Characteristics of the hero Lisa, Poor Lisa, Karamzin. Lisa's character image

The story “Poor Liza,” written by Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, became one of the first works of sentimentalism in Russia. The love story of a poor girl and a young nobleman won the hearts of many of the writer’s contemporaries and was received with great delight. The work brought unprecedented popularity to the then completely unknown 25-year-old writer. However, with what descriptions does the story “Poor Liza” begin?

History of creation

N. M. Karamzin was distinguished by his love for Western culture and actively preached its principles. His role in the life of Russia was enormous and invaluable. This progressive and active man traveled extensively throughout Europe in 1789-1790, and upon his return he published the story “Poor Liza” in the Moscow Journal.

Analysis of the story indicates that the work has a sentimental aesthetic orientation, which is expressed in interest in people, regardless of their social status.

While writing the story, Karamzin lived at his friends’ dacha, not far from which he was located. It is believed that he served as the basis for the beginning of the work. Thanks to this, the love story and the characters themselves were perceived by readers as completely real. And the pond not far from the monastery began to be called “Liza’s Pond.”

“Poor Liza” by Karamzin as a sentimental story

“Poor Liza” is, in fact, a short story, a genre in which no one had written in Russia before Karamzin. But the writer’s innovation is not only in the choice of genre, but also in the direction. It was this story that secured the title of the first work of Russian sentimentalism.

Sentimentalism arose in Europe back in the 17th century and focused on the sensual side of human life. Issues of reason and society faded into the background for this direction, but emotions and relationships between people became a priority.

Sentimentalism has always strived to idealize what is happening, to embellish it. Answering the question about what descriptions the story “Poor Liza” begins with, we can talk about the idyllic landscape that Karamzin paints for readers.

Theme and idea

One of the main themes of the story is social, and it is connected with the problem of the attitude of the noble class towards the peasants. It is not for nothing that Karamzin chooses a peasant girl to play the role of bearer of innocence and morality.

Contrasting the images of Lisa and Erast, the writer is one of the first to raise the problem of contradictions between the city and the countryside. If we turn to the descriptions with which the story “Poor Liza” begins, we will see a quiet, cozy and natural world that exists in harmony with nature. The city is frightening, terrifying with its “huge houses” and “golden domes.” Lisa becomes a reflection of nature, she is natural and naive, there is no falsehood or pretense in her.

The author speaks in the story from the position of a humanist. Karamzin depicts all the charm of love, its beauty and strength. But reason and pragmatism can easily destroy this wonderful feeling. The story owes its success to its incredible attention to a person’s personality and his experiences. “Poor Liza” aroused sympathy among its readers thanks to Karamzin’s amazing ability to depict all the emotional subtleties, experiences, aspirations and thoughts of the heroine.

Heroes

A complete analysis of the story “Poor Liza” is impossible without a detailed examination of the images of the main characters of the work. Lisa and Erast, as noted above, embodied different ideals and principles.

Lisa is an ordinary peasant girl, whose main feature is the ability to feel. She acts according to the dictates of her heart and feelings, which ultimately led to her death, although her morality remained intact. However, there is little peasant in the image of Lisa: her speech and thoughts are closer to book language, but the feelings of a girl who has fallen in love for the first time are conveyed with incredible truthfulness. So, despite the external idealization of the heroine, her inner experiences are conveyed very realistically. In this regard, the story “Poor Liza” does not lose its innovation.

What descriptions does the work begin with? First of all, they are in tune with the character of the heroine, helping the reader to recognize her. This is a natural, idyllic world.

Erast appears completely different to the readers. He is an officer who is only puzzled by the search for new entertainment; life in society tires him and makes him bored. He is intelligent, kind, but weak in character and changeable in his affections. Erast truly falls in love, but does not think at all about the future, because Lisa is not his circle, and he will never be able to take her as his wife.

Karamzin complicated the image of Erast. Typically, such a hero in Russian literature was simpler and endowed with certain characteristics. But the writer makes him not an insidious seducer, but a sincerely in love with a person who, due to weakness of character, could not pass the test and preserve his love. This type of hero was new to Russian literature, but it immediately caught on and later received the name “superfluous person.”

Plot and originality

The plot of the work is quite simple. This is the story of the tragic love of a peasant woman and a nobleman, the result of which was the death of Lisa.

What descriptions does the story “Poor Liza” begin with? Karamzin draws a natural panorama, the bulk of the monastery, a pond - it is here, surrounded by nature, that the main character lives. But the main thing in a story is not the plot or descriptions, the main thing is feelings. And the narrator must awaken these feelings in the audience. For the first time in Russian literature, where the image of the narrator has always remained outside the work, a hero-author appears. This sentimental narrator learns a love story from Erast and retells it to the reader with sadness and sympathy.

