Traps oge condensed presentation. Texts of OGE presentations in the Russian language

1. First, study the criteria for assessing concise presentation.

№	Criteria for evaluating concise presentation	Points
IR1
	The examinee accurately conveyed the main content of the text he listened to, reflecting all the micro-topics that were important for his perception.	2
	But missed or added 1 micro-topic	1
	The examinee conveyed the main content of the text he listened to, But missed or added more than 1 microtheme	0
IR2	Source text compression
	The examinee used 1 or more text compression techniques, using them throughout the text	3
	The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 2 text microtopics	2
	The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 1 micro-topic of text	1
	The examinee did not use text compression techniques	0
IR3	Semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency of presentation
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation: - there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken; - there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work	2
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, But 1 logical error was made, and/or there is 1 violation of paragraph division of the text in the work	1
	The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent, But more than 1 logical error was made, and/or there are 2 cases of violation of paragraph division of the text	0
	MAXIMUM POINTS FOR CONCRETE PRESENTATION	7

2. Secondly, remember that the volume of presentation should not be less than 70 words, and the number of microtopics should correspond to the number of paragraphs (there are always three).
3. Third, learn ways to compress text.
-Exclusion: you can exclude details, secondary facts, fragments with descriptions, repetitions, synonyms, clarifying constructions, etc.
-Generalization: when generalizing, homogeneous members of the sentence should be replaced with a generalizing word, etc.
- Simplification: when simplifying, you should replace a complex sentence with a simple one, combine several sentences, break a complex sentence into simple ones, replace direct speech with indirect speech.
Each paragraph should use one or more text compression techniques.
4. Fourthly, read 35 texts from the FIPI website. You will come across one of these texts at the real OGE in 2018.

35 texts for writing a concise summary.

No. 1 About friendship

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Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts were burdened by guests. Now that time is the price of achieving your goal, relaxation and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

No. 2 About friendship

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What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

No. 3 About friendship

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Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

No. 4 About friendship

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When I was at school, it seemed to me that my adult life would take place in some other environment, as if in a different world, and that I would be surrounded by other people. But in reality everything turned out differently. My peers stayed with me. The friends of youth turned out to be the most faithful. The circle of acquaintances has grown unusually. But true friends, old, true friends, are made in youth. Youth is a time of bonding.

Therefore, take care of your youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things you acquired in your younger years, don’t lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Good youth skills to make life easier. The bad ones will complicate it and make it difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age”? All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy. The bad ones won't let you sleep.

No. 5 About friendship

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What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a selfless relationship between people that is based on common likes, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when you need him so much. He will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But, unfortunately, such relationships are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if you have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of a desire for creation rather than destruction.

No. 6 About friendship

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There are values that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

No. 7 About toys

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Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has bright and tender memories associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but, despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child better than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

No. 8 About books

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When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “wake-up call” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack. There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life.

Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - this is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

No. 9 About precious books

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No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life.

Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund. In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

No. 10 About books

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What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

No. 11 About literature

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It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.

Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.

So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

No. 12 About reading

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What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better.

No. 13 About education

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We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

No. 14 About family

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Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

No. 15 About finding yourself

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Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish their self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” “I can’t” - there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

No. 16 About sincerity

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Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.

The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.

If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

No. 17 About growing up

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Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.

There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

No. 18 About childhood and growing up

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In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.

And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

No. 19 About choice

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There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person. We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play.

But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Some things, of course, can be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

No. 20 About a cultured person

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What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

No. 21 About culture

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True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.

The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

No. 22 About morality

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One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.

How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

No. 23 About youthful love

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Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

No. 24 About self-doubt

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Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let’s imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people’s assessments seem more important and meaningful to him than his own. He sees his every action primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone: from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

No. 25 About power

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The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it fails to grow evenly, then, bending under obstacles, it tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

No. 26 About art

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Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

No. 27 About art

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There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires deeds. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and is in a hurry to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word life.

How many artists, composers, and poets have created wonderful works about mothers. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

No. 31 About mutual assistance and mutual assistance

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In a society where the idea of individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own?

And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine. Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And experience confirms that good feelings must have their roots in childhood. If they are not brought up in childhood, you will never raise them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, life of fauna and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

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OGE 2017 Ready-made condensed presentations

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts would be burdened by guests; now, when time is the price of achieving one’s goal, rest and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life came an understanding of the importance of time. Time has become the price of achieving your goal. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

At the same time, previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in big cities. We strive to retire, to isolate ourselves.

