already colored, the golden-scarlet tone of the flaring dawn is already approaching pale gray. The second, final landscape in the story is more consonant with the picture. This landscape seems to continue what is visible in the picture: here there is a “thinning fog” covering the horizon, and “scarlet, then red, golden streams of young, hot light” illuminating the faces and figures of children.
Which image of nature is more complete and versatile: in a picture or in words? In a painting it is impossible to depict the blinking of stars, the variability of the color of the sky, the appearing dampness (dew), the sounds heard, the fluttering of the breeze... On the canvas, the artist captured one moment of the landscape - in the words of the writer, a picture of dawn and sunrise is given in motion.(From the book: Smirnov S.A. Teaching literature in grades 5-8. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1962)

“Bezhin Meadow” is a work about the complex connections between man and nature, which, according to Turgenev, has not only a “welcomingly radiant” face, but also a menacingly indifferent face. In a letter to Bettina Arnim in 1841, Turgenev wrote: “Nature is one miracle and a whole world of miracles: every person should be the same - that’s what he is... What would nature be without us, what would we be without nature? And both are unthinkable!.. how infinitely sweet - and bitter - and joyful and at the same time hard life!<...>One has only to go out into an open field, into a forest - and if, despite all the joyful state of the soul, you still feel in its innermost depths some kind of oppression, an inner constraint that appears precisely at that moment when nature takes possession of a person. "( Turgenev I. S. Complete collection of works and letters. Letters. - M.; Leningrad, 1961. - T. 1. - P. 436.)
Pictures of nature are closely related to the content of the story “Bezhin Meadow”. Their roles are different.
The description of the hunter's wanderings, the story of the feeling of fear that gripped him when he fell into the ravine, helps to better understand what effect pictures of night nature must have had on illiterate village children. The mystery and anxiety of the situation suggests to the boys the themes of their scary stories.
The picture of a beautiful July day with its soft colors is in tune with the characters of the boys. It allows you to better understand the discreet inner beauty of children and the author’s loving attitude towards them.
The description of the early morning ends the story on an optimistic note. A feeling of joy and confidence fills the writer’s soul. Many contemporaries saw in the words “the morning was beginning” a huge faith in the fate of Russia, its future. These lines echo the prose poem “Russian Language”: “But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!” Yu.V. Lebedev writes: “Bezhin Meadow opens and closes with the rise of the mighty sun - one of the best stories about Russian nature and its children. In Notes of a Hunter, Turgenev created a single image of living poetic Russia, crowned with life-affirming solar nature. In peasant children, living in alliance with her, he saw “the embryo of future great deeds, great national development.” (Lebedev Yuri. Turgenev. – M: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1990. ZhZL)

* Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky(1846 – 1920) – Russian Itinerant artist, painter and graphic artist, teacher, master of the genre scene; academician (1873), full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1893).
* The competition painting “Peasant Boys Guarding Horses at Night,” completed in 1869, brought Makovsky widespread success. The Council of the Academy of Arts awarded him a gold medal for expression and the title of class artist of the 1st degree.

Story I.S. Turgenev “The Burmister” and the painting by N.V. Nevrev “Bargaining” (1866)

When studying the works of I.S. Turgenev, especially when studying the anti-serfdom orientation of “Notes of a Hunter,” you can use the painting “Bargaining” (1866) by Nikolai Vasilyevich Nevrev.
In the writer’s work, a large place is occupied by the depiction of the cruelty and heartlessness of the feudal landowners, the exposure of their external gloss, their apparent enlightenment. The story "The Burmister" is typical in this regard.

