The Tretyakov apartment building with the Lyon Credit bank. Apartment house of the Tretyakovs (Bank "Lyonsky Credit") Apartment house of the Tretyakovs

And Christmas.

The building was built in 1891-1892 according to the architect's design Alexander Kaminsky commissioned by the brothers Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov, major entrepreneurs and philanthropists. It was originally built for commercial purposes: as an apartment building with retail premises, offices and apartments.

The facades of the building are symmetrical and decorated in a pseudo-Russian style: thanks to the abundant stucco molding, stylized flies, half-columns, and cornices, the Tretyakov apartment building looks unusual among other buildings on the street, and the complex roof with characteristic hipped roofs and scallops gives it the appearance of a fairy-tale tower. The central entrance to the building is located on the corner, which determined its internal layout: a corridor runs through the center of the building from the entrance, which divides the interior into 2 rows of halls running along the facades.

History of the Tretyakov apartment building

The first information about the existence of buildings on the site of the modern building dates back to the 18th century, when the stone chambers of clerk Sovetov were located here, then the property partially belonged to the Vorontsovs, Beketovs and Volynskys. Ivan Vorontsov built here two-story stone buildings with benches and developed a park, and Platon Beketov in 1801 he opened a printing house, where he began publishing works by Russian writers: Denis Fonvizin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Radishchev and others - and the magazines "Russian Messenger" and "Friend of Enlightenment".

In 1809 the property was transferred to Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy, and the buildings housed auditoriums and medical offices; Beketov's printing house was occupied by the anatomical building.

In 1891, the brothers liked the advantageous plot on the corner Pavel And Sergei Tretyakov, who bought it and the same year began construction of a 3-story apartment building designed by architect Alexander Kaminsky. The first and second floors were designed to accommodate retail and office space, the third was planned for apartments; For the comfort of tenants and residents, the building has 3 entrances: the central one on the corner was intended for entering the business part, 2 end ones were for access to the apartments.

The right part of the building (facade along Rozhdestvenka) was rented to a French bank "Lyon Credit" - the first foreign bank allowed to operate in Russia. The bank had the most incredible security system: iron safes were located in the basement, which, at Kaminsky's suggestion, was made airtight; Every evening, when banking transactions were completed, using special equipment, the basement was flooded with water from the Neglinka River collector.

On the left side of the building from the Kuznetsky Most side there was an art store and an antique salon Giuseppe Daziaro(in the Russian tradition - Joseph Datsiaro), which sold paintings, engravings, paper and supplies for artists. The store is, without exaggeration, legendary: product samples were hung in special display cases along Kuznetsky Most, and passers-by could stare at them for a long time, gathering in large crowds. The owner of the store lived here: in one of the large apartments on the 3rd floor of an apartment building.

In addition to the Lyon Credit and Daziaro's store, the building housed a number of smaller stores and offices.

Initially, the house had luxurious interiors with big amount decorative elements: a mosaic of small pieces of multi-colored marble on the floor, a luxurious staircase with marble railings, expensive tapestries. Unfortunately, in Soviet years When the former apartment building housed the editorial offices of the magazines "October" and "Rost", the Prosecutor's Office and a hairdressing salon, the interiors were lost.

In 2007, they decided to reconstruct the former apartment building, restoring it and adapting it for a shopping and office center, but in 2008, during the work, a severe fire occurred, which caused significant damage to the building: the roof and ceilings partially collapsed. However, in 2011 the restoration was completed, a significant part of the historical interiors (mosaic floors, stucco, oak doors, main staircase and others) were restored, and the building took on a new life.

Nowadays, offices are located in the former apartment building.

The Tretyakov apartment building with the Lyon Credit bank is located at Kuznetsky Most street, building 13/9 building 1. You can get to it on foot from the metro station "Kuznetsky Most" Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line.

We all love to travel (well, most of us, I'm sure). Before the trip, we prepare by studying guidebooks and reviews, discovering new cities and their attractions with curiosity. And we no longer notice what’s nearby every day. The eyes are blurry and there is no time, everything is running... And meanwhile, who can argue that we are lucky to live in the most beautiful city on Earth, in Moscow.

Our city has the richest and interesting story, every street and building of old Moscow (and sometimes not quite old) preserves its own world, its own narrative.
Here, for example Kuznetsky Bridge, a street in the very center of Moscow. Its history begins in the fifteenth century. For state needs in Moscow, at the direction of Tsar Ivan III, the Cannon Yard was created. It was around him that the Kuznetskaya Sloboda began to form with the people necessary for the business: blacksmiths and grooms. The Neglinka River flowed nearby, it still exists, only it was walled up underground with stone vaults. And so, first a wooden bridge, and in 1754 a stone bridge, was thrown across it. They named it based on their profession; blacksmiths lived nearby.