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a carefully preserved bright and tender memory associated with them. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys do not attract as much attention as virtual ones. But an ordinary toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because it teaches and develops a child, he can communicate with it, play, and gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to instill love for others, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring behavior, attributes, a value system and worldview into his world. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

When I was about ten years old, I read the book Animal Heroes. I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know that for some people, the “wake-up call” for their sense of nature was a month in the village, their first trip with a backpack...

There is no need to list everything that can awaken in childhood interest and a special attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person comprehends with his mind how everything in the living world is interconnected, how strong it is and at the same time vulnerable, how everything depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. She makes learning about the world interesting. With it, a person acquires an important point of reference for all the values of life. Love for nature is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, without reading precious books he is deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read the book today or in a year. As a child, every day is a discovery. The acuity of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can affect the rest of your life. Vivid and lasting impressions of childhood are the foundation of a future spiritual life, a golden fund.

In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everything will germinate or bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Later life is difficult. It consists of millions of actions that are determined by character and shape it. Every character trait of an adult, qualities and actions were sown in childhood, had their own germ, their own seed.

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a young person. The biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the role of the family in raising a child. If in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have problems with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and strive to pay off their spiritual debt with belated care and material benefits.

The world is changing. But if the parents were unable to establish internal contact with their son or daughter, then another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness, his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

One person was told that an acquaintance had spoken unflatteringly about him. "Can't be! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” This is an algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. This man met with people who had mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. If you deviate from the road, you can wander into a windfall or drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to respond in kind.

This phenomenon should be treated philosophically. Do good, from this you will receive pleasure, that is, you will be happy. The goal in life is to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Times change, but difficult personal issues remain the same. How to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just show your qualities and abilities to those who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust that brings out the best that a person is capable of. True love is not limited to friendships. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to what makes up our world.

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it gained attention in the mid-20th century. Then it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt can cause various troubles, including serious illnesses.

Lack of self-confidence can become the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. For an addict, other people's assessments seem more important than their own. He wants approval from everyone. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

How to overcome self-doubt? Scientists are looking for an answer to this question. You can overcome self-doubt if you set goals correctly and positively evaluate your results.

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of a person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. Even bending under obstacles, it tries to stretch upward. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people suffer and often turn into tyrants.

If you always command, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. The commander does not know how to communicate on equal terms. He feels calm when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people and breed misfortune.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility. This approach preserves the mental health of the person himself and those around him.

Is it possible to define what art is in one formula? No. Art is charm and witchcraft, revealing the funny and tragic, morality and immorality, knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of leaving a mark on history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is the greatest discovery. After all, through art, every person and people as a whole comprehend their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples, civilizations distant from us in time and space. Recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is it that makes it possible for humanity to feel like a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, art was considered a force capable of capturing the image of time and man and passing it on to descendants.

MORE MATERIALS FOR PREPARING FOR WRITING A CONCRETE EXECUTION

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine-gun belts. Not yet having life experience, the children did not understand the true value of simple things.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, and with tenderness keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. The survivors managed to maintain pure peace, faith and hope within themselves, becoming kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live on. The main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

There is no and cannot be a universal recipe for how to choose the right, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.

We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends and learn to play. But we still make most of the most important decisions in our youth. This is the most crucial period. At this time, a person chooses the most important thing in life: his closest friend, circle of interests, profession.

Such a choice is a responsible matter. It is impossible to dismiss him. You should not hope that the error can be corrected later. Wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. Success comes to those who know what they want and decisively go towards the goal.

There are values that change, are lost, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values remain that are significant for people of all generations and cultures. One of them is friendship.

People often use this word in their language, but few can say what friendship is, who a true friend is. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on openness, trust and readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values and guidelines, then they can be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. Then friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other occasionally and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

The word “mother” is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babble by a child in a cradle, spoken with love by a young man and an old man. The language of any nation has this word, and in all languages it sounds tender and affectionate.

The word “mother” is a special word. It is always with us: in childhood, youth, maturity, old age. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special. We bring her our joy and pain, we find understanding. Mother's love gives strength and inspires heroism. In difficult circumstances, we always remember our mother. A person calls his mother, believing that she hears, has compassion, and is in a hurry to help. The words “mother” and “life” become equivalent.

