Presentation on ten rivers. Geography presentation on the topic "rivers"
We will talk about rivers today in the lesson. The question arises. What is a river? Think. Perhaps you imagine water flowing in a depression on the surface of the land. Right.
River- it's natural water flow, flowing in the developed channel. Every river has a beginning and an end.
The place where the river originates is called source. The origins are different. The Volga begins on the Valdai Upland where groundwater comes out. The Angara flows out of Lake Baikal. The Ob River is formed at the confluence of the two rivers Biya and Katun. Terek originates from the glaciers of the Greater Caucasus from the top of Zilga-Khokh.
That is, we can say that one river flows out of the swamp, another river starts from the spring, the third river originates on the slopes of the mountains, the fourth river starts from the lake.
The river flows for hundreds of kilometers and somewhere it flows either into the sea, or into a lake, or into another river.
The place where a river flows into a sea, lake or other river is called mouth.
The distance from source to mouth is river length.
Flowing into a river, another river becomes hers inflow.
The main river with all tributaries forms river system.
(Exercise : on the map, determine the river system of the Lena River, determine the source, tributaries, mouth)
2. River basin:
Plot earth's surface from which all the water flows into the river is called drainage basin this river.
Every river, even a small one, has its own basin.
The largest pool is near the Amazon River.
3. Mountain and lowland rivers.
According to the nature of the flow, the rivers are divided into mountainous and flat. So let's think about how flat rivers differ from mountain ones.
plain rivers flow calmly, in wide valleys. The lowland rivers include the Volga River (its length from source to mouth is 3530 km, the average flow velocity is less than 1 m/s).
Plain rivers are used for navigation.
Mountain rivers flow much faster than flat ones. These rivers have narrow and deep valleys. Many mountain rivers, starting in the mountains, go to the plain and become flat. An example of such a river is the Terek River. Before Vladikavkaz it is a mountain river, and from Vladikavkaz it is flat. On the territory of the Republic, the Terek flows for 120 km, the remaining 600 km flow on the territory of other republics. It is not for nothing that the Terek River is called the River of Friendship.
The nature of the course of the Terek River Described in his poem by M.Yu. Lermontov
Terek howls, wild and vicious.
Between the rocky masses.
His cry is like a storm,
Tears spray.
But, running up the steppe,
He pretended to be wicked
And, affectionately caressing.
To the Caspian Sea murmurs ...
4. Rapids and waterfalls.
Even on the calmest rivers, there may be sections where the course of the river changes. Hard rocks and heaps of stones form rapids. Overcoming them, the river foams, sprays fly high, whirlpools arise.
Falling from a high ledge, the river forms waterfall. The tallest waterfall in the world, Angel Falls South America, in the Orinoco river basin. The waterfall was discovered in 1935 from an airplane by pilot Angel.
IN North America is the widest waterfall in the world, Niagara Falls, in Africa, Victoria Falls. There are also waterfalls in the mountainous part of our republic. The highest of them is Zaigelan.
5. Feeding rivers:
Guys! You already know. that the amount of water in the river is not the same. Rivers are fed by rainwater, snow and ice melt water, groundwater. Changes in its level depend on the feeding of rivers. So, for example, the Volga River in winter has exclusively underground nutrition, in spring the main source of water is melted snow water, in summer it is rain and underground. This way of feeding the river is called mixed. That is, the replenishment of the river due to the inflow of water into it from various sources is called mixed nutrition.
The Volga floods in the spring, overflowing its banks, flooding the floodplain, and becomes shallow in the summer.
The Amazon and the Congo are considered the most full-flowing rivers on Earth, and the most long river in the world of the Nile.
Guys, at what time of the year do the rivers become shallow?
What is the economic importance of rivers?
First of all, rivers are carriers fresh water, rivers are used for navigation, fishing, for irrigation, dams and hydroelectric power stations are built on large rivers.
Guys! There are a lot of power plants on the large rivers of our country, and we also have hydroelectric power plants in the republic - Gizeldonskaya, Vladikavkaz, which partially provide energy to our republic. Quite recently, the Zaramagskaya HPP has been put into operation.
Fixing:
- Guys, let's remember what large rivers we met in the lesson.
- What large waterfalls did we recognize?