Do you admit it? This is how he was in time immemorial.

The street has changed its image more than once throughout its history. At first, artisans lived here, then the residents of Pskov, to whom the Tsar Vasily III gave me the right to settle here. By the way, one of the first churches on Kuznetsky Most stood there. where is the monument to Vorovsky now? It was called the Church of the Presentation of the Virgin Mary into the Temple in Pskov. And the street from today’s Rozhdestvenka to Bolshaya Lubyanka was called Vvedenskaya.

Now there are no churches on the street, they have become secular (more on this a little later), but in the courtyards there is a witness of that Orthodox antiquity. This chambers of the Tver courtyard residence of the Tver archbishops. It is known that Tver and Moscow competed for the right to be called the capital. Everyone knows who won. But in Tver at that time it was the church component of power that was strong.

Now this building belongs to the bank. It stands in the courtyard, and on the street there is a red façade, a fake remake. Nothing historical, just a picture

The courtyard was used not only for the activities of church leaders (it was the Moscow residence of Metropolitan Platon of Tver and Kashin), but also for profit. The premises were rented out for accommodation to artisans who worked on Kuznetsky Most (salesmen, milliners, artists...)
So, let's move on to the next status of the street, which is currently maintained. Kuznetsky Most, commercial street.

After the decree of Catherine the Second on privileges for foreigners, the area where the modern Kuznetsky Most street is located began to turn into a place of compact residence for merchants from European countries, who began opening fashion and haberdashery stores there. Over time, many Russian aristocrats moved, and their mansions turned into arcades.

Apartment house of Prince A.G. Gagarin (Mur and Meriliz store). The Scots Archibald Meriliz and Andrew Muir began trading in Moscow in this building, having moved from St. Petersburg. It was a wholesale store of ladies' hats and haberdashery, then Muir and Merilize switched to retail trade and quickly became a highly profitable enterprise. It was the first shopping center in Russia for middle-class people, where you could buy almost everything except groceries. And they were the first began selling through catalogs, and also used the practice of selling using coupons.It is known that Anton Pavlovich Chekhov bought his hats from them.
In addition to this company, other stores also rented premises.
Well, the building itself is strewn with decorative elements - griffins and the symbol of trade with the rod of Mercury, and the facade is also decorated with the stern of a merchant ship.

The building was slightly rebuilt several times, the internal communications are, of course, modern, and the external elements of modern finishers are also, alas, striking. There are a few original wooden frames left that we would like to preserve. For example, this beautiful panoramic window

Another "fashionable" building. The building of the trading company of A. M. Mikhailov.
The house changed many owners and was rebuilt, but it was the merchant of the 1st guild, furrier A. M. Mikhailov who organized the factory fur products. The factory was the only industrial enterprise on Kuznetsky Most and continued to operate in Soviet time. Facing the Kuznetsky Most, the modern house was built in 1903 by architect A.E. Erichson. In 1906-1907, the same Erichson carried out the addition of the fifth floor. Until the revolution, the building housed the “Shop of Siberian and American Fur Goods” by A. M. Mikhailov. Initially, the interior of the trading floor was decorated by graphic artist V. A. Favorsky, but to this day only a few details of the original interior design have been preserved.
In the mid-1940s, the building housed the All-Union House of Clothing Models - the Kuznetsky Most Model House.

Speaking of fashion. Thanks to her, and our fashionable influence came from Europe, from Paris, the street was practically not damaged in the fire of 1812. Napoleonic guards personally took security over the shops that stood on the Kuznetsky Bridge.
Trade, trade.. As a result, not only satisfied consumers, but also satisfied bankers. Kuznetsky Most - bank street.

Moscow International Trade Bank.

In 1895-1898, the architect S. S. Eibushitz erected this building. The architectural prototype of the house built in the Renaissance style was the building of the Bank of the Holy Spirit in Rome - the first building in the history of architecture built specifically for banking needs. The monumental banking building is faced with Radom sandstone and decorated with zinc ornaments. The diagonally oriented operating room of the bank is covered with light structures designed by engineer V. G. Shukhov. Initially, the house was crowned with a small attic with a mascaron, but by the 1930s it was lost.

