Kremlevskaya embankment 1 9 renovation. The building of the Russian Book Chamber now

The house near the Stone Bridge on the Kremlin Embankment is the main building of the Russian Book Chamber. The location in the very heart of the capital is so well suited for housing the country's main book and bibliology center that one might think that the Chamber existed here from the beginning. But that's not true.

Before the war, the All-Russian Book Chamber was located on Novinsky Boulevard, in the “Gagarin House”.

It was a wonderful example of an elegant Moscow Empire style - a building in 1817 designed by Osip Bove, typical of the “noble capital”: something between a cozy landowner’s estate and a luxurious city mansion.

During the first fascist air raid on Moscow - July 22 - the building of the Book Chamber caught fire from an incendiary bomb. Director Korobov, who was at work at the time, and the Chamber staff on duty put out the fire. But the next night the raid repeated...

Eyewitnesses recall, “... how terribly the Book Chamber burned on Novinsky, that is, on Tchaikovsky Street, almost next to Vosstaniya Square, and my father and I, just leaving the bomb shelter, from the Widow’s House, went to look at the fire; it was our favorite mansion, an elegant, light Empire style with a semicircular gallery, all filled with books. Dozens of fire engines could not control the fire, and into the night sky, when the roof collapsed, fiery books shot out of the fire from the tightly packed shelves...” (M. Belkina. “Crossing of Fates”).

Catalogs and card indexes, manuscripts, archival documents, most of the scientific book library, not to mention accounting and equipment, were lost; The printing house was damaged.

Part of the surviving fund of the Chamber was evacuated to Chkalov (Orenburg); everything else existed “on wheels” for more than a year, in random premises, literally anywhere. Only in July 1942 were fire victims allocated a decent building - house No. 1 on the Kremlin embankment.

This house has an interesting, long and, in a sense, instructive history.

Since the beginning of the 18th century, almost the entire area between Lenivka Street and the Kremlin was occupied by a vast city estate. The first mention of residential development on this site dates back to the 1740s. At this time, the plot belonged to Zotov, a sergeant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, and local historians claim that his famous grandfather - Nikita Zotov, “prince-pope” at the All-Joking Cathedral of Peter - “had a house in these places back in 1716.” Researcher Alexander Mozhaev believes that the “Prince-Papa’s Polata” mentioned in documents of the Peter the Great era was located near the Kremlin, and “the most drunken assemblies” with the participation of “the humble Anikita” and “Protodeacon Pakhom”<непристойное прозвище>Mikhailov" took place here.

According to historian S.K. Romanyuk, Zotov the grandson built the main house - on the embankment, “facing” the river and “left side” to the Kremlin.

After the 1780s, the estate changed owners more than once, each of whom was engaged in reconstruction and alterations. In modern literature, the former main house is often referred to as the “Alyabyev house”. It is known that Senator A.V. Alyabyev bought the estate in 1805 from a certain Kriegs Commissioner Shatilova. Through the efforts of Mr. Senator, two wings were added to the main house; At the same time, the building “grew” a little in height due to the mezzanine. Contrary to the hopes of fans of urban legends, Alyabyev’s son, a participant in the 12th war, a famous amateur composer, did not live in this house and did not sing romances here. After Patriotic War a front yard was built in front of the house; in the 1820s, a portico with six Corinthian columns, also known as a balcony, appeared.

During the 19th century, the estate continued to change owners and be rebuilt. At the end of the 1860s, a certain Popov, a collegiate secretary, settled here and set up a vodka factory on the territory of the estate. Upon the death of the entrepreneur, the company was inherited by his wife, and then passed to the Partnership of the Successors of the Widow Popova.

In the 1910s, the main house housed commercial school; one of the neighboring buildings was rented out to theater troupes, the other housed a cinema. It was owned by the famous philanthropist Pyotr Solodovnikov.

In October 1717 there were machine guns on the roof of the school - rebel cadets fired at the approaches to the Kremlin.

Approximately a third of the territory of the estate on the Kremlin side was “liquidated” in the mid-30s, when construction of the new Kamenny Bridge began (architects Shchuko, Gelfreich, Minkus, engineer Kalmykov, 1936-38). The main building of the estate turned out to be actually on a construction site, however, which is typical, they did not move it or demolish it, although as a result the mansion with a mezzanine almost ran into the monumental staircase descending from the bridge to the embankment.

On the other side of the former estate, construction was also underway - on the site of the bombed Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the foundation of the gigantic Palace of the Soviets was already being concreted. Boris Iofan supervised the work; the same Gelfreich and Shchuko were involved in participation; The design workshop was located in a house on the embankment.

Perhaps the mansion would have been demolished later, during the improvement of the area between the Palace of the Soviets and the Kremlin, but the war interrupted construction, the design office partially curtailed its work, and the building was temporarily empty.

So, by order of comrade. Mayorov, chairman of the executive committee of the Moscow City Council of Workers' Deputies, on July 10, 1942, ordered: “In connection with the destruction of the building of the All-Union Book Chamber, the vacant premises of the former building should be transferred for its placement. Design workshop for the construction of the Palace of Soviets in building No. 1 on the Kremlin embankment.”

The premises turned out to be unheated, damp, extremely neglected and in need of serious repairs; in addition, the management of the Chamber was forced to “fight” with the Design Workshop, which, being related to a “security” facility, could not part with the occupied space. The archives of the Chamber preserved the statement of the acting acting director. Director Paikin to the 60th police station that “... today an armed sentry of the Palace of Soviets Construction unexpectedly appeared and detained the Chamber employees at the entrance, not allowing them to perform their duties. The All-Union Book Chamber requests that the necessary measures be taken to immediately remove the illegally posted sentry.” Many more such troubles were expected; and let's not forget that there was a war going on.