Here is a short excerpt from this story.
“After having a hearty breakfast and with visible pleasure, Arkady Pavlych poured himself a glass of red wine, raised it to his lips and suddenly frowned.
- Why isn’t the wine heated? – he asked one of the valets in a rather harsh voice.
The valet was confused, stopped dead in his tracks, and turned pale.
– I’m asking you, my dear? - Arkady Pavlych continued calmly, not taking his eyes off him.
The unfortunate valet hesitated in place, twirled his napkin and did not say a word. Arkady Pavlych lowered his head and looked at him thoughtfully from under his brows.
“Pardon, mon cher,” he said with a pleasant smile, touching my knee in a friendly manner, and again stared at the valet. “Well, go ahead,” he added after a short silence, raised his eyebrows and rang the bell.
A man entered, fat, dark, black-haired, with a low forehead and completely swollen eyes.
“About Fyodor... make arrangements,” said Arkady Pavlych in a low voice and with perfect composure.”
Here is a classic example of landowner hypocrisy. One question from the master terrifies the serf. A servant for the most insignificant mistake (which may not have happened) is subjected to flogging. An interesting artistic detail: in the above passage, not one of the master’s servants utters a word: the serfs are reduced to the position of uncomplaining, wordless creatures.

Serfdom was severely condemned not only by writers, but also by artists. The painting “Bargaining” depicts a typical scene of the sale of peasants for the serf era. The content of the picture is extremely simple.
The landowners are having a peaceful conversation at the table. They are apparently preparing to wash down the most ordinary trade transaction with wine. The subject of trade is also... the most common - serfs. The action takes place in the house of a rich and “enlightened” landowner. There are books on his shelves, books even on the floor. A barometer is prominently displayed. There is a large picture on the wall. Next to her are portraits of Mirabeau, a famous figure in the French bourgeois revolution, and Alexander I, the Russian emperor, who wanted to appear as an enlightened monarch...
Reading books and being passionate about liberal ideas does not in the least prevent landowners from remaining cruel and despotic, nor does it prevent them from engaging in human trafficking. The artist’s painting, as it were, complements the writer’s story and concretizes our ideas about autocratic-serf Russia, about the Russia about which V.G. Belinsky wrote: “...Russia... is a terrible spectacle of a country where people trade in people.. ... where... there are not only no guarantees for personality, honor and property, but there is not even police order, but there are only huge corporations of various official thieves and robbers." (“Letter to Gogol.”).
From the book: Shchiryakov N.N. Fine arts in literature lessons. – Minsk. 1968

* Nevrev Nikolay Vasilievich(1830 – 1904) – Russian historical and genre painter, one of the prominent representatives of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.

I.S. Turgenev and V.D. Polenov’s painting “Moscow Courtyard” (1878)

