Declension of Korean masculine surnames. ABOUT

The official Russian naming, as is known, consists of a first name, patronymic and surname. The word surname is the only one of this triad that is of Latin origin: familia - family; hereditary (tribal) or acquired in marriage naming of a person. The word came into our language at the beginning of the 18th century thanks to Peter’s decrees: then nicknames and nicknames traditional for Russian people were gradually replaced by surnames. Although they have existed in our language for quite a long time, the declension of surnames, both Russian and foreign, causes certain difficulties for many of our readers. Let's try to understand this difficult issue.

Let us first recall that male foreign names ending with a consonant, are declined regardless of whether they are used separately or together with the surname, but feminine ones do not: " I came to Arthur (or Conrad, or Heinrich) Wiedenmayer", But " I came to Edith (or Liz, or Vivienne) Wiedenmayer".

Regarding surnames, you need to remember the following:

Foreign language and Russian surnames with a consonant inclined if they refer to men, and not inclined if they refer to women: " I came to Arthur Goldenberg", But " I came to Martha Goldenberg", "Met Ivan Ivanovich Volk", But " Met Angelina Stepanovna Volk".

Russian surnames ending in -yh, -ih are not declined: Peter Chernykh for Ksenia Sedykh, etc.

Men's surnames begin with -ch, women's surnames do not: " “You are happy in the game,” I told Vulich" (M. Lermontov); " They talk about a paradox: he loved Amalia Riznich passionately, but heard about death indifferently. “Under the blue sky of his native country...” Pushkin wrote on the death of Amalia Riznich" (V. Nepomnyashchy).

Surnames matching common nouns or geographical names, For example: Nose, Horn, Catfish, Mouse, Chub, Rook, Boy etc. - inclined if they refer to men, and not inclined if they refer to women: novel by Holm van Zaichik, profession of Semyon Lynx, notebook of Maria Mol, role of Oleg Dahl, essay by Catherine Hamburg, textbook by Olga Boy, soul of Elizabeth Vorobey and so on. Please note on the fact that male surnames coinciding with feminine nouns should change according to the type of declension of masculine nouns: work by Valery Mysh, but not Valery Mysha.

Now about male and female surnames ending in a vowel sound.

Male and female surnames ending in -ovo, -ako, -ago, -yago: Durnovo, Plevako, Zhivago, Lubyago.

Foreign surnames ending in a vowel are not declined (except for those ending in unstressed -а(-я): Zola, Hugo, Shaw, Defoe, Bovary, Kowalski, Capulet, Maigret, Quasimodo.

Surnames also do not decline to -ia (Heredia, Gulia) [but to -ia they do (Garcia, Beria)] and Finnish surnames to -a (Kuusela).

Don't lean in official speech surnames starting with -ko, -o: Ivan Franko, Klara Luchko, Rushailo, Botaylo. Also immutable regardless of speech style, are very rare surnames like Lard, Soap, Sieve, Oatmeal. However, in conversational style and in texts fiction It is permissible to change surnames to -ko or -o according to cases. Let us remember that Chekhov has a similar example in the story “The Man in a Case”: “ They assigned us a new teacher of history and geography, a certain Kovalenko, from the crests... My first, thorough acquaintance with Kovalenki, I remember, happened at the director’s name day".

From surnames to hit-a(s) are inclined only to those of Slavic origin: Grigory Skovoroda; Ivan Podoprigora and so on.; on unshockable vowel sound -а (-я) Today, linguists recommend declining all anthroponyms (except those formed from combinations of a transitive verb with a noun in the accusative case of surnames like Zabeygate, Three-Eyes, Namniboka): works of Avicenna, poems of Neruda, utopia of Campanella, studies of Gamaleya and so on.

The authors of the book “Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech. Stylistic Dictionary of Variants” recommend always inflecting male surnames with -ok, -ek, -ets: Yuri Kotenko, Alexandra Pochinok and so on.

A special case- Georgian and Japanese surnames: they either bow or don't bow: Fukushima - Fukushima, But Chikobawa - the work of Professor Chikobawa, Eduard Shevardnadze - for Eduard Shevardnadze. However, recently there has been a tendency to decline these surnames. Georgian surnames, widely known in the Russian environment and familiar to our ears, are consistently declined: poems by Okudzhava.

According to the authors of the dictionary "Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech. Stylistic Dictionary of Variants" Lyudmila Karlovna Graudina, Viktor Aleksandrovich Itskovich and Liya Pavlovna Katlinskaya, " for inflection of surnames, the law on the absolute deducibility of the nominative case of a surname from its oblique cases must be immutable".

Now we can draw conclusions. If you have difficulty in declension of one or another anthroponym, try first of all to determine its origin and place of emphasis. Use our tips. We also recommend that inquisitive readers consult the “Dictionary of Russian Personal Names” by A.N. Tikhonova, L.Z. Boyarinova and A.G. Ryzhkova (M., 1995) and “Handbook of spelling, pronunciation, literary editing” by D.E. Rosenthal, E.V. Dzhandzhakova and N.P. Kabanova (M.: "CheRo", 2001), which contains information on this issue.