There was not much benefit from these appeals, especially for the building itself. For example, it was possible to repair the roof only in 1945, already at the end of the war. But the Chamber survived and, importantly, remained in the house on Kremlyovka for many decades.

Other buildings of the former estate were either demolished long ago or rebuilt beyond recognition, but the main building retained its portico-balcony with six columns, high windows, and even part of the interior.

Nowadays, the main building of the Russian Book Chamber on the Kremlin embankment houses the directorate, the office and accounting department, the personnel department, the research department of state bibliography and bibliology, the editorial office of the Bibliography magazine, and the economic department. Mandatory free copies from all regions and cities of Russia are sent to this mailing address.

Director of the Russian Book Chamber Elena Borisovna Nogina. Graduated from Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. She worked at the Physico-Chemical Institute named after. L. Ya. Karpova. PhD in Chemistry. Awarded the medal "For Services to the Fatherland, II degree" on February 9, 2009.

Sources:

Maria Poryadina
"About our chamber", 2012.
Belkina M. Crossing of destinies. – M: Blagovest: Rudomino, 1992.
History of the Russian Book Chamber. 1936–1963. – M.: RKP: Buk Chamber International, 2006.
From Borovitskaya to Pushkinskaya Square. Moscow, which does not exist. Guide. – M.: Memories, 2007.

Romanyuk S.K. From the history of Moscow lanes. Guide. – M.: Moscow. worker, 1988.

Hotel "Khanikom" hostel is located next to the metro stations "Borovitskaya", "Kropotkinskaya" and "Lenin Library". A stone's throw from the apartments are the main attractions of the capital: Red Square, State Kremlin Palace, St. Basil's Cathedral, Armory Chamber, Tsar Cannon, Tsar Bell, State Historical Museum, Cathedral of Christ the Savior, GUM. Travelers who book the Hanikom Hostel will stay next to state museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin, which, in addition to the permanent exhibition, regularly hosts most interesting exhibitions, including at the international level. If you wish, you can also visit the Museum of Beauty contemporary artist- Ilya Glazunov. Booking the Hanikom Hostel will provide accommodation next to the Patriarchal Bridge, which offers a beautiful view of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Moscow River and other city attractions. Also in the center, not far from the Hanikom Hostel, there is the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the Alexander Garden, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Marfo-Mariinskaya Convent of Mercy, Church of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, Lenkom Theater, Musical Academic Theater named after K.S. Stanislavsky and V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, State Theater of the Nation, House-Museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, Silver Age Museum, State Geological Museum named after V.I. Vernadsky, Lights of Moscow Museum, O. Tabakov Theater, N. Gogol Drama Theater, V.V. Mayakovsky, the entrance ticket price for which for adults is 150 rubles, for schoolchildren, pensioners, disabled people, large families The entrance price is 50 rubles. Near the apartments there is Bolotny Island, where you can find the most interesting monument “Children - Victims of the Vices of Adults”, the Local History Variety Theater, the museum “House on the Embankment” and the monument to Peter I.

I’ll say right away that the title of the shortest street in Central Administrative District Lenivka is conditional. It is such, if you do not take into account the alleys. Prokudinsky Lane in the Presnensky District is one and a half times shorter than it.
The name of this street has been known since the 19th century. According to one version, it was named after the nearby Lazy Market, where people sold not from counters, but directly from carts.
Lenivka is the shortest street in the Central Administrative District, its length is only 160 m. Until the 1920s, it was the shortest street in all of Moscow, but then it lost this “title” to Venetsianova Street, located in the village of Sokol. In it, on Venetsianova Street, there won’t be even fifty meters.
Here, for example, is Lenivka on a map of Moscow published in 1890.

Clicking on this map will take you to the RetroMap website, where you can view other maps of this area.
And here is a view of Lenivka from the Moskva River embankment:

There, in front, is one of the buildings of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts.

This is the view from Volkhonka to the embankments. The Swissotel Krasnye Holmy hotel rises ahead.
The houses on Lenivka can be counted on the fingers of two hands. Moreover, there will be unclaimed fingers.
Let's count together.

Home time. House on the corner of Lenivka and Lebyazhy Lane. However, it is tied to the Kremlin embankment. Kremlevskaya embankment, 1с2.

This apartment building, built by architect S.S. Eibushitz in 1889. There were apartments, warehouses, and a vodka factory here; in 1913 a cinema and miniature theater opened here.

Home two. Lebyazhy Lane, 8/4с2. Some cards show a different address. Lenivka, 4. But this is wrong. According to the Classifier of Addresses (KLADR), there are only two houses on Lenivka Street: 3с11 (which is located in the courtyard; unfortunately, I didn’t photograph it) and 3с3 (will be shown later).

Unfortunately, I couldn't find any information about the history of this house. I assume that it was built in the 19th century, that it was an ordinary low-class apartment building.

House three. Volkhonka, 7/6.

The apartment building of the Lobachev merchants. Built in 1905-1906. In 1972, when Volkhonka was being expanded, a passage for pedestrians was cut into the first floor of the house.

House four. Volkhonka, 9с1.

Former apartment building. Built by architect M.I. Nikiforov in 1850.

House five. Volkhonka, 9с2.