The meaning of the word antagonist in Efremova’s explanatory dictionary. What is an antagonist? Origin and meaning of the word Definition of the term antagonist - what is it
What is an antagonist? You can often hear this term when talking about various works of art. This includes literature, cinema, theatrical performances, etc. However, this concept is used not only in the field of art, which not many people know about. What does it mean and where did it come into our language?
Origin of the term
First, you need to understand the etymology of the term. The word "antagonist" comes to us from the Greek language. Translated, it means “opponent”, “against”, “compete”. This concept was related to ancient dramas.
Dramas existed during the classical period of ancient Greek literature, being directly related thematically to the worship of gods and mythology. Ancient Greek theaters enjoyed exceptional love among the masses. As with any theatrical performance, the performances of that time had their own characters. An antagonist was a hero who opposed the main character.
Antagonist. The meaning of the word in the field of art
The meaning that the word acquired many years ago during the times of ancient theater has been preserved and survived to this day. The antagonist opposes the main character and hero of the work (protagonist). This is one of the most common meanings for this terpine, so the question “What is an antagonist?” Most often they give examples from art.
The existence of an antagonist is one of the main driving forces behind the development of some plots. He creates obstacles for the hero, is his opposite, makes the hero fight, accept complex solutions, confront your enemy.
Moreover, the antagonist is not always one person. Very often this image is embodied in several characters. Organizations and even various natural disasters can also play this role. Moreover, it is worth noting that the antagonist is not always just a villain. Very often these are complex and contradictory characters with well-developed character traits and motivation for action. Therefore, sometimes it is even difficult to evaluate his actions as atrocities.
Antagonist. Definition in chemistry
It may come as a surprise to some, but the term described can also be used when talking about biochemistry. It is worth remembering again what an antagonist is in translation from Greek. First of all, this is the enemy. Something opposite and opposing. In chemistry, the term also retained this meaning. It is used to identify a substance that weakens the effect of another substance, in other words, it opposes it, showing the opposite effect.
Antagonist in anatomy
Those who have not studied anatomy and physiology in depth may be surprised by the use of the term "antagonist" in these areas. Moreover, he again acts as a kind of opposite, opposing force. In anatomy, antagonists are muscles with the help of which coordination is carried out in different directions. For example, flexion and extension of the limbs, which are opposite actions in relation to each other.
Antagonist Example
The best way to figure out what an antagonist is is to use an example. And since most often this term is still associated with art, the sample will be appropriate. For example, Professor Moriarty is one of the most famous antagonists in literature and cinema. This is a rather complex and multifaceted character, carefully developed and with its own history. The hero is so bright that his name is actually identified with catchphrase.
Detailed character development is very important. Because the question “What is an antagonist?” simply "villain" is not an adequate answer. Of course, most often it is the enemy of the hero. But is this always an unflattering character? The antagonist may commit negative actions, but if you think about it, look at it from the other side, it may turn out that his motivation was noble. It all just depends on your point of view. Actually, that’s what makes antagonists so interesting.
ANTAGONIST
antagon And st
1. m.
Implacable enemy.
2. m.
see antagonists (1*).
3. m.
see antagonists (2*).
4. m.
see antagonists (3*).
