Narrow-nosed monkeys. The meaning of broad-nosed monkeys in the Brockhaus and Efron encyclopedia Anthropological Explanatory Dictionary
Of these, one of the most primitive forms is omo-mis. The penetration of the ancestors of these monkeys into South America must have taken place back in the Paleocene, when there was an isthmus between the northern and southern halves of the American continent, which was later destroyed and then formed again in a different form.
Developing completely independently in America, broad-nosed monkeys, in the processes of adaptation to life in trees and natural selection, reached high level evolution (brain) and peculiar specialization (prehensile tail), as can be seen in many capuchin monkeys. An example of extreme specialization is the koat with its complete reduction of the thumb, extreme elongation of the other fingers, greater length of the forelimbs than the hind limbs, convergence of the hair to the elbow, unusually prehensile tail and a very thin physique. The koat's brain is very highly developed, which is due not only to the relatively large size of its body, but also to the development of grasping functions. It is impossible to imagine the development of man from the American Cebus monkeys. This is especially true for marmosets with their primitive brain and peculiar specialization - cog-like nails.
Lesser narrow-nosed monkeys
Fossil monkeys are known in a fairly large number of forms from the Lower Oligocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Old World. Their oldest representative is Apidiumphiomense, known from the Lower Oligocene of Fayyum (Egypt) from a fragment of the lower jaw, with P 4 and M_ 3; M, and Mj square, SCH elongated, on M there is still a paraconid, on M and M 3 hypoconulids are strongly developed.
Oreopithecus bambolii is known from fragments of the lower and upper jaw from the Lower Pliocene
b" Tuscany (Italy) and Bessarabia. Dental formula 2 12 3/ 212 3, like other narrow-nosed animals, the upper M are square in shape, the protocone and metacone are connected by an oblique ridge, the lower M are elongated, the metaconid and hypoconid are connected by an oblique ridge; on the large talonid M 3 there are 4 tubercles - hypoconid, entoconid, hypoconulid and “sixth tubercle”. Apidium and Oreopithecus belong to the subfamily Marmosetaceae.
Other fossil monkeys belong to macaques and baboons, which were once more widespread throughout the Old World: remains of macaques from the Pliocene layers are known in France, India, China, from the Pleistocene - in Italy, Germany, and about. Sardinia, in North Africa (Algeria) and on the island of Java; baboons are known from the Pliocene layers of Africa (Algeria, Egypt) and Asia (India, China), from the Pleistocene layers - in India.
Mesopithecus pentelici is known from most of its skeleton from the Lower Pliocene layers of Greece, Hungary, Moldavia and Persia. The length of the body with tail is about 80 cm. According to some characteristics (relative massiveness of the skeleton), the mesopithecus is closer to macaques, and according to others (skull, teeth) - to the thin bodies, to which it belongs. Fossil slender bodies also include Dolichopithecus ruscinensis from France, with | shorter and more massive limbs than those of their own slender bodies, various fossil species of which are known from France, Italy, and India.
The question of the origin of the Old World monkeys is very difficult. At one time, there was intense debate about the possibility of the direct origin of monkeys from lemurs - in connection with the discovery of archaeolemurs, the skull of which in appearance shows significant similarities with monkeys. However, differences, including differences in the shape of the braincase cavity, indicated that in this case there was convergence. More likely to happen
The walking of the Old World monkeys is similar to the tarsiers, and as an example of the original form* the non-crolemur can be called. Similarities between necrolemurs and monkeys can include: expansion of the base of the skull, reduction of the process lower jaw with simultaneous thickening and rounding of its angle, the formation of the ear canal in the form of a tube, formations of the posterior wall of the orbit, the emerging formation of bitubercularity of pre-molars, the square shape of the upper molars, the presence of a hypoconulid, reduction of the paraconid, pits and grooves on the trigonnde. On the other hand, one of the most ancient forms of monkeys of the Old World - Parapithecus - shows some similarities with the tarsier, mafP BMe P" n 0 a strong degree of divergence of the lower jaw - Narrow-nosed monkeys developed* 1 "from the Ancient tarsiers of the Old World of the necrolemu type^ 08 "probably in the middle of the Eocene or at its beginning. For the lower narrow-nosed apes, an example of an ancestral form can be Anidium from the Lower Oligocene, as well as from Parapithecus (from the same layers), which, on the other hand, is closer to the branches of apes. This is the ancestral form for all later apes and thus represents the Lower Oligocene for hominids. propliopithecus. From him the line of development of “small apes” such as gibbons went in one direction; on this line one of the intermediate links is Pliopithecus. In the other direction of Propliopithecus went the line of large fossil apes, represented in the Miocene by Sivapithecus, Dryopithecus and other forms.