- Which river is the main water artery of our republic?
- And what other rivers flow on the territory of our republic?
- Studying the topic of the River, we got acquainted with the terms: river, source, mouth, river system, river basin, waterfall (give definitions)
TEST:
- The longest river in the world
b) Yenisei
c) Orinoco
c) Amazon
a) Niagara
b) Angel
c) Victoria
a) snow, rain
b) underground
b) waterfall
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«Presentation "RIVER"»
The purpose of the lesson:
- To expand students' knowledge of rivers;
- Explain the concepts of "river", "source", "mouth",
"river system", "river basin", "flat rivers", "mountain rivers", "rapids", "waterfalls", "river feeding".
- Name and show on the map the major rivers of the world and Russia.
River – it is a natural water stream flowing in a developed channel.
The place where the river starts
called source.
The origins are different:
- swamp,
- lake,
- The groundwater,
- glacier in the mountains
The structure of the river
The place where the river flows
in the sea, lake or other river is called mouth.
As it flows into a river, another river becomes inflow.
The rule for determining the right and left tributaries
- stand facing the mouth rivers (downstream);
2. If the river flows into on right - This right inflow .
3. If the river flows in from the left - This left tributary.
4. The main river with all tributaries forms river system
By the nature of the river
p o d e r t i o n
mountain
flat
- plain rivers flow calmly, in wide valleys.
- Mountain rivers flow much faster than flat ones.
- At mountain rivers narrow and deep valleys.
mountain
Terek:
1. length 623 km;
2. descends to 5000 m;
3. fall of the river 5000 m;
4. the flow rate is very high;
5. inconvenient for shipping.
flat
Volga:
1. length 3530 km;
2. descends 250 m;
3. the fall of the river is small;
4. flow rate is less
5. Convenient for shipping.
Terek howls, wild and vicious,
Between the rocky masses
His cry is like a storm,
Tears spray.
But, running across the steppe,
He pretended to be wicked
And, affectionately caressing,
The Caspian Sea murmurs...
M.Yu.Lermontov
Even on the calmest rivers there may be areas
where the current changes dramatically. Hard rocks
and heaps of stones form thresholds.
Falling from a high ledge, the river forms a waterfall .
NUTRITION OF THE RIVERS
UNDERGROUND
RAIN
SNOW
The Volga River in winter has exclusively underground
food, in the spring the main source of water is
melted snow water, in summer - rain and underground.
The Volga spills in the spring, overflowing its banks,
flooding the floodplain, and in the summer it becomes shallow.
- river,
- source,
- mouth,
- river system,
- river basin,
- waterfall.
T E S T:
- The longest river in the world
b) Yenisei
c) Orinoco
2. The river with the world's largest basin
c) Amazon
3. The highest waterfall on Earth
a) Niagara
b) Angel
c) Victoria
4. Mixed nutrition is called
a) snow, rain
b) underground
c) replenishment of water in the river from various sources
5. The river, falling from a high ledge, forms:
b) waterfall
c) delta
§ 30 RIVERS
1. Learn the basic definitions of the topic
and the rule for determining the right and left tributaries
Rivers and the environment
Definition of a river
A river is a stream of water with a certain course along the channel. The river is fed by underground runoff from the channel. The course of a river is determined by the location of its mouth and source. Water in the river is collected in several ways:
Precipitation (rain, snow)
Due to groundwater reserves.
Origin of rivers
Rivers mostly flow where there is the least resistance. This is usually in tectonic faults.
Studying the rivers
A certain section in hydrology (the science of water) is devoted to the study of rivers - potamology. It is here that scientists study the structure of rivers and their networks, flow, etc.
Source and mouth of the river
The source of the river is the beginning from where the reservoir originates. The mouth, on the contrary, is the place where the river flows. Rivers can flow into lakes, other rivers, or seas. Those rivers that flow into the seas or lakes are called main, and those that are connected at the mouth with another river are called tributaries. A river with tributaries is called a river system.
Ebb and flow of rivers
All rivers are bounded by banks. During snowmelt or excessive precipitation, the water level rises and sometimes goes beyond coastline. The phenomenon when water overflows its banks is called a flood.
River classification
Rivers are classified according to different criteria.
