What is a protectorate in history? What is a protectorate: examples from history

How many people know what a protectorate is? Probably not so much anymore. After all, today this word is practically not used, except in historical films and books. However, even some 200 years ago everyone knew its meaning. Therefore, let us plunge into the depths of history and try to understand what a protectorate is.

A special form of government

A protectorate is a special one in which one country recognizes the supremacy of another over itself. And although the former retains most of its rights and powers, its sovereignty is no longer considered absolute.

A semi-colonial form of government is what a protectorate is. If we analyze the internal structure of such relations, states are divided into two categories: protectorate (dependent country) and protector (dominant power).

What might be the relationship between such states?

We should start with the fact that the protector state (from the Latin protector - defender) takes responsibility for the future of another country. In this regard, a number of powers are transferred to him, allowing him to manage both internal and foreign policy protectorate. Moreover, most important decisions in the protectorate were made only with the permission of the Lord Protector.

As for the subordinate state, it functions with the rights of autonomy. That is, it has its own power, culture and economy. Yes, and minor problems and political issues can be resolved without the permission of the protector.

Examples of what a protectorate is in history

This form of government first appeared in the middle of the 17th century in England. It was then that the title of Lord Protector was introduced in this country. However, the era of protectorates flourished in the 18th-19th centuries, when Europe began to colonize countries in Africa and Asia. For example, Madagascar was a French protectorate (1885-1896). Korea also knew well what a protectorate was, since for 5 years (from 1905 to 1910) it was under the yoke of Japan.

1 . (from Latin protector - patron) - a form of dependence in which one state ("protector") takes upon itself the implementation of external relations of another ("protected") state (often called a protectorate), the protection of its territory. and actually puts his internal control under his control. affairs through your resident. From the end of the 19th century. P.'s form was widely used by colonialists to camouflage colonies. seizures and preparations for annexations. By the beginning of the 2nd World War, the following protectorates existed: British protectorates in Asia - Aden Protectorate, Socotra, Hadhramaut, Bahrain Islands, Brunei, Bhutan, Treaty Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Maldives, Muscat, Sarawak; British protectorates in Africa - Basutoland, Bechuanaland, Gambia Protectorate, Zanzibar and Pemba, Gold Coast Protectorate, Kenya Protectorate, Nigeria Protectorate, Nyasaland, Swaziland, British Somalia, Sierra Leone Protectorate, Uganda; protectorates of England in Oceania - Solomon Islands, Tonga Islands; French protectorates in Africa - Morocco, Tunisia. After World War II, many P. as a result of the national liberation. the struggle of their peoples became independent states. By 1968, the British territories remained: Bahrain Islands, Qatar, Muscat, 7 principalities of Treaty Oman, Swaziland, Brunei, Solomon Islands and Tonga Islands - with total area St. 190 thousand km 2 from us. approx. 1 million people 2 . military regime dictatorship in England in 1653-59. Was installed on Dec 16. 1653 and enshrined in the constitution (see “Tools of Government”), according to which all power was transferred to O. Cromwell as Lord Protector. According to its class. By nature, P. was a dictatorship of the gentry and bourgeoisie, but the top of the army was directly in power; a new layer of large landowners. P. was supposed to protect the new nobility and bourgeoisie from both attempts at restoration by the royalists and the revolutionaries. speeches wt. P.'s regime was met with strong opposition both from part of the propertied classes, who did not approve of the domination of the military, and from the democratic ones. circles After the death of O. Cromwell, his eldest son Richard renounced the title of Lord Protector (May 1659), power passed into the hands of the officers' council, and in 1660 the Stuart restoration was carried out. Lit. see under art. Cromwell O.

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Meaning of the word protectorate

protectorate in the crossword dictionary

protectorate

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

protectorate

protectorate, m. (from Latin protector - patron). A form of colonial enslavement, in which supreme control in a colonial country formally retains its former government system and its own administration, belongs to someone. imperialist state.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

protectorate

A, m. (special).