Superfamily Broad-nosed monkeys - Ceboidea includes American monkeys, from the group of great apes. With the exception of humans, broad-nosed monkeys are the only primates living on the American continent. Their habitat extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. On islands Caribbean Sea Previously, there were several now extinct species belonging to the group of Antillean monkeys (Xenotrochini).
Most people have a wide nasal septum, with nostrils set wide apart and facing outward. Body length from 13 cm (pygmy marmoset) to 75 cm (howler monkey), tail from 19 cm (pygmy marmoset) to 90 cm (koata); Some have a prehensile tail. They do not have cheek pouches or ischial calluses. The fur is thick and varied in color. Teeth 32 (marmosets) or 36 (cebus). Broad-nosed monkeys include 1 superfamily, combining 2 families: marmosets and cebus monkeys (or cebids).
They lead an arboreal, diurnal (except for Mirikini), gregarious lifestyle; some live in small family groups.
The oldest fossil finds of broad-nosed monkeys date back to the Oligocene era. In relation to the other two infraorders of dry-nosed monkeys, they are more closely related to the Old World monkeys than to the tarsiers. It is likely that the ancestors of this taxon crossed the Atlantic Ocean on floating logs in an era when the distance between the continents was not yet so great.
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Broad-nosed monkeys are the only non-human primates living on the American continent. Their range extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. Several now extinct species previously existed on the islands of the Caribbean Sea, belonging to the group of Antillean monkeys ( Xenotrochini). Unlike Old World monkeys, broad-nosed monkeys have forward-facing nostrils and generally larger and wider noses. The size and weight of broad-nosed monkeys varies widely. The smallest representative of this infraorder is the pygmy marmoset, weighing only 100 g, and the largest are howler monkeys and some species of spider monkeys, whose weight exceeds 10 kg. All New World monkeys live in trees and, with the exception of nocturnal monkeys, are active during the day. The oldest fossil finds of broad-nosed monkeys date back to the Oligocene era. In relation to the other two infraorders of dry-nosed monkeys, they are more closely related to the Old World monkeys than to the tarsiers. It is likely that the ancestors of this taxon crossed the Atlantic Ocean on floating logs in an era when the distance between the continents was not yet so great.
ClassificationNew World monkeys are divided into five families:
The identity of the extinct Antillean monkeys has not yet been fully elucidated, but most often they are classified as members of the Saka monkey family. ChronogramWrite a review about the article "Broad-nosed monkeys"Literature
LinksAn excerpt characterizing the Broad-nosed Monkeys– I know what you saw... I watched it many times. But they are happy now, we go to look at them very often... And at their “former” ones too... - the “sad knight” said quietly.And only then I realized that Stella, simply, when he wanted it, transferred him to his own past, just like she had just done!!! And she did it almost playfully!.. I didn’t even notice how this wonderful, bright girl began to “tie me to her” more and more, becoming for me almost a real miracle, which I endlessly wanted to watch... And whom I didn’t want to leave at all... Then I knew almost nothing and couldn’t do anything except what I could understand and learn myself, and I really wanted to learn at least something from her while there was still such an opportunity. - Please come to me! – Stella, suddenly saddened, whispered quietly, “you know that you can’t stay here yet... Grandma said that you won’t stay for a very, very long time... That you can’t die yet.” But you come... Everything around suddenly became dark and cold, as if black clouds had suddenly covered such a colorful and bright Stella world... - Oh, don’t think about such terrible things! – the girl was indignant, and, like an artist with a brush on a canvas, she quickly “painted over” everything again in a light and joyful color. - Well, is this really better? – she asked contentedly. “Was it really just my thoughts?..” I didn’t believe it again. - Surely! – Stella laughed. “You’re strong, so you create everything around you in your own way.” – How then to think?.. – I still couldn’t “enter” the incomprehensible. “Just shut up and show only what you want to show,” my amazing friend said, as a matter of course. “My grandmother taught me that.” I thought that apparently it was time for me, too, to “shock” my “secret” grandmother a little, who (I was almost sure of this!) probably knew something, but for some reason did not want to teach me anything yet.. . “So you want to see what happened to Harold’s loved ones?” – the little girl asked impatiently. To be honest, I didn’t have too much desire, since I wasn’t sure what to expect from this “show.” But in order not to offend the generous Stella, she agreed. – I won’t show you for a long time. I promise! But you should know about them, right?.. – the girl said in a happy voice. - Look, the son will be first... To my great surprise, unlike what I had seen before, we found ourselves in a completely different time and place, which was similar to France, and the clothes were reminiscent of the eighteenth century. A beautiful covered carriage was driving along a wide cobbled street, inside of which were sitting a young man and a woman in very expensive suits, and apparently in a very bad mood... The young man stubbornly proved something to the girl, and she, not listening to him at all, hovered calmly somewhere in your dreams than young man very annoying... |
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In the early Tertiary period, in the Eocene, monkeys lived in Europe and North America. Then the climate there was more suitable for them. Now they inhabit only Central and South America, Africa and South Asia.