Often, secretaries and clerks, when drawing up protocols, are faced with the manager’s requirement not to decline certain names. We will tell you in the article which surnames actually do not decline. We have prepared a summary table of the most common cases with which difficulties arise.

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What are some misconceptions about the declination of surnames?

Most Russian speakers are unfamiliar with the laws of declension of given names and surnames. Despite the fact that there are many reference books and manuals on this topic, the issue of declination of surnames remains difficult for many people. In many ways, misconceptions regarding the rules for declination of surnames interfere. Here are some of them.

The declension of a surname depends on its linguistic origin. For example, all Georgian, Polish or Armenian surnames are not declined.

The declension of a surname depends on the gender of its bearer.

If the surname coincides with a common noun - Volya, Svoboda, Zhuk - it does not decline.

However, the most common misconception is that there are so many rules for declension that there is simply no point in memorizing them.

In order to refute these misconceptions, let's consider the basic rules for changing surnames by case. We formulated them in the form step by step instructions, with the help of which you can quickly conclude whether the surname changes by case or not.

Table: declension of surnames in Russian

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How to determine whether a surname is declining: step-by-step instructions

Step #1.

Look at the end of the last name. If it ends in -ov (-ev,), -in (-yn), -sky (-tsky), decline it as standard

Such surnames can be changed without problems. But keep in mind two important exceptions.

A. If the surname ends in -ov, -in, but is foreign (For example, Chaplin or Darwin), then it will change according to cases as a noun of the second declension (for example, table) - Chaplin, Darwin.

B. Women's surnames in -ina (Smorodina, Zhemchuzhina) change depending on how the male version of the same surname changes. If the male version sounds like Smorodin or Zhemchuzhin, then the female surname in the instrumental case will sound like Smorodina or Zhemchuzhina, and if the male version coincides with the female surname - Zhemchuzhina or Smorodina, then the female surname will be declined as a common noun. An example is in the table below.

Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina (born Smorodin)	Irina Zhemchuzhina (same as born)
Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina	Irina Zhemchuzhina
Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina	Irina Zhemchuzhina
Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina	Irina Zhemchuzhina
Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina	Irina Zhemchuzhina
Charlie Chaplin	Anna Smorodina	Irina Zhemchuzhina

Step #2.

If you have a non-standard surname, mark what sound it ends with

The main rule that should be followed is that the type of declension is primarily influenced not by the gender or nationality of the speaker, but by whether it ends with a vowel or consonant.

Step #3.

Do not change your last name, which ends in -yh, ikh, as well as e, i, o, u, y, e, yu

For example, the book by Belykh, the speech of Loye, Gramigna, Ceausescu, Lykhny, Maigret and Liu.

Note. In everyday speech and in the language of literature, where it is depicted Speaking , sometimes you can find the declination of male surnames into -y or -i. For example, Chernykh's report. Sometimes you can find the declension of Ukrainian surnames in -ko - Chernenka or Shevchenko. The last version of surname changes was common in the 19th century. But now both the first option and the second are undesirable.

Step #4.

If the surname ends with a consonant (except -i and -yh), look at the gender of its owner

Men's surnames are inclined to a consonant, but women's names are not. The linguistic origin of the surname does not matter. Male surnames that coincide with common nouns are also declined.

For example, reports by Krug, Shock, Martirosyan (for male surnames) and reports by Krug, Shock, Martirosyan (for female surnames).

Note 1. There are male surnames of East Slavic origin that can be inclined in two ways. We are talking about surnames that, when changed, have a fluent vowel - Zhuravl: Zhuravel or Zhuravlem. Most reference books recommend preserving the fluent vowel (Zhuravel) when declining, since from a legal point of view it is important to preserve the integrity of the surname. However, the owner of the surname may insist on the option he has chosen. The main thing in this case is to adhere to the uniformity of changing the surname by case in all legal documents.

Note 2. Last names starting with -th (Shahrai) deserve special mention. Here we are also faced with the possibility of double changing the surname. If the surname is perceived as an adjective, for example, Topchiy, then it changes as Topchego, Topchyu, etc. If the surname is perceived as a noun, it changes as Topchiya, Topchiyu. Such complex cases concern only those surnames in which the consonant “th” is preceded by the vowels “o” or “i”. In all other cases, the surname changes according to general rules(Shahrayu, Shahray, etc.)

Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Anna Krug	Ivan Shakhrai
Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Annu Krug	Ivan Shakhrai
Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Anne Krug	Ivan Shakhrai
Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Annu Krug	Ivan Shakhrai
Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Anna Krug	Ivan Shakhrai
Ivan Chernykh	Ivan Krug	Anne Krug	Ivan Shakhrai

Step #5.

The surname ends in the vowel -ya. Is there another vowel before it? If yes, persuade her

Examples: Inna Shengelaya’s notebook, diploma issued to Nikolai Lomaya, meeting with Anna Reya; crimes of Lavrentiy Beria, meeting with Georgy Danelia.

Step #6.

The surname ends in the vowel -a. Is there another vowel before it? If yes, don't persuade her

Examples: Nikolai Galois’s notebook, diploma given to Irina Eria, meeting with Igor Gulia.

Step #7.

