The future perfect is formed. Future Perfect Tense - future completed tense

Having studied the basics of English grammar and backed them up with a decent vocabulary, you can safely begin to delve into topics that linguists classify as Intermediate and Advanced levels. For example, such topics include the times of the group Perfect. Due to the fact that they have no analogues in the Russian language and are actively replaced by Simple tenses in English, perfect tenses are often avoided without even trying to understand their meaning. However, this group is not at all complex and interesting. As proof, let's take a closer look at one of them, namely the Future Perfect tense.

Future Perfect Tense or future perfect tense in English is a tense used to express an action that will happen before a certain point in the future. Perhaps it can be safely called one of the most rarely used tenses.

• I will have completed my final exams by June. (By June I will have completed all my final exams.)
• John will have started his project by Monday. (John will start his project by Monday.)
• We will have finished our dinner by 9 pm. (By 9 pm we will have finished our lunch.)

Unlike, without knowing the Future Perfect, you can easily communicate with native speakers, watch films, read books and even work. Nowadays, the Future Perfect is more likely to be used by true aesthetes of the English language, but this does not mean that there is no need to study it. If you use this time as intended, believe me, they will pay attention to it, which means they will understand that your English skills deserve praise and respect.

In addition, there are certain situations in which this time will help you express yourself correctly and emphasize certain points in the future. Another equally pleasant reason is that, like any other complex tense, there are very, very few cases of using the Future Perfect. Based on the above advantages of studying the future perfect tense, we will consider the rules of formation, forms and methods of using the Future Perfect.

Forming the Future Perfect should not pose any difficulties for you if you are already familiar with other representatives of the Perfect group and Future tenses. Tense is formed using two verbs: auxiliary and semantic. The semantic verb is to have in the form of the simple future tense. In other words, the auxiliary verb will is placed before the verb have. The auxiliary verb of time Future Simple does not change in numbers and tenses, always remaining unchanged:

It is worth noting that previously the verb shall was used for 1st person pronouns in the future tense. Now it is very rare to meet it in the future, and even more so in the perfect future, which is practically not used anyway. However, this form must be kept in mind to avoid misunderstandings.

To form a semantic verb, past participles (Participle II) are used, which have two forms applicable to different types of verbs. Forming the past participle with regular verbs is done by adding the ending –ed.

If you have difficulty adding an ending, study the appropriate topic.

With irregular verbs, participles are formed without following any rules. They are usually indicated in the third column of the table of irregular verbs and you just need to try to remember them.

Future Perfect: sentence forms

Now let's move on to sentence forms to understand how to use formed verbs.

Affirmative sentences in Future Perfect

The affirmative form of sentences in Future Perfect Tense is built according to the standard formula: the auxiliary and semantic verbs follow the subject.

Don't forget that English verbs can be expressed in the active voice (the Active Voice) and the passive voice (the Passive Voice). In the examples above, the verbs are used in the active voice. In such sentences, the subject performs some action. However, in order to show that the subject is being influenced by someone, it is necessary to use the Passive Voice.

The Future Perfect Passive is formed by adding the verb to be in the third form (been) before the semantic verb:

Negative Sentences in Future Perfect

In the negative future form, the negative particle not is used between will and have:

The rule also applies to sentences with Passive Voice:

The following abbreviations are often used in both affirmative and negative forms in speech:

Interrogative sentences in the Future Perfect

The interrogative form is formed based on the type of questions:

• For a general question, the word order changes: the auxiliary verb will comes before the subject:

Questions like this need a short answer:

• Alternative questions are practically no different from general ones. They only contain a second subject, semantic verb, or other member of the sentence to provide a choice, which is connected to the first word with the conjunction or. Formula for clarity:

This question requires a complete answer:

• In special questions, the form of the general question is retained, but question words are added before the auxiliary verb will:

Special questions also require a detailed answer:

In such a question, the answer will only contain the auxiliary verb will have:

Future Perfect: use

Having analyzed the formation and forms of sentences of the future perfect tense, let’s move on to its use in practice. Future Perfect is used in the following situations:

1. When it is necessary to express a future action that will occur before a certain point in the future. As a rule, such structures have certain signs that you can follow. These include the preposition by (to some time) and its derivatives: by tomorrow (tomorrow), by Friday (to Friday), by spring (to spring), by the end of the day / week / month / year (by the end of the day / week / month / year), by 2020 (by 2020), by then / by that time (by that time). They are used as time markers, showing by what time period an action must be completed. Let's look at examples:

Often in such sentences there may be a prepositional indicator at (in) with time:

Even though this preposition is translated differently, it implies the same thing as the preposition by: by such and such a time the action will be completed.