The apes, now separated by oceans, have much in common. All have round, human-type ears. Bare or slightly hairy face. The skull is relatively large, even compared to lemurs. For example, the pygmy galago and the clawed monkey are equally small, but the brain of the former is almost three times smaller!
And these famous lines of “life”, “heart” and “mind”, the hillocks of “Jupiter”, “Mercury”, “Apollo”, the plains of “Mars” and other “mystical” signs on the palms of the hands, from the design of which palmists predict fate, wealth and other things! If they are right, then it means that every monkey is destined by fate to have the same successes and failures in life. After all, their hairless palms and soles of their feet are lined with the same purely individual pattern of lines and furrows as those of humans. So individual and unique that forensics can take fingerprints from monkeys, like people.
Moreover, even the bare grasping and tactile “soles” from below at the end of the tail are striated in the same way.
Having talked about grabbing tails, we come to those morphological points that separate the monkeys of the Old and New Worlds. For only American monkeys have tails, transformed by evolution into a fifth hand. But not all: four genera and about 14 species - howler monkeys, arachnids and woolly monkeys. Capuchin monkeys can also grab various objects with their tails, pull them towards them or drag them behind them (for example, a bowl of food!). But capuchins do not have a bare “sole” from below at the end of the tail.
Among the Old World monkeys, only young gwenons and adult mangabeys can hang with their tails wrapped around a branch.
Many zoologists call American monkeys broad-nosed, and Old World monkeys - narrow-nosed. In the first, the nostrils are separated by a wide partition and look slightly to the sides. In the second, the nasal septum is narrow, the nostrils are close together and directed forward. But this division is not clear enough, because there are species with an intermediate structure of the nostrils: for example, durukuli is a broad-nosed monkey according to zoological rank, but nevertheless a narrow-nosed one, and gibbons are quite broad-nosed.
American monkeys never have the ischial calluses that so disgrace the rear areas of baboons, monkeys, macaques and gibbons. They also do not have cheek pouches, which are well developed in baboons, monkeys, macaques and underdeveloped in thin-bodied monkeys.
American monkeys are primarily vegetarians, but eat insects and small vertebrates. Howler monkeys are exclusively leaf beetles. And in this they are reminiscent of the Kolob monkeys of the Old World, and among lemurs - the indri.
The thumbs on the hands, but not on the toes, of American monkeys (with the exception of a few species, such as saki and uakari) are not able to protrude as widely as those of Old World monkeys, opposing themselves to other fingers and forming firmly grasping “pincers”.
Broad-nosed monkeys, in addition to those with claws, have more teeth. They have 36 teeth, while the narrow-nosed ones have 32 teeth. For the first, pregnancy is six months, and for the second, six to eight; for apes, 230-290 days.
The superfamily of broad-nosed monkeys has two families: Capuchinidae (with six subfamilies):
mirikins and titi - 9 species,
saki and uakari - 7 types,
howler monkeys - 6 species,
capuchins and saimiri - 6 species,
koats and woolly monkeys - 8 species,
jumping tamarins - 1 species;
clawed, or marmoset, monkeys (marmosets, marmosets, tamarins) - 33 species.
Mirikina, or durukuli, is the only monkey in the world that has likened its lifestyle to that of an owl: at night it terrorizes sleepy birds, frogs, lizards, spiders, and insects. It eats fruits and sucks nectar. She sees excellently in the dark, and her night attacks are so unmistakable that she even grabs flying insects in an acrobatic leap.