Efremova. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what ANTAGONIST is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- ANTAGONIST
[from ancient Greek] 1) opponent, rival; 2) in anatomy, a muscle that acts in the opposite direction relative to a given one (for example, a flexor muscle in relation to ... - ANTAGONIST in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
a, m. 1. shower. Implacable enemy. 2. anat. A muscle that acts in the opposite direction to another muscle; opposite synergist. 3. biol. ... - ANTAGONIST V Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -a, m. Implacable enemy. II antagonist, -i (colloquial). II adj. antagonistic, ... - ANTAGONIST in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
antagoni"st, antagoni"sty, antagoni"sta, antagoni"stov, antagoni"stu, antagoni"stam, antagoni"sta, antagoni"stov, antagoni"stom, antagoni"stami, antagoni"ste, ... - ANTAGONIST in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
- ANTAGONIST in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(gr. antagonistes) 1) a person with opposing views, opinions, etc.; irreconcilable enemy; 2) anat. muscle acting in the opposite direction... - ANTAGONIST in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
Syn: opponent, rival Ant: ... - ANTAGONIST in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
cm. … - ANTAGONIST in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
Syn: opponent, rival Ant: ... - ANTAGONIST in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
1. m. Implacable enemy. 2. m. see antagonists (1*). 3. m. see antagonists (2*). 4. m. see antagonists... - ANTAGONIST in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
antagonist, ... - ANTAGONIST in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
antagonist... - ANTAGONIST in the Spelling Dictionary:
antagonist, ... - ANTAGONIST in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
irreconcilable... - ANTAGONIST in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
antagonist, m. (Greek antagonistes) (book). The enemy... - ANTAGONIST in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
I m. Implacable enemy. II m. see antagonists I III m. see antagonists II IV m. see antagonists ... - ANTAGONIST in the Bolshoi Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language:
I m. Implacable enemy. II m. see antagonists II III m. see antagonists III IV m. see antagonists ... - Parmidine
PARMIDIN (Parmidinum). Bis-N-methylcarbamine ester of 2, 6-bis-hydroxymethylpyridine, or 2, 6-pyridinyl-bis-(methyl-N-methylcarbamate). Synonyms: Anginin, Pyridinolcarbamate, Prodectin, Acesterol, Andil, Anginin, Angiovital, Angioxine, Angioxyl, Aterofal, … - Diltiazem in the Directory of Medicines:
DILTIAZEM*. D-cis-3-Acetoxy-2, 3-dihydro-5--2(2-methoxyphenyl)-1, 5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride. Synonyms: Diacordin, Dilzem, Cardil, Acalix, Aldiazem, Altiazem, Alzidem, Anginyl, Angizem, Cardil, Cardizem, Diacordin, … - Senzit in the Directory of Medicines:
SENSIT*. N-(2-Benzhydryl-ethyl-N-1-phenyl-ethyl)-amine hydrochloride. Synonyms: Fendiline hydrochloride, Рhenaxazan, Рhendilin, Рhenoxan. White or slightly pinkish crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water. ... - Famotidine in the Directory of Medicines:
FAMOTIDINE*. -4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]propylidene]sulfamide. Synonyms: Gastridin, Ulfamid, Amifatidine, Gaster, Gastrosidin, Lecedil, Pepdul, Pepsid, Ulfamid, Ulphamid. Antagonist of histamine H2 receptors. By … - Galantamine in the Directory of Medicines:
GALANTHAMIN (Galanthaminum). An alkaloid first isolated from the tubers of Voronow's snowdrop (Galanthus Woronowi A. Los.), fam. amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidaceae); also found in other... - Nalorphine in the Directory of Medicines:
NALORPHINE (Nalorphini hydrochchloridum). N-allylnormorphine hydrochloride. Synonyms: Antorphine, Anarcon, Lethidron, Nalorphine hydrochloride, Nalline, Norfin, etc. White or white with a slightly ... - Lithium carbonate in the Directory of Medicines:
LITHIUM CARBONATE (Lithii carbonas). Synonyms: Contemnol, Camcolit, Carbopax, Contemnol, Eskalith, Licarb, Lithane, Lithicarb, Lithium carbonicum, Lithizine, Lithobid, Lithomyl, Lithonate, …
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
antagonist
antagonist, m. (Greek antagonistes) (book). The enemy is a rival.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
antagonist
Ah, m. Implacable enemy.
and. antagonist, -i (colloquial).
adj. antagonistic, -aya, -oe.
