Analysis of "Piskarev's dream" in Gogol's work "Nevsky Prospekt". On the modern interpretation of the dreams of the artist Piskarev in the story N.

"He lies all the time, this Nevsky Prospekt..."
N.V. Gogol. "Nevsky Avenue". Image of St. Petersburg. Truth and lies, reality and fiction in the story "Nevsky Prospekt".
In the teacher’s story, you should report on the history of the creation of the book, which grew into the “Petersburg Tales” cycle, and list the stories included in it. Students need to remember how St. Petersburg was portrayed in works previously studied, such as Gogol's "The Night Before Christmas," Nekrasov's "Reflections at the Front Door," Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman," and Dostoevsky's "White Nights."
To “immerse” the class in the atmosphere of Nevsky Prospect, schoolchildren can be shown D. Kardovsky’s illustrations to Gogol’s story and make an art historical analysis of them.
For a deeper understanding of the story, it is necessary to compose comments on it, which individual tenth graders can do independently.
At a minimum, you need to give a lexical commentary on the following words and expressions: frock coat, tailcoat, salop, phantasmagoria, motley, damask, redingote, vellum paper, frieze overcoat, reticule, demikoton frock coat, prints, agate, halberd, livery, chukhonka, bassoon, opium , housekeeper, disabled soldier, capuchin, Swabian German, convertible, pound, rapé, lives on fufu.
Historical commentary is required by words and expressions denoting ranks and titles and their hierarchy in the table of ranks: titular councilor, court councilor, collegiate registrar, provincial secretary, collegiate secretary, superior officer, chamberlain, actual state councilor, lieutenant, ensign, cadet.
A more thorough cultural commentary is needed on words and expressions reflecting the atmosphere of Gogol’s era, his “encyclopedia” of St. Petersburg: Ganymede, Peruginova Bianca, Hercules, Bulgarin, Grech, A. A. Orlov, “Philatki”, “Dimitri Donskoy”, Schiller, Hoffmann , "William Tell", "History of the Thirty Years' War", General Staff, "Northern Bee", Lafaette.
It makes sense to read the description of Nevsky Prospect aloud (from the beginning of the story to the words “...always in German frock coats walking in a whole crowd and usually arm in arm”), and then analyze this episode.
Sample episode analysis plan
1. Analyze the images with which Gogol paints a picture of Nevsky Prospect. What is the role of visual and expressive means and artistic details here?
2. Explain the role of artistic time and space in this passage.
3. Comment on the author’s assessments in the description of Nevsky Prospect.
4. How does the episode outline the main problem and conflict of the entire story?
5. Prove that this description contains features of romanticism and realism. Give examples.
6. What is the function of this episode in the entire story?
Analysis of the episode will make it possible to emphasize that St. Petersburg is a city without complete persons, which are replaced by their parts or parts of the body and clothing. The reality is not like that. As we see it and at any moment it can turn its reverse side towards us. Life is illusory, so you can’t trust anything.
In the second lesson, we should talk about two stories of young people: the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov. It is important for schoolchildren to understand why the author nevertheless puts such different stories of such different people side by side and makes them comparable.
Questions and tasks for conversation
1. Follow and tell how Piskarev’s romantic illusions collapse.
2. What significance do the features of romantic irony, fantasy, and grotesque have in his story?
3. What is the semantic role of Piskarev’s dream?
4. What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev’s story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?
5. Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov.
6. What is its compositional role in the story?
7. What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in the history of Pirogov? How is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here?
8. Can Pirogov’s story be considered a triumphant farce? Give reasons for your opinion.
9. How are the principles of romantic dual world reflected in the story?
10. Prove that Gogol’s story is autobiographical in nature and reflects his religious ideas about morality and ethics?

At the end of the lesson, you can read and discuss a fragment of Belinsky’s article “On the Russian story and the stories of Mr. Gogol,” where a positive assessment of the story “Nevsky Prospect” is given with the words “Nevsky Prospekt is a creation as profound as it is charming...” to the words “Yes, gentlemen, it’s boring in this world!..”