How many wonderful works have been created about mother! Very late we realize that we forgot to say a lot of good, kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. Grateful children are the best gift for them.

And what is more in our interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must understand each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, there is no need to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return.

In a society where individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about mutual assistance and assistance. Society was formed and exists thanks to a common cause, helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. How can we now believe that there are no interests other than our own? Personal and public interests are intertwined in this issue.

It's deeper than it seems. Individualism destroys society and weakens us. Only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

What is more in line with our common interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? The answer is clear. We must help each other if we want to live well and not depend on anyone. You just need to help without expecting gratitude, without looking for benefits, then they will definitely help you in return.

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not raised in childhood, you will never educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, the life of the animal world and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.

I remembered hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? – Strong, courageous, smart... And no one said: kind. But without kindness, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Good feelings are the center of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, it is worth being more tolerant, attentive and kind to each other, to the living world around us. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. He is tried, true and useful to everyone.

Learning to feel and sympathize is the most difficult thing in education. If good feelings are not cultivated in childhood, you will never cultivate them. In childhood, a person must go through an emotional school - the school of instilling good feelings. Humanity and kindness are born in worries, worries, joys and sorrows.

In childhood, a person is happy by default. A child is instinctively predisposed to happiness. Under any circumstances, he rejoices and constantly finds new reasons for this. Perhaps because he has nothing to compare his life with yet, that the child’s soul has not yet had time to be covered with a protective shell and is more open to goodness and hopes than the soul of an adult.

With age, everything changes. No matter how well our life develops, we will not calm down until we find some problem in it, feeling deeply unhappy. We believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain to our friends, we worry.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is. Then we realize that we have committed a stupidity, suffering because of nonsense, we understand that we need to enjoy life.

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”

Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

I was betrayed by a loved one, my best friend. We hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. The “friend’s pin prick” brings severe pain.

Many endure bullying, hoping to awaken the conscience of the traitor. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his action by the interests of the cause, committing one betrayal after another.

Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, and traitors behave differently. They try to justify what they did, fall into a feeling of guilt and fear, and try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless.

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, and bit by bit the secondary things disappear from it: less significant and bright; and then - the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

The Great Patriotic War is becoming a thing of the past, but the memory of it is alive. It is impossible to forget the feat and sacrifices made in the name of victory. Four years of war cannot be compared with anything in terms of the severity of the experience. The most important feature of the war is its national character, when everyone fought for a common cause, gave themselves without reserve in the name of the coming victory...

But a person's memory weakens over time. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. This cannot be allowed.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War nourishes literature and art. Films have been made about the war and works of literature have been created. This is the pain of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. When discussing this topic, it is important to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war and its participants.

(today, an audio recording of this text in the FIPI Obz has been published again) NEW

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. The importance of art, which has firmly entered our lives, is great.

Contact with the world of creativity brings joy and selfless pleasure. It is wrong to see works of art only as a means of obtaining pleasure. The importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, becoming a repository of memory for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views, character, tastes, and awakens a love for beauty. Therefore, in difficult moments of life, people turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (138 words)

To appreciate and understand kindness, you need to experience it yourself, perceive the ray of someone else’s kindness, and live in it. You need to feel how he takes control of your heart, word, and deeds. Kindness comes not out of obligation, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something that is not immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness will sooner or later respond with his own kindness.

Great happiness is to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. At this moment, a person finds the best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “one’s own” are forgotten, and what is alien disappears. There is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred.

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, one of the reasons that gives birth to art, science and the desire to fight for the future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create the feeling that we are already living in this future and are changing ourselves.

Everyone needs a dream. She is a source of high feelings. She doesn’t let you calm down, she shows you new horizons, a different life. Its value lies in the fact that it disturbs and makes one desire this life.

Only a hypocrite can say that we should stop there. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream, to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

What are the benefits of reading? Why do people read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich their inner world, and make them smarter. Reading increases a person's vocabulary and develops clear thinking. Everyone can be convinced of this. It’s worth reading a classic work thoughtfully, and you will notice how easier it has become to express thoughts using speech and select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, develops logical thinking, intelligence, and intelligence.

Books have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and spiritual development. After reading a classic work, people sometimes change for the better.

What is a good book? It should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make you think and express emotions. The book should be written in rich language. It must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Focusing solely on the fantasy genre can turn young readers into those who know the way to Avalon better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. It has

disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. Such books will teach sensitivity, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Popular science literature will broaden your horizons, help you determine your path in life, and provide the opportunity for self-development.