When, in the decline of his life, Tolstoy, attacking empty, meaningless “art for art’s sake,” also included landscape painting as an art of this kind, Repin resolutely objected to him. Landscape is dear to us not only because, he said, it depicts nature correctly, but also because it reflects the impression of the artist, his personal attitude towards nature, and understanding of its beauty. The best landscape artists with all their creativity confirmed Repin’s correctness in this dispute.
In 1882, Turgenev’s friend M.V. Olsufiev visited the writer, who was living at that time in France, near Paris. Turgenev was ill and sad. He was sad and thought about Russia. “The first thing that caught my eye,” recalled Olsufiev, this is my old familiar painting by Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov “Moscow Courtyard”.
Who is not familiar with this picture now, this small green courtyard, lost among the quiet alleys of the Arbat! Clear summer day. Everything seems to be dozing, warmed by the gentle rays of the sun: trees hanging over the fence, an old white house, grass with well-trodden paths, a rickety barn, a five-domed church with golden onions, a horse harnessed to a cart. Sleepy chickens wander around the well. Pinkish clouds are dozing in the sky... However, what Olsufiev saw at Turgenev’s in France was not the painting itself (it was already in the Tretyakov Gallery), but only one of the sketches for it. And this is how this sketch came to Turgenev.
In 1876, Polenov returned to his homeland after several years of retirement abroad. He graduated from the academy together with Repin, received a gold medal with him, and together with him languished living abroad and was eager to go to Russia. “No one wants to return to their homeland more than me,” he wrote from France, “so that through my work I can prove in practice my ardent love for her and my sincere desire to be as useful to her as I can.” Having returned, he decided to settle in Moscow with Repin and Vasnetsov, away from the academy, from St. Petersburg officialdom, from official supervision.
One day, wandering along the Arbat alleys in search of an apartment, he entered one of the houses on the door of which there was a note: “For rent,” and right from the window he saw a sunlit courtyard with a well covered with a lid and a church visible behind the barn. “I immediately sat down and wrote it,” he later recalled. This line eloquently testifies to the irresistible impression that captured the artist and was so clearly expressed in his painting. “Moscow Yard” reflected the artist’s immediate impression of a fine summer day, the shining domes of a church, a manor house with a pediment, a barn with a broken roof, simple linen hung to dry, children on the grass. From the feeling of serenity and ordinariness of Moscow life. “This is Turgenev’s corner,” said Polenov, and he said so not only because it was here, near Arbat and Devichye Pole, that the action of Turgenev’s famous novel “Smoke” began. “Turgenevsky” was the artist’s very gaze, full of peaceful love for everything native – albeit dim, inconspicuous, but dear.
When Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev came from Paris to Moscow for the opening of the monument to Pushkin, dozens of people came to him, for whom the name of the writer, his novels, stories and short stories became something immeasurably dear and close. Polenov was among these people. It was then that, as a sign of love and gratitude, he gave Turgenev the sketch that Olsufiev recalled. And Turgenev took with him to Paris a precious corner of his native land, with its sky, air, with its colors and smells, with its white-headed children and the familiar warmth of the native sun - with everything that resonates so much in a person’s heart when, after a long absence, enters the house where he spent his childhood, where he grew up and for the first time learned with his soul the meaning of the word “homeland”.
It was not for nothing that Garshin called painting “the most sincere of the plastic arts.” Thinking about this property of painting, about its ability to respond and respond to the deepest human feelings, one cannot help but recall the “Moscow Courtyard” by the sick and melancholy Turgenev in the distant suburbs of Paris. (From the book: Naumovich V.L. Face of time. Children's lit. M. 1965)

Composition

The place and meaning of landscape in the story. (A lot of space is given to the description of nature in Turgenev’s story; nature here is one of the characters, and this is marked by the title of the story. “Bezhin Meadow” begins and ends with a description of nature, and its central part - the boys’ stories - is also depicted against the background of a description of a summer night. )
A beautiful July day. (At the beginning of the story, Turgenev describes a July day when he, having gone hunting, got lost. The author is an observant person who knows the signs of the weather well. He writes about a clear sky, a bright and radiant sun, motionless clouds, the constant clarity of the sky. Turgenev notes in everything softness of colors and “touching meekness.”)
Description of Bezhin meadow.
View of the meadow from the cliff of the hill. (A plain surrounded by a semicircle of a river, a fire and people by the fire.)

Night in the meadow. (The picture of the night complements the children's stories, gives them special expressiveness and mystery. Turgenev shows how ordinary objects are transformed in the light of a fire; how significant every sound becomes in the silence of the night. Listening to the children's stories, the writer notices how the colors, smells and sounds of the summer gradually change nights.)
Dawn in the meadow. (Pre-dawn silence, freshness of the morning, gradual change in the color of the sky, sunrise, the first sounds of the coming day.)
Turgenev is a master of landscape. (The pictures of nature in the story were created by a subtle and observant person with the ability of an artist. He notices the smallest details, changes in shades of colors, halftones and shadows. His hearing captures the most subtle sounds. For Turgenev, nature is not only the background, but also a kind of character in the story: it constantly changing, living its own life. And at the same time, nature occupies a significant place in human life).