Thus, there are three main characters in the story: Lisa, Erast and the author-narrator. Karamzin also introduces the technique of landscape descriptions and somewhat lightens the ponderous style of the Russian literary language.

The significance of the story “Poor Lisa” for Russian literature

Analysis of the story, thus, shows Karamzin’s incredible contribution to the development of Russian literature. In addition to describing the relationship between city and village, the appearance of the “extra person,” many researchers note the emergence of the “little person” - in the image of Lisa. This work influenced the work of A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, who developed the themes, ideas and images of Karamzin.

The incredible psychologism that brought Russian literature worldwide fame also gave rise to the story “Poor Liza.” What descriptions does this work begin with! There is so much beauty, originality and incredible stylistic lightness in them! Karamzin’s contribution to the development of Russian literature cannot be overestimated.

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“Poor Liza” is perhaps the calling card of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. This story was written at the end of the 18th century - during the heyday of the literary fashion for sentimentalism.

A few words about the plot of the story

Lisa's story is definitely a sad one. Having lost her father, Lisa, the main character of the story, is at one point forced to part with her usual way of life. She has no one else to rely on but herself.

Lisa is forced to sell flowers in order to be able to feed herself. One day, while selling lilies of the valley on the streets of Moscow, a girl meets her love, Erast.

A handsome young aristocrat, Erast falls in love with Lisa. In a fit of passion, he is ready to do anything for her, even to lose his position in the social hierarchy of their environment. However, having received Lisa’s innocence and her heart, Erast realizes that she no longer represents her former interest to him.

The girl is left alone, and her lover leaves with the regiment. But one day - after several months - Liza finds herself in Moscow again and accidentally notices Erast: he is passing by in a luxurious carriage in the company of a certain rich widow. From the text of the story it becomes clear that the young man squandered all his fortune, lost his estate and was forced to agree to a profitable match for marriage. Overcome by despair, Lisa throws herself into the pond and dies. All that remains are memories of how once upon a time – not so long ago – lovers walked here, near this very pond, naive and happy.

On the uniqueness of sentimentalism

Of course, it is impossible to characterize a work designated as one of the brightest examples of sentimentalism without a few words about the originality of this movement. Its very name speaks of the importance of feelings, which are declared here to be the highest value. Much attention is paid to the everyday life of people, to what, before this turn in literature, remained behind the scenes. What kind of person is interesting to a sentimentalist writer? This is, of course, a simple man and his inner world.

The main characters of the story

It is curious that there are not so many main characters in this work. The main character is the peasant girl Lisa, whose thoughts are connected with the landscapes of decline and dilapidation, the abandonment of the monastery monastery. Lisa is a vivid example of the ideal heroine of a sentimental novel. She is materially poor, but spiritually rich. Her inner world, like the world of a romantic, is directly opposite to the limitations of the external world: a bottomless, deep, sensual, open and boundless inner world.

The girl lives with her mother in a village near Moscow. Once upon a time, Lisa’s family was not so poor, because the most difficult times for Lisa and her mother came due to the death of the breadwinner - the girl’s father.

Lisa's mother is also, one way or another, at the center of the story. She is an elderly woman who sincerely hopes that Lisa will be able to get married profitably.

Actually, Lisa’s mother is not a selfish woman: she simply wishes her daughter happiness, which at that time was thought inextricably from the ability to make a successful game. The unfortunate woman was already too weak to work as in previous years, and therefore Lisa did not disdain any work: she was a jack of all trades - she knew how to weave, knit stockings, picked and sold berries in the fall, and flowers in the spring.

Dear readers! We invite you to read what Nikolai Karamzin wrote.

Along with the lack of egocentric qualities, one can note such traits of Lisa as purity, devoted love and the ability to care without wanting to receive anything in return. These features of Lisa, as well as her openness to the world, prevent her from seeing darkness in people: she believes that all people are good and cannot accept her mother’s words that the world consists of polarities, and good is always complemented by bad. The mother was very kind and sensitive, like her daughter, but she could not make Lisa’s life easier: her health no longer allowed her to work, in addition, her eyesight was weakening, and gradually her daughter took the place of nurse in the family. A curious fact is that after meeting Erast, Liza’s mother spoke of him extremely warmly and friendly, since the young man suggested that Liza pick up the work she had done on her own, so that she would not have to go to the city too often. After the death of her daughter, the old woman dies, unable to withstand the blow.

Dear readers! We bring to your attention N. Karamzin.