A form of dependence in which a weak country formally retains its state structure and a certain independence in internal affairs, is actually subordinated to another, stronger power.

A country in such a state of dependence. On the territory of the protectorate.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

protectorate

A form of subordination of a weak state to a stronger one, in which the weak state loses its independence.

A form of one-man dictatorship exercised by a person who rules the state until the heir to the throne comes of age or under special circumstances.

A state under the supreme control of another country.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

protectorate

one of the forms of state dependence, in which the protected state retains some independence in internal affairs, and its foreign relations, defense, etc. carried out by the metropolitan state.

Large legal dictionary

protectorate

in the XIX - first half of the XX centuries. a form of semi-colonial dependence of states. The protector state usually took upon itself such areas of state activity as foreign relations, high military command, justice, and collection of certain taxes. Often P. was only a transitional stage to complete colonial dependence. Nazi Germany established its borders in the Czech Republic, Moravia, and Slovakia after subjecting them to military occupation. At present, P. (like other forms of colonial dependence) does not exist.

Protectorate (disambiguation)

Protectorate :

• A protectorate is a form of interstate relations in which one country recognizes the supreme sovereignty of another, primarily in international relations, while maintaining autonomy in internal affairs and its own dynasty of rulers.
• Protectorate is the name of some dependent states, colonies and occupied territories.
• The Protectorate is a period in English history from 1653 to 1659.

Protectorate

Protectorate another state. A protected state is also called a protectorate. The state exercising a protectorate is called a protector. At the same time, the sovereignty of the protected state is partially delegated to the protector: the protected state is not completely sovereign in foreign affairs, while maintaining almost complete sovereignty in internal affairs (in particular, the form of government and, for example, its own dynasty of rulers are preserved). A protectorate shares similarities with a vassal state and a puppet state, but is distinct from them.

Examples of protectorates:

• Protectorates of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th-19th centuries: Crimean Khanate, Algeria, Tripolitania under protectorate;
• Rzeczpospolita in 1775 - 1791,
• Kartli-Kakheti kingdom in 1786 - 1801 under Russian protectorate;
• India of the Great Mughals in 1803 - 1858 under the protectorate of Great Britain;
• Junior Zhuz of the Kazakh Khanate under the protectorate of the Russian Empire

British protectorates also included Bahrain, Bechuanaland (modern Botswana), Aden, Uganda, and others.

After the First World War, a special type of protectorate arose - a mandated territory of the League of Nations. Unlike a protectorate state, a mandate state was limited by its obligations to the League of Nations; some of the mandated territories actually had no sovereignty in internal affairs and were completely governed by the mandated state. These were: Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq, Togo, Cameroon, South-West Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, Tanganyika, Marshall Islands, Western Samoa, Nauru.

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1939 - 1945, dependent on Germany, despite its name, was de facto a classic puppet state. Karachay in 1828-1834 under the protectorate of Russia, and from 1834-1865.

Currently, “associated states” are a kind of analogue of a protectorate.

Examples of the use of the word protectorate in literature.

Unfortunately, the Empire became a republic, and Ronald Morrison offered his services to the Yemen border that separated this medieval land from Aden protectorate.

It is only thanks to the Marxist-Leninist line of our party that Albania did not become and never will become protectorate Russians or anyone else.

West Africa, washed by the Atlantic Ocean Bern, the capital of Switzerland Berton, a bay on Lake Tanganyika, Bechuanaland in Africa, protectorate UK in South Africa, now the state of Botswana Bilaspur, a state in India, on the Deccan Plateau of Burma, a state in Southeast Asia off the coast of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.

The laughing ghoul was dragged into some basement, from which came the powerful snoring of an unknown beast, and, drowning it out, the brontosaurus Guguta was shouting something about the Red Book, under protectorate where it is located.