The surname ends in -a or -ya, but is preceded by a consonant. Pay attention to the origin of the surname and the emphasis in it

There are only two exceptions to remember:

A. French surnames with an emphasis on the last syllable are not inclined: the books of Alexandre Dumas, Emile Zola and Anna Gavalda, the aphorisms of Jacques Derrida, the goals of Drogba.

B. Mostly Finnish surnames ending in -a are unstressed: meeting with Mauno Pekkala.

All other surnames - Eastern, Slavic, Japanese - ending in stressed and unstressed -a or -ya are declined. Decline also surnames that coincide with common nouns.

Examples: Irina Groza’s notebook, a diploma issued to Nikolai Mukha, a lecture by Elena Kara-Murza, songs by Bulat Okudzhava, roles by Igor Kvasha, films by Akira Kurosawa.

Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Groza
Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Groza
Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Grose
Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Groza
Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Groza
Marguerite Galois	Nina Danelia	Anna Grose

Why is it important to follow the rules for declension of surnames?

You risk encountering misunderstandings if you do not follow the rules for declining surnames.

For example, consider this situation. You have received a letter signed as follows: “letter from Vasily Groz.” Following the laws of Russian grammar, you will most likely assume that a man's surname, which in the genitive case has the ending -a, in nominative case will have a zero ending and you will conclude that the author of the letter is Vasily Groz. Such a misunderstanding would not have arisen if the letter had been signed correctly - “letter from Vasily Groza.”

Another example. You have been given an article by A. Pogrebnyak. It is natural to assume that the author of the article is a woman. If it later turns out that the author is a man, Anatoly Pogrebnyak, this may lead to misunderstanding.

1. Geographical names

1.1. If the geographical name is not declined, then it is marked several. In other cases, for each toponym a gender form is given. pad. It is given in full:

1) with monosyllabic names: Belz, Bel lza; Gzhel, Gzheli;

2) in non-word names, which are ordinary phrases: Stary Oskol, Stary Oskol;

3) in compound words written with a hyphen: Baba -Durma z, Baba -Durma for; Ba den - Ba den, Ba den - Ba den [de].

In other cases, the form gen. pad. is given in truncated form: Badhy z, -a; Babad g, -a; Bavleny, -en; Badajo s, -a.

1.2. For some toponyms, forms of other cases are also given: for geographical names in - evo, -ovo, -foreign, -yno forms of genus, creative are given. and sentence pad., since in speech practice, in the press, in television and radio broadcasts, these names are sometimes not declined, which contradicts the traditional norm of Russian literary language, for example: Bagerovo, -a, -om, in Bagerovo (urban town, Ukraine); Ko sovo, -a, -om, in Ko sovo (Rep. Serbia); Gabrovo, -a, -om, in Gabrovo (city, Bulgaria).

1.3. East Slavic names ending - O with a preceding consonant, do not decline: Dubno, several. (city, Ukraine); No, several. (city, Ukraine); Gross bottom, several. (city, Belarus).

1.4. In geographical names on - ev, -yev, -ov, -in the forms of the genitive and instrumental are given: Belev, -a, -om (city, Tula region, Russian Federation); Bobro in, -a, -om (city, Voronezh region, Russian Federation); Bardejov, -a, -om (city, Slovakia); Babi n, -a, -om (lake, Canada).

1.5. Foreign place names ending in a vowel - A, experience significant fluctuations in inclination:

many borrowed geographical names, mastered by the Russian language, are declined according to the type of noun. wives kind of on - A stressed, for example: Bukhara, -ы; Bugulma, -s; Ankara, -s;

Toponyms of French origin with final stress are not declined: Yura, several. (mountains - France; Switzerland);

Japanese place names ending in - are declined A unstressed: O saka, -i; Yoko bitch, -i [yo];

Estonian and Finnish names ending in - are not declined A, -I unstressed: Sa vonlinna, several. (city, Finland); Yu väskylä, several. (city, Finland); Sa aremaa, several. (island, Estonia);

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed - experience fluctuations in declination - A. The Dictionary lists the names in the inflected version: Шxa pa, -ы (g. - on the border of Georgia and Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation); Ochamchi ra, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia); Gudau ta, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia);

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: Bai ya Blanca, several. (city, Argentina); Bai ya-La ypa, several. (city, Argentina); Here s-de-la-Fronte ra [re, de, te], several. (city, Spain);

complex Slavic names are declined as nouns, which are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives, for example: Bya la-Podlya ska, Bya la-Podlya ski (city, Poland); Banská Bistrica, Banská Bistrica (city, Slovakia); Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora (city, Poland);

both parts in names with the word river are inflected, for example: Moscow -river, Moskva -river, on the Moscow river, etc. But in colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part of these combinations: beyond the Moscow river, on the Moscow river, etc. d. However, such use does not correspond to the norm of literary language.

1.6. Place names ending in vowels - And, -s and not perceived in Russian as plural forms. numbers are given in indeclinable form, for example: Burley, several. (village, Kazakhstan); Karshi, several. (village, Turkmenistan); Ismayilli, several., (city, Azerbaijan); Mary, several. (city, Turkmenistan); Dzhusaly, several. (town, Kazakhstan).

