Commercial school. Eropkin's estate park

Moscow State Linguistic University is the largest Russian university in the field of linguistics, which has been producing qualified linguists for 200 years.

MSLU, located in the building of the former Eropkin estate, in different years bore the name: Institute of New Languages, Moscow pedagogical institute new languages, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, 1st Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, 1st Maurice Thorez Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow state institute foreign languages ​​them. Maurice Thorez, .

In front of the university building there is a monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Today, MSLU preserves and develops the traditions of a unique language school, which foreign language was famous for. Moscow State Linguistic University ranks among the top ten classical universities in Russia. MSLU teaches all the main European and Oriental languages, as well as the languages ​​of some CIS countries and the Baltic countries.

In 2000, by decision of the Heads of Government of the CIS member states, MSLU was given the status of a basic organization for the languages ​​and culture of the CIS member states. In 2007, by the decision of the X Congress of the Eurasian Association of Universities MSLU approved by the current member of the Association.

If you decide to visit Moscow and see all its sights and want to find convenient, comfortable and inexpensive accommodation, hostels in Moscow are a good option. What is important, the hostel network is located in the historical center of the city, from where it will be very convenient to travel around the surroundings and see all the most interesting sights of the city. If you want to go further, then the city metro will always be at hand, which is also very convenient.

The village of Grabtsevo, located on the outskirts of modern Kaluga, was once the patrimony of the wealthy Eropkin family. Finding the estate is not difficult - its location is indicated by a small plane mounted on a pedestal.

For more than half a century, the territory of the old estate until recently was occupied by the Kaluga Flight Technical School of DOSAAF.

From it, next to the main entrance to the estate, a checkpoint has been preserved.

In the second half of the 18th century, the estate belonged to Catherine's nobleman P. D. Eropkin, who for several years served as the Moscow governor-general. It was under him that the Grabtsev estate ensemble was created.

Information about the history of the house is extremely contradictory. Evgeny Viktorovich Nikolaev in his book "On the Kaluga Land" ("Art", Moscow, 1968) writes: "The house in Grabtsevo was wooden. In front of it is a front yard with a flower garden, on the right is a utility yard with separate gates. Neither an old house, neither outbuildings nor outbuildings (except one) have survived. The only one that survived has lancet windows. It looks like the house was "Gothic."

Other sources claim that the Eropka house was originally brick. Further, opinions diverge again: either in the second half of the 19th century, the new owners of Grabtsev built a new stone house on the site of the burnt wooden house, or they simply rebuilt the old brick one, greatly simplifying its facades. However, none of the versions has documentary evidence.

But be that as it may, in 1950 the building that existed at that time was built on the third floor and a flight school was placed in it.

Later, a multi-storey educational and residential building was built on the territory of the manor park.

No matter how hard the last "aviators" tried to kill the park, fragments of its old layout still survived.

From the house, standing on the top of a low, gently sloping hill, a wide central alley gently descends to a large pond.

From the central alley, the side ones radiate like a star. A huge pond is arranged in the channel of a tiny river Gorodenka.

Next to the large pond, another, much smaller pond was dug. The park was surrounded by a fence with turrets at the corners. One of the towers has survived to this day.

On both sides of the front gate of the estate there are two service buildings.

One of them has lancet "Gothic" windows.

Perhaps this is the very only building that survived from the ensemble of the 18th century.

Outside the park stands a unique estate temple complex, clearly visible from the transverse park alley.

Until recently, the entire ensemble was in a terrifying half-ruined state.

The oldest church of the Assumption Holy Mother of God, built in 1722, is still waiting in the wings.

Behind her, the already restored small chapel of Hadrian and Natalia is visible. In 2008, the restoration of St. Nicholas Church (built in 1791) was completed.

The ensemble is completed by a slender, bright bell tower.

The bell tower was erected at the end of the 18th century; its restoration work was completed in 2010.

Many, many years ago, an outstanding art historian, architect-restorer Mikhail Andreevich Ilyin suggested that architect Matvey Kazakov took part in the construction of the ensemble of the Grabtsevo estate. The style of the Grabtsevo bell tower is quite consistent with the handwriting of the master. So it is quite possible that if not the eminent architect himself, then at least one of the students of his school equipped Yeropkin's possessions.

Sometimes you want to go far, far away, see and learn something new, look at something interesting. And, as luck would have it, the most amazing is in the far distances, and our person usually does not have time. But you, my dear reader, are, as always, lucky: there is a great place. Not only is it nearby, but also a whole bunch of sights. We are talking about the village of Grabtsevo, where the estate of the Eropkins is located.

The village is located on the banks of the Gorodenka stream, once a proud and large river. Pyotr Eropkin (Moscow governor from 1771 to 1790) came to the dacha in the summer, arranged fireworks on the pond, went boating with family, friends and colleagues. The pond, like many other objects, still exists today - now local children are catching fish and bungee jumping there. There was another pond - a large one, on the river, but it was let down.

In 1772, the stone Assumption Church was built in Grabtsevo. In general, there are several religious buildings at once, unique in nature. St. Nicholas Church - in Russian style Classicism XVIII century and the bell tower is a vivid example of neo-Gothic of the same century. Now the temple complex is being restored, and today the bell tower looks like new. The park is also well preserved, especially the wide alley descending to the river.

The manor house is located in the very center of the village. In modern times, there was a flight school in it and on the adjacent territory. The house, which also had signs of Gothic architecture, now looks completely different. From the former "glory" there were only arched windows. The school does not operate, but the territory is guarded. There are two options for how to get inside: through the checkpoint, having agreed with the guard, or through a hole in the fence, which is located exactly opposite the church.