Myrikins hunt in pairs, a male and a female, and sleep together during the day. At night and especially in the morning twilight, the jungles of the Amazon and Orinoco resound with the discordant concerts of the Mirikin. You can hear a dog barking, a cat meowing, even the roar of a jaguar, and sometimes quiet, melodious chirping and chirping. Researchers counted more than fifty sounds of different tones and characters in the voice of these monkeys, the acoustic power of which is not at all proportional to the strength and height of the animal: the weight of the durukuli is 500-1000 grams, the length without a tail is 24-37 centimeters.
The reason is in the resonators - the expanded trachea and the air sac under the durukuli's chin. In addition, the monkey purses its lips into a mouthpiece when it screams.
Relatives of the durukuli - titi monkeys scream just as loudly in the morning.
Titi - four, eight or even ten species, according to various authorities. How many in reality is difficult to establish, since the South American forests are still poorly explored, and the intraspecific variability of many monkeys is too great. The titi's nails are elongated in a claw-like manner, like those of clawed monkeys, but all other features and lifestyle (but diurnal) are like those of the durukuli.
Titi has an interesting way of guarding prey: they sit across the branch, legs and arms tucked together, and a long tail dropping down. From this seemingly inconvenient position for an attack, a lightning-fast throw grabs running or flying prey.
Saki - inhabitants of damp large-trunked forests of the interior regions South America. Many of the places where they live are flooded for a long time by the flooded great rivers of the Amazon. But monkeys don’t like dampness. Therefore, most of their living space is limited to the tops of the forest. And so life forced them to learn to jump so far and deftly, which not every monkey can do. But if they happen to descend to the ground, and they always descend with their tails first, carefully and without undue haste, then sakis usually walk on their hind legs, balancing with their front legs, which they lift up.
Zoos have noticed that sakis love to rub their fur with pieces of lemon. And they drink like this: they dip their hand in water and then lick it.
Uakari are from the same subfamily as saki. These are the shortest-tailed American monkeys. Only the large uakari, of which there are three species, has a tail longer than one third of the body. For others it is 9-15 centimeters. Uakari and the most “human-like” of all American monkeys. With their sad, lost expression on their naked, apoplectic-red face and bald forehead, they resemble a hypochondriac who has grown old early and has lost all hope.
However, the character of the uakari is lively and cheerful. Appearance, as often happens, is misleading here too. They are not at all apathetic, they often become enraged and then vigorously and strongly shake the branch on which they are sitting, and threateningly, loudly smack their lips.
Even the thunderous roar of a lion is not as loud as the cry of a howler monkey - although the largest monkey in America, it is relatively small. The length of her body without a tail is a meter, and her weight is, at best, 8 kilograms. Usually the oldest male “sings”, then the second in rank. Then suddenly the whole flock begins to emit such screams that even if you cover your ears, you risk going deaf. The nearest flock immediately echoes the neighbors, and the wild concert sometimes sounds for hours. In it one can hear the roar of a lion, the roar of a tiger, the cries of “a-hyu, a-hyu,” and up to eight other less loud vocal “phrases.” Howler monkeys usually scream in the mornings and evenings, as well as during the day and even at night, since they often do not sleep at night.
In the thick of the forest, the screams of howler monkeys can be heard two kilometers away, and in the open, even five kilometers away!
Of course, they have powerful vocal cords, but this is not enough; they also need a megaphone and a resonator. The mouthpiece is the flexible lips of monkeys, which howler monkeys fold into a funnel. Here's a megaphone for you. And the resonator is a swollen, hollow... hyoid bone: a completely unusual model among all the resonators invented by nature over millions of years.
Different species of howler monkeys live from southern Mexico to Paraguay. Coat color varies greatly, but usually three types predominate: black, yellowish-brown and bright red. The tenacious tail is so strong that a howler, having grabbed a branch with it, can jump to the nearest branch without the help of arms and legs.
They don’t like to jump, but run and climb branches, but so quickly that a person chasing them on the ground will not keep up and will lag behind.
One young howler monkey, who lived with the man who raised him, was very fond of carrots. It was funny to see what he did when he was shown various botanical books with illustrations. He ignored many vegetables and fruits that were unappetizing, in his opinion, but as soon as he saw a carrot, he immediately tried to snatch it from the book with his hand. This, naturally, did not succeed, then he reached out to her with his mouth. He licked the drawing and apparently found some satisfaction in this.
"Of all the American monkeys, capuchins resemble Old World monkeys in appearance and behavior. They do not have special formations, such as the huge eyes of night monkeys, the shaggy coat of the saki, the claws of tamarins, the excessively long limbs of spider monkeys and the bare grasping "sole" at the end of the tail or the powerful scream-amplifying devices of howler monkeys.Capuchins are to a certain extent “completely normal monkeys in the average understanding of the word” (Dietrich Heinemann).