Other works on this work

In his story “Bezhin Meadow” I. S. Turgenev devotes a lot of space to the description of nature. Nature is like one of the characters in it, perhaps the most important thing. Thus, the author wanted to emphasize the uniqueness and beauty of the expanses of the Russian outback. The story begins with a description of nature and ends with it. This story from the series “Notes of a Hunter” is literally permeated with artistic landscape sketches. When we read it, buckwheat fields, the aromas of wormwood, and most importantly, the dry and fresh air of the July night come to life before our eyes.

In the story, the narrator Ivan Petrovich got lost in the Tula province while hunting black grouse. But what pictures open before him? It is unlikely that another author could describe the surrounding nature in such a way. A cauldron-shaped hollow with gentle sides, a vaguely clear sky, white grass like a smooth tablecloth, a wide river encircling the plain in a semicircle, steel reflections of water, frequent aspen trees, purple fog - all these and other epithets are applicable to Russian nature in the work “Bezhin Meadow”.

It turned out to be a wonderful day for the hunter. He even managed to fill his bag with black grouse. The only thing that bothered me was that he was lost. But soon he came to a huge plain, above which there was a cliff. And under that cliff he noticed a campfire, several people and grazing horses. The hunter went down to ask the guys for a place to stay for the night. As it turned out, they were no more than twelve to fourteen years old, and the youngest Vanka was seven years old. The boys grazed horses in the meadow and whiled away the night by the fire.

Along the way, they told each other scary stories. The hunter also listened to them out of the corner of his ear and observed the guys, their habits, and characteristic behavior out of interest. The strongest in spirit was Pavlusha - an outwardly unprepossessing boy, but full of strong determination. He was not the oldest of them, but all the other guys turned to him with questions. Even the animals obeyed him. He himself had natural courage. He could go after a wolf without a weapon, go alone to the river in the middle of the night for water.

According to the narrator, it was a wonderful evening surrounded by village boys. The atmosphere was somehow amazing and inviting. The air with the “smell of a Russian summer night” seemed fresh and languid. The guys kept telling scary stories, and at key moments nature, as if listening to their words, sent them small surprises. For example, a drawn-out sound from silence, the restless barking of dogs, a white dove flying up to the fire out of nowhere, the sharp cry of a heron, etc. All these pictures convey the anxiety and tension of the children, emphasizing their mood.

The starry sky plays an important role in the story, and little Vanya even calls the beauty of the night sky “God’s little stars.” A description of nature accompanies the entire story, and even at the end the author helps the reader to experience the unusually bright and beautiful landscape. Through the eyes of the narrator, we see a new, fresh day with cool dew and “streams of young hot light.” He meets familiar boys again. Rested, they rush past him in a cheerful herd.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev ()

Define the genre of “Notes of a Hunter”? a type of small form of epic literature, most often the essay is dedicated to the author’s contemporary life, facts and people. The artistic essay retains the features of the figurative image. And in this the essay is close to the story. Feature article -

Simile: “the shine is like the shine of forged silver”, “they themselves... are azure like the sky”, “the last of them are blackish and indefinite, like smoke”, “like a carefully carried candle”... Metaphor: “”the morning dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush”, “the sun floats up peacefully”, “playing rays pour out”…. Personification: “the wind disperses, pushes away the accumulated heat”, “whirlwinds... walk along the roads...”, “clouds disappear..., lie down in pink clouds”....

Summary of the lesson Turgenev in his description of nature creates an atmosphere of mystery, shows that on such a fantastic night something mysterious must inevitably happen. He peers, observes, not only notices, but also reveals the secrets of the familiar world. The pictures of nature in the story reflect the mood of man; man is part of nature. Turgenev’s landscape lives the same life with the characters, as if nature understands people. We can safely say that Turgenev is a master of landscape.

Homework 1. Complete a presentation of one of the characters according to plan: Drawing depicting the selected hero (boy); Description of his appearance (quotes from the text); The story told by the hero; Your attitude towards the hero. 2. Finish reading the story, choose your favorite episode and retell it.