African possessions of Spain and protectorates Ifni, Rio de Oro and Fernando Po, the Canary and Balearic Islands, with the exception of Minorca, found themselves in the hands of the Moors and the foreign legion, raised by traitorous generals to revolt against the government of the Spanish Republic.

Probably if English protectorate continued for some time and the Ionian Islands would not have become part of the Hellenic Kingdom; all the streets of Corfu would have been lined with statues of the governors of these islands.

True, it cost the Czechs quite dearly - a lot of hostages, Lidice - but didn’t everyone hate Heydrich? protectorate, didn’t every resident of Prague wish him death?

Mazepa, supporters of Ukraine's independence under protectorate Poland or Sweden.

Moreover: it is a great historical happiness that Tolstoyanism did not take root in our country, otherwise we, at best, would have slipped into the era of Vladimir Monomakh, as happened in Iran in our own style, and in the worst case, we would have turned into a Franco-Anglo-German protectorate, like China during the decline of the Manchu dynasty, from where bread and oil would have been exported to the metropolis, and opium and chewing gum would have been imported.

In general, he does nothing more than put existing utilitarian ethics under protectorate categorical imperative.

If the Fijians finally decided to submit to the British protectorate, then only because in 1859 they were threatened by an invasion of the Tongans, which the United Kingdom prevented by sending here the notorious Pritchard, the same Pritchard who acted in Tahiti.

They wanted to convince the Sultan to hold elections, give the monarchy modern look, refuse protectorate and grant independence to Brunei.

Greenlandic tank divisions, made up partly from the legendary Russian T-72 vehicles, partly from invulnerable to missile weapons Salvarsan self-propelled guns, heavily crawled across the eternal ice of the Robson Strait, covered these two Danish miles, if you count in the old way, and if you count in the modern way, then twenty kilometers - and entered the poor soil of Ellesmere Island, which simple-minded Canadians for some reason not only considered theirs territory, but generally laughed at the Greenlandic threats to take over not only the ancient Inuit Ellesmere, not only all the so-called islands of the so-called Queen Elizabeth, but also Baffin Island up to the Hudson Strait inclusive - if Canada decides to resist, then occupy it all the way to Alaska and up to Vancouver and turn into Greenlandic protectorate.

If Brukhovetsky refuses, then Doroshenko thinks under the protection of the Turkish protectorate to extract Left Bank Ukraine by war, but he, Mazepa, is actually against such a plan.

A few days ago Canaris accompanied Hitler on his trip to the capital of the new protectorate.

lat. Protector - patron)

1. A form of dependence, mainly colonial, established as a result of an unequal treaty.

2. State or territory under such dependence.

3. The form of government in England in 1653-1659, when the head of the republic was a lifelong Lord Protector.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

PROTECTORATE

literally - patronage) - a form of international dependence of a state, established by an unequal agreement, according to which one state, the “protector”, determines foreign policy another, “protected” state. The latter is subordinate to the protector not only in the field of external relations, but also usually receives from him an adviser or resident in internal affairs, essentially depriving him of any independence.

Financial capital, ch. arr. colonial powers, in order to extract maximum profit, strives to subjugate and enslave other countries and peoples. “Financial capital is such a large, one might say decisive, force in all economic and all international relations that it is capable of subjugating and in fact subjugating even states enjoying complete political independence... But, of course, the greatest “conveniences” and the greatest benefits gives financial capital such subordination, which is associated with the loss of political independence of the subordinate countries and peoples" (V.I. Lenin, Soch., vol. 22, pp. 246–247). One of such forms of international dependence is P. Establishment of P . represents a violation of the generally accepted principles of modern international law. It contradicts the right of nations to self-determination enshrined in the UN Charter, and is a deal between imperialist states and the reactionary, usually feudal forces of “protected” states to the detriment of the national interests and development of the peoples of these countries. used by the largest colonial powers - Great Britain and France. Under British P. there are some states in Asia (Kowait, Oman and some Malay states) and in Africa (Zanzibar). Morocco and Tunisia are under P.. France.