Capuchins are the most “intelligent” of the American monkeys, which in this sense are very inferior to the Old World monkeys. Capuchins live, there are four species of them, from Honduras to Northern Argentina.
Not everyone even apes They know how, like Capuchins, they can take a stone in their hand and crack nuts with it. Capuchins have an innate habit of hitting everything with hard objects. If there are no hard nuts at hand, they hit the bars and glass of the enclosure with stones.
Capuchins, like pangolins and many birds, rub their fur with ants and, like a hedgehog, lubricate it with saliva. They are attracted to odorous substances. They rub themselves diligently with onions, oranges, lemons and even cologne, if they can get their hands on it.
A little like the hoods of Capuchin monks, the hair on the head of some species of Capuchins puffs up, forming “hairstyles” in the form of crests, caps, horns and combs. Capuchins with a "coiffure" are usually brown, without any bright spots. Without "hair" - with white trim around the muzzle or on the shoulders, throat and top of the arms, for example the Steller's capuchin. However, the coloration of different subspecies, races, and ages is highly variable, which often puts taxonomists in great difficulty.
Capuchins avoid long journeys: the territory of the flock is limited to only a few hundred meters and is heavily “perfumed” with marking odors. Having arrived at a place rich in fruits or insects, members of the flock often scatter in all directions and quite far away. But they do not lose sound contact with each other, constantly shouting clear signals and messages to them alone. During the day it is time to rest, and then they get together again. The old ones doze, but the young people usually have fun and jump around, so the elders often have to shout loudly to order them.
Of the New World monkeys, the Saimiri are the closest to the capuchins.
They are brightly colored. The saimiri squirrel has a white pattern on its face, somewhat similar to that creepy image of a skull that we often see on power poles and other places where a warning about mortal danger is necessary. That’s why this monkey is sometimes called “dead-headed.”
Dense forests along the banks of rivers are the favorite places for the Saymiri to settle. Like capuchins, they rarely walk on the ground. Like capuchins, they rub themselves with odorous juices and, before eating any fruit, crush it, crush it, pressing it between the leaves, or beat it with their tail. Saymiri is ready for various inventions, fun, and games. They are playful and very curious.
“Cheerful, overwhelmed, talkative kids suddenly burst into the tents, opened all the drawers and boxes, turned over every item, slipped into the kitchen, pulled out freshly baked bread from the still hot mold. Although five men tried to drive them away with brooms and other harmless weapons, they stole everything edible . They were not afraid. They did not pay attention to people, of course, only because they did not yet know bipeds" (Ivan Sanderson).
So the Saymiri plundered the explorer’s camp. These monkeys do not walk alone, always in dozens, hundreds. Sanderson once counted 550 saimiri in Guiana, who, one after another in an endless row, galloped through a narrow clearing of the forest.
The cry of the saimiri sounds almost like a flute. But when the whole flock quarrels, especially in the evenings over the central places in the trees where they sleep (no one wants to stay on the edge!), they make such a noise that from a distance it seems as if surf waves are splashing on the shore.
Males of saimiri have a strange and, in our opinion, obscene manner of threatening the enemy: they, rising on their feet, flaunt what people, even in paintings, usually hide even under a fig leaf.
Saimiris are similar in many ways to capuchins. They also lubricate themselves with urine, but they prefer to “scent” not their hands, but their body, and especially the end of their tail, which for this reason is always wet. Like capuchins, they have attracted the interest of animal psychologists. But it’s difficult to keep them in captivity (capuchins tolerate it easily).
The brain of the Saimiri is relatively even larger than that of the Capuchins. These are the most “brainy” of the primates and, perhaps, of all living beings, including humans. The weight of their brain is 1/17 of the weight of a monkey, in humans it is only 1/35!
“The monkeys made a living bridge... one hung its tail down from a branch and wrapped it around the head of the other, and in the same way five subsequent monkeys formed a hanging chain. Then they swung this chain back and forth until the lower monkey, thrown, as on a swing, over forest clearing to another tree, did not grab onto it. Other monkeys, including two females with babies on their necks, walked across the bridge. Then the first monkey, who made up the bridge, let go of the branches, the living chain rushed through the gap to the new tree. There, uncoupled, the monkeys followed their previous course. It took them less time to describe everything than it took me to describe it" (Karl Lovelace).