Lesson summary. The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live only by romantic illusions, or believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself. In life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, illusoryness. As on Nevsky Prospekt, in our life it is “the demon who lights the lamps only to show everything not in its real form.” Only the grotesque and fantasy can return everything to its true form, which restore and expose the deep truth and promote its understanding.

St. Petersburg in Gogol's stories personifies a world living by deception and lies. Life can unexpectedly turn out absurd, strange, fantastic and merciless for a person. The terrible and gloomy romance of St. Petersburg is imbued with evil, destructive for the “little man,” and is capable of taking the most unexpected and magical forms. At the same time, Gogol is a master of real images, able to see poetry in the most ordinary things, to notice the essential aspects of life and human types. But reality, when combined with fantasy, becomes terrible and grotesque. This emphasizes the illusory nature of reality and the fragility, instability, fragility of man in a collision with the world of evil.

Literature. Grade 10
Lesson #2
Topic: The artist and the “terrible world” in N.V. Gogol’s story “Nevsky Prospekt”.

I. Work based on homework materials.
Comment on the author's assessments in the description of Nevsky Prospekt.
How does the episode outline the main problem and conflict of the entire story?
Prove that this description contains features of romanticism and realism. Give examples.
What is the function of this episode in the entire story?
Tell us how Piskarev’s romantic illusions fail.
What significance do the features of romantic irony, fantasy, and grotesque have in his story?
What is the semantic role of Piskarev’s dream?
What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev’s story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?
Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov. What is its compositional role in the story?
What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in Pirogov’s story? How is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here?
Can Pirogov’s story be considered a triumphant farce? Give reasons for your opinion.
How are the principles of romantic dual worlds reflected in the story?
Prove that Gogol's story is autobiographical in nature and reflects his religious ideas about morality and ethics?
The teacher sums up the results.
The running theme of the St. Petersburg stories is the deceptiveness of the external splendor of metropolitan life, its imaginary splendor, behind which lies low and vulgar prose. “Oh, don’t believe this Nevsky Prospect. Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!” These words from the story “Nevsky Prospekt” can be used as an epigraph to the entire St. Petersburg cycle.
Instead of people, moving along Nevsky Prospekt (“Nevsky Prospekt”) are “sideburns, hats, waists, ladies’ sleeves, smart frock coats, Greek noses, a pair of pretty eyes, a foot in a charming shoe, a tie that excites surprise, a mustache that plunges into amazement,” etc. etc. The spiritless world became dead and crumbled into details and things. A person is replaced by an object of his toilet. When a high spirit leaves the world, the hierarchy of values ​​in it is violated - and everything crumbles and falls into a shapeless heap. Man can no longer distinguish good from evil, high from low. He loses the integrity of perception, loses orientation.
It seems to the St. Petersburg romantic dreamer, artist Piskarev that “some demon chopped up the whole world into many pieces and mixed all these pieces together without meaning, uselessly” - “sparkling ladies’ shoulders and black tailcoats, chandeliers, lamps, airy flying gases, ethereal ribbons and a thick double bass peeking out from behind the railings of the magnificent choirs - everything was brilliant for him.” But this is the brilliance of chaos, reflecting the absurdity of a world that has lost its meaning, which has lost the spiritual vertical that organizes it.
In phantasmagoria Petersburg life Everything is confused and displaced, ideas about beauty are distorted. The artist Piskarev finds angelic beauty where she never spent the night, in the pathetic arrogance and stupid vulgarity of a corrupt woman.
The “romantic” Piskarev is contrasted with the “realist” Pirogov, who is a prisoner of the vulgarity surrounding him. The very antithesis of the two heroes - Pirogov and Piskarev - turns out to be imaginary. “He lies at all times, this Nevsky Prospekt, but most of all when the night falls like a condensed mass on him and separates the white and fawn walls of the houses, when the whole city turns into thunder and brilliance, myriads of carriages fall from the bridges, postilions scream and jump on horses, and when the demon himself lights the lamps just to show everything not in its real form.”
The replacement of genuine values ​​with imaginary ones leads to the destruction of the Divine image in man.
Homework: pp. 84-89. Answer questions regarding the story “The Nose”.
What is the reality of the beginning of the story?
Where did Major Kovalev like to walk?
What words describe Major Kovalev’s favorite places?
What is the reality of the people “inhabiting” the pages of the story? Give signs of real life of real people.
What unreal events serve as the beginning of the story of Major Kovalev?
How do further events related to the nose unfold?
Why was Major Kovalev upset and upset?
Are the heroes of the story surprised that all this could not have happened with real person, but with a separate part of his face?

