Svetlana alliluyeva her children personal life. "Svetlana Alliluyeva
She was destined to be the daughter of a man who was idolized and hated by millions of people. Svetlana Alliluyeva was born on February 28, 1926. She was called the Kremlin, or Red, Princess. And all her life she tried to get away from the formidable shadow of her father Joseph Stalin and be just a happy woman.
Father's daughter
SVETLANA ALLILUEVA WITH BROTHER VASILY AND FATHER JOSEPH STALIN, 1935 WIKIPEDIA
She was born freedom-loving and tried to do what she wanted, and not her father Joseph Stalin, his assistants, other leaders of the country and the KGB. When Sveta was six years old, her mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva shot herself. The girl was told that she died due to illness. And only years later, while working as a translator, Svetlana saw an article in a Western magazine about the death of her mother.
They say that before committing suicide, Stalin's wife wrote him two letters. One, full of indignation, with accusations and claims. The second is from a loving mother, with instructions on how to care for children and what to pay attention to.
Sveta was the third child of the leader and his favorite. According to the recollections of the entourage of Joseph Vissarionovich, he was very worried about the death of Alliluyeva. And really tried to follow her advice, to be a good father. He checked the diaries of Vasily and Sveta, the adopted son of Artem (Stalin practically did not communicate with the elder Yakov, from his first wife Ekaterina Svanidze, who at that time was already 25).
The leader paid special attention to his daughter, as her father worried about her future, called her "sparrow". But at the same time, he did not know how to behave with a maturing girl, a future woman. Once, he saw a photo in which Svetlana was depicted in a skirt one finger above the knee, and made a terrible scandal. Another time, he sent a letter to his daughter by plane with one single word: “Prostitute!”.
Later, Svetlana wrote in her diaries that her nanny, an illiterate old woman, was engaged in her upbringing. And her father treated her like an adult. And she was afraid to go against his will. True, for the time being.
Out of court
LITTLE SVETLANA ALLILUEVA SITTING IN BERIA'S HANDS. WIKIPEDIA
Svetlana's first love was Sergo Beria, who was two years older. He came to her school in the ninth grade. Alliluyeva's best school friend was Marfa Peshkova, the granddaughter of Maxim Gorky. The girls sat at the same desk. And Sveta constantly told Martha about the wonderful Sergo, how she met him in Gagra.
She really loved the tall, slender brunette, well-mannered, intelligent, and fluent in German. She wanted to marry him, and her father approved of her daughter's interest in young man. However, Sergo fell in love with the beautiful Marfa.
Lavrenty Beria did not want Sergo to marry the dictator's daughter. He knew that sooner or later Stalin would die, and his activities would raise many questions. Beria married Marfa, they had two daughters and a son. And after the wedding, the friends stopped talking.
According to Peshkova, Alliluyeva loved Beria for a long time. Already married, and having given birth to a son, she went to Sergo with her brother Vasily. And Marfa reprimanded that she should not have married him, because she knew about her feelings for him. Svetlana constantly called them at home, but when Martha answered the phone, she was silent for a few seconds and hung up. She hoped to win over Sergo, but did not cause any feelings in him, except for irritation.
Looking for Joy
The first novel happened to Sveta during the war. In order to somehow distract herself from feelings for Sergo, she accepted the courtship of the famous screenwriter Alexei Kapler. At that time, the girl was 17, and the playwright was almost 40. A lot is being written about this novel now, but, according to the recollections of Alliluyeva's relatives, the lovers had a purely platonic relationship.
They walked a lot, went to the theater, cinema, museums. When Stalin found out about this relationship, he ordered his bodyguard Nikolai Vlasik to deal with Kapler. The general invited the screenwriter to leave the capital for a while, but he refused. As a result, Kapler was sentenced to five years and exiled to Vorkuta. And two years later, Alliluyeva married a friend of her brother Grigory Iosifovich Morozov. She later wrote in her diaries that she did not love this man, but dreamed of breaking free from her father's care.
Stalin did not approve of his daughter's marriage and was indignant that she had married a Jew. However, he gave them a separate apartment. Unlike Svetlana, Morozov adored his wife and dreamed of in large numbers children. In May 1945, their son Joseph was born. Alliluyeva did not hesitate to tell that she had four abortions from Morozov and there was one more miscarriage. After that, she divorced.
