Row. How to distinguish the poisonous gray row from edible mushrooms Edible rows, photo and description

There are more than 2,500 species of rowers, most of which are edible or conditionally edible, and only a small part of them are poisonous. One of these mushrooms is the sulfur-yellow row, which will be discussed in this article.

The opinions of mycological specialists regarding the sulfur-yellow row mushroom vary greatly. Some consider it poisonous, others simply inedible. In Russia, this mushroom is classified as poisonous species, which is mildly toxic. Still, it is worth saying that in most reference books intended for identifying and describing fruiting bodies, the sulfur-yellow row is considered inedible. At the same time, other sources indicate that the mushroom is poisonous, although not fatal. The worst that can happen from eating this fruiting body is mild poisoning in the form of intestinal upset, without death.

False sulfur grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, often on the soil, sometimes on fallen trees and stumps that are covered with moss.

Fruiting of the mushroom begins in mid-August and continues until the first frost.

Important to remember! Since the description of the poisonous representative of the family of rowanaceae is very similar to the description of the edible greenfinch, they should be collected only by those who can accurately identify an edible specimen from an inedible one. Therefore, if you are not sure what kind of mushroom is in front of you, do not risk cutting it off. Being careful in this matter will help you avoid the unpleasant consequences that false rows can cause.

To get acquainted, we suggest you look detailed description sulfur-yellow rows and photos.





Latin name: Tricholoma sulphureum.

Family: Ordinary.

Synonyms: sulfur row, false sulfur row.

Hat: diameter varies from 3 to 8 cm, some specimens reach 10 cm. First this part The fruiting body has a convex or hemispherical shape. With age, the cap becomes flat-convex with a depression in the central part. The surface of the cap has a sulfur-yellow color, which over time acquires a brown tint with faintly defined fibers. It is velvety to the touch, but slippery in wet weather. This feature is clearly presented in the photo of a sulfur-yellow row taken after the rain:

Leg: the height varies from 3 to 12 cm, and the thickness from 0.5 to 2 cm. Sometimes it has a thickening in the upper part or, on the contrary, thinning. The color of the stem under the caps is bright yellow, becoming sulfur-yellow towards the bottom. At a more mature age, longitudinal single-color or dark fibers are noticeable on the surface. The legs of older specimens are curved and sometimes densely covered with brown scales.

Pulp: the color may be sulfur-yellow or with a greenish tint. The latter color feature leads to the fact that the false sulfur row is confused with the greenfinch - an edible mushroom. The smell of the pulp is very unpleasant, reminiscent of acetylene or tar, sometimes hydrogen sulfide or lamp gas. The taste of the pulp of the sulfur-yellow row is bitter.

Records: adherent to the stem and notched, with an uneven edge. According to the description of the sulfur-yellow row, its plates are quite rare, thick and wide. They have a sulfur-yellow color, with the same colored edge.

Disputes: white, almond-shaped, often irregular in shape.

Application: It is not used in cooking, as it is considered an inedible mushroom.

Edibility: inedible or poisonous mushroom low toxicity, can cause mild gastric poisoning. As already noted, this type rowing has a pungent odor, reminiscent of hydrogen sulfide, as well as an unpleasant bitter taste.

Similarities and differences: Often this type of fruiting body is confused with edible rows - isolated, earthy-gray, gray and yellow-red. Pay attention to the photo of the sulfur false row to make it easier to distinguish from other species. Sometimes the rower can be confused with the greenfinch, but it is much larger in size, with frequent plates and white or yellowish flesh.

Spreading: usually prefers deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. Grows in clumps or rows, resembling "witch circles", in rich limestone and sandy soils. It often forms mycorrhiza with beech and oak, and a little less often with fir and pine. The sulfur-yellow row can often be found on roadsides, in park areas and even in summer cottages.