Lesson topic:

Lesson objectives:

make a comparative description of the heroes of the story “Nevsky Prospekt”; identify the basic techniques for creating characters’ characters; trace how the story reveals universal human problems; learn to summarize literary material, formulate conclusions,

based on the teacher's questions.

During the classes.

I. Teacher's word.

In the first lesson, devoted to the study of the story “Nevsky Prospekt,” we talked about a peculiar hero. Nevsky Prospekt is the hero of the story, connecting all its parts. It is on Nevsky Prospect that “our fate incomprehensibly plays with us.” This is what he says at the beginning of the work. But close-up The story shows two people - the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov.

Today in class we have to

characterize each character, compare the characters, life values ​​of the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov, name the details with which the author creates characters, and, based on a comparison of the characters, reveal the ideological meaning of the story “Nevsky Prospekt”.

(The work is carried out in groups, each group receives a characteristics plan (see Appendix No. 1 or No. 2)

II. Group presentations and discussion of issues:

Stage 1.

Questions for the class: Does Gogol give a portrait of heroes?

What is the portrait replaced with?

(The portrait of the hero is replaced by a social portrait, that is, the story gives a description of the environment from which the heroes came.)

Performance of 1 group.

· “mostly kind, meek..., shy, carefree, loving quiet your art"; “modestly talking about a favorite subject”; "with true pleasure" are working on your work. They often harbor true talent»; "shy, timid, but in his soul carrying sparks of feeling»;

· “...considered scientists and educated; they don't let you in not a single public lecture"; “they love good poetry in the play, they also really love call loudly actors"; "have a special the gift of making you laugh"; “he recited poetry excellently”; "had the special art of blowing smoke rings»; « could tell a joke»; · "was satisfied his rank"; "Very flattered this is new dignity»

Conclusion (to the whole class) : What do we learn about heroes from the characteristics of the social environment?

(From this characteristic we learn about moral values, important not only for the heroes of the story, but also for an entire social stratum.)

Stage 2.

2. Character

Performance of 2 groups.

Conclusion (to the whole class) : What character traits of the characters are revealed in these episodes?

(Piskarev is a man of pure soul, sincere feelings and actions. Pirogov is devoid of high ideals, he is a vulgar, unspiritual person.)

Stage 3.

Questions for the class: What technique does the author use to further reveal Piskarev’s character?

(Gogol depicts the artist’s dreams, in which his inner world is revealed.)

Performance by group 3.

(A dream is a dream, the only opportunity for an artist to feel happy. Dreams replace reality for him.)

Watch how Piskarev's dream collides

with reality when he wakes up. Write down key phrases and thoughts of the hero.

(“God, what a dream! And why did you have to wake up?... Oh, how disgusting reality is! Why is it against dreams?”;

“But now...what a terrible life! God, what a life ours is! the eternal conflict between dreams and reality!”)

What do we learn about the character of the hero from dreams?

(Piskarev is a dreamer, his dreams are about an ideal life. But his dreams are in conflict with reality. The artist’s real life is tragic.)

(Pirogov is a person deprived of a high spiritual life. Most likely, he does not see dreams, and if he does see them, then the dreams reflect his real life. Pirogov’s real life, his actions sufficiently reveal the hero’s character, needs and interests.)