1.7. For monosyllabic names ending in a soft consonant, the forms gen., date are given. and sentence fallen., since they experience fluctuations when declination: Rus', Rus', to Rus', in Rus'; Ob, Ob, to Ob, on Ob; Perm, Perm, to Perm, about Perm; Kerch, Kerch, to Kerch, in Kerch. In the latter case, the stress is fixed on the base.

1.8. For names ending in consonants - and, -ts, -w, gender forms are indicated. and creativity fallen., since in creation. pad. under stress it is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Fateh, -a, -em (city, Kursk region, Russian Federation); Kirzha h, -a, -o m (city, Vladimir region, Russian Federation).

1.9. Some foreign names like Se nt-Ka tarins [se] are not inclined several., (city, Canada); Pe r - Lashe z [pe], several. (cemetery in Paris); Pla ya-Hiro n (Pla ya-Hiro n), several. (village, Cuba).

1.10. Some foreign language names from the area of urban nomenclature are given in indeclinable form with the second part - straight, -square: Wall Street, several.; Washington Square, several. etc.

O, -e, -And, -at, -Yu, are presented in the Dictionary in an indeclinable form, for example: SHI LO Nikolai, Shi lo Nikola ya (Russian geologist); CRAFT Vasily, Craft Vasily (Russian breeder); DURNOVO Ivana, Durnovo Ivana (Russian statesman); VA JKULE Laima, Va ikule Laima (Latvian pop singer); VESKI And anne, several. (Estonian pop singer); BASILASHVI LI Ole g, Basilashvi li Olega (Russian actor); ILIE SKU Ion, Ilie sku Io na (Romanian statesman); BENTO Yu Pasca l, Bento Yu Pasca la (Romanian composer).

3. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in -a, -ya, -iya, -aya, -oh

Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I, -and I, -and I, -oh, as a rule, are inclined. But there are also cases of their indeclension, which is due to the place of stress in the word and the tradition of their use in the Russian language:

3.1. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I non-accented ones, as a rule, are inclined; for example: TO MA Svetlana, TO WE Svetlana (Russian actress), DO GA Evgeniy, DO GI Evgenia (Moldova composer).

3.2. Japanese first and last names ending in - A unstressed, recently in print, in television and radio broadcasts, and in literature, they are regularly inclined. The Dictionary gives: KUROSA WA Akira, Kurosa you Akira (Japanese director); HATOYA MA Ichi ro, Hatoya we Ichi ro (Japanese statesman).

3.3. Georgian names and surnames of the indicated type experience fluctuations during declension, but in accordance with the norm of the Russian literary language they should be declined, for example: OKUDZHA VA Bula t, Okudzha you Bula ta; HORA VA Aka kiya, Hora you Aka kiya; VA ZHA Pshavela, VAZHA Pshavely. But the name of the Georgian poet ending in - A stressed, Shota Rustavi is not traditionally declined in Russian.

3.4. Finnish given names and surnames ending in - A unstressed, mostly not inflected, for example: KE KKONEN U rho Kaleva, Ke kkonena U rho Kaleva, PE KKALA Ma yno, several.

3.5. First and last names ending in - A with the previous one - And, do not decline, for example: GAMSAKHU RDIA Konstantin, Gamsahu RDIA Konstantin (Georgian writer).

3.6. Slavic surnames ending in - A stressed, incline: Skovoroda Gregory, Skovoroda Gregory (Ukrainian philosopher); POTEBNYA Aleksandra, Potebnya Aleksandra (Ukrainian and Russian philologist-Slavist).

3.7. French surnames and personal names ending in - A percussion, do not bow: TALMA Francois, several. (French actor); THOMA Ambrois z, Thomas Ambrois (French composer); GAMARRA Pierre, Gamarra Pierre (French writer); DUMA Alexandra, Dumas Alexandra (French writer).

3.8. Some African surnames start with - A shock experience fluctuations in declination: BABANGIDA Ibragi m, Babangida Ibragi ma (states figure of Nigeria); YAMARA Semoko [se], several. (general figure of Chad).

3.9. Women's personal names and surnames ending - and I Declined according to the model of the declension of personal names such as Ra ya, Ta ya, Agla ya. The Dictionary gives the forms of gender, date. and sentence pad., for example: GULA I I nna, Gula i Inn, to Gula e I nna, about Gula e I nna (Russian actress); SANA I Marina, Sana and Marina, to Sana e Mari not, about Sana e Mari not (Russian figure skater).

3.10. Male surnames ending - oh decline according to the type of declension of noun. “needles”, for example: PIKHO I Rudolf, Piho and Rudolf, to Piho e Rudolf, about Piho e Rudolf (Russian statesman).

3.11. Georgian surnames ending in - and I, are declined according to the model of the name Mari I (Mari I, gen., dat., prel. AndAnd), although in speech practice, on TV and radio, and in print, surnames of this type are sometimes not declined, which does not correspond to the norm of the Russian literary language. Correct: DANELIA Georgy, Daneliya Georgy, to Daneliya Georgy, about Daneliya Georgy [ne] (Russian film director); ALEXA NDRIA Na na, Alexandria Na us, to Alexandria Na not, about Alexandria Na not (Georgian chess player); CHKO NIYA Lamara, Chko niy Lama ry, to Chko niy Lama, about Chko niy Lama (Georgian actress).

