Uniform movement option 1. Rectilinear uniform movement

There are different types of mechanical movement. Depending on the shape of the trajectory, the movement can be rectilinear or curved. When moving, the speed of a body can remain constant or change over time. Depending on the nature of the speed change, the movement will be uniform or uneven.

Rectilinear movement is a movement in which the trajectory of a body (point) is a straight line. For example, driving a car along a section of road that has no ups, downs, or turns.

Uniform rectilinear motion is a motion in which a body travels the same paths over any equal periods of time and the direction of motion does not change. I.

If we compare the uniform motion of several bodies, we can note that the speed of change in their position in space can be different, which is characterized by a physical quantity called speed.

Speed ​​of uniform linear motion called a vector physical quantity equal to the ratio of the movement of a body to the time during which this movement occurred.

(1)

The SI unit of speed is meters per second (1m/c). The unit of speed is taken to be the speed of such uniform motion at which the body is 1 With makes a move 1 m.

In rectilinear uniform motion, the speed does not change over time.

Knowing the speed of uniform motion, you can find the displacement of the body over any period of time:

(2)

With uniform rectilinear motion, the velocity and displacement vectors are directed in one direction.

The main task of mechanics is to determine the position of a body at any moment in time, that is, to determine its coordinates. The equation of motion is the dependence of the coordinates of a body on time during uniform rectilinear motion.

The body has moved . Let's direct the X coordinate axis in the direction of body movement. x 0 – initial coordinate of the body, x– final coordinate of the body.

Thus, the coordinate of a body during uniform rectilinear motion at any time can be determined if its initial coordinate and the projection of the speed of movement onto the axis are known X. Projections of velocity and displacement can be either positive or negative.

The graph of the modulus of the velocity vector versus time for uniform motion is a straight line parallel to the abscissa axis. Indeed, over time, the speed during such movement remains constant.

Graph of body speed versus time with uniform motion V=const

In case of rectilinear uniform motion, the magnitude of the displacement vector is numerically equal to the area under the graph of displacement to the time axis.

The graph of the displacement of a body versus time during rectilinear uniform motion is a straight line passing through the origin of coordinates. Moreover, the steeper the movement graph, the greater the speed of the body.

Graph of the distance traveled by a body versus time

In case of rectilinear uniform motion, the magnitude of the velocity vector is numerically equal to the tangent of the angle of inclination of the displacement graph to the time axis.

Since the dependence of the body coordinates on time is a linear function, the corresponding dependence graph (motion graph) is a straight line. An example of constructing such a graph is shown in the figure.

Graph of body coordinates versus time

Physics. 9th grade. Didactic materials. Maron A.E., Maron E.A.

M.: 2014. - 128 p. M.: 2005. - 128 p.

This manual includes training tasks, tests for self-control, independent work, test papers and examples of solving typical problems. The proposed didactic materials are compiled in full accordance with the structure and methodology of the textbook by A.V. Peryshkin, M.E. Gutnik "Physics. 9th grade."

Format: pdf (2014 , 128 pp.)

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Format: pdf (2005 , 128 pp.)

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Content
Preface 3
TRAINING TASKS
TZ-1. Path and movement 5
TZ-2. Rectilinear uniform motion 6
TZ-3. Relativity of motion 8
TZ-4. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion 10
TZ-5. Newton's Laws 13
TZ-6. Free fall of bodies 16
TZ-7. The law of universal gravitation. Movement of a body in a circle. Artificial Earth satellites 17
TZ-8. Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum 19
TZ-9. Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound 20
TZ-10. Electromagnetic field 22
TZ-11. Structure of the atom and atomic nucleus 24
SELF-CONTROL TESTS
TS-1. Rectilinear uniform motion 25
TS-2. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion 28
TS-3. Newton's Laws 31
TS-4. Free fall of bodies 34
TS-5. The law of universal gravitation. Movement of a body in a circle. Artificial Earth satellites. ... 35
TC 6. Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum 38
TS-7. Mechanical vibrations 39
TS-8. Mechanical waves. Sound 42
TS-9. Electromagnetic field 45
TS-10. Structure of the atom and atomic nucleus 48
INDEPENDENT WORK
SR-1. Path and movement 52
SR-2. Rectilinear uniform motion 55
SR-3. Rectilinear uniform motion. Graphics tasks 58
SR-4. Relativity of motion 61
SR-5. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion 64
SR-6. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. Graphics tasks 66
SR-7. Newton's Laws 71
SR-8. Free fall of bodies 73
SR-9. The law of universal gravitation. Artificial satellites Earth 74
SR-10. Body movement in a circle 75
SR-11. Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum 77
SR-12. Mechanical vibrations 79
SR-13. Mechanical waves. Sound G 80
SR-14. Electromagnetic field 82
SR-15. Structure of the atom and atomic nucleus 86
TEST PAPERS
KR-1. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion 89
KR-2. Newton's Laws 93
KR-3. The law of universal gravitation. Movement of a body in a circle. Artificial Earth satellites 97
KR-4. Law of Conservation of Momentum 101
KR-5. Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
KR-6. Electromagnetic field 109
EXAMPLES OF SOLVING TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Laws of interaction and motion of bodies 113
Mechanical vibrations and waves 117
Electromagnetic field 118
ANSWERS
Training tasks 119
Self-control tests 120
Independent work 121
Tests 124
References 126

The manual includes training tasks (TZ), tests for self-control (TS), independent work (SR), tests (KR), examples of solving typical problems.
The educational kit provides for the organization of all the main stages of educational and cognitive activity of schoolchildren in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard: application and updating theoretical knowledge, self-monitoring of the quality of learning the material, the use of algorithms for solving problems, performing independent and control-evaluation work.
Training assignments (TZ 1 -11) for all sections of the 9th grade physics course contain a set of qualitative, experimental and graphic tasks aimed at developing leading concepts and basic laws of the course. The tasks are selected in such a way that they give the student the opportunity to comprehend the essential features of the concept, to consider a physical phenomenon at the level of facts, physical quantities and physical laws. The authors sought to compose training tasks as a small problem book, complementing the system of standard exercises in the textbook and allowing for the organization of differentiated classroom and homework.
Tests for self-control (TS 1 -10) with a choice of answers are intended for conducting operational lesson-based thematic control and self-control of knowledge. Depending on specific conditions (class preparation, organization of multi-level training, etc.), the teacher can vary the set of test tasks and determine the time for their completion.
Independent works (CP 1-15) contain 10 options and are designed for approximately 20 minutes each. In order to differentiate learning, it is recommended for more prepared students to combine options No. 7 and 8; 9 and 10.

TS -1 Rectilinear uniform motion.

Ioption.

1. A cyclist, moving uniformly, travels 20 m in 2 s. Determine how far he will travel when moving at the same speed in 10 s.

A. 60 m. B. 100 m. C. 150 m.

2
. The figure shows a graph of the path as a cyclist moves versus time. Using this graph, determine the distance traveled by the cyclist in the time interval from 1 to 4 s.

3. Using the graph, determine the speed of the cyclist at the moment in time t=2 s.

4
. The figure shows graphs of the motion of three bodies. Which of these bodies moves with the greatest absolute speed at the moment of time t=5 s?

5. Using the graph, determine the speed of movement of the first body at the moment of time t=5 s.

A. 2 s, 5 m.

B. 4 s, 10 m.

V. 5 s, 15 m.

7. Write down the equation of motion
second body on schedule.

A.
.

B.
.

IN.
.

9. The boat is sailing against the current of the river. What is the speed of the boat relative to the shore if the speed of the boat relative to the water is 4 m/s and the speed of the river current is 3 m/s?

A. 7 m/s. B. 5 m/s. V. 1 m/s.

10. The train traveled the first 40 km at a speed of 80 km/h, and the next 50 km at a speed of 100 km/h. Determine the average speed of the train along the entire route.

A. 95 km/h. B. 85 km/h. V. 90 km/h.

TS-1. Rectilinear uniform motion.

I
Ioption.

A car, moving uniformly, travels 50 m in 2 s. How far will he travel in 20 s, moving at the same speed?

A
. 500 m. B. 1000 m. H. 250 m.

2. Using the graph of the path versus time, determine the distance traveled by the body in a period of time from 3 to 5 s.

Using the graph, determine the speed of the body at the moment of time t=4 s.

4
. The figure shows graphs of the motion of three bodies. Which of these bodies is moving with the lowest speed at the moment of time t=2 s.