But her father had already chosen another suitor for her, and in 1949 she married Yuri Zhdanov, the son of the same Politburo member Andrei Zhdanov, whose death in 1948 led to the famous “doctors' case”. Svetlana did not want to sign, but was afraid to resist the will of her father. Having given birth to her daughter Ekaterina in 1950 and almost dying, Alliluyeva left her husband, leaving him little Katya.
The third time Svetlana Iosifovna married after the death of her father, in 1957. Ivan Svanidze became her chosen one. He was the son of one of the closest friends of the leader Alexander Svanidze, who was repressed in 1941. Moreover, Alliluyeva's new husband was the nephew of Stalin's first wife, Kato Svanidze, who gave birth to his first child, Yakov. Two years later, Svanidze filed for divorce, as he learned about his wife's numerous lovers. Now it is assumed that he married Svetlana because of revenge. After all, at one time he asked to help him, to put in a word with his father when his parents were arrested. But Alliluyeva did not do this, and at the age of 16 he was locked up for five years in a mental hospital, and then exiled to the mines of Kazakhstan for the same period.
You have to pay for happiness
SVETLANA ALLILUEVA, 1970 WIKIMEDIA
According to the leader's daughter, she loved only one man in her life. It was the Indian communist Brajesh Singh. They met in the hospital, where both were treated. At that time, Alliluyeva had already ceased to be the Kremlin princess, she lost all benefits and worked at the Institute of World Literature.
They say that there she had an affair, first with the married writer Andrei Sinyavsky, then with the poet David Samoilov. And then that fateful meeting happened. The Indian was from rich family and 15 years older than her. According to Svetlana's memoirs, he introduced her to the "Kama Sutra", and for the first time she knew what true love is.
They dreamed of getting married, but the then chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin was categorically against and prevented the formalization of relations. And in 1966, Singh died of cancer, and such a long-awaited happiness again turned away from Alliluyeva. She obtained permission to go to India in order, according to the will of her common-law husband, to scatter his ashes over the Ganges.
In a foreign country, her life changed forever. She really liked India, and she wanted to live there for about a month to get to know the culture to which her beloved belonged. But at the Soviet embassy she was told that she must immediately return to her homeland. And then Alliluyeva went to the American embassy and asked for political asylum.
SVETLANA ALLILUEVA AFTER A PRESS CONFERENCE IN NEW YORK, 1967 WIKIMEDIA
It became a shock, a sensation for the whole world. The West rejoiced: Stalin's daughter does not recognize the ideals of her country. Already in the United States in 1970, she married for the fourth time. Why she did this, probably, even Svetlana herself could not explain. She married the architect William Peters, taking his last name and becoming Lana Peters.
Under this name, the Red Princess will die in 2011. And the new spouse Lana (short for Svetlana) at the age of 44 gave birth to a daughter, Olga Peters, who later changed her name to Chris Evans, in the 73rd she will divorce him. After that, she will dangle along different countries, write memoirs and books. And Svetlana Alliluyeva will be able to find long-awaited peace only in a nursing home located near the American town of Madison, where she will die alone at the age of 85.
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As the son of Stalin, Yakov died in German captivity. "I don't change a soldier for a field marshal"
A book by a Canadian historian, honorary professor at the University of Toronto, “Stalin's Daughter. The extraordinary and stormy life of Svetlana Alliluyeva. The book is based on previously unknown documents from American, British, Russian and Georgian archives, as well as numerous interviews of the author with relatives and friends of Svetlana Alliluyeva. This weighty volume - 740 pages - became a bestseller in London.
On November 22, 2011, an 85-year-old resident of a local nursing home named Lana Peters died of cancer in a hospital in the American town of Richmond, Wisconsin. The body was cremated, and the ashes, according to the will, were scattered by the daughter of the late Chris Evans over Pacific Ocean. Thus ended the stormy earthly journey of Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva, by her last (fifth) marriage - Lana Peters. Her death went almost unnoticed, although almost half a century earlier, Alliluyeva caused a worldwide sensation when she fled the Soviet Union for the West in March 1967. Then she was in her 42nd year, Alliluyeva had already fled from India, where she brought the ashes of her common-law husband, the Indian communist Brajesh Singh, from Moscow for burial. Shortly before this, the Indian Ambassador to the USSR, Triloki Kaul, a close friend of Singh, sent the manuscript of her book "Twenty Letters to a Friend" to India.