3.12. Personal names I ya, Li ya, Vi ya, Ti ya, Gi ya (masculine Georgian name) are given gender and date forms. and sentence pad. with ending - II: And I, And and, to And and, about And and. There is a second way of inflecting these names: And I, And and, to I e, about I e. The dictionary gives preference to the first, i.e.: And I, And and, to And and, about And and.

3.13. For personal names and surnames of eastern origin such as Aliya, Alfiya, Zulfiya, gender and date forms are given. and sentence pad.: Zulfiya, -ii; to Zulfiya, about Zulfiya.

4. Male and female surnames and personal names ending with a consonant (including th)

4.1. Male surnames and personal names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are declined: DAL Vladi mir, Da la Vladi mir; BRECHT Berto lta, Brechta Berto lta [re].

4.2. Male and female surnames ending in - their, -s, do not bow: RAVENSKIKH Nikolai, Ravenskikh Nikolai (Russian director); CHEREMNY X Mikhai l, Cheremny X Mikhai la (Russian artist); Cheremny x, several. (feminine form).

4.3. To male names and surnames ending in hissing and - ts, the forms of the genus are given. and creativity pad. Under the stress of creation. pad. is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc (Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor); BA RENZ Willem, Barents Willem, Barents Willem (Dutch navigator); BILA SH Aleksandra, Bilasha Aleksandra, Bilasho m Aleksandr (Russian composer); BA LAZH (Balash) Bela, Balazha (Balasha) Bely, Balazhem (Balash) White (Hungarian writer). However, there are exceptions, for example: TE LESHOV Nikolai, Teleshova Nikola I (Russian writer); VLADI MIRTSOV Bori s, Vladi Mirtsova Bori sa (scientist - Mongolian); KOKO VTSOV Pa Vel, Koko Vtsova Pa Vla (Russian Semitic scientist).

4.4. Male surnames of East Slavic origin that have a fluent vowel during declension may have two variants of declension - with and without loss of the vowel, depending on the tradition of their use in literary speech. The Dictionary gives: ZA YATS Anatoly, ZA Yats Anatoly (Russian poet); SUDET Ts Vladi mir, SUDET Ts Vladi mir (Russian military leader); GRITSEVETS Sergei, Gritsevets Sergei (Russian pilot); LUCHENO K I Grief, Luchenka I Grief (Belarusian composer); KOVALYONOK Vladi Mir, Kovalyonka Vladi Mir (Russian cosmonaut); MAZURO K Yuri, Mazuro ka Yuri (Russian singer).

4.5. For male surnames and personal names of Western Slavic and Western European origin, gender forms are given. pad. without dropping a vowel, for example: GA SHEK Jarosla v, Gasheka Jarosla va (Czech writer); GA VRANEK Bo Guslav, GA VRANEK Bo Guslava [ne] (Czech linguist); GOTT Karel, Go tta Karela [re] (Czech singer).

4.6. Male Polish, Czech and Slovak surnames in - skiy, -Tsky usually given with full endings in the nominative case and declined according to Russian models (modeled on the declension of adjectives), for example: OLBRY KHSKI Danie l, Olbry KHSKI Danie la [ie] (Polish actor); OGINSKI (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas, Oginski (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas (Polish composer). But sometimes surnames of this type are used in an indeclinable form, for example: POLA NSKI Roman, Polanski Roma (Polish film director), although on the recommendation of experts they should be declined. The dictionary gives: POLANSKY (Polanskiy) Roman, Polanskiy (Polanskiy) Romana.

4.7. Women's surnames can be formed in different ways: with full endings (- Skye, -Tskaya) and with truncated (- ska, -tska). In both cases, they are more often inclined to follow Russian models (following the example of declension full adjectives), for example: BANDRO VSKA-TU RSKA E va, Bandro vskoy-Turskaya E you (Polish singer); BRY LSKA Barbara, Brylska Barbara (Polish actress); CHERNY-STEFANSKA Galina, Czerny--Stefanska Galina (Polish pianist). Quite often, the name Brylskaya is pronounced incorrectly, placing emphasis on the first syllable: Barbara. But in Polish the stress is always on the penultimate syllable: Barbara ra. The Dictionary gives: BRY LSKA Barbara ra.

4.8. With borrowed male surnames ending in unstressed - ov, -in, genus forms are given. and creativity pad. with ending - ohm: DA RVIN Charles, Da Rvin Charles, Da Rvin Charles (English naturalist); CHA PLIN Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer [peh, se] (American film actor, film director); FLO TOV Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich (German composer). Similar Russian surnames are in the works. pad. ending - th.

4.9. European female surnames with unstressed - ov, -in presented in the Dictionary in indeclinable form: HO JKIN Do roti, several. (English scientist, woman); CHA PLIN Geraldina, Cha PLIN Geraldina (American actress).

4.10. The Dictionary also includes male surnames with accent - in. If these are Russian and Russified male surnames, then they are inclined according to the general rule, i.e. they have a creative meaning. pad. percussion - th. Therefore, this form is not given in the Dictionary, for example: KARAMZI N Nikolai, Karamzina Nikolai; BUTURLI N Vasily, Buturlina Vasily.