During the period of the general crisis of capitalism, especially in its second stage, the situation of the world capitalist system became sharply more complicated. As a result of the Second World War and a new upsurge of national liberation struggles in colonial and dependent countries, the colonial system of imperialism is actually collapsing.

The national liberation movement is growing in Burma, Malaya, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Iran, Egypt and other countries, including in the states under the rule. In the struggle for their independence against the imperialist invaders, the colonial peoples use, in particular, and such forms as, for example, the Appeal of the peoples of Morocco and Tunisia to the 6th session General Assembly(1951) with complaints about the French colonialists.

The Soviet Union, which defends the principle of self-determination of nations up to the formation of an independent state and believes that a nation is sovereign and all nations are equal, has a sharply negative attitude towards paralysis as one of the forms of enslavement of peoples by imperialist states. The USSR comes out in defense of the just demands of dependent peoples for independence.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Protectorate

Protectorate

a form of colonial dependence in which the dependent state retains only some independence in internal affairs, while its external relations, defense and a number of other functions are carried out by the metropolitan state. At the same time, the protected state receives an adviser or head (resident) for internal affairs. In the history of international relations, it is often established by a unilateral act. Thus, in 1914, Great Britain, through a unilateral declaration, established a protectorate over Egypt, which had actually been occupied by it since 1882. In 1939, Nazi Germany established a protectorate over the Czech Republic and Moravia, which actually became victims of fascist aggression. As a tribute to tradition, Italy maintains the protectorate over San Marino (since 1862) and Switzerland over Liechtenstein (since 1924). Other examples of protectorates: Morocco (1912–56), Kuwait (1899–1961), Swaziland (1903–68), etc.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

See what a “protectorate” is in other dictionaries:

- (new Latin, from protector, protector, patron). 1) dignity, rank of protector, as for example. Cromwell's protectorate. 2) assistance provided by one state to another, less powerful one. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

protectorate- a, m. protectorat m., English. protectorate, German Protectorat. 1. A form of one-man dictatorship exercised by a person ruling the state until the heir to the throne comes of age or under special circumstances. BAS 1. Cromwell's Protectorate in England... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

- (protectorate) 1. The form of government in England in 1653–59, when Oliver Cromwell appointed himself Lord Protector (1653–58), and for a time under his son Richard, who became his successor. 2. A state under a protectorate... ... Political science. Dictionary.

In the 19th and first half of the 20th century. a form of semi-colonial dependence of states. The protector state usually took upon itself such areas of state activity as foreign relations, high military command, justice, collection of certain... ... Legal dictionary

One of the forms of state dependence, in which the protected state retains some independence in internal affairs, and its external relations, defense, etc. are carried out by the metropolitan state... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PROTECTORATE, protectorate, husband. (from Latin protector patron). A form of colonial enslavement, in which the supreme government in a colonial country, formally retaining its previous state structure and its own administration, ... ... Dictionary Ushakova

PROTECTORATE, huh, husband. (specialist.). 1. A form of dependence, in which a weak country, while formally maintaining its state structure and some independence in internal affairs, is actually subordinated to another, stronger power. 2. Country,... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (from Latin protector covering, protecting) English. protectorat; German Protectorat. 1. Dominance established as a result of an unequal treaty and characterized by preservation in a dependent country external signs statehood under... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 state (36) protection (2) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

protectorate- A form of colonial dependence of states, in which the protector state carries out foreign relations and decides other important policy issues of the subordinate state... Dictionary of Geography

Protectorate- (from Latin protector, protector; English protectorate) 1) in international law originally based on international treaty a legal relationship by virtue of which special mutual relations were established between strong and weak states... ... Encyclopedia of Law

Books

• Our new protectorate. Description of the geographical, ethnographic and economic properties of Turkish Asia. Translation from English. , McCoan Carlisle. The book is a reprint of 1884. Despite the fact that serious work has been done to restore the original quality of the publication, some pages may...