Conclusion (to the whole class)

to uncover … (the inner world of the hero: purity and naivety of the soul, the desire for the ideal) show discord... (between the hero's dream and real life) explain the reason... (tragic death of the artist)

Performance of 4 groups.

c) End of adventure

Piskarev Pirogov

Performance of the 5th group.

(Pirogov is an officer, his rank personifies power. He belongs to that class of people who suppress personality. Piskarev’s profession as an artist emphasizes the presence of a creative principle in a person who is not able to withstand reality.)

(The language of the narration about the artist is lyrical, conveying the hero’s state of mind, the style is sublime. The language of the narration about the officer is mocking, irony is used, this is an everyday story, the style is conversational.)

(The use of different narrative styles and different languages ​​reveals the character of the characters, emphasizes their opposition, contrast.)

III. Summing up the results of group work.

In order to summarize the results of the work, draw conclusions on comparative characteristics heroes and determine the ideological meaning of the story, you need to continue the sentences, taking into account the conclusions made during the discussion.

To show the contrast of the heroes, to reveal the characters of Piskarev and Pirogov, Gogol uses some details:

1... (image instead of a portrait of the social environment from which the heroes came);

2... (description of the dreams of the artist Piskarev);

3... (different language and storytelling style)

(dreams and reality).

IV. Homework.

Mini-essay “Two attitudes to life (Piskarev and Pirogov in the story “Nevsky Prospekt”).”

Application.

Depending on the level and preparedness of the class, different options for conducting this lesson are possible:

in advanced classes, groups are given characterization plan No. 1; in standard classes you can show a sample of work, characteristic plan No. 2; it is preferable to create groups that differ in the degree of preparation and mastery of the material (1,2,4 - average level; 3.5 - increased level); Depending on the class level, home training according to this plan is possible.

Comparative characteristics of Piskarev and Pirogov

(based on the story “Nevsky Prospekt”)

Plan.

1 group.

Piskarev 1. Portrait? or ….? Pirogov

Conclusion (to the whole class)

3rd group.

What are dreams for the artist himself?

Conclusion (to the whole class) : Gogol uses the technique of sleep when talking about Piskarev to

to uncover … show discord... explain the reason...

4th group.

c) End of adventure

How does each of the characters experience the ending of their acquaintance? Write out quotes.

Piskarev Pirogov

5 group.

Why did you choose such professions for your heroes?

What is the language and style of storytelling about the characters?

Conclusion from the discussion:

The image of heroes is based on the principle of contrast.

1 … ; 2 … ; 3 ... ?

The central theme of the story is not only the depiction of two sides of life, but also the collision...

Comparative characteristics of Piskarev and Pirogov

(based on the story “Nevsky Prospekt”)

Plan.

1 group.

Piskarev 1. Portrait? or ….? Pirogov

Conclusion (to the whole class) : What do we learn about the heroes from the characteristics of the environment?

2nd group. 2. Character

Piskarev a) pursuit of Pirogov

Conclusion (to the whole class) : What character traits of the heroes are revealed?

3rd group.

What are dreams for the artist himself?

Follow how Piskarev's dream collides with reality when he wakes up. Write down key phrases and thoughts of the hero.

What do we learn about character from dreams?

Conclusion (to the whole class) : Gogol uses the technique of sleep when talking about Piskarev to

to uncover … show discord... explain the reason...

4th group.

c) End of adventure

How does each of the characters experience the ending of their acquaintance? Write out quotes.

Piskarev Pirogov

5 group.

Why did you choose such professions for your heroes?

What is the language and style of storytelling about the characters?

Conclusion from the discussion:

The image of heroes is based on the principle of contrast.

To show the contrast of the heroes, to reveal the characters of Piskarev and Pirogov, Gogol uses some details:

1 … ; 2 … ; 3 ... ?

The central theme of the story is not only the depiction of two sides of life, but also the collision...