After unification in 1909 three years old former Polyakov banks, the United Bank is located in the building. During Soviet times, the building was also occupied primarily banking institutions. In 1959, the third floor of the building was headed by I.E. Grabar. State Institute art history. After perestroika, the owner of the building became Mosbusinessbank, then the Bank of Moscow, and now VTB Bank

Opposite him across Rozhdestvenka stands Apartment house of P. M. and S. M. Tretyakov.

The first information about the development of the corner plot dates back to the middle of the 18th century, when the stone chambers of clerk G.I. Sovetov stood here. Later, in 1801, the owner of the estate, P. P. Beketov, opened a printing house here, in which he began publishing works by Russian writers. In 1809, ownership passed to the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy. Presumably, Stendhal stayed here during the invasion of French troops.
In 1891, the site was acquired by the Tretyakov brothers, who ordered the construction of a three-story apartment building topped with high tents in 1892. The architect A. S. Kaminsky used the pseudo-Russian style characteristic of his work in the design of the facade of the house. However, the structure of the building, the plastic rhythm of its facades, large window openings on the first floor allow us to attribute it to the period of decline of eclecticism. The right part of the building along Rozhdestvenka was rented by the Tretyakovs to the Lyon Credit bank, for which steel safes were equipped in the basement of the house, analogous to which in Moscow in did not exist at that time. On the left side of the house there was a popular art store of the company I. Datsiaro.

You can also say that Kuznetsky Most is a bohemian street. There are many famous names associated with her. For example, "our everything" Pushkin repeatedly loved to dine at the famous " Yaru"

Yes, here in 1826, in the house of Chavan, the Frenchman Tranquil Yard (Yar) opened a hotel and a famous restaurant of French cuisine “Yar”.

Or this house Apartment house I. I. Vorontsova - I. G. Evdokimov - Z. I. Shorina(Hotel Leipzig). He's generally very interesting. It was built, imagine, right on the banks of the Neglinka, and in front of the house there was a large terrace to protect it from (!) floods (!) of the river.


At one time there was the Leipzig Hotel, where many artists stayed, and later Sytin’s publishing house. During the NEP years, the publishing house "Moskovsky Rabochiy" was opened here, to which Mikhail Sholokhov later took "Quiet Don"..
And I really like these little tutti figures on the attics.

Another building, another story. Passage San Galli(Moscow House of Artists)

Having changed several owners during its existence, this building in 1880 passed to the owner of the iron foundry, the member of the St. Petersburg City Duma F.C. San Galli, by whose order in 1883 the architect A.A. Martynov connected two pre-existing buildings with a glazed cast-iron vault and adapted them for the showrooms of San Galli products and for other stores. In 1915, the San Galli passage was among the shops damaged during the German pogroms. In the summer of 1917, the building was purchased by baker N.D. Filippov, who located the bakery and cafe “Pittoresk” here. Many famous artists took part in the design of the cafe: L. A. Bruni, A. A. Osmerkin, N. A. Udaltsova, V. E. Tatlin, A. M. Rodchenko. This cafe was a kind of club for poets and artists of that era. V. V. Mayakovsky, D. D. Burliuk, V. V. Kamensky performed at “Pittoresque”; in March 1918, V. E. Meyerhold staged “The Stranger” here Blok. By the fall of 1918, the cafe received a new name “Red Rooster”. The cafe was visited by V.V. Mayakovsky, A.V. Lunacharsky, V.E. Meyerhold, V.Ya. Bryusov... “The Red Rooster” did not last long and was closed in 1919.

Since 1930, the building has been used for art exhibitions: first, the Vsekokhudozhnik cooperative was located here, and from 1953 to the present day, the Moscow House of Artists. In 1965, the passage was radically rebuilt. In 2001, according to the surviving drawings, the building was returned to its pre-revolutionary appearance.

Here is a very small piece of history, just a few selectively taken houses on one street. I learned about them on a tour of the Luxury Age of Kuznetsky Most Travel Store. But that is not all! We also visited the Khludov Baths building, where we not only admired the luxurious interiors, but also immersed ourselves in the history of the Khludov family. I’ll tell you about this later (once I gather my thoughts and time)
I thank the community for the invitation to the tour.

The apartment building of P. M. and S. M. Tretyakov is a historical apartment building in Moscow, located on the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Rozhdestvenka streets. Built by order of merchants-philanthropists, brothers Pavel Mikhailovich (1832-1898) and Sergei Mikhailovich (1834-1892) Tretyakov, by architect A. S. Kaminsky in 1892.