4.11. Female surnames of the above type are also inclined according to the Russian model: ROSTOPCHINA Evdoki I, Rostopchino y Evdoki and (Russian poetess).

4.12. To borrowed non-Russified male surnames with an accent - in the form of creation is given. pad. with unstressed - ohm: RACINE Jean, Racine Jean, Racine Jean (French playwright); BARTOLI N Era zm, Bartoli on Era zm, Bartolin nom Era zm (Danish scientist).

4.13. Female surnames of this type are presented in an indeclinable version: DENEV Katri n [de], several. (French actress), BIRKI N Jane, several. (French actress).

4.14. Women's surnames and names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are given in indeclinable form, for example: VOYNICH Etel el Lilian [te], several. (English writer); COURSE L Nico l [se], several. (French actress).

4.15. Female personal names of biblical origin (Agar, Rachel, Ruth, Shulami f, Esther, Judi f) are declined according to the type of declension of the word “salt” (sol, soli, with salt, about salt), for example; Agary, Agary, with Agary, about Agary. The Dictionary lists the forms gen., creative. and sentence pad. The name Rashe l (Rashel, Rashe li, with Rashe li, about Rashe li), but the stage name of the French actress RACHE L ( present femme. - Eli doesn’t bow to Rush el Feli x)

4.16. The name Lyubov is declined without dropping a vowel; the Dictionary provides forms of gender, date. and sentence fall: Love, Love, to Love, oh Love. The names Nine l and Assol fluctuate in declination. The dictionary gives: Nina l, -i [ne] (f. name); Assol, several. (f. name).

5. Complex borrowed names and surnames

5.1. In complex Western names and surnames, connected by a hyphen, the last word is declined: BELMONDO Jean-Paul, Belmondo Jean-Paul (French actor); RUSSO Zha-n-Zhak, Rousseau Zha-n-Zhaka (French writer and philosopher); KAPABLA NKA Jose -Rau l, Capabla nki Jose -Rau la [se] (Cuban chess player). If the second name is not inflected, then the first name takes on the function of inflection, for example: TRENTIGNA N Zsa n-Louis, Trentigna na Zsa na-Louis (French actor); GUY-LUSSA K Jose f-Louis, GAY-Lussa ka Jose f-Louis [ze] (French chemist and physicist).

5.2. In compound names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc., it is declined the last part: KIM YONG NAM, Kim Yong Na ma (north-corr. statesman); BA THEIN TIN, Ba Thein Ti na [te] (Burmese statesman); CH A SIM, Che a Si ma (Cambodian statesman); LI PEN, Li Pe na (Chinese statesman).

6. Double surnames

In Russian double surnames, both parts are declined if their endings can be declined, for example: SOKOLO V-MIKITO V, Sokolo va-Mikitova (Russian writer); GOLENI SHCHEV-KUTU CALL, Shin Shcheva-Kutu Zov (Russian poet, philologist, literary critic), but: SOKOLO V-SKALYA, Sokolo va-Skalya (Russian artist).

If the first part is not used as an independent word, it does not decline: DE MUT-MALINO VSKY, De mut-Malinovsky (Russian sculptor); Grum-Grzhima Yilo Vladi mir, Grum-Grzhima ylo Vladi mira (Russian scientist-metallurgist); BO NC-BRUE HIV, Bo NC-BRUEVICH (Russian military leader).

The article gives recommendations on the declension of Russian and borrowed surnames, provides the basic rules and exceptions to them. The vast majority of standard Russian surnames with the suffixes –ov/-ev, -in, do not cause problems when used in indirect cases, since they have their own declension paradigm, in which there can be endings of both an adjective and a noun. Compare in the masculine gender: I.p. Pushkin Serov red wolf R.p. Pushkin Serov red wolf D.p. Pushkin Serov's red wolf V.p. Pushkin Serov red wolf etc. Pushkin Gray wolf red P.p. (o) Pushkin (o) Serov (o) wolf (o) red Compare in the feminine gender: I.p. Pushkin Serov's red crow R.p. Pushkina's gray crow red D.p. Pushkin's gray crow red V.p. Pushkin Serov's red crow Etc. Pushkina Serova red crow P.p. (o) Pushkina (o) Serova (o) crow (o) red Note. As can be seen from the declension paradigm, Russian surnames in the masculine gender in the instrumental case have the ending -ym, like an adjective. They should not be confused with foreign surnames ending in -in, which have the ending -om in the instrumental case, like a noun. Compare: with Alexander Pushkin, but with Charles Darwin. It should be taken into account that Russian and borrowed surnames may have the same sound and spelling, for example: Pyotr Chaplin and Charlie Chaplin, which should be taken into account when used in the instrumental case: with Pyotr Chaplin, but with Charlie Chaplin. Next, rules are formulated and recommendations are given for the use of non-standard Russian and borrowed surnames. SURNAME WITH A CONSONANT Declension of foreign and Slavic surnames ending with a consonant (in writing they end with a consonant, soft sign or j), depends on the gender of the person named. If the surname refers to a man, then it is declined as a masculine second declension noun. Women's surnames of this type are not declined. This rule easily fits into the scheme: Foreign and Slavic surnames with a consonant sound (in writing they end in a consonant, ь or й) For example: I.p. Anna Shmidt Peter Shmidt Roman Zyuz Ivan Gaidai R.p. Anna Schmidt Petra Shmidt Roman Zyuzya Ivan Gaidai D.p. Anna Schmidt Pyotr Schmidt Roman Zyuz Ivan Gaidai V.p Anna Schmidt Pyotr Shmidt Roman Zyuz Ivan Gaidai Etc. Anna Shmidt Peter Shmidt Roman Zyuz Ivan Gaidai P.p. (about) Anna Schmidt (about) Peter Schmidt (about) Roman Zyuz (about) Ivan Gaidai Note