State regional budget professional educational institution

"Lipetsk College of Municipal Economy and Industrial Technologies"

Methodological development lesson

« Ah, Nevsky... Almighty Nevsky Prospect" (based on N.V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospect""

for older age group

Lipetsk, 2017

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3

Technological map of the lesson……………………………………………..4

Lesson structure………………………………………………………...6

List of references………………………………………………………14

Appendix A. Drawing by D.N. Kardovsky “Nevsky Prospekt”……..15

Appendix B. Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Dreams of the artist Piskarev………………………………………………………………16

INTRODUCTION

A lesson in the academic discipline “Russian Language and Literature” is conducted for groups AM-1-16, AM-2-16, Housing and Communal Services-16.

Level of education: basic general education.

In the work program, the theme “Ah, Nevsky... Almighty Nevsky Prospect” (based on the story “Nevsky Prospect” by N.V. Gogol” is included in section 1 academic discipline"Russian language and literature". In this topic, students’ knowledge about the main stages of N.V. Gogol’s work is studied and systematized.

The development of literature lessons for the study of N.V. Gogol’s work involves getting to know the writer’s artistic world through a review of “Petersburg Tales”. The content of this lesson is based on working with the textbook article and on the independent work of students to familiarize themselves with and comprehend the plots of the stories from the point of view of the idea of ​​​​the collision of dreams and reality as one of the foundations art world writer.

Objects of development in this topic are:

– development of speech culture, abstract and logical thinking, long-term memory and sustained attention.

The main educational objective of the topic is fostering a culture of behavior during individual and front-line work,development of independent work skills,formation of positive motivation.

By creating a problem situation, the teacher encourages students to actively perceive the material, to a deeper understanding of the acquired knowledge and its systematization.

In the collection of works “Petersburg Tales”, special attention should be paid to the story “Nevsky Prospekt”, which will become the reference text for this lesson.

Lesson duration – 45 minutes.

Technological lesson map

Lesson goals (objectives)

educational:

reveal the ideological concept of the story, show the tragedy of man; to find out the essence of the opposition between the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov, to reveal the ideological and semantic meaning of the story, to show the figurative conflict, the clash of dreams and reality, identify the basic techniques for creating characters’ characters; trace how N.V. Gogol reveals universal human problems in the story;

developing:

Formation of the ability to read, think about the text, find keywords, draw conclusions. Development of analytical skills of students when working with literary text, to form a speech culture.

educational : education of moral qualities, to promote the formation of civic qualities of students by introducing them to reading and understanding of Russian classics

- Regulatory UUD: the ability to determine and formulate the purpose and topic of the lesson with the help of the teacher;

pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson;

- Communicative UUD: the ability to express one’s thoughts orally, listen and understand others, and treat them with respect.

- Cognitive: the ability to navigate your knowledge system: distinguish new from already known with the help of a teacher;

gain new knowledge: find answers to questions posed with the help of educational literature, using your life experience and knowledge gained in the classroom.

Lesson results

Subject

Be able to analyze prose text fiction

Metasubject

Be able to determine and formulate the purpose and topic of the lesson with the help of the teacher;

pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson; express your thoughts (Regulatory UUD).

Be able to express your thoughts orally, listen and understand others, treat them with respect (Communicative UUD).

Personal

Be able to conduct self-assessment based on success criteria educational activities.

Type of lesson educational technology

Learning new material;

By sources of knowledge: verbal, visual;

According to the degree of teacher-student interaction: heuristic conversation;

Lesson equipment

Multimedia complex, board, illustrations to the work of N.V. Gogol, portrait of the writer, video fragment “The Gogol Bird” by N.L. Parfenov, audiobook by N.V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt", textbook, a series of drawings by D. Kardovsky (1904), L. Podlyasskaya (1951), dedicated to “Nevsky Prospekt”, watercolors by V. Serov (1951)

Basic concepts, terms

Gogol's satire

New concepts: Phantasmagoria

Control, self-control in the lesson

Frontal, individual and independent work,

Homework

During the classes

Epigraph on the board. Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, Everything is not what it seems.”V. G. Belinsky

Visual control of the readiness of the office and workplace for classes. Perhaps they remember the writer’s works that they read earlier: “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, “Taras Bulba”, “Viy”, etc.