Alliluyeva's escape was a heavy blow to the prestige of the USSR. Four books published in the West by the daughter of the "leader of all progressive mankind" did even more to debunk the Soviet regime: "Twenty Letters to a Friend", "Only One Year", "Distant Music", "A Book for Granddaughters". A talented writer, candidate of philological sciences, a former researcher at the Moscow Institute of World Literature, left her homeland, leaving two children in Moscow. Her throwing around the world was reflected both in her character and in her books. From the USA Svetlana moved to England. In 1984 she returned to her homeland with her daughter from another marriage. She lived in Georgia, two years later she asked to return to America. All her life she was haunted by fear: knowing the Soviet system from the inside, she was afraid of the retribution of the KGB. This fear was justified. In 1992, the Washington Times published the testimony of a KGB officer who fled to the West, who claimed that his department had at one time discussed a plan to eliminate Svetlana Alliluyeva. The plan was not carried out only out of fear that there might be a leak to the FBI.
Svetlana was seven years old when her mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva committed suicide in 1932. It was hidden from her. She learned about her mother's suicide as an adult, and this left a seal on her entire subsequent life. In one of her books, Svetlana Alliluyeva writes: "I regret that my mother did not marry a carpenter. Wherever I go - to Switzerland, India, Australia, to some island - I will everywhere be a political prisoner named after my father" . What was Svetlana's attitude towards her father? What connected them? the author of the book "Stalin's Daughter" answers the questions of Radio Liberty.
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Pop out playerIn one letter to a friend, she wrote: “To be Russian means never to say the word “sorry”
- It was a paradoxical relationship. On the one hand, part of Alliluyeva’s memories of a happy childhood was the memory of her father’s attitude towards her: his loving letters from Sochi, parcels with tangerines and oranges, and on the other, the gradual realization that her father was responsible for the wave of terror that hit the country. At the end of her life, Svetlana said that she would never forgive her father. "You must understand," she said, "that he ruined my life." She often said that the Russians must finally come to terms with who Stalin was. In one letter to a friend, she wrote: “Being Russian means never uttering the word“ sorry. ”She noted that painful and honest condemnations of Stalin’s crimes are necessary and that the uncondemned past is resurrected in the future. At that time, she called Stalin not a father, but "Our relative Stalin". But even then Svetlana recalled how glad she was as a child to walk with her father in his car and how happy she was when he praised her. So the memory of her father, the attitude towards him were contradictory and ambiguous. If you are a daughter Stalin and keep happy childhood memories and at the same time realize the crimes he committed, then you inevitably try to somehow balance it.She condemned the Stalinist regime and at the same time understood that her father loved her in his own way.
- In your book, you quote the historian Robert Tucker, who wrote about Svetlana: "Despite everything, in some sense she was like her father." What do you think of the personality of Svetlana Alliluyeva after studying her life?
The word "stormy", in my opinion, is still more suitable for describing Alliluyeva's life than the word "adventurous"
- Tucker's words were one opinion, and the other was the opinion of her nephew, the son of Vasily Stalin, Alexander Burdonsky, whom I interviewed in Moscow and who called Svetlana a tragic figure. Burdonsky also noted that Svetlana was the daughter of her father: "She borrowed from her father his will, his intellect, but did not borrow his vindictiveness and ruthlessness," he said. My personal opinion about her was formed from conversations with her relatives, friends and acquaintances. In America, many have formed an opinion about its imbalance. This is largely due to the fact that Alliluyeva's American life began in Princeton, a small university town where she was under pressure. She was persuaded to become a biographer of her father, which Alliluyeva did not want. In England, a different opinion arose about her. “Svetlana was as hard as a rock,” the ladies who knew her there assured me with one voice. They denied the windiness and inconstancy of Alliluyeva and admired her nobility. As a biographer of Svetlana Alliluyeva, I had to analyze the opinions of people who knew her and her own judgments. As a result, I had an image of a woman, which to a large extent coincided with the opinion of Chris Evans - the daughter of Svetlana, whose childhood name was Olga. Chris dearly loved her mother, she had a close relationship with her. At times she even felt like her mother's mother. For her, the death of her mother was a tragedy. In my opinion, Svetlana's ability for deep and selfless love and affection speaks much more about her than all the gossip of her critics, they outweigh her shortcomings.
- In the subtitle of your book, you call the life of Svetlana Alliluyeva extraordinary and stormy. Don't you think that this life was also adventurous? It is estimated that during her life she changed her place of residence 39 times...
- The most noticeable feature of Svetlana's character was impulsiveness. At times she seemed balanced and calm, and at other times very impulsive, impulsive, even headstrong. Her first marriage, when she married Grigory Morozov in 1944, was largely impulsive. Stalin refused to meet her husband, and saw her son from this marriage only four times. Svetlana always explained this by the fact that Morozov was a Jew. She married against her father's wishes. Her next husband was Yuri Zhdanov, and this was clearly done to please her father. In my book, I write that her impulse to apply in 1967 to the American embassy in New Delhi for political asylum was also impulsive. And her marriage to Wesley Peters was also impulsive. Reflection was not characteristic of Alliluyeva. The word "stormy", in my opinion, is still more suitable to describe her life than the word "adventurous". On the other hand, this life was also very unusual, extraordinary - after all, it took place against the backdrop of the turbulent events of the twentieth century, which significantly influenced her life. When Svetlana moved to the USA, it turned out that she did not understand two fundamental factors American life: the role of money and public opinion. She blew a huge fortune, and the role of public opinion was beyond her understanding. Absolutely opposite things were written about her in America - from the most negative to the most positive. At the same time, they were not allowed to be just Svetlana, but only Stalin's daughter. In London, I met the Mexican diplomat Raul Ortiz, who was a friend of Svetlana. He told me an interesting thing: "Svetlana did not aspire to settle down and stability. She felt like a wanderer, a pilgrim in an imaginary world, where she was looking for peace, first of all." I think that this craving for spirituality is impressive first of all.
Was she a believer?
- She was baptized in 1962 in Moscow, becoming Orthodox. IN Soviet time this was not approved by the authorities and was contrary to communist doctrine. I suspect that this act attracted her because of its dissident, rebellious nature. This happened not without the influence of Andrei Sinyavsky, with whom she then had an affair. And at the end of 1962, she married in a Moscow church with her cousin Ivan Svanidze - this was her third marriage, which lasted only a year. Throughout her life, Svetlana was interested in different religions: Hinduism, interest in which arose under the influence of Brajesh Singh, then Buddhism, Catholicism. True, she was never able to find a suitable confession for herself, although she always believed that there was some higher power behind the universe. Of course, her life had a certain spiritual dimension. I remember her last letter to her youngest daughter Olga. In it, she wrote that after death, she, as well as her mother Nadezhda and her grandmother Olga, would observe the life of her daughter and that human life was not limited to earthly life. There was a spiritual moment in her religious quest, but there was absolutely no interest in the church as an institution.
- Svetlana Alliluyeva was reproached for being a bad mother, that, having fled to the West in 1967, she left two children in Moscow. Are these accusations fair?
– When Svetlana ended up in India, she initially had no intention of seeking asylum in the West. At that time, her son Joseph was 22 years old, he was going to become a doctor. Daughter Katya was 16 years old, she was still in school and later became a volcanologist. The children maintained good relations with their fathers - Joseph with Morozov, Katya with Zhdanov. Svetlana was sure that the government would not repress children. However, they were forced to denounce the mother. Here the notorious Victor Louis played an important role, who, on the instructions of the KGB, tried to prevent the publication of Alliluyeva's book "Twenty Letters to a Friend" in America by handing it over to an English publishing house in an abridged and censored form. There is a curious photograph of this famous provocateur in the company of Joseph and Katya. It was Louis who made them condemn their mother and talk in interviews about her unbalanced character. In Moscow, I spoke with Leonid Alliluyev, and he confirmed that at first Joseph refused to comment on the flight of his mother, but he was allegedly expelled from Moscow and returned only when he agreed to this. All this is quite difficult to understand. When in 1984 Svetlana returned to Soviet Union, she said that she was afraid to write to children, afraid to compromise them. Whenever one of her acquaintances visited the Soviet Union, she asked to inquire about the children. All this can only be blamed on the cruel and inhuman political system making it impossible for the mother to reunite with her children.
- Alliluyeva insisted that her romance with screenwriter Alexei Kapler, who had so angered Stalin, was platonic. Is it so?