We hope the reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

Having a family and children is necessary and natural. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father. The children respected and obeyed the head of the family. He was engaged in peasant labor, the full burden of which was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife, the mother. She was in charge of everything in the house, taking care of food and clothing. The children helped her in everything...

In a good family there was mutual love. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and aroused pity. One had to be able to give in, forget the insult, and respond kindly. Love and harmony within the family gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What does true culture contain? Spirituality, light, knowledge, beauty. If people understand this, our country will become prosperous. It would be nice if every city and town had its own center of culture and creativity for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. Such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is and why it is needed.

The key note of culture is peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if people who were honest, dedicated to their work, and respectful of each other were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity in which there is enough room for everyone. If we take part in its creation together, our planet will become more beautiful.

What does it mean to be cultured? Be educated, well-mannered, respectful of yourself and others. A cultured person is distinguished by creative work, the ability to be grateful, patriotism, and compassion for one’s neighbor.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a goal and achieves it. His main goal is to increase goodness in the world, to strive for all people to be happy. The ideal of a cultured person is genuine humanity.

Today people spend too little time on culture. It’s good if a person is introduced to culture from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions, absorbs positive experiences, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

Some believe that a person matures when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence. An adult does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Sometimes you can't do it alone. Then you have to ask your loved ones for help. But in general, it is not typical for an independent person to rely on others.

An adult knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his life himself, evaluates himself, realizing that much depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. To do this, you need to become independent and be able to make decisions. Adulthood depends on life experiences.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

What is friendship? You will most often meet friends among like-minded people, people of a common destiny. This cannot be said to define friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Two opposite characters can also be friends. Friendship is equality and similarity and at the same time it is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but they don’t always get the same amount out of their friendship. One makes friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience. One, helping an inexperienced person, learns his strength and maturity. The weak recognize in a friend his ideal, strength, and experience. One gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities and manifests itself in differences.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A loving friend exposes your weaknesses and vices.

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Friendship is not something external. It lies deep in the heart. You can't force someone to be friends.

Friendship requires, above all, mutual respect. This means taking into account the opinion of a friend and recognizing his merits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A respected friend feels valued as a person and helps him not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust, confidence in the sincerity and reliability of a friend is important. A friend may be wrong, because we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. General moral values and ideas about good and evil are also important. For friendships that have existed for a long time and have been tested by time, common interests or hobbies are less significant.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can bring a person many experiences. Life is unthinkable without friendship.

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not been reflected in world literature. Love, separation - you will find all this in books.
Literature opens up the world with the help of words and expands views on life. As children, we read fairy tales to relive intrigue. But the hour comes when we open a book to delve deeper into ourselves - this is the hour of growing up.
So we took the book, what happens to us? With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called “a teacher and textbook of life.”

“Know yourself,” said the great wise Socrates. Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think. A sincere person is one who knows how to be himself.
The main problem is that we don't know ourselves well. You need to look into your heart to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed by society.
If you look inside yourself, you will discover your characteristics and talents, you just need to study them. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to stand out.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of our self-esteem, we sometimes do rash actions. Self-loving people cause a feeling of condemnation, but you should not lose your dignity forever, sometimes in life you need it. It is not always easy to apply.

The true worth of a person is still revealed. The higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us is actually a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

I once thought that my social circle would be different in old age. But in reality it turned out differently. Peers are always with me. I remember that the only real friends my parents had were friends from the gymnasium or fellow students. The desire to be friends decreases with age, because youth is the time of rapprochement. We should remember this and appreciate those who are close to you. A true friend can not only sympathize in your grief, but also rejoice at your successes. When the time comes for misfortunes and losses, you cannot be alone.

Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Habits and skills last a lifetime. Get used to work - and work will always bring joy. This is very important for human happiness! There is no more unhappy person than a lazy person. Wonderful habits make life more beautiful, bad habits make it more difficult.

There is a Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy, the bad ones will keep you awake!

What is the concept of friendship? Scientifically, friendship is a selfless relationship between people based on common sympathies and interests. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue. A friend will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can spend time. During a crisis, friends disappear somewhere. Beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems can be solved if we have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life more multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development of their desire to create.