Finally, Erast is Lisa’s lover, who later betrayed her, just like the girl’s love. Erast is an extremely ambivalent character. He has his own merits: an extraordinary and sharp mind, noble origin, external attractiveness and a kind, soft heart. But these advantages were sometimes offset by his shortcomings: frivolity and frivolity, weak will, which pushed the young man to gambling, secular pleasures and a depraved, morally reprehensible lifestyle. His frivolity does not allow him to find peace of mind with any one girl. Lisa does not know that the young nobleman falls in love and is carried away just as easily as he is later disappointed.

This is what happened with Lisa: when he conquered the girl’s heart and body, she lost her former charm for him. Lisa, however, had a chance to have a completely different life: one day a wealthy peasant approached her - a match for the girl in status. However, Erast made enough efforts to dissuade Lisa from this marriage, showering her with promises to stay with her forever. Thus, Erast’s ambivalence affects not only his life, leading to destructive processes in his inner world, but also affects the lives of the people around him.

A separate figure is the narrator. He is kind and sentimental, he seems to collect images, but only those that evoke tenderness and a special kind of pain, grief and sadness. However, he builds a specific topography for the story.

So, the topography of “Poor Lisa”

The work begins with a description of the abandoned atmosphere of the hill on which the old monastery stands. The Simonov Monastery, standing on a hill, thus offers an amazing view of Moscow. The narrator draws us a map on which the events of the story will unfold. A dilapidated hut that is about to collapse, because the walls are all that remains of its former life. Its inhabitants have died, and the place in which their daily lives took place no longer evokes anything but melancholic sadness. For more than thirty years, no one has lived here anymore: however, the narrator remembers all the sad and mournful events that happened here. This is a place of memory and eternity.

Moscow, which can be seen from the hill we have already mentioned, is a place of raging life, oblivion in the brevity of everything that happens here. Fleetingness, brightness, “great hopes” and quickly forgotten disappointments – this is what Moscow brings to people.

The binary of oppositions permeates all the structures of this story.

Results

Nikolai Karamzin, creating “Poor Liza,” sought to look down and in depth: down - because in the center of the work there are not at all the nobles and high society, the heroes of past texts of Russian literature, but in depth - because we are not talking about external events here, not about the dynamics of changing circumstances, but about the development of the inner world. In fact, sentimentalist authors are making the same revolution in the question of anthropology that the Sophists and Socrates once did in antiquity. But the result remains simple - no matter what origin a person has, he is equally worthy of happiness.

Liza is the main character of N. M. Karamzin’s story “Poor Liza,” a poor young peasant woman from a village near Moscow. Lisa was left early without her father, who was the breadwinner of the family. After his death, he and his mother quickly became poor. Lisa's mother was a kind, sensitive old woman, but no longer able to work. Therefore, Lisa took on any job and worked without sparing herself. She wove canvas and knitted stockings, collected berries and flowers, and then sold them in the city. Lisa's main character traits are sensitivity, naivety, purity and the ability to love faithfully. She sees only good in people, although her mother warned her that there are also “evil” people who can offend.

One day, while selling flowers in Moscow, she met a young rich nobleman, who asked from now on to sell her products only to him. Lisa’s mother was pleased with this news, because her daughter would no longer have to travel to the city so often. Lisa's new acquaintance named Erast begins to visit the girl often and the young people fall in love. They often meet and walk by the pond. However, Erast subsequently betrays Lisa. Having said that he is leaving for work, he never returns to her. During his service, he played cards a lot and lost his entire fortune. As a result, he had to marry a rich widow. Lisa's heart could not stand such news, and the girl drowned herself in a deep pond.

After her death, other girls unhappy in love began to come to the girl’s grave. Erast was unhappy until the end of his life and considered himself guilty of Lisa’s death.

	Lisa	Erast
Character qualities	Modest; shy; timid; kind; beautiful not only in appearance, but also in soul; tender; tireless and hardworking.	Courteous, with a naturally kind heart, quite intelligent, a dreamer, also calculating, frivolous and reckless.
Appearance	A beautiful girl with pink cheeks, blue eyes and fair hair (She worked without sparing “her rare beauty, without sparing her tender youth”). Lisa did not look like a peasant woman, rather like an airy young lady from high society.	A young, well-dressed man. He had gentle eyes and beautiful pink lips. The face is pleasant and kind.
Social status	Daughter of a wealthy villager; later an orphan living with his old mother. A simple girl, a peasant woman.	A young officer, a nobleman, a rather distinguished gentleman.
Behavior	Supports his sick mother, cannot read or write, often sings plaintive songs, knits and weaves well.	He leads the life of a real gentleman, loves to have fun and often gambles (he lost his entire estate while he was supposed to be fighting), reads novels and idylls. Has a bad effect on Lisa.
Feelings and experiences	Victim of feelings. He loves Erast with all his heart. His kiss and the first declaration of love echoed delightful music in the girl’s soul. She looked forward to every meeting. Later, Lisa deeply worries about what happened. You can see that when the young man seduced the girl, thunder struck and lightning flashed. Having learned that Erast was getting married, without thinking twice the unfortunate girl threw herself into the river. For Lisa there is no mind, for her there is only a heart. Broken heart.	Master of feelings. Most of his time he did not know what to do with himself and was waiting for something else. He “looked” for pleasure in fun.” A meeting takes place in the city, and Erast experiences feelings for the “daughter of nature.” He found in Lisa what his heart had been looking for for so long. But all this affection was rather an illusion, because a loving person would not do this, and after Lisa’s death, he is saddened not by the loss of his beloved, but by a feeling of guilt.
Attitude towards others	Very trusting; I am convinced that there are only kind and good people around. Lisa is hospitable, helpful and grateful	Frequent guest of social events. The story does not talk about his attitude towards other people, but we can conclude that he first of all thinks about himself.
Attitude towards wealth	She is poor, earns money by working (picking flowers) to support herself and her mother; moral qualities are more important than material means.	Quite rich; measures everything in money; enters into a marriage of convenience, submitting to circumstances; tries to pay off Lisa with one hundred rubles.

2 version of the table

	Lisa	Erast
Appearance	Extraordinarily beautiful, young, fair-haired.	Handsome, young, stately, charming
Character	Tender, sensual, meek, trusting.	Weak character, two-faced, irresponsible, cowardly, naturally kind, but flighty.
Social status	Peasant girl. The daughter of a wealthy villager, after whose death she became poor.	Secular aristocrat, rich, educated.
Life position	You can only live by honest work. You need to take care of your mother and not upset her. Be honest and nice with others.	Life was boring for him, so he often looked for entertainment.
Attitude to moral values	She valued moral values above all else. She could only give up for the sake of someone, and not on her own whim.	He recognized morality, but often deviated from its principles, guided only by his own desires
Attitudes towards material values	Considers money only as a means of subsistence. I never chased wealth.	Considers wealth to be a fundamental factor in a cheerful, happy life. For the sake of wealth, he married an elderly woman whom he did not love.
Moral	Highly moral.	All his thoughts were highly moral, but his actions contradicted this.
Attitude to family	She is devoted to her mother and loves her dearly.	Not shown, but most likely he is devoted to his family.
Relation to the city	She grew up in the village, so she loves nature. Prefers life in the wilderness to city social life.	Completely and completely urban man. He would never exchange city privileges for country life, just for the purpose of having fun.
Sentimentalism	Sensual, vulnerable. Does not hide feelings, is able to talk about them.	Sensual, impetuous, sentimental. Capable of experiencing.
Attitude towards love	He loves purely and devotedly, completely and completely surrendering to his feelings.	Love is like entertainment. In his relationship with Lisa, he is driven by passion. When there are no more restrictions, he quickly cools down.
The importance of public opinion	It doesn't matter to her what they say about her.	Depends on public opinion and position in society
Relationships	Her feelings were crystal clear from the very beginning. Falling in love grew into strong love. Erast was an ideal, the one and only.	Liza's pure beauty attracted Erast. At first, his feelings were brotherly. He didn't want to mix them with lust. But over time, passion won.
Strength of mind	I couldn’t cope with the pain in my soul and betrayal. I decided to commit suicide.	Erast had the fortitude to plead guilty to the death of the girl. But still I didn’t have the fortitude to tell her the truth.

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The main character of the story is a poor young peasant woman from a village near Moscow. Lisa was left early without her father, who was the breadwinner of the family. After his death, he and his mother quickly became poor. Lisa's mother was a kind, sensitive old woman, but no longer able to work. Therefore, Lisa took on any job and worked without sparing herself.

One of the heroes of the story, the old mother of the main character, Lisa. She is a kind, caring and sensitive woman living in a village near Moscow. After the death of her husband, who was the main breadwinner of the family, he and his daughter quickly became poor. Her health did not allow her to work much, and her vision was already poor.

Lisa's father

An episodic character, he was a wealthy and hardworking villager who never drank alcohol. After his death, his wife and daughter quickly became destitute.

Shepherd

An episodic character, a young man who drove his herd past Lisa. Instead of him, Lisa represented her beloved Erast.

Servant of Erast

An episodic character, he took Lisa out of the yard after Erast told her that he was getting married.

Elderly widow

An episodic character, Erast’s rich but elderly fiancee, whom he is forced to marry because he lost his entire estate at cards.

Kind woman

An episodic character, a random woman who brought Lisa to her senses and helped her get up after she fainted after leaving Erast.

Anyuta

An episodic character, a fifteen-year-old girl, Lisa's neighbor, whom she accidentally met near the pond. Giving her the money and asking her to give it to her mother, and also to kiss her and explain that Lisa had been betrayed and she could no longer live.