Kuma hydroelectric power station. Technical re-equipment and modernization
- Installed electrical capacity - 569.5 MW
- Electricity generation - 2,957.4 million kWh
One of the main sources of electricity on the Kola Peninsula. Cascade stations produce more than a third of all electricity used in the Murmansk region.
The composition of the cascade
- Niva HPP-1 (commissioned December 25, 1952)
- Niva HPP-2 (commissioned June 30, 1934)
- Niva HPP-3 (commissioned December 20, 1949)
- Kumskaya HPP (commissioned December 30, 1962)
- Iovskaya HPP (commissioned on December 28, 1960)
- Knyazhegubskaya HPP (commissioned on October 21, 1955)
Niva HPP-1
The first stage of the Niva HPP-1 was put into operation in 1952, its construction was completed in 1954. The development of the northern shores proceeded with great difficulty, many of the engineers and builders were sent here from the previous station - the underground Niva HPP-3.
This station is the first on the cascade, where telemechanics was installed, which made it possible to carry out work without the presence of permanent operational personnel. Currently fully automated. Carries out annual and long-term regulation of the flow of the river. Niva reservoirs of lakes Imandra and Pirenga.
The capacity of Niva HPP-1 is 26 MW, the average annual electricity generation is 131.641 million kWh.
Niva HPP-2
The first HPP of the Cascade, Niva HPP-2, was supposed to become the energy center of the region, because the rich deposits of apatite-nepheline ores discovered in the Khibiny, their extraction and production from apatite concentrate required an appropriate energy base.
In 1930, in accordance with the GOELRO plan in the valley of the river. Niva began construction of the Niva HPP-2 hydroelectric power station.
The station was designed and built at the same time. At the same time, neither engineers nor builders had experience in the difficult conditions of the Far North. IN short time they succeeded in blocking the old river bed, laying a 4.5 km long diverting channel and building the station's head structure. The launch of the first hydraulic unit took place on June 30, 1934.
In 1936, the Kolenergo REU was created on the Kola Peninsula, which included the Niva HPP-2 together with the Murmanskaya CHPP and the Nizhne-Tulomskaya HPP.
By the spring of 1946, after restoration work, the Niva HPP-2 was again able to reach its design capacity.
The installed capacity of Niva HPP-2 is 60 MW. The average long-term electricity generation is 365.26 million kWh.
Niva HPP-3
In the late 1930s work began on the construction of the first underground station in the Soviet Union. Construction was frozen for the duration of the war. The launch of the first stage of the Niva HPP-3 took place in 1949. This station is unique: its engine room is located in the bowels of the rock, at a depth of 76 meters from the surface.
Niva HPP-3 is the lower stage of the Nivskiye HPP cascade, located 5 km from the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea.
The installed capacity of Niva HPP-3 is 155.5 MW. The average long-term electricity generation is 877.02 million kWh.
Kuma HPP
In the 1950s, upon completion of work on the Nivsky Cascade, hydrobuilders set about developing the Kovda River.
The construction of the hydroelectric power station began in 1961 and ended in 1963. The Kuma hydroelectric power station was built simultaneously with the Iovskaya hydroelectric power station. The first hydroelectric unit was put into operation on December 30, 1962, and at the end of 1963 the Kuma hydroelectric station was put into commercial operation.
This is the only hydropower plant of the Kolsky branch located outside the Kola Peninsula - on the territory of the Republic of Karelia.
The pressure structures of the HPP form the Kuma reservoir, which includes Pyaozero and Topozero. Reservoir area 1970 sq. km. When creating the reservoir, 200 buildings were moved. The HPP facilities include a 721 m long embankment dam with a maximum height of 19.6 m, a 500 m long diversion inlet channel and a 1306 m long outlet channel.
The plant's installed capacity is 80 MW, and the average annual electricity generation is 355.56 million kWh.
Iovskaya HPP
The construction of the Iovskaya HPP began in 1958 and ended in 1963. The first unit was put into operation on December 28, 1960 - it began work under a wooden tent, the building of the hydroelectric power station was already erected after launch. On March 17, 1965, the Iovskaya HPP was put into commercial operation.