In size they are:
Large or big. These rivers are mostly flat rivers. Their basin must be at least 50,000 square kilometers in area.
Medium. For such rivers, the minimum is set at the bar of 2 thousand square meters. km.
Small. small rivers all those whose basin does not reach an area of \u200b\u200b2000 km are called.
Topographically:
Mountain. Most of these rivers flow from fast current and big slopes. Some of them may blur.
Plains. Plain rivers sometimes reach enormous sizes. They are characterized by the presence of meanders in the channel. Often it is lowland rivers that are part of the river system, flowing into another, main, river.
Other classifications of rivers
There are many classifications of rivers. For example, rivers may be classified according to their water sports capability, or according to tributary networks, and so on.
The role of the river in human life
The river has been one of the sources of human life since ancient times. Rivers are a source of fresh water as well as food. Catching river fish saved a man from starvation. And today, the role of rivers cannot be underestimated. They are of great economic and political importance.
The largest rivers in the world
The largest rivers in the world are the Amazon and the Nile. In our country, the largest river is the Yenisei.
Slide 12 underground rivers
Most rivers flow on the surface of the land. However, there are underground rivers on the planet, those that flow in underground caves. The most famous underground rivers are Hamza and Puerto Princesa. They are the largest.
6th grade
Lesson topic- "Rivers"
The purpose of the lesson:
To form an idea of the river and its parts
Lesson type
– learning new material
Tasks :
Educational: to form students' understanding of the river and its parts; introduce the concepts: source, mouth, tributaries, river basin, watershed; learn to identify the left and right tributaries of the river.
Developing: develop the ability to work with text; develop the ability to work in groups; develop skills to work with various cards.
Educational: to instill in students a sense of love for their homeland, pride in their land and respect for the world around them.
Leading concepts of the lesson : source, mouth, tributaries, river basin, watershed.
Equipment : Projector, computer, presentation, handout, 6th grade atlas.
During the classes
Stage/time
Teacher activity
Student activities
Means of education
Organizational moment, 1-3 min
Greeting, checking absentees, checking readiness for the lesson (prepared for the lesson, notebooks, pencil cases)
Good afternoon guys!
Teachers are greeted, the headman calls those who are absent
The stage of preparing students for the active and conscious assimilation of new material, 3-8
Learning new material, 8-38 min
The topic of our today's lesson will be a geographical object, about which many songs, poems and riddles have been composed.
Here is one of them:
"In the winter I hide
I appear in the spring
I have fun in the summer
I go to bed in the fall.
It pours into it, it pours out of it,
It floats on the ground itself.
The snake lay in my path,
Creeps, but does not let me pass,
It crawls, remaining in its place.
Do you know what I'm talking about?"
“Flows, flows - does not flow out;
Runs, runs - does not run out.
Not a horse, but running
Not a forest, but noisy.
What is being said?
Right! Today at the lesson we will talk about rivers!
-What do you know about rivers?
What would you like to know?
I think that during the lesson we will find answers to all your questions.
The purpose of our lesson will be to form an idea of the river and its parts.
And now let's open notebooks and write down the topic of our today's lesson "Rivers"
Let's look at the map. You see a lot of blue threads. All these are rivers.
There are almost 20 million rivers on earth, but only 53 of them have a length of more than 1000 km. And in Russia there are more than 200 thousand, large and small rivers.
What is a river?
Let's summarize your answers and conclude that " River- this is the flow of water flowing in the depression he has worked out, ”on the maps, the direction of the river flow is usually shown with an arrow.
And the area of the earth's surface from which all the water flows into the river is called the drainage basin of this river.
River basin - is a piece of land from which all the water flows into the river
The slide shows the river basin yellow.
The boundary separating neighboring river basins is called a watershed - for example, mountains.
Watershed - boundary separating river basins.
Indeed, on one side of the watershed, water flows into one river, and on the other - into another. In the mountains, the watershed runs along the crests of the ridges, on the plains - along their most elevated part, on the slide the watershed is shown by a dotted line.
And now guys, we will study the structure of the river.
At the last lesson, we, in notebooks, drew a table that we will fill out together today.
Also, in the last lesson, you divided into groups and chose captains. Each group is responsible for its part of the river 1 group - Source, 2 group - Mouth and 3 group - Tributaries.