New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
Wikipedia
Antagonist (art)
Antagonist- V work of art: a character who opposes the main character (protagonist) on the way to achieving his goals. The antagonist-protagonist confrontation is one of the possible driving forces of the central conflict of the work. The actions of the antagonist not only create obstacles that the protagonist must overcome, but can also cause the development of the protagonist's character. It is also possible for a plot to exist without an antagonist.
The antagonist can be not a single character, but a group of characters or an impersonal force - a natural disaster, a social system. It is possible to broaden the definition of an antagonist to include not only forces external to the protagonist, but also general moral principles or his own character traits. A narrower interpretation of the concept is also possible, when in the group of characters opposing the hero, only one, the “most important” villain of the work, is considered as an antagonist.
In classical literature, especially in ancient Greek tragedy, the main character usually acts as a positive character, a bearer of good, and the antagonist is a negative character, a villain. However, the “negativity” of the antagonist can be smoothed out - for example, in “Romeo and Juliet” the parents and family members who act as antagonists to the heroes are not so much villains as bullies and fools stubborn in their delusions; however, even in this case, the figure of the antagonist causes the author’s disapproval. The ratio “the protagonist is more virtuous than the antagonist” can be completely violated, for example, in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” the more virtuous Macduff opposes the main character. A plot is also possible in which the protagonist and antagonist are heroes of equal size to each other (Achilles and Hector in Homer’s Iliad).
The figure of the antagonist in different genres has its own characteristics. Thus, in a comedy it is usually the antagonist who draws the hero into comic situations; in thrillers and horror, the most vivid and naturalistic scenes of fights, violence and death are associated with the antagonist; to some extent, it is the portrayal of the antagonist as the personification of the forces of evil that can be the main artistic task of the genre; The Western is characterized by some rapprochement between the protagonist and the antagonist, similarity in the mode of action and methods; in a female romance novel, the antagonist is usually older and more experienced than the heroine, she provokes the heroine to break taboos and sets “difficult tasks” for her, promoting the heroine’s female initiation.
An antagonist should not be confused with an antihero - a protagonist endowed with negative qualities.
Antagonist (biochemistry)
antagonist (receptor antagonist, receptor antagonist) is a subtype of ligands for cellular receptors. A ligand having receptor antagonist properties is one that blocks, reduces, or prevents the physiological effects caused by binding of an agonist (including an endogenous agonist) to a receptor. At the same time, he himself is not obliged to(but Maybe) produce any physiological effects due to its binding to the receptor (and by a strict definition, which implies and includes only neutral antagonists, he even should not produce any physiological effects on its own). Thus, receptor antagonists have an affinity for that particular type of receptor, but, strictly defined, do not have intrinsic agonist activity at that receptor, and their binding only disrupts the interaction of [competitive] full or partial agonists with the receptor and prevents or inhibits their function and their physiological effects. Equally, receptor antagonists prevent the effects of inverse agonists on the receptor. Receptor antagonists mediate their effects by binding either to the active site of the receptor, or they can interact with the receptor at unique binding sites that Not are normal binding sites for endogenous substances for a given receptor and do not normally participate in the physiological regulation of the activity of this receptor (often, however, the detection of such unusual binding sites preceded detection of their endogenous ligands in the body).
The effect of a receptor antagonist on a receptor may be reversible, difficult to reversible, or partially and slowly reversible, or completely irreversible, depending on the duration of existence of the antagonist-receptor complex. And this, in turn, depends on the nature of the specific antagonist-receptor interaction (for example, a covalent bond, as in pindobind and phenoxybenzamine, is usually irreversible). Most receptor antagonist drugs exhibit their properties by competing with endogenous ligands or receptor substrates in structurally strictly defined areas - binding sites - of the receptors.
Antagonist
Antagonist- something that acts in the opposite way is also a rival.
- Antagonist is a substance that weakens the action of another substance or exhibits opposite effects.
- Antagonist - a muscle of opposite action, for example, an extensor in relation to a flexor muscle.
- Antagonist is a character who opposes the protagonist.