The row mushroom ripens from August to October. It can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. In one clearing, up to several hundred fruiting bodies grow, forming rounded rows. Because of this feature, the accumulation of mushrooms is popularly nicknamed. In order not to accidentally get poisoned, you need to know how to distinguish the gray poisonous row from the conditionally edible one.

Characteristics and description

Like other cap-footed mushrooms, the body of the row consists of a stem and a cap. Both parts can take different forms, and their shades often vary. The upper part of a young row can be in the form of a ball, cone, bell or flattened hemisphere. The size of the cap in diameter for young mushrooms is 3−4 cm, for adults it is 15−20 m or more.

The older the mushroom, the flatter its cap becomes. At the edges it can be either flat or curved inward or outward. Sometimes there is a small bulge left in the center, but in some species there is none. The mushroom has a skin that comes off in thin strips when pulled. The surface of the cap can be:

Depending on the species, the color of the fruiting body varies from white to green and brown. Also, the top of the mushroom can be bright red, red-gray, brown, green, pale yellow, dirty red, etc. This species is characterized by a change in shade during the process of ripening and aging.

The row forms a stalk 3−10 cm high. In a young mushroom it has a thickness of 0.7−0.8 cm, in an old one it reaches 2.3 cm. Sometimes the stalk grows the same throughout its entire height, but it also happens that it narrows or expands up. There are also mushrooms with club-shaped bases.

The color of the flesh of the leg is usually brownish, gray-pink or pink-brown, but only in the middle and lower parts. Under the cap itself there is a small area that is lighter than the rest of the mushroom. In some subspecies, a protective ring is located in the same place - what remains of the fibrous cover covering the plates. The surface of the leg can be velvety, covered with scales (which makes it appear fluffy), fibrous or completely smooth.

During the ripening period, the row forms white, light gray or colorless spores. A spore powder of brown, brown or white color is formed from the fruiting body.

Places of growth

The generic name of the gray row is Tricholoma. This group includes many species, including poisonous and conditionally edible. They also occur, and the second group is not toxic to humans, but does not represent nutritional value. Thus, all varieties of tricholoma are divided into 4 groups. From the point of view of botanists, Ryadovka is a lamellar above-ground mushroom, the genus is Agaricaceae, the family is Ryadovka or Tricholomaceae.

The pulp of the fruiting body exudes a light fruity aroma and tastes slightly sweet. The color can be light gray, gray-lilac, pale purple, white. Purple-legged mushrooms often grow where there is a lot of ash, but they can also be found in other forests, as well as in grassy steppes. In years with favorable weather, fruiting begins in mid-spring and continues until the second ten days of October.

Earthy gray

The plates are wide, often located, almost white in young specimens, brownish or red-brown in old specimens. The pulp has a delicate aroma characteristic of edible mushrooms, and has a nutty flavor. At the fracture, the mushroom is white; after a while, the damaged area becomes light red or yellow. Colossus rower forms a mycorrhizal symbiosis with pine, common in Russia, Japan, North Africa and some European countries. Fruiting begins in early or mid-August and continues throughout September.

Honey fungus

Another type of rowing is called nut honey fungus. It is known as brown, red-brown and yellow-brown. This mushroom is suitable for consumption, but even after prolonged heat treatment the pulp is slightly bitter. In young specimens the cap is slightly convex, less often rounded, and becomes flat with age. There is a small bulge in the middle. In the first days, the skin is smooth and sticky, then it becomes rough and covered with scales. The cap grows up to 15 cm in diameter, is colored light brown at the edges, darker in the center, with a red tint.

This species grows only in birch forests. Peak fruiting occurs in August and September. The brown row has white, loose pulp with a mealy taste and aroma. The plates are yellowish, can be located either sparsely or frequently, and as the fungus ages, they acquire a brown color. The leg is yellow-brown below, white above interspersed with brown fibers.

These are the most common varieties of rowing suitable for consumption. According to their descriptions, they can be easily distinguished from poisonous and inedible.