In the story “Bezhin Meadow” by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, landscape plays an important role. The story begins with a description of an early July morning, where the narrator describes all the beauty of nature. He writes that such mornings are the best, the weather has already settled and in the mornings it is not cold, but not hot either. The story is narrated by a hunter who came to the forest and describes all the beauty of nature. The narrator describes the clouds so beautifully that the picture is mesmerizing.

He says that the clouds stand motionless due to calm weather and form bizarre patterns. From the description of this picture, you can understand how good the hunter is in a mood, and he admires the surrounding beauty. He then describes the approach of evening, when these same clouds turn lavender and darkness begins to creep in.

The following describes a picture when a hunter gets lost in the forest and cannot find a way out. He says that he went to the wrong place, and he had to go down into the valley, where the hunter felt terrified. Here the narrator describes that the grass in the valley is wet and high, he felt uneasy, and he quickly wanted to get out onto the hill to see the further road. Having climbed the next hill, the hunter realized that he was completely lost, and he felt uneasy.

The landscape in the story conveys not only the beauty of Russian nature, but also the feelings of the characters themselves. Then the hunter sees a fire and decides to ask for an overnight stay; near the fire there were local boys who were driving out a herd of horses for the night. The boys accept the hunter and he calms down. Here the landscape takes on a different picture and sparkles with different colors. The narrator listens to the children's stories in which they talk about goblins, werewolves and mermaids.

The hunter sees a different picture of swamps and trees on which mermaids sit and kill people. Next, the narrator describes the dawn, which had just begun and a cool breeze began to walk between the leaves of the trees and bushes. The narrator gets ready to go home and leaves the guys, having walked a little, morning came and again warm rays illuminated the earth.

Essay Landscape in Turgenev's story Bezhin meadow

Turgenev's stories are always full of colorful descriptions of nature, especially in the “Notes of a Hunter” cycle. The author skillfully paints landscapes in the smallest detail. When you read the works of Ivan Sergeevich, you are completely immersed in the atmosphere of what is happening.

Reading the story “Bezhin Meadow”, you clearly imagine the forest through which the hunter walked. You can almost hear the rustling of leaves. Imagine the clear blue sky and the gentle spill of dawn across it. At the beginning of the story, the description of nature captures the attention and conveys the beauty of the views that surround the main character, as well as the mood of the hunter.

First we talk about summer in general. Sunny July days are described, one feels lightness, warmth, and serenity. When the story is told about the hunter himself and how he walks contentedly with his prey, slightly tired, his fatigue makes it possible to feel the outline of the landscape: “The air is still light, but no longer illuminated by the sun,” “Cold and thickening shadows.”

Further, when the hunter realizes that he is lost, the author again conveys his anxiety through nature: “Darkness is pouring,” “Night is like a thundercloud,” “Gloomy darkness.” You immediately understand how the main character is going through, how his sense of fear is slowly growing, due to the likelihood of being left on a dark night in the middle of an unfamiliar forest. When the hunter went out into the meadow and met the shepherd boys sitting by the fire, again the nature around him described his condition. The hero feels calm, the fear of being left in the forest in the middle of the night has receded and now he can not worry, relax and listen to the guys’ stories.

The boys told various mystical stories and fables, and here nature adds mystery and mystery to these stories. Then, out of nowhere, a dove appeared and flew past sharply, then something rang. At the end of the story, the writer again shows us how the hero feels when it began to dawn and he went home. In the words: “Everything moved, woke up, sang, made noise, spoke,” together with the hunter you feel relief that very soon he will be home. Nothing threatens the hero of the story anymore.

The role of landscape in this work is very important; it allows readers to penetrate deeper into the plot and feel like a participant in the events described by the author. It’s as if you are sitting next to the guys and the hunter, by the fire on Bezhin Meadow and listening to various interesting stories.

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