Fate did not spoil Svetlana Alliluyeva at all, despite the fact that she was the beloved daughter of Joseph Stalin. Even as a child, her father gave her expensive gifts, but life with the leader of the peoples was unbearable. Her mother committed suicide, unable to bear life with a dictator. Stalin, who was experiencing the death of his wife, tried to be a good father to his children, but Svetlana tried to do what she wanted, which is why Stalin was tough on her upbringing.
She dreamed of becoming a writer, improving her personal life and becoming a simple happy wife and mother, but the formidable shadow of her father haunted her all her life. Alliluyeva got married, gave birth to heirs to her husbands, changed lovers, but she met her old age as a lonely man, whom even her own children rejected. Death overtook an 85-year-old woman when she lived in a nursing home in the US city of Richland County.
Difficult female fate
Even in her youth, the girl fell in love with the son of Lavrenty Beria - Sergo, who conquered her not only with her tall stature and beauty, but also with her upbringing and good education. The girl told her friend Martha, the granddaughter of Maxim Gorky, about who captured her heart. Sveta dreamed of marrying him and even shared her secrets with her father. Despite the fact that his father was not against this candidacy, the young man's father, Lavrenty Beria, wanted to protect him from such a party. But soon Sergo fell in love with Martha, whom he later married. After their wedding, Stalin's daughter stopped communicating with her friend and then for a long time could not forget the handsome man. She hoped to eventually win him back from her rival, but he only brushed her off in annoyance.
Alexey Kapler To forget the unhappy love, the 17-year-old girl accepted the courtship of the 40-year-old screenwriter Alexei Kapler. She was interested in this adult man, but there was a purely platonic relationship between them. Svetlana went with him to the theater and cinema with pleasure, walked the streets. When the father found out who his daughter was dating, he demanded that the screenwriter immediately leave the capital. The man refused, then, on the orders of Stalin, he was convicted and exiled to Vorkuta.
Grigory Morozov - the first husband of Svetlana Alliluyeva Alliluyeva dreamed of leaving her father's house as soon as possible, so she got married at the age of 19. Her chosen one was Grigory Morozov, a classmate of her brother Vasily. According to Svetlana herself, she did not have feelings for her husband, but she did not want to wait for love. The leader of the peoples, although he was dissatisfied with the alliance with the Jew, nevertheless gave the newlyweds an apartment. Her husband loved her and dreamed of replenishment in the family. In 1945, the son of Joseph was born, however, Alliluyeva did not want to give birth anymore from an unloved man, whom she soon divorced.
with second husband Yuri Zhdanov Soon, Stalin himself found her a fiancé, Yuri Zhdanov, the son of Politburo member Andrei Zhdanov. Svetlana was afraid to contradict her father, agreeing to marry a second time in 1949. A year later, she gave birth to a daughter, Catherine, but did not live with her husband, leaving the baby in his care. Svetlana tried to find her female happiness even after the death of her father: in 1957, Ivan Svanidze, the son of Alexander Svanidze, who was repressed by her father in 1941, became her husband. This marriage also quickly outlived itself: the woman was unfaithful to her husband, who soon found out about her adventures.
In her memoirs, she admitted that her beloved man was the Indian Brajesh Singh, 15 years older than her. The acquaintance of the lovers happened at a time when they were treated in the same hospital. The Indian communist taught Alliluyeva a lot, and only with him did she know what passion and love are. The lovers wanted to start a family, but Soviet officials did not allow her to legalize marriage with a foreigner. In 1966, the Indian died of cancer, and Svetlana managed to travel to the homeland of her beloved, where she scattered the ashes of her beloved over the river. The woman wanted to live in India for a while, but she was refused.
In the photo, Svetlana Alliluyeva with her five husband William Peters and their common daughter Olga Then she decided to emigrate to the United States. In 1970, Stalin's daughter married the architect William Peters, after which she became, according to documents, like Lana Peters. This short-term marriage did not bring her anything, except for the birth of another daughter, Olga, whom she gave birth to at the age of 44. Having filed a divorce from her fourth husband, Svetlana rode around the world and did her favorite thing - she wrote memoirs and books.
How was the life of her children
Alliluyeva's eldest son was adopted by her ex-husband, Yuri Zhdanov. Iosif Grigoryevich pursued a medical career, becoming a highly qualified cardiologist. He worked for many years in the capital's academy and wrote a lot scientific papers. In his personal life there were two families, one of which had a son, Ilya. Iosif Grigorievich died in 2008, but his mother never came to Russia to see her eldest son on his last journey.