(in some sources referred to as sulfur row) grows in coniferous forests (with the presence of pine or fir) and deciduous forests (with the presence of oak or beech). It grows from the last ten days of August to the second ten days of October. Found in groups on stumps and soil.

The cap, with a diameter of 4 to 8 cm, has at first a hemispherical convex shape, then a thin, fleshy, slightly tuberculate, prostrate, velvety to the touch. The color is sulfur-yellow, closer to the middle it is ocher or slightly brownish.

The plates are notched, sparse, rather thick and have a sulfur-yellow or green-yellow color.

The cylindrical leg reaches a length of 6-10 cm and a diameter of up to 1 cm. Sometimes the leg is slightly widened towards the base, sometimes, on the contrary, slightly narrowed. At the top yellow color, below - sulfur-yellow, with noticeable longitudinal fibers. In adult specimens, the lower part may be covered with brownish scales.

The pulp is dense, yellow, and has a strong unpleasant odor, reminiscent of a mixture of hydrogen sulfide with tar or a mixture of acetylene with flour. The taste is bitter and unpleasant.

Due to the terrible smell it is not suitable for food. Weakly poisonous. If consumed, may cause mild intestinal upset.

Photos of the sulfur-yellow row (Tricholoma sulphureum)

(Tricholoma sulphureum)

The opinions of mycologists regarding the sulfur-yellow row are divided - some of them consider it inedible, some are poisonous. In our country, this mushroom is considered poisonous.

Habitats:

The mushroom grows in both coniferous and deciduous forests. Found on the ground and on tree stumps. The fruiting period lasts from August to October.

Features:

The shape of the cap of young mushrooms is conical, with a tubercle. As it matures it becomes plano-convex. Its color is bright sulfur-yellow, darker in the center, slightly lighter at the edges. Grows up to 3-10 cm in diameter.

The pulp is sulfur-yellow or greenish in color and has an unpleasant, tarry, hydrogen sulfide odor. The plates are sparse and thick, sulfur-yellow or green-yellow in color. Spore powder is white.

The stem is cylindrical, often curved, and whitish-sulfur-yellow in color. It grows in size up to 5-8 cm in length and up to 7-10 mm in width.

Poisonous toxins and signs of poisoning:

Signs of poisoning by sulfur-yellow grass are the most common, those observed in case of poisoning: pain in the abdomen, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting. With immediate first aid and consultation with a doctor, complete recovery occurs.

Often confused:

This mushroom is very often confused with such edible mushrooms, like: earthy-gray row, isolated row, yellow-red row, etc. Often confused with greenfinch, but

The row mushroom, a photo and description of which can be seen below, has long been valued by mushroom pickers. But it is also fraught with danger, because there are edible and inedible rows, therefore, when collecting these mushrooms, you need to be very careful and careful. Edible rows are often found in temperate forests and bear fruit in large groups during the autumn period. Peak fruiting occurs in September and early October.

The row mushroom has long been valued by mushroom pickers

Most often found in forests are purple rower, gray, lilac-legged, giant, as well as crowded and yellow-red. The gray and crowded rows are famous because of their taste qualities. The yellow-red one is not as tasty, however, all types of edible rows are worth trying.

It is also called titmouse or cyanosis. Distinctive feature This mushroom is characterized by a change in the color of the cap during ripening. The initially bright purple or even brown cap becomes pale purple with a brownish tint when ripe. The shape of the cap also changes: initially it looks like a hemisphere, but then it becomes spread out or even concave, while the edges are still curved down. The stem of the mushroom is cylindrical, its height ranges from 3 to 8 cm, and its diameter ranges from 0.7 to 2 cm.

The flesh of the mushroom is dense and has a strong aroma. You can find purple row mushrooms almost anywhere, but most of them are in coniferous and mixed forests. In such forests, rows should be looked for in open areas for humus. These mushrooms grow in groups or circles. They are frost-resistant and grow until late autumn.