Each group has the following items on the table:
1) Atlases of the 6th grade
2) A sheet with the number and name of the group, as well as the task to be completed, strictly following the plan written on this sheet. (The table is filled in by the captain, and is used by him when answering at the board.)
3) The text "Rivers" which you will use to complete tasks and prepare an answer.
4) You will accompany your presentation with examples that are shown both on your cards that are on the table and on the presentation slide.
5) You also have the “River Scheme” on your tables, you will work with it at the end of the lesson, so I ask you to put it aside
Each group fills in only its own column in the table, you will fill in the remaining columns as the other group answers.
After the speech of the captain of the 3rd group, each of you should get a completely filled table.
You have 5 minutes to prepare for the answer, and the answer should not exceed 3 minutes.
For the work in the lesson, you will be given grades, which will depend on the quality of the performance and activity in the lesson. For violation of discipline in the lesson, the grade will be reduced.
Get started.
The preparation time is over, I ask the captain of the Istok group to make a presentation.
Source
mouth
tributaries
Examples:
river Oka-spring
Moscow swamp river
Angara river - lake
Terek river - from the mountains
Mouth - the place where a river flows
Where can a river flow?
Examples:
Volga river - in the sea
Selenga river - into the lake
Irtysh river - into the river
What tributaries does the river have?
(right and left)
Thank you, now the captain of the Mouth group.
Source
mouth
tributaries
Source - the place where the river begins
Where does the river start from?
(from a spring, from a swamp, from a lake, in the mountains)
Examples:
river Oka-spring
Moscow swamp river
Angara river - lake
Terek river - from the mountains
Mouth - the place where a river flows
Where can a river flow?
(to the sea, lake, or other river)
Examples:
Volga river - in the sea
Selenga river - into the lake
Irtysh river - into the river
A tributary is a river that flows into a larger river.
What tributaries does the river have?
(right and left)
How to determine which tributary is right or left?
(Stand facing downstream and the right tributary will be on the right, and the left tributary will be on the left).
Captain of the Tributes group
Source
mouth
tributaries
Source - the place where the river begins
Where does the river start from?
(from a spring, from a swamp, from a lake, in the mountains)
Examples:
river Oka-spring
Moscow swamp river
Angara river - lake
Terek river - from the mountains
Mouth - the place where a river flows
Where can a river flow?
(to the sea, lake, or other river)
Examples:
Volga river - in the sea
Selenga river - into the lake
Irtysh river - into the river
A tributary is a river that flows into a larger river.
What tributaries does the river have?
(right and left)
How to determine which tributary is right or left?
(Stand facing downstream and the right tributary will be on the right, and the left tributary will be on the left).
Thank you captains! You should end up with a completed table like this.
Listen to teachers
About the rivers!
They are different, deep and shallow, large and small, mountainous and flat.
What is a river, what else are they.
Open notebooks and write the topic in a notebook.
Looking at the map
Listen to teachers
Various answers
Write the definition in a notebook
Listen to the teacher, write the definition in a notebook.
Listen to teachers
Students read the text and formulate answers to the questions posed.
Reply messages
Reply messages
Write the definitions in a notebook
Reply messages
Write the definitions in a notebook
Fixing, 38-43 min
And now let's consolidate the knowledge gained today and complete the task on cards with a river diagram. Your task is to indicate with arrows the correspondence between the numbers on the map and the name of the part of the river.
Let's check what happened. Raise your hand to answer.
And now pass your card to the neighbor on the right and we will conduct mutual control:
5 correct answers and no corrections - excellent
4 correct answers or there is one correction - very good
3 correct answers or 2 corrections - it is worth asking for help
1-2 correct answers - you need to refer to the definitions.
Each participant completes the task in the card.
Answer the task
Organizational moment, 43-45 min
So what did we learn in class today?
What have you learned?
Marking
Thank you for the lesson!
We learned what a river is, got acquainted with the concepts of source, mouth, tributaries, river basin and watershed, and also learned to identify left and right tributaries.
They come up with diaries for signature, say goodbye to the teacher
If there is time left, you can work with the students on the map.
And now, using the map of Russia, let's call major rivers Russia!
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