As can be seen from the diagram, application of the rule requires knowledge of the gender of the person being called. The text or title page of a publication does not always allow a native speaker to convey such information, therefore, in writing and in oral speech, difficulties may arise when using surnames with a consonant. For example, the title page indicates the author A. Shtol, but the annotation does not contain information about the full name. The reader, without having reliable data, cannot correctly formulate his speech: “I read the novels of A. Shtol (female surname) or A. Shtol (male surname).
“Outlandish” surnames like Greben and Astrakhan, homonymous with common nouns, geographical names, names of animals and insects, often cause difficulties in declension. Surnames of this type can be divided into two groups:

a) homonymous noun m.r. the second declension (Zhuk, Poloz, Amethyst, etc.) should bow according to the general rule: give the folder to Ivan Zhuk, say hello to Peter Amethyst, the certificate is given to Dmitry Poloz; if there is a fluent vowel in the surname, then it can be recommended to save it in order to avoid curious combinations, for example: citizen Finger, a certificate was issued to citizen Finger (compare: I don’t have a finger), Ivan Zayats came, letter to Ivan Zayats (compare: approach the hare) ; b) homonymous with the noun zh.r. 3 cl. (Sadness, Love, Astrakhan, Corn, Junk, Blazh, Pain, etc.) it can be recommended not to incline for males.

Let us pay special attention to surnames with a fluent vowel such as Malchinok, Kobets. There is no clear answer in the scientific and reference literature. There are two options:

option I option II I.p. Ivan Kobets I.p. Ivan Kobets R.p. Ivan Kobts R.p. Ivan Kobets D.p. Ivan Kobts D.p. Ivan Kobets V.p. Ivan Kobts V.p. Ivan Kobets etc. Ivan Kobts etc. Ivan Kobets P.p. (about) Ivan Kobtse P.p. (about) Ivan Kobets It should also be noted that in oblique cases homonymy of forms of surnames such as Kravets and Kravets, Zikranets and Zikrants is possible. In this case, it is better to incline the former according to option II.

It is necessary to distinguish between homonymous Russian (as well as Russified) surnames and those borrowed into -ov and -in. For example: Peter Chaplin / Vera Chaplin and Charlie Chaplin / Helen Chaplin, Ivan Flotov / Marina Flotova and Hans Flotov / Helga Flotov. Such surnames are distinguished by the ending of the instrumental case. Russian surnames (as well as Russified ones) in the instrumental case of the masculine gender have the ending -ym: Peter Chaplin. The “non-Russian” surname in the instrumental case of the masculine gender has the ending -om: Charlie Chaplin. Women's names are not inclined at all: approach Helen Chaplin, meet Helga Flotov. Compare: approach Vera Chaplina, meet Marina Flotova.

SURNAME WITH A FINAL VOWEL The decline of surnames to a vowel does not depend on the gender of the person named. Based on which vowel letter the surnames end with, they can be formed into the following groups:

Surnames with a vowel (except -а/-я).
Surnames starting with the vowel -a.
Surnames starting with the vowel -ya.

Surnames starting with a vowel (except -а/-я)

Such surnames can end in e, e, i, u, yu, o. They are always inflexible. For example: Hugo, Daudet, Musset, Goethe, Rustaveli, Amadou, Camus, Ordzhenikidze, Shaw, Picasso. This list also includes Ukrainian surnames with –ko, -enko: Makagonenko, Kovalenko, Shevchenko, Boyko, etc., as well as Slavic surnames with –ago, -yago, -ovo: Durnovo, Zhivago, Dubyago, etc.

Surnames starting with the vowel -a

Surnames with the vowel -a can be divided into two groups:

Surnames with a preceding consonant:
Surnames with unaccented -a.
Surnames with accent -a.
Surnames preceded by a vowel i or u.

2.1. Surnames with an unstressed vowel -a The declension of surnames with an unstressed a depends on the origin and on whether the vowel or consonant is followed by a.