1. The future perfect tense can also be used in subordinate clauses of condition and time, where the main clause is used in the Future Perfect tense, and the subordinate clause in the Present Simple. Don't confuse the order by replacing the Future Perfect Simple with a tense, otherwise the sentence will be incorrect.
   Such sentences are used to show that the action in the main clause will have already ended by the time the action in the subordinate clause occurs. Subordinate clauses are entered using time markers: before, when, until / till. The last pair is usually used in negative sentences.

1. Sometimes the Future Perfect can be used without pointers if its choice is explained by the context. In such cases, a specific point in the future is indicated before the sentence in the Future Perfect Tense:

1. The Future Perfect is also used when future actions continue beyond a certain point. In such constructions for is found in the meaning “during”, and when translated into Russian, such sentences often have the adverb “already”:

In this case, try not to confuse Future Perfect and Future Continuous. The Future Continuous is used to convey ongoing action at a specific point in the future. The Future Perfect in this construction shows that by a certain moment the action will happen and will continue. Let's compare:

1. In addition to the listed cases, the Future Perfect can also act as the past tense, replacing the must + Perfect Infinitive construction. This usage is acceptable when it is necessary to make assumptions about the past. The Russian analogue of this construction can be sentences with the words “should be”, “possibly”, “probably”.

We can talk about tenses for a long time, but Future Perfect is not that case. As you can see, with this time everything is quite simple. Basically, it is only used for two situations, future and past, so it should be fairly easy to learn and understand. To remember the nuances of this tense and use it correctly, practice the language by immersing yourself in the language environment, compose your own examples and return to this page periodically.

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• Future Perfect Tense (perfect future tense)
• Rules for forming time, signal words
• Example sentences with Future Perfect Tense

USE

The Future Perfect tense is used to express an action that will take place at a specified moment in the future (by tonight, by the end of the year, before, and so on).

I will have moved to a new apartment by the end of the month.

By the end of the month I will have moved to a new apartment.

At the same time, it is important for us to emphasize the end of the action.

EDUCATION TIMEFUTUREPERFECT

Let's look at the formation of the affirmative, negative and interrogative tenses of the Future Perfect.

The affirmative form of the Future Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the future tense, namely ‘ will have’ and a past tense verb, i.e. verb ending -ed, or the 3rd form of irregular verbs - participles 2:

She will have arrived at the station by tonight.

She will arrive at the station in the evening.

They will have built a new house by the end of the year.

They will complete the new house by the end of the year.

In the negative form to the auxiliary verb will particle is added not, which has the short form won’ t.

The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will take place at a certain point in the future.

• She will have cleaned the entire house by the time he gets home. She will clean the whole house for his return.
• They will have finished their course by the end of May. They will complete the course by the end of May.

Education time

The future perfect tense is formed using an auxiliary verb will have +V3(3rd form of the semantic verb (see table of irregular verbs)). If the semantic verb is correct, an ending is added to it -ed.

• By the time I finish this course, I will have taken five tests. When I finish this course I will write 5 tests.

NB! To form an affirmative form of a sentence, it is possible to use the auxiliary verb shall have for the 1st person (I, we - I, we). Using will be for the 1st person is not a mistake!

Negative sentence formed with an auxiliary verb will not have(shall not have) (won’t/shan’t - shortened forms)+ V3.

• I shall not have finished this test by 2 o'clock. I won't finish the test by 2 o'clock.
• She will not have graduated from university by next year. She won't graduate by next year.

For education interrogative sentence the verb comes first in the sentence will/shall + pronoun (subject) + have + semantic verb in the third form (V3). If an interrogative sentence begins with a question word (What? Who? When? Why? Which? Whose?), then the verb will/shall takes second place in the sentence, the pronoun takes third place, etc.

• Shall I have finished this test by 2 o'clock? Will I finish the test by 2 o'clock?
• Will you have graduated from university by next year? Will you graduate by next year?

Signal words (time markers, cue words)

• by - before, to;
• by then - by that time;
• by the time - by time (by the moment);
• after - after;
• before - before;
• until - not yet (in negative sentences), etc.

The Future Perfect Tense. Exercises The Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Use and education of time The Future Simple Tense. Use and education of time

Future Perfect formed with an auxiliary verb will(or less often shall) and the bare perfect infinitive Perfect Infinitive ( have+ semantic verb in the third form).

If the action is expressed by a regular verb, then its third form is formed by adding the ending -ed. If an irregular verb is used, then the third form can be found in the table of irregular verbs. If the required verb is not there, then it is correct and you can add an ending to it -ed.