In the photo, the eldest son of Svetlana Alliluyeva - Joseph Daughter Ekaterina settled in one of the villages of Kamchatka, where she is an employee of the Institute of Volcanology. After Alliluyeva left the girl, her mother-in-law was engaged in her upbringing. Ekaterina was educated and left Moscow forever. She got married and had a daughter. The husband drank a lot and died of cirrhosis of the liver. After his death, the woman became unsociable and now communicates only with her relatives. Upon learning of the death of Alliluyeva, she told reporters that she did not know this woman.
My youngest daughter Stalin's daughter handed Olga over to a boarding school when she was 11 years old. Now she sells souvenirs and has her own small shop. She did not succeed in starting a family, as she divorced her husband. Olga kept in touch with her mother during her lifetime and often talked to her on the phone.
She did not follow in her father's footsteps, preferring "life behind the scenes", and wrote memoirs in which she denounced the party elite and showed Stalin from an unexpected side.
Father's death
Svetlana developed a very controversial relationship with her father, whose shadow haunted her throughout her life. But even despite their numerous conflicts, his death was a real blow for Alliluyeva, a turning point in her life: “Those were terrible days then. The feeling that something habitual, stable and durable has shifted, shaken…”.
Probably, nowhere today you will find so many warm words about Joseph Stalin, as in the memoirs of Alliluyeva, who herself later admitted that in last days of his life she loved him more than anything. Iosif Vissarionovich was dying for a long time and painfully, the blow did not give him an easy death. The last moment of the leader was completely terrible: “At the last minute, he suddenly opened his eyes and looked around at everyone who was standing around. It was a terrible look, either insane or angry and full of horror before death and before the unfamiliar faces of the doctors who bent over him. This look went around everyone in a fraction of a minute. And then, it was incomprehensible and scary, he suddenly lifted up left hand and either pointed it somewhere up, or threatened all of us. The next moment, the soul, having made the last effort, escaped from the body.
And then the power of the so hated Alliluyeva Lavrenty Beria began, whom she would call more than once in her “letters” “a scoundrel, a creeping bastard and a murderer of her family”, the only person who, according to him, rejoiced at the leader’s death: “Only one person behaved almost indecent - Beria. He was excited to the extreme, his face, already disgusting, now and then distorted from the passions bursting him. And his passions were - ambition, cruelty, cunning, power, power ... He tried so hard, at this crucial moment, how not to outwit, how not to outwit! When it was all over, he was the first to jump out into the corridor and in the silence of the hall, where everyone stood silently around the bed, his loud voice was heard, not hiding the triumph: “Khrustalev! car!
"Orders"
All children have their own games, Svetlana Alliluyeva also had her own. From childhood, the leader's daughter played "orders", the father himself came up with the tradition, and it became an obligatory component of the life of his children. The bottom line was that the daughter did not have to ask for something, only to order: “Well, what are you asking for!” - he said, "only order, and we will immediately fulfill everything." Hence the touching letters: “Setanke the hostess. You must have forgotten the folder. That's why you don't write to him. How is your health? Are you not sick? How do you spend your time? Are the dolls alive? I thought that you would send an order soon, but there is no order, how not. Not good. You offend the folder. Well, kiss. Waiting for your letter". Stalin always signed under the order: “daddy” or “secretary”.
Mother
The image of her mother, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Svetlana cherished all her life, despite the fact that she spent very little time with her, she was only six when Stalin's second wife died. And during her lifetime, Nadezhda spent little time with her daughter, it was not in the order of emancipated women to babysit children.
Nevertheless, it is life with her mother at the dacha in Zubatovo that Sveta connects her best memories. She independently managed the household, found the best educators for the children. After her death, Alliluyeva recalls, the whole house was transferred to state control, from where a crowd of servants appeared, who looked at us as "an empty place."
Stalin's second wife shot herself in her room on the night of November 8-9, 1932, the reason was another quarrel with her husband, whom she, according to her recollections, loved dearly all her life. Naturally, the children were not told about this, Sveta learned the terrible secret about suicide many years later: “They told me later, when I was already an adult, that my father was shocked by what had happened. He was shocked because he did not understand: why? Why was he given such a terrible blow to the back? He said that he himself did not want to live anymore. At times, some kind of anger, rage found on him. Stalin took her death as a betrayal, besides, Nadezhda left her husband a long accusatory letter, which subsequently untied his hands. Repressions began in the country.