The first information about the development of the site on the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Rozhdestvenka dates back to the middle of the 18th century, when two stone chambers of clerk G.I. Sovetov stood here. Then the site became part of the property owned by the Volynskys, Vorontsovs, and Beketovs. In 1801, the owner of the estate, P. P. Beketov, opened a printing house here, in which he began publishing works by Russian writers I. F. Bogdanovich, D. I. Fonvizin, N. I. Gnedich, V. A. Zhukovsky, M. M. Kheraskov , A.N. Radishchev and many others. Beketov also published the magazines “Friend of Enlightenment” and “Russian Messenger”, and was the chairman of the Moscow Society of History and Russian Antiquities.
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The Tretyakov apartment building on Kuznetsky Most. 1903

The building was built for br. P. and S. Tretyakov in 1892 by architect A. S. Kaminsky. 1st, 2nd floors and basement - shops and office premises. On the right side of the building along Rozhdestvenka there was the Lyons Credit bank. The famous Datsiaro store was located in the same building. 3rd floor - residential premises. After 1917, units of the People's Commissariat of Justice were located in the building. In the 2nd half. XX century - Prosecutor's Office of the RSFSR.

L. Polyakov's bank is visible on the right.

Zhdanova Street, intersection with Kuznetsky Most 1977 - 1979

Kuznetsky Most street. 1983

Kuznetsky Most street. 1983 - 1986

In 1809, ownership passed to the Moscow Medical-Surgical Academy, among whose many graduates were the anatomist and surgeon I.V. Buyalsky, professor of obstetrics and forensic medicine G.I. Korablev, doctor M.A. Dostoevsky (the writer’s father), biologist K. F. Roulier. The premises of Beketov’s former printing house were occupied by an anatomical study, in which “human skeletons stood terribly baring their teeth.”

The former Vorontsov Park was converted into a botanical garden with areas for growing medicinal plants. Presumably, during the invasion of French troops, Stendhal stayed here in one of the houses.

Since 1846, the buildings of the Academy, which moved to St. Petersburg, housed the Medical Clinics of Moscow University. Prominent university scientists taught and worked at the Clinics: surgeon A. I. Over, clinician F. I. Inozemtsev, founder of the Moscow clinical school G. A. Zakharyin, general practitioner A. A. Ostroumov, one of the founders of Russian gynecology. F. Snegirev. The surgeon and scientist N.V. Sklifosovsky worked here and lived for some time at the clinic.
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In 1891, the corner plot with Rozhdestvenka was acquired by the Tretyakov brothers. Already in 1892, by order of the owners, a three-story apartment building, topped with high tents, was built, which has survived to this day. Architect A. S. Kaminsky, who was the husband of the Tretyakovs’ sister and completed several projects for them, used the pseudo-Russian style characteristic of his work in the design of the facade of the house.

The first and second floors of the building were designed by Kaminsky for retail and office space, the third for apartments. The main entrance to the business part is located on the corner of the building, entrances to the apartments are located on the end facades on both streets. The side facades of the building are strictly symmetrical and exactly repeat each other.

The right side of the building along Rozhdestvenka was rented by the Tretyakovs to the Lyon Credit bank. In the basement of the apartment building there were reliable steel bank safes, the likes of which did not exist in Moscow at that time. At the suggestion of A. Kaminsky, the storage facility was made hermetically sealed, and every evening after banking operations were completed, it was flooded with the help of special devices from the Neglinnaya River flowing nearby in a pipe.

On the left side of the house from the side of Kuznetsky Most there was a popular art store of the company I. Datsiaro, which sold paintings, prints, engravings, paper and supplies for artists. There were also shops here: sewing machines, phonographs of the Blok Zh, Anfield partnership, which for a long time housed the country's first ski club.

Art store I. Datsiaro, ca. 1900

On the third floor there were three large apartments with 6, 7 and 8 rooms, one of which was rented by the store owner Datsiaro.

In 1930, the building housed the editorial offices of the magazines “October”, where A. S. Serafimovich and “Rost” (editor V. M. Kirshon) worked as editor-in-chief. In Soviet times, the People's Commissariat of Justice, the Moscow Provincial Prosecutor's Office, the Prosecutor's Office of the RSFSR, and then the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation were also located here.

In the 1980s, a hairdressing salon operated in the premises of the former Daziaro store.

In 2004, a decision was made to reconstruct the building into a shopping and office center. In March 2008, during construction work in the building, a major fire occurred, which caused significant damage to it: the walls were damaged, the floors and roof partially collapsed. In 2011, the restoration of the apartment building was completed, carried out under the leadership of the architect A. D. Studenikin.

The Tretyakov apartment building is one of the most striking and characteristic examples of Russian architecture in the second half of the 19th century.