The impression is that I got on the set of the film "I am a legend" or a similar picture - about a world in which everyone has disappeared. The buildings are completely empty, but untouched by vandals. Only the trees have grown and the bushes are breaking through the asphalt. The main house in all these thickets looks very impressive.

The best thing, of course, is to come here not just to stare at the stone boxes and overgrown alleys, but to grab a "guide" - a person who knows the history of these places. Or at least read the relevant books beforehand. A lot of interesting things happened here, connected not only with the Eropkins, but also with the Kaluga Flight Aviation School (KALTU), which was formed in 1932 from the flying club.

Of course, you won’t be able to climb the ruins, but you can learn a lot of fascinating stories, while right choice conductor, easily. So go ahead - you won't regret it!

How can I get to

Coordinates: N54°33.924’ E36°22.530’

We drive from Kaluga along the Grabtsevskoye highway, without turning anywhere, we pass the airport, at the first roundabout we go straight. We continue to move, we find ourselves in Grabtsevo and after a while we bump into KALTA. We've arrived. To see the temple ensemble, you need to turn left near the plane, and at the next turn - right. There is also a hole in the fence.

Journey July

It is hard to believe that at the heart of the building at 38 Ostozhenka Street, which catches the eye with its classical forms and a ten-column portico, there are ancient chambers. But it is so.

Ownership history

The chambers were built in the first third of the eighteenth century and in different years they belonged to Prince Dmitry Andreevich Koltsov-Mosalsky and Alexei Vasilyevich Makarov, the office secretary of Peter the Great himself.

After Peter Dmitrievich Eropkin bought the home ownership, the architect rebuilds the manor house, skillfully inscribing part of the chambers into it. The work was carried out from the period from 1764 to 1772.

P.D. Eropkin, being the Commander-in-Chief of Moscow (Governor-General), was granted by Catherine the Great lands and four thousand serfs for suppressing the plague riot in 1771, but refused them, which earned him even more respect from the inhabitants of Moscow. He did not move to the house for the governor-general at the current one either.

The owner was famous for his hospitality. Both luxurious balls for the nobility and dinners for the common people were held in the house.

After the death of Pyotr Dmitrievich in 1805, the mansion was inherited by his nephews, the Novosiltsovs, who very soon ceded the property to the princes Gagarin.

• poet and translator Varyshev Efrem Efremovich;
• geneticist Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich;
• scientist-physicist Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov;
• writer Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich;
• opera artist Gryzunov Ivan Vasilyevich;
• philanthropist and theater-goer Zimin Sergey Ivanovich;
• Archbishop Jerome (Zakharov);
• Archbishop Leonid (Lobachev);
• writer Myasnitsky Ivan Ilyich;
• Rector of Moscow University Novikov Mikhail Mikhailovich;
• physiochemist Ponomarev Ivan Fedorovich;
• film director and artist Protazanov Yakov Alexandrovich;
• scientist Roizman Matvei Davidovich;
• Soviet military leader Sevastyanov Andrey Nikitich;
• artist Chistyakov Nikolai Vasilyevich;
• scientist-physicist Shubnikov Alexey Vasilyevich.

In the period from 1807 to 1808, another reconstruction of the house was carried out, when it was significantly expanded for classrooms. The project was completed by the architect.

Unfortunately, the fire of 1812 caused significant damage to the building and it had to be restored. Along the way, a partial restructuring was also carried out. It was during that period that the third floor, a ten-column portico, window openings, rustication of facades and stucco mascarons appeared.

On the first level, the vaults and fragments of the ancient chambers were preserved, on the second level they built a church in the name of Mary Magdalene, which was consecrated in 1816, on February 13. The housework was completed by 1817.

It is worth noting that another room was allocated for the house church in 1854.

The history of the house almost ended during an air raid in 1941, when fascist pilots dropped a huge land mine into the courtyard. Fortunately, it was stuffed with ... sand. Thanks to the anti-fascists at the military factories in Germany!

Today, the building on Ostozhenka, house 38 is occupied by the Moscow State Linguistic University.

Facts and legends...

This house has been rebuilt many times. From 1776 to 1800 the estate belonged to Alexander Zubov, chief prosecutor. Contemporaries remembered him for bribery. In 1795, Zubov died, and the property passed to Major General Andrei Durasov.

The estate was in this family until 1842. And the next owners - the Durasovs - built in its place a three-story house with a Corinthian portico and sculptures. It is believed that the author of the project was Bazhenov.

Later, the estate was transferred to the complex of the Mariinsky School, founded in 1851, which trained governesses and home teachers. At the same time, a house church was added to the building according to the project of I.P. Mironov. Behind them, they arranged a beautiful garden, put up a gazebo, and built their own bathhouse on the Moscow River.

Here in 1894-1901 Sergei Rachmaninov served as a full-time teacher. For the Mariinsky School, he wrote at least six songs to the words of Nekrasov, Lermontov and other poets.

After 1917, the school was disbanded. Until the 1960s, the buildings housed school No. 19 named after. Belinsky for children from the house on the embankment.

In the 1970s, Mosproekt-2 moved into the building. And on the night of November 12-13, 2000, Brook Mil LLC demolished the chambers of the 17th century on Sofiyka. The neighboring house No. 8 was also damaged. The public outcry forced the government to exclude houses 8 and 10 on Sofiyskaya Embankment from the demolition list. But the complex of the Mariinsky School remains settled and abandoned.