Under no circumstances should you collect these mushrooms in the city, because they very actively absorb various types of pollutants, especially heavy metals.

You can cook blueberries in any way, but it is advisable to cook them a little before cooking. These mushrooms are very useful, they contain a lot of vitamins, and they are also used to prepare some antibiotics. You can see what the bluish marks look like in photo 1.

Poplar row mushrooms (video)

Lilac-legged rower

Because of the characteristic color of the leg, it is also called blueleg. She also changes the shape of her hat from a hemisphere to a completely flat one. The cap is large, reaching 15-16 cm or more in diameter. The taste of bluelegs is very similar to champignons. Fruiting of these mushrooms occurs from March to June, and then from October until frost. You can find this row at the edge of the forest, in the grass, in the meadows. You can see it in photo 2.

Like the blueberry, the purple-legged row should be boiled before cooking, then it can be prepared in any way: boiled, fried, pickled or sealed in jars.

Poplar row

This is another autumn representative of the family, bearing fruit from late August to November. It got its name from the fact that it can often be found next to poplar trees. The fact is that poplar row is a mushroom that has the ability to form mycorrhiza with the roots of this tree.

The cap of this row has a round shape, its diameter ranges from 6-12 cm. The cap is somewhat slippery, so it is often covered with moss. Its color can be red or brown; over time, cracks appear at the edges and it changes its shape to a flat one. The leg is brownish in color, very fleshy. You can find this mushroom in deciduous forests, where poplar grows.

Pulp under the skin poplar row reddish. Its taste is mealy and can sometimes be bitter. Poplar rows can be grown indoors, but certain conditions must be provided. These include high humidity, a natural light source and the presence of fresh air. The temperature should be about 12-15 °C.

Green row

In common parlance it is often called greenfinch. It received this name due to the fact that even after heat treatment the fruit body retains its greenish color. As a rule, it grows in pine needles, only the cap is visible from the outside. Usually grows late autumn small colonies; other mushrooms are difficult to find in the forest at this time. Like other representatives of this family, the green row has a rounded cap, which straightens with age. The hat has clearly visible fibrous rays that spread out to the edges. The diameter ranges from 4 to 12 cm. The mushroom itself is very fragile, the flesh is white or yellowish, and has a nutty flavor.

Greenfinch is considered conditionally edible. This does not mean that the green row is poisonous, but precautions must be taken when preparing it. These mushrooms are usually prepared salted and dried. They are also very tasty fresh, but require proper heat treatment. Before cooking, the mushroom must be washed well and the skin removed from the cap.

Greenfinch has its own counterpart: the greenfly is poisonous and unsuitable for consumption, so you need to be very careful when collecting. You should not overuse greenfinches, as they are considered mushrooms that are difficult for the stomach.

Gray row (video)

Gray row

Another representative of the row family is the gray row mushroom. His hat is dark gray, sometimes with a purple tint. Its dimensions reach 4-10 cm. In young mushrooms it is very smooth, but over time it becomes rotten and no longer looks so attractive. The leg is usually high, up to 10 cm in height, and quite wide. The pulp is white, sometimes it can be pale gray in color, very pleasant to the taste. These mushrooms are harvested from October to November. Sometimes they can be found in December. Mushrooms choose pine forests as their habitat and grow there in large groups. Greenfinches can often be found next to the colonies of the sulfur row.

Remember that the description of the mushroom is similar to poisonous members of the family, so they should only be collected by those who can accurately distinguish this species from others.

Thus, the family of rower family is very diverse, and if you have knowledge, you will reap a good harvest in the forest, which you can please both yourself and your loved ones. These mushrooms can be consumed both fresh and dried. You can close them in a jar, it makes an excellent seal. Unfortunately, among the edible, tasty members of the family there are also poisonous ones that can cause harm to health. It is very important to follow the collection rules, and then these mushrooms will delight you with their taste.

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