Examples of the use of the word antagonist in literature.
In full accordance with our hypothesis, it turned out that aldosterone is antagonist anti-inflammatory hormones.
Antagonists Andromache, Pyrrhus and Hermione, seemingly free to decide their and her fate, are bound and enslaved by their passion no less than Andromache by her position as a captive.
The names of people who once lived are borne by persons from the entourage of the temporary worker and his antagonist- such as Lipman or Eichler.
True, you even feel sympathy for the prince, but here, forgive me generously, I remain the same antagonist.
Drug therapy includes nitrates, antagonists calcium, beta-adrenergic blockers, diuretics.
The dialogue initially has the character of a duel between two antagonists and grows out of stichomythia, the throwing of questions and answers is identified with an effective duel.
Eternal antagonist Podcherevny, pursued him all his life, exposed and branded him, became famous not for this, but for a horse question.
It presents a person with an alternative: use the same weapon as yours. antagonist, or be defeated and destroyed.
This is a deviation from the canon according to which antagonist never escapes with impunity.
The line of the surf or swell is constantly moving, constantly being refined, probed, checked, but if there is a formed dominant, it itself erects this fence, because it sifts out what is its own and discards what is unnecessary, forming an inhibitory environment, and the inhibitory focus, for its part, sets the limit of its own expansion, for he is excited only because his reciprocal antagonist excited and getting enough stimulation.
Usually acts as a satellite antagonist and the seducer of Doctor Faustus.
And then, according to my assumption, in the role of a new motor antagonist there will be something else that I will later discover in the same way.
There is a discrepancy here: the final common path is really narrow, and in order to break through to the executive body, it is necessary to suppress, crush the opponent, antagonist, but it was precisely Ukhtomsky’s idea that brought excitation currents to a wide expanse of innumerable neurons of the brain, and for this alone we need a fundamentally new model of antagonism as purely functional, a new model of reciprocal innervation as the principle of operation of not only effectors, but also the reflex arc itself in its central parts.
And if there is luck here, even with the riskiness of such associations, then, unfortunately, the role of Claudius - the main antagonist Hamlet was a complete failure for the theater.
But is this movement antagonist in relation to eating food or in relation to a posture of immobility?
Hello, dear readers of the blog site. The origin of many words goes back to antiquity. This happened with the concept of “antagonist,” which is translated from Greek as “opponent.”
But the word antagonist is still more a term related to literature, which we will talk about today, without forgetting to mention other areas of its application.
Definition of the term antagonist - what is it?
The explanatory dictionary gives several meanings of the word “antagonist”, telling what the concept is exists in a variety of areas human activity.
For example, in the language of sports, muscles that are parallel to each other are called antagonists. When you bend your arm, your biceps works. This antagonist muscle. It is opposed by the triceps - the antagonist responsible for extension. The foundations of modern bodybuilding are built on the methodology of developing antagonistic muscles.
This word is also widely used in the field of psychology, philosophy, and art. It can often be found in critical articles devoted to the analysis literary works. To know the meaning of the term and use it yourself, let’s look into the history and theory of literature.
Antagonist in literature is a character who stands in the way of the main character and prevents him from achieving his goal. Main character called the protagonist.
But these two concepts are used in conjunction: it is not always possible to call this or that hero a protagonist if there is no antagonist in the work. Although such cases are possible.
With her sincere and deep love, she sets off Eugene’s superficial, changeable disposition. Onegin is her antagonist. The opposition of Onegin to Lensky and Tatiana to Olga cannot be called the central conflicts of the work. The author needs them for auxiliary purposes, as they allow him to reveal the characters’ characters.
Brief summary
If you look closely at the people around you, you will probably find those who think and act differently from you. They cannot be called enemies, but under certain circumstances a conflict is possible between you.
Competition isn't always a bad thing. Both in literature and in life, it makes us move on. So appreciate and respect their antagonists!
Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site
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