For a long time now, since the time of Aristotle, people have been telling stories about monkey bridges that are so improbable, as was believed and still are believed.
"Dead-headed" saimiri is an amazing monkey! Not even a strange pattern on the face, which leads to some gloomy comparisons, not a tail, which, although of the wrong type, is nevertheless capable of wrapping around branches, but a phenomenon more mysterious to science. In one troop, in one family, these monkeys sometimes give birth to giant males along with ordinary little ones: they are twice as large as their brothers, and weigh many times more. Males are fertile, but their offspring are small and ordinary. A similar phenomenon has also been observed in some shrews.
Most likely, if this is at all possible, spider monkeys, or koats, build living bridges.
Arachnids! Often black, although there are also gray, brown, and the Panamanian is red, the legs and arms are thin and long, the body is skinny, disproportionate to the length of the “spider” limbs and especially the tail, which is relatively longer than that of any monkey in general. He is so strong and tenacious that he can easily hold and, after swinging, throw the almost half-pound monkey from branch to branch.
"Dead-headed" saimiri
The koata's tail is literally a fifth hand. While begging for and accepting a treat at the zoo, it is Oma who extends it, not his hand, from behind bars.
Grabbing the handle, they open the doors with their tail. When asking to return to the house, they press the bell button with their tail! These are manual.
What about the wild ones? Wild ones, seeing a person, a jaguar or another enemy from a tree, tear heavier branches with their tail (and hands too) and throw them down. Such “bombs” sometimes weigh five kilograms!
Four species of coats in the genus Ateles are found from southern Mexico to Paraguay. There are two more genera and four species of so-called woolly monkeys closely related to coatats - mainly in the Amazon. They are similar in many ways to koats, but they are not as agile in jumping, and their prehensile tail is not so agile in various tricks. They have thick, dense fur, rich in undercoat. Coats have coarse fur, without undercoat.
In 1904, the director of a museum in Belem (Brazil) received a strange-looking small black monkey as a gift. When she died, her skin was sent to the British Museum. So it was opened the new kind monkeys - jumping tamarin. But since the skin was sent to London without a skull, British experts first included the jumping tamarin in the same family with the clawed, or marmoset, monkeys. Only in 1911 and 1914, a couple more of these monkeys were brought by ship from the upper reaches of the Amazon to the port city of Belem. There, Miranda Ribeiro studied them and proved that if you decide the question of the kinship of jumping tamarins only by their skin (and claws on their fingers!), then they are really close to clawed monkeys. But, having examined the skull and teeth, Miranda Ribeiro found in them many features common to monkeys from the capuchin family. Jumping tamarins are an intermediate form, a link between both.
Previously, before the discovery of jumping tamarins, the prevailing opinion in zoology was that marmosets were the oldest of the monkeys not only in America, but throughout the whole world. Now that a connecting link has been found, the question has been resolved differently: clawed monkeys are only a lateral specialized branch of broad-nosed monkeys, and the branch is rather young than ancient.
Specialized, that is, adapted to life in the heart of the “forest of forests” - the Amazonian jungle. In the foliage of giant trees, entwined with vines, overgrown with orchids, in dampness, in twilight, among an abundance of ants, spiders, fruits and nuts ripening all year round, they found shelter and food for themselves. Clawed monkeys almost never descend to the ground.
They are tiny - the size of a rat, a squirrel, rarely larger. A midget among monkeys, the dwarf clawed monkey Chichiko weighs only 85 grams! She is slightly larger than the mouse lemur. Many have a very funny appearance: some have long “gray” mustaches, like Kaiser Wilhelm, others have hairstyles, like Babette, who went to war, many have manes on their necks and shoulders, and ears with a lush rim of long white hair. Frill, and that’s all, but not on the neck, but on the ears. The color is bright, multi-colored. The fur is soft and silky. And everyone only has 32 teeth! Like "old world" monkeys.
Those with lower canines equal to or slightly larger than the incisors are usually called marmosets. In tamarins, on the contrary, the lower canines are much longer than the incisors.
Monkeys are playful, beautiful and, so to speak, extravagant. Even the ruthless conquistadors fell in love with these “monkeys.” Silky monkeys were brought to Europe a long time ago. Ladies of high society, especially in the era of Madame Pompadour and the last Louis, having exchanged tame weasels, the fashion for which went away with the Renaissance, for clawed monkeys, kept them in their salons, just like lap dogs and Siamese cats in our days.
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