Initially, Iovskaya, together with the Kumskaya HPP, formed the Kovdinsky HPP Cascade.
Before the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the Kovda River was a chain of lakes connected by short rapids. At the same time, only the last channel, giving access to the sea to the water of Kovdozero, the last of the lakes in the chain, bore the name of Kovda proper. The rest of the ducts, although they are considered the constituent links of the Kovda, are known under special names: lake. Topozero, r. Sofyanga, oz. Pyaozero, r. Kundozerka, oz. Kundozero, r. Kuma, oz. Sokolozero, r. Rugozerka, oz. Rugozero, r. Kovdochka, oz. Sushozero, r. Iova (or Upper Kovda), lake. Kovdozero, r. Kovda.
To increase the efficiency of the station, an original engineering solution was adopted: the flow of the Tavand and Tolvand lakes was transferred to the reservoir of the hydroelectric power station. The pressure structures of the HPP include 3 bulk dams with a length of 350, 500 and 1180 m. They form the Iovskoye reservoir with an area of 294 square meters. m, including several lakes.
Installed capacity - 96 MW, average annual electricity generation - 508.39 million kW/h.
Knyazhegubskaya HPP
Knyazhegubskaya hydroelectric power station is the first of the stations built in the lower reaches of the Kovda water system, on a new man-made mouth of the river. An artificial canal discharges water from the Kovdozero (Knyazhegubsky reservoir) into the White Sea along the shortest path. Due to this "breakthrough" to the sea at a short distance, a large elevation difference is achieved, which is necessary for the efficient operation of the hydroelectric power station.
The timing of the commissioning of the equipment of the Knyazhegubskaya HPP was unique. The first unit was handed over on October 21, 1955. The second - November 23, the third - December 29 of the same year. With the launch of the fourth unit, which took place on March 28, 1956, the station reached its design capacity. Then it was 128 MW, but in the course of modernization it was possible to increase it to 152 MW.
Simultaneously with the construction of the Knyazhegubskaya station, the settlement of Zelenoborsky arose, for which the hydroelectric power station still remains a city-forming enterprise.
The Knyazhegubskaya power plant consists of several separate hydropower plants. The HPP facilities include an embankment dam of the Tupyegubsky hydroelectric complex with a length of 962 m, an embankment dam of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex (952 m), an embankment dam of the Knyazhegubsky hydroelectric complex (628 m) with a maximum height of 20.8 m, a concrete spillway dam of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex (78 m), as well as 9 bulk dams of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex with a total length of 1465 m.
Installed capacity - 152 MW, average annual electricity generation - 751.711 million kWh.
Technical re-equipment and modernization
2014
- January 21, 2014 at the Iovskaya HPP took place with a capacity of 48 MW.
2016
- Completed overhaul of hydroelectric unit No. 4 Niva HPP-2
2017
- Completed overhaul of hydroelectric unit No. 3 Niva HPP-3
- Completed overhaul of hydroelectric unit No. 2 of Kumskaya HPP
- Implementation of the thermal vibration control system at Niva HPP-3 completed
- Completed work on the replacement of the excitation system and the speed controller with the reconstruction of the relay protection and automation equipment; modernization of the MNU unit at the hydraulic unit No. 2 of the Kumskaya HPP was carried out
- The implementation of the vibration and thermal control system for hydroelectric unit No. 2 of the Kumskaya HPP was completed
- Implementation of vibration and thermal control systems for hydraulic unit No. 2 of Knyazhegubskaya HPP completed
- Completed work on equipping systems for constant monitoring of the shaft runout of hydroelectric unit No. 1 Niva HPP-1
- Completed overhaul of the power transformer of the Kuma HPP
2018
- overhaul of hydroelectric unit No. 1 of the Kumskaya HPP.
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dam-derivation
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2xPL 577-VM-450
2хСVI 840/135-44
earthen; concrete spillway
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General information
The construction of the hydroelectric power station began in , ended in . The first hydro unit was put into operation , the HPP was put into commercial operation on March 17 . The HPP was built according to the diversion dam type. The structure of HPP facilities:
- an embankment dam with a length of 700 m and a maximum height of 19.5 m;
- concrete spillway in the body of the bulk dam;
- diversion supply channel 500 m long;
- pressure unit with metal pipelines;
- HPP building 49 m long;
- outlet channel 1310 m long.