Will in modern English it is used with all numbers and persons.
Shall used only with first person I, We(this usage is considered obsolete).

In modern English, with all numbers and persons, only will and this is not an error. But shall can also be found in newspapers, old texts or texts during a job interview, or when applying to an educational institution, fiction.

• Will I have done this work by 5 o’clock tomorrow?– Will I have done this work by five o’clock tomorrow?
• Will she have bought these flowers before the beginning of the party?– Will she buy these flowers before the party starts?
• Will they have found the new actor by next week?– Will they find a new actor by next week?

Special question in Future Perfect is formed using a question word or phrase that is placed at the very beginning of the sentence. The further word order is the same as in the general question for Future Perfect.

• What shall I have done by 5 o'clock tomorrow?– What will I do by five o’clock tomorrow?
• When will she have bought these flowers?– When will she buy these flowers?
• Where will they have found a new actor by next week?– Where will they find a new actor by next week?

Using the Future Perfect

Completed future activities

Future Perfect used to describe a future action that will begin and end before a certain time or to the beginning of another future action or will continue at that point in the future.

• I shall have worked as a teacher for 20 years by next March.– By next March I will have worked as a teacher for 20 years.
• I will have found a new job by next month.– I will find a new job by next month.
• She will have cleaned the room by the time you come back.“She will have cleaned the room by the time you return.”
• They won't have bought this house until the end of the week. They won't buy this house until the end of the week.

Time markers

Time markers in Future Perfect indicate a specific time in the future until which the action will begin and last. They answer the question " until what point in time?».

• before – before, before
• till – until (only for negative sentences)
• until – until (only for negative sentences)

• by then - by that time
• by the time - by that time; When
• by 3 p.m. – by 3 pm
• by 5 o’clock - by five o’clock
• by 7 a.m. - by seven in the morning
• by tomorrow - see you tomorrow
• by next week - by next week
• by next month - by next month
• by next year - by next year
• by next century - to the next century

Method of formation Future Perfect

shall / will + have + past participle

For example:
You will have perfected
You improve

Will you have perfected your English by the time you comeback from the U.S.?
You improve your English by the time you return from the USA?

You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
You you can't improve your English by the time you return from the USA.

Verb conjugation in the Future Perfect

Using the Future Perfect

An action that will be completed before a specific moment or another action in the future

The Future Perfect describes an action that will already be completed before a certain point in the future, or before another action begins, and expressions of time such as, for example, can often be used: by the time...- to that moment, time, when...; by that time, by then- by this time, by that time; before- before; after- after; and so on.

For example:
By next November, I will have received my promotion.
By next November I I'll get it increase.

By the time he gets home, she will have cleaned the entire house.
By the time he gets home, she will clean up throughout the house.

I will not have finished this test by 3 o"clock.
I I won't finish this test by 3 o'clock.

Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?
She is already will be able communicate in Chinese before moving to Beijing?

Sam will probably have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.
Most likely Sam will finish plan before he leaves in the afternoon.

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.
By the time I finish this course, I will I'll pass ten tests.

How many countries will you have visited by the time you turn 50?
How many countries are you will you visit by the time you are fifty years old?

Please note that actions in subordinate clauses (such actions in italics) are expressed in the Simple Present, not the Simple Future. This is because these actions are in subordinate clauses that do not use the future tense (see explanation below).

A long-term action that will be completed before a specific moment or another action in the future

The Future Perfect is used with non-continuous verbs and with mixed verbs that cannot be used in the continuous tense, to denote a continuous action that will be completed before a certain moment or another action in the future. This action could begin in the past, and can continue until a specified moment in the future, or it can begin only in the future, and end until another moment in the future.

For example:
I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
I I'll be there in London six months by the time I leave it.

By Monday, Susan will have had my book for a week.
By Monday Susan will keep I've had my book for a week now.

Although the use of the Future Perfect in this sense is limited to non-continuous verbs and mixed verbs that cannot be used in the continuous tense, the verbs live, work, teach and study can also sometimes be used in this way, although they are not verbs of the non-continuous group.

The future tense is not used in subordinate clauses

The Future Perfect, like all future tenses, is not used in subordinate clauses beginning with adverbs of time, such as: when- When; while– when, while; before- before; after- after; by the time- by the time when; as soon as- as soon as; if- If; unless- if not; and so on. Instead of the Future Perfect, in this case the Present Perfect is used.

For example:
will have finished my homework. ( Wrong.)
I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. ( Right.)
I'll watch the movie when I'll finish your homework.