Texts of presentations from the FIPI open task bank

TEXT 1

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What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

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The word "culture" is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.
True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.
The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

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A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

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Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

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Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a bright and tender memory associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones. But despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because nothing teaches and develops a child more than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even acquire life skills. experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only his image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a value system and worldview. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

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What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let's imagine how uncomfortable a dependent person feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; He sees each of his actions primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

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No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; every day there is an opening. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life.

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Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are worried about everything: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

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One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has met more than once
with people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

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It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Something, of course, will be able to be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

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Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his action by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal completely destroys a person’s dignity, and as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

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The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines, then they can be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

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The word mom is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babble by a child in a cradle, spoken with love by a young man and an old man. The language of any nation has this word, and in all languages it sounds tender and affectionate.

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In a society where the idea of individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. Human society has just formed and continues to exist, thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests than our own? And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish, the point is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.

You understand how much deeper this is than it seems, because individualism destroys society, and therefore weakens each of us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And what is more in line with our common interests: mutual benefit or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must help each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, you don’t have to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself, and then they will help you in return, for sure.

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I remembered hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the center of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

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Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

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Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish his “I”. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” , “I can’t” – there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his “I”. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

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So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and textbook of life.

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Concise presentation is one of the components. This type of work seems simple only at first glance. In fact, writing a concise summary is not that easy.

The text for presentation is listened to only twice; it is read not by the school teacher, to whose voice graduates have long been accustomed, but by the announcer. The diction of a professional reading a text for a concise presentation is undoubtedly impeccable. However, the pace of reading is quite fast - and this is just one of the difficulties that ninth-graders will have to face at the OGE.

Among other things, the graduate will be required to present in a compressed form the information contained in the readable text, competently using compression methods and correctly dividing the text into paragraphs.

You can't do without preliminary training! How to train? Listen to audio recordings of texts and write summaries yourself. We offer several audio recordings of texts for condensed presentation.

Audio recording 1 (Text about friendship)

Concise presentation

Friendship always faces challenges. Today, the main one is a change in the way of life and pace of life. People realized the value of time. As a result, joint recreation and hospitality, components of friendship in the past, have lost their significance.

Nowadays people are oppressed by the excess of forced communication, which is especially noticeable in big cities. People prefer to spend their free time in secluded places.

However, the excess of obligatory communication and the desire for isolation did not minimize the need for friendship. Friendly relationships are still valued, and this gives us confidence in the possibility of understanding and support.

Audio 2 (Text about the loss of family ties)

Concise presentation

We often talk about the difficulties of raising a growing person. The biggest problem here is the weakening of family ties, which play an important role in education. Society will have many difficulties with a citizen who has not received a strong moral support in the family.

Another consequence of the weakening of the family principle in upbringing is excessive parental care. Parents, who did not give their children warmth in time, are now trying to make up for it with excessive care and material values.

– a concise presentation of the text, which is listened to twice in an audio recording. You will have to not only “switch on” your memory, but also demonstrate the ability to process the information received, highlighting the most important and essential things in it.

What is a summary?

Concise presentation - the text is abbreviated, without small details and secondary information. This is something like a well-written note (very good, by the way, if you were taught how to write notes correctly in literature, history or geography lessons).

Text shortened by 1/3 is considered compressed. However, the requirements for the OGE are somewhat different. In the demo version of the OGE 2015, the listening text contains 152 words, and the required volume of presentation is 70 words (this is a little more than a third of the original text).

The optimal number of words in the presentation of the OGE is 70-90 (function words and interjections are also included in the count). Many expert teachers believe that a larger presentation is no longer concise and mercilessly reduce points for work with too many words. So don't take risks - write 70 to 90 words, no more and no less.

How to write a concise presentation in OGE format?

The presentation must be written in accordance with the approved criteria, since it is by these criteria that experts evaluate the work. The criteria for evaluating a concise presentation can be found in the demo version on the FIPI website, and read about how and who checks exam papers.

Let's look at each criterion separately.

Criterion 1. Content.

You are required to state the main content of the text you listened to. Try not to miss anything; you shouldn’t add anything “on your own” either. The expert looks at whether you managed to reflect the main micro-topics of the text and assigns an appropriate score.

What is a microtheme?

The sentences of the text are united by one common topic (remember, the topic is what is said in the text). A large topic, as a rule, is revealed through several small subtopics - microtopics. It is no coincidence that the text is usually divided into several parts - paragraphs. It can be said that microtheme is the main idea of the paragraph . (Do not confuse the terms “paragraph” and “microtopic” - these are different concepts, and another criterion for assessing presentation is devoted to paragraph division).