Lucy Kapler
But it was by no means the death of the mother that played a decisive role in aggravating the conflict between “fathers and children”.
The Stalinist daughter had many novels, and each of them is remarkable for something. Alexei Kapler, nicknamed "Lucy", became the first love of the "general's daughter", with whom she had to part very quickly - dad did not approve.
This story took place during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. Lusya conceived a new film about pilots and came to Zubatovo to consult with Sveta's brother, Vasily. Well, then, long walks, going to the cinema: “Lucy was for me then the smartest, kindest and most wonderful person. He opened the world of art to me - unfamiliar, unknown. Nothing foreshadowed trouble until Pravda published a careless article by an ardent lover from Stalingrad, where Kapler went on the eve of the battle. The “letter” of a certain lieutenant to his beloved completely betrayed the author, the last words were especially bold: “Now in Moscow, probably, snowing. From your window you can see the battlements of the Kremlin.”
Clouds began to gather over the couple. It became obvious to the lovers that they should part, besides, Lucy planned a business trip to Tashkent. The last meeting was reminiscent of “Shakespearean passions”: “We could no longer talk. We kissed silently, standing side by side. We were bitter and sweet. We were silent, looked into each other's eyes, and kissed. Then I went to my house, tired, broken, anticipating trouble.
And the trouble really happened, the next morning Lucy Capela was “asked” to Lubyanka, from where he went not on a business trip, but to prison on charges of having connections with foreigners. A day later, an angry dad burst into Svetlana: “No way
could find a Russian!” - Kapler's Jewish roots irritated Stalin the most.
exotic romance
Fate did not favor Svetlana with happy novels. Another personal tragedy and at the same time great happiness was her relationship with Brajesha Singh, the heir to a rich and noble Indian family. When they met in 1963 in the Kremlin hospital, Brajeshey was already terminally ill - he had advanced lung ephimesis. Nevertheless, you can’t order your heart, the lovers moved to Sochi, where soon the Hindu proposed to Svetlana. But the marriage was refused, saying that in this case, Brajeshey would take her abroad legally. Svetlana claimed that she was not going to live in India, but would like to go there as a tourist. Kosygin refused this too. Meanwhile, in Moscow, he was getting worse. Alliluyeva was sure that he was "specially treated like that." She begged Kosygin to let her and her husband (as she called Brajeshey) go to India, she was again refused. She was able to see the homeland of her lover only accompanied by his ashes, Brajesh died in her arms on October 31, 1966.
overseas epic
With the death of Brajesh, Svetlana's life abroad began. After her trip to India, she became a "non-returner", her citizenship was nullified in the USSR. “I didn’t think on December 19, 1966, that this would be my last day in Moscow and in Russia,” Alliluyeva later recalled in her book “Only One Year”. But the big name did not leave her abroad either, Svetlana was supported by the CIA - for America of the times cold war it was good to have the daughter of a great dictator who had fled her own country. Another Soviet diplomat, Mikhail Trepykhalin, argued that Alliluyeva's presence in the United States could "undermine" relations between Washington and Moscow. Now it is difficult to judge exactly what connections Alliluyeva had with the US special services; her dossier, published after her death, has undergone serious revision. On the one hand, she thanked America for the miraculous rescue: “Thanks to the CIA - they took me out, didn’t leave me and printed my Twenty Letters to a Friend. On the other hand, the following words are attributed to her: “For forty years of living here, America has not given me anything.”
Goodbye Russia
Svetlana spent most of her life abroad. In her memoirs, she described longing for her homeland, the joy of returning at the end of 1984: “As I understand it, everyone who returned to Russia after emigrating from France, where life was not so unsettled ... I understand those who did not leave for relatives abroad, returning from camps and prisons - no, they do not want, after all, to leave Russia! No matter how cruel our country, no matter how difficult our land<…>none of us, who are attached by heart to Russia, will ever betray her and leave her, and will not run away from her in search of Comfort. The return was not easy for her, Gorbachev personally received permission for her entry. But the shadow of her father, which inexorably pursued her all her life, did not allow her to get along peacefully in her homeland. In 1987, she left the USSR forever, which, however, did not remain long either. Svetlana Alliluyeva, the Kremlin princess, ended her days in 2011 in a nursing home in Richland, USA.
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