5. Using the motion graph, determine the speed of movement of the second body at time 6 s.

6. Using the motion schedule, determine the time and place of meeting of the first and second bodies.

A. 2 s, 10 m.

B. 1 s, 5 m.

7. Write down the equation of motion of the first body according to the graph.

A.
.

B.
.

IN.
.

8. The motion of a body is described by the equation
. Which graph shows the dependence of the coordinates of this body on time?

9. A subway escalator moves down at a speed of 0.7 m/s. What is the passenger's speed relative to the ground if he is walking upward at a speed of 0.7 m/s relative to the escalator?

A.0 m/s. B. 1.4 m/s. V. 1 m/s.

10. The car drove the first 20 km at a speed of 50 km/h, and the next 60 km at a speed of 100 km/h. Determine the average speed of the car along the entire journey.

A. 90 km/h. B. 80 km/h. V. 70 km/h.

This manual includes training tasks. tests for self-control, independent work, tests and examples of solving typical problems. The proposed didactic materials are compiled in full accordance with the structure and methodology of the textbook by A. V. Peryshkina, K. M. Gutnik “Physics. 9th grade."

TZ-1. Path and movement.
1. Indicate in which of the examples below the body can be considered a material point:
a) The Earth moving around the Sun;
b) The Earth rotating around its axis;
c) the Moon revolving around the Earth;
d) the Moon, on the surface of which the lunar rover moves;
e) a hammer thrown by an athlete;
e) a sports hammer, which is made on a machine.
2. What does a bus passenger determine by the numbers on the kilometer posts installed along the highway - the movement or the distance traveled by the bus?
3. Figure 1 shows the flight paths of projectiles. Are the distances traveled by the projectiles equal for these movements? moving?
4. A body thrown vertically upward from point A fell into the shaft (Fig. 2). What are the distance traveled by the body and the displacement module if AB = 15 m, BC - 18 m?
5. The athlete will have to run one lap (400 m). What is the displacement module equal to if he: a) ran 200 m of the path; b) finished? Consider the stadium track to be a circle.
6. The squirrel runs inside the wheel, being at the same height relative to the floor. Are the path and displacement equal for such a movement?

Preface.
TRAINING TASKS
TZ-1. Path and movement.
TZ-2. Rectilinear uniform motion.
TZ-3. Relativity of motion.
TZ-4. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
TZ-5. Newton's laws.
TZ-6. Free fall of bodies.
TZ-7. The law of universal gravitation. Body movement
TZ-8.Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum.
Law of energy conservation.
TZ-9. Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound.
TZ-10. Electromagnetic field.
TZ-11. The structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus.
SELF-CONTROL TESTS
TS-1. Rectilinear uniform motion.
TS-2. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
TS-3. Newton's laws.
TS-4. Free fall of bodies.
TS-5. The law of universal gravitation. Body movement
around the circumference. Artificial Earth satellites..
TS-6. Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum.
Law of energy conservation.
TS-7. Mechanical vibrations.
TS-8. Mechanical waves. Sound.
TS-9. Electromagnetic field.
TS-10. The structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus.
INDEPENDENT WORK
SR-1. Path and movement.
SR-2. Rectilinear uniform motion.
SR-3. Rectilinear uniform motion.
Graphics tasks.
SR-4. Relativity of motion.
SR-5. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion..
SR-6. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
Graphics tasks.
SR-7. Newton's laws.
SR-8. Free fall of bodies.
SR-9. The law of universal gravitation.
Artificial Earth satellites.
SR-10. Movement of a body in a circle.
SR-11. Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum.
Law of energy conservation.
SR-12. Mechanical vibrations.
SR-13. Mechanical waves. Sound.
SR-14. Electromagnetic field.
SR-15. The structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus.
TEST PAPERS
KR-1. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
KR-2. Newton's laws.
KR-3. The law of universal gravitation. Body movement
around the circumference. Artificial Earth satellites.
KR-4. Law of conservation of momentum.
Law of energy conservation.
KR-5. Mechanical vibrations and waves.
KR-6. Electromagnetic field.
EXAMPLES OF SOLVING TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Laws of interaction and movement of bodies.
Mechanical vibrations and waves.
Electromagnetic field.
ANSWERS
Training tasks.
Tests for self-control.
Independent work.
Test papers.
Bibliography.

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