The expert’s logic is as follows: if you have reflected all the important micro-topics of the text in your work, then the content of the text is conveyed correctly, which means you can give the highest score according to the first criterion.

Need a specific example? There is such an example in one of the articles on our website - by clicking on the link, you can.

To highlight the main information in a text, you need to understand it correctly. Try to understand what the text says the first time you listen.

Criterion 2. Text compression.

When checking the presentation, experts count the number of words (there should be, as we have already said, no less than 70 words). However, the main thing that attention is paid to when evaluating work according to the second criterion is the use of compression techniques.

What are text compression techniques?

When compressing text, the information contained in it will need to be processed. This information is “filtered” - you leave the main thing and cut off the unimportant.

The text is abbreviated according to the rules. One of them is the use of certain actions called compression techniques (also called linguistic techniques for text compression). If you know these techniques, it will not be difficult for you to present the content of the text in a concise and understandable form.

But remember: no matter how you “compress” the text you listen to, try not to “lose” the main information it contains.

Basic text compression techniques:

1. Exception.

This technique is associated with exclusion, “crossing out” secondary information, and some students consider it the easiest. Indeed, is it really difficult to cross out some words or even sentences in the text?

However, not all so simple. Under no circumstances should you exclude the main information - you risk losing points. Only non-essential information is cut off!

What can be excluded from the text when presenting it concisely?

We exclude repetitions. Example: Need to educate children have conscientiousness, needs to be educated Children have the capacity for compassion. – It is necessary to cultivate in children conscientiousness and the ability to compassion.

Synonyms can be excluded (one or more) . Example: Boy's eyes shone, sparkled, sparkled. – The boy’s eyes shone.

We exclude clarifications and explanations: My sister lived nearby on nearby street. - My sister lived nearby.

Maybe eliminating parts of a sentence or even several proposals, containing irrelevant information. It is important here not to confuse secondary information with the main information that is essential for the disclosure of the topic.

2. Generalization.

Replace homogeneous terms with a generalizing word or a phrase. Example: We picked daisies, bells, cornflowers. - We picked colors(different colors).

We summarize the information by replacing a fragment of text synonymous (close in meaning) expression. Example: A person learns correct behavior from the very age when the first steps are taken, the first habits are laid, the first words are spoken. – A person learns correct behavior since the early childhood.

3. Simplification.

This compression technique involves structural simplification of a text fragment. To do this you can combine several offers in one. Example: The years go by. The writer goes further and further into history; only his works do not age. – Years go by, but the writer’s books do not age (in this example, along with simplification, exclusion is also used).

Possible replacing a complex sentence with a simple one : Aircraft models, which have electric motors, participate in sports competitions. – Aircraft models, equipped with electric motors, participate in sports competitions.

Direct speech better in a concise way replace with indirect . This is another kind of simplification. Example: The driver said: « I'll take you to the station in fifteen minutes" - The driver said, that will take us to the station in fifteen minutes.

Traps oge condensed presentation. Texts of OGE presentations in the Russian language

1. First, study the criteria for assessing concise presentation.

№

Criteria for evaluating concise presentation

Points

IR1

The examinee accurately conveyed the main content of the text he listened to, reflecting all the micro-topics that were important for his perception.

2

But

missed or added 1 micro-topic

1

The examinee conveyed the main content of the text he listened to,

But

missed or added more than 1 microtheme

0

IR2

Source text compression

The examinee used 1 or more text compression techniques, using them throughout the text

3

The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 2 text microtopics

2

The examinee applied 1 or more text compression techniques, using them to compress 1 micro-topic of text

1

The examinee did not use text compression techniques

0

IR3

Semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency of presentation

The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation:

- there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken;

- there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work

2

The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation,

But

1 logical error was made,

and/or

there is 1 violation of paragraph division of the text in the work

1

The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent,

But

more than 1 logical error was made,

and/or

there are 2 cases of violation of paragraph division of the text

0

MAXIMUM POINTS FOR CONCRETE PRESENTATION

7

35 texts for writing a concise summary.

Audio recording 1 (Text about friendship)

Audio 2 (Text about the loss of family ties)

What is a summary?

How to write a concise presentation in OGE format?

Criterion 1. Content.

What is a microtheme?

Criterion 2. Text compression.

What are text compression techniques?

1. Exception.

2. Generalization.

3. Simplification.

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