If the final unstressed vowel -a is preceded by a consonant (mainly Slavic and Romanesque surnames), then the surname changes according to the first type of declension (like sister):

I.p. Ivan Baida Irina Baida R.p. Ivan Baida Irina Baida D.p. Ivan Baida Irina Baida V.p. Ivan Baida Irina Baida Etc. Ivan Baida Irina Baida P.p. (about) Ivan Baida (about) Irina Baida Note. In the reference literature, fluctuations are noted in the use of Georgian and Japanese surnames with unstressed a. In the media you can find both indeclinable and indeclinable options: Okudzhava’s songs, the visit of Prime Minister Nakagawa, the work of Akira Kurosawa. It should be noted that the noted tendency to change these surnames allows us to recommend declining them. Finnish surnames, due to their difficult pronunciation, are recommended not to be declined: researcher Jaakko Lallukka - works by Jaakko Lallukka, student Juho Ranta - reference for Juho Ranta.

If the final unstressed vowel -a is preceded by a vowel (usually the vowels y or i), then the surname is not declined: Badzagua, Benois, Valois, Galois, Guatua, Gerua, Gulia, Delacroix, Dondua, Dubois, Luria, Matua, Moravia, Morua, Rurua, Sturua, Todua, Huchua, Eria, Heredia.

2.2. Surnames with a stressed vowel -a The declension of surnames with a stressed vowel -a depends on the origin:

Surnames of French origin are not inclined: the novels of Alexandre Dumas, Fermat's theorem, the production of choreographer Petipa, student Anton Koles.
Slavic surnames from eastern languages change according to the first type of declension:

I.p. Olga Beda Ivan Vernigora R.p. Olga Beda Ivan Vernigora D.p. Olga Bede Ivan Vernigora V.p. Olga Beda Ivan Vernigor etc. Olga Beda Ivan Vernigora P.p. (about) Olga Bede (about) Ivan Vernigor

Surnames starting with the vowel -я

The declension of surnames into the vowel -я depends on the place of stress and origin:

Surnames of French origin with an accent on the end are not declined: the novels of Emile Zola, the ancestors of Henri Troyat.
All other surnames begin with -ya:

I.p. Irina Goddess Egor Agumaya R.p. Irina Goddess Egor Agamai D.p. Irina Goddess Yegor Agumaya In p. Irina Goddess Yegor Agumaya Etc. Irina Goddess Egor Agumaya P.p. (about) Irina Goddess (about) Yegor Agumai Note. Surnames with -iya have peculiarities in declension (see declension of names with -iya, such as Natalia): I.p. Georgy Danelia R.p. Georgiy Danelia D.p. Georgiy Danelia V.p. Georgiy Daneliya etc. Georgy Danelia P.p. (o) Georgiy Danelia SURNAMES ENDING IN -й/ -й, -ой Surnames formed from adjectives or participles are declined in the masculine and feminine gender as adjectives: I.p. Demyan Bedny Elena Bednaya Efim Betskoy R.p. Demyan Bedny Elena Bednaya Efim Betsky D.p. Demyan Bedny Elena Bednaya Efim Betsky V.p. Demyan Bedny Elena Bednaya Efim Betsky etc. Demyan Bedny Elena Bednaya Efim Betsky P.p. (about) Demyan Bedny (about) Elena Bednaya (about) Efim Betsky Note. Surnames of this kind should not be confused with similar surnames ending in -y, which do not have masculine and feminine correspondences. For example: Sergei Kolodiy and Elena Kolodiy, Dmitry Smagliy and Natalya Smagliy. They belong to the group of surnames with a consonant, -ь, -й, in which male surnames are modified as masculine nouns of the second declension, and female ones are not declined (see surnames with a consonant sound). Some surnames starting with -iy can function differently: either as modified according to the adjective model and having masculine and feminine correspondences (for example, Dmitry Topchiy - Eleonora Topchaya, a certificate was given to Dmitry Topchy - a certificate was given to Eleonora Topchaya), or as having no masculine and feminine correspondences (for example, Ivan Topchiy - Svetlana Topchiy) and changing in the masculine gender as nouns of the second declension, but not inflected in the feminine gender (certificate given to Ivan Topchiy - certificate given to Svetlana Topchiy) SURNAMES ending in -y, -i Russian surnames ending in - oh, -them, do not bow. For example: White, Brown, Zemsky, Plesovsky, Black, etc. Note. One should not confuse Russian surnames in –ikh, -ih with German surnames in –ih (Mr. Schmuttsikh - Mrs. Schmuttsikh), which in the masculine gender are inflected as masculine nouns of the second declension, but feminine ones are not declined (Gospodinu Schmuttsikh - Mrs. Schmuttsikh). See surnames with a consonant. Note: the list of surnames for each rule can be found in a separate file. E.A. Glotova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Russian Language and Linguodidactics, Omsk State Pedagogical University Based on materials from the book “On the Declension of First and Last Names: A Dictionary-Reference Book. Ser. “For the word in your pocket.” Vol. 3 / Ed. E.A. Glotova, N.N. Shcherbakova. – Omsk, 2011

Is Chun Young Bin Leaning? with respect, Olga Ivanova

If this male name, the last part is declined: Chun Young Bin.

In compound names and surnames of Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, the last part is declined (if it ends in a consonant).


	Question No. 296992

Good afternoon, dear Diploma! Please help me understand the declension of Chinese male names. For example, is it necessary to decline the name of the head of the Department? international cooperation Central Committee of the Communist Party of China - Song Tao? He is a man... I can’t find any corresponding indication in the rules. Thank you in advance.