HPP capacity - 80 MW, average annual output - 346 million kWh. In the HPP building, 2 rotary-blade hydraulic units with a capacity of 40 MW each, operating at a design head of 32 m, are installed. Part of the HPP equipment is outdated and needs to be modernized. The pressure structures of the HPP (the length of the pressure front is 0.76 km) form the Kuma reservoir, which includes Kundozero, Pyaozero and Topozero. The area of the reservoir is 1910 km², the total and useful capacity is 9.83 and 8.63 km³. During the creation of the reservoir, 760 hectares of agricultural land were flooded, 200 buildings were moved.
The HPP was designed by the Lengidroproekt Institute.
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An excerpt characterizing the Kuma hydroelectric power station
- Nonsense, Isidora! I knew people who themselves achieved immortality! And they weren't born with it. So there are ways. And you will open them for me. Trust me.He was absolutely right... There were ways. But I was not going to open them to him for no reason. Not for any torture.
“Forgive me, Your Holiness, but I cannot give you what I did not receive myself. It's impossible - I don't know how. But your God, I think, would give you "eternal life" on our sinful earth, if he believed that you deserve it, right? ..
Caraffa turned purple and hissed evil, as if ready to attack poisonous snake:
– I thought you were smarter, Isidora. Well, it won't take long for me to break you when you see what I have in store for you...
And abruptly grabbing my hand, he roughly dragged me down into his terrifying basement. I didn’t even have time to get scared, as we ended up at the same iron door, behind which, quite recently, my unfortunate tortured husband, my poor good Girolamo, died so brutally ... And suddenly a terrible, chilling soul guess, slashed the brain - father !!! That's why he didn't answer my repeated call!.. He was probably seized and tortured in the same basement, standing in front of me, breathing with rage, a fiend who "cleansed" any target with someone else's blood and pain!..
“No, not that! Please, not this!!!" my wounded soul screamed like an animal cry. But I already knew that it was exactly like this... “Someone help me!!! Someone!”... But for some reason no one heard me... And did not help...
The heavy door opened... Wide-open gray eyes looked straight at me, full of inhuman pain...
In the middle of the familiar, death-smelling room, on a spiked, iron armchair, my beloved father sat, bleeding...
The blow turned out to be terrible!.. Screaming with a wild cry “No!!!”, I lost consciousness…
* Note: please do not confuse (!!!) with the Greek complex of Meteora monasteries in Kalambaka, Greece. Meteora in Greek means "hanging in the air", which fully corresponds to the stunning view of the monasteries, like pink mushrooms grown on the highest peaks of unusual mountains. The first monastery was built around 900. And between the 12th and 16th centuries there were already 24 of them. Only six monasteries have “survived” to this day, which still amaze tourists.
True, tourists do not know one very funny detail... There is another monastery in Meteora, in which the "curious" are not allowed... It was built (and gave rise to the rest) by a gifted fanatic who once studied in real Meteora and expelled from her. Angry at the whole world, he decided to build "his own Meteora" in order to collect the same "offended" as he was and lead his solitary life. How he did it is unknown. But since then, Masons began to gather in his Meteora for secret meetings. What happens once a year to this day.
Geographically, the Kumskaya HPP is located in Karelia, but the only line coming from the station connects it to the energy system of the Murmansk region.
Design and survey work began in 1951. At the same time, geological observations made a quarter of a century earlier became the basis for the construction of the hydroelectric station.
Initially, experts considered the underground location of the machine room. But the commissioning of an underground hydroelectric power station required two years more time due to complete unpreparedness for underground work. The possibility of an early commissioning of the station, despite the increase in the volume of earthworks, was decisive.
The construction of the HPP began in 1961, and 20 months later the HPP was brought to its full capacity of 80 MW.
Another unique feature of the Kuma HPP is that the station was planned to be serviced without operational personnel, on telecontrol. However, due to the lack of system solutions in the automation of control systems in the 1960s, the implementation of this idea was returned much later. Telecontrol and teleregulation equipment was introduced in 2009.
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