2. Updating basic knowledge.

Introductory speech by the teacher.“Nevsky Prospekt,” as well as the entire “Petersburg Tales” cycle, was based on Gogol’s impressions of St. Petersburg life. St. Petersburg as a symbol of the power of Russia and its unfading glory was sung by poets of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Interest in the topic of St. Petersburg began to develop from the very foundation of the city. For centuries, St. Petersburg has been the center of lively interaction between Russia and Europe and the whole world.

Reading an excerpt from the story dedicated to the description of St. Petersburg. History of the cycle “Petersburg Tales”. (The stories were written at different times and were not initially planned by the author as a cycle of stories, but the image of St. Petersburg, the commonality of the main characters of the stories, and the author’s position made it possible to combine all the works into one cycle). The plot and the idea of ​​​​the collision of dreams and reality in the stories “The Nose” and “Nevsky” avenue

3. Formulating the lesson topic . Setting a goal, a problematic issue

Today in class we have to

characterize each character, compare the characters, life values ​​of the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov,

name the details with whichthe author creates characters,

based on a comparison of characters, reveal the ideological meaning of the story “Nevsky Prospekt”.

Stage 1.

Questions for students: Does Gogol give a portrait of heroes?

What is the portrait replaced with?

The teacher corrects and helps to structure the goals and objectives proposed by students.

N.V. Gogol was not the discoverer of the St. Petersburg theme. As a symbol of the power of Russia, it was sung by poets of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries. Pushkin portrayed St. Petersburg in the novel “Eugene Onegin” and in the poem “The Bronze Horseman” as a city of Russian glory and at the same time a city of social contrasts.

Write down the date and topic in your notebook.

A story by a specially trained student about the creative history of “Petersburg Tales”.

“Petersburg Tales” is a conditional term; Gogol himself did not give them such a name. Nevertheless, it is true, accurate and justified, firstly, by the fact that the image of St. Petersburg, which is the hero of the cycle, runs through the story; secondly, by the fact that almost all the stories were conceived and written in St. Petersburg. In addition, in the third volume of his works, Gogol himself brought together these stories, written at different times over 10 years (1831-1842). The stories “Nevsky Prospekt”, “Portrait”, “Notes of a Madman” were first published in the collection “Arabesques” in 1835. By construction, they represent a series of plot-related paintings, and each of their stories depicts one or more aspects of life in St. Petersburg in the 30s.

4. Analytical conversation

Questions and tasks for conversation

Image of Piskarev

1. Follow and tell how Piskarev’s romantic illusions collapse ( brief retelling history of Piskarev).

2. What is the semantic role of Piskarev’s dream?

3. What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev’s story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?

Image of Pirogov

1. Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov.

2. What is its compositional role in the story?

Why did N.V. Gogol become disillusioned with this city, but still dedicated an entire cycle of “Petersburg Tales” to it?

Maybe Nevsky Prospekt will answer this question for us? .

(View excerpt from documentary film Leonid Parfenov about Nevsky Prospekt)

And now before us, as Leonid Parfenov said, Nevsky Prospekt is “the universal communication of St. Petersburg.” At the beginning of the story of the same name, the life of this main street of the main city at any time of the day is shown. The picture is full of movement, but each face and the different “circles and circles” have their own movement in their own hours; everyone is united only by a place - Nevsky Prospekt. Here, too, “everything is rushing,” but in a different way than at the Sorochinskaya fair.

View illustrations

The class is divided in advance into 3 groups, which complete the following tasks for the lesson:

First group proves the idea that St. Petersburg with its Nevsky Prospect is a city in which “everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems.” Reading the text, he explains the meaning of phrases and individual words (“mercantile interest”, “universal communication”, “Phantasmagoria”, etc.), prepares an expressive reading of passages in which the duality of Nevsky Prospect is exposed, conventionally called: “Almighty Nevsky Prospect!” (from the words: “There is nothing better than Nevsky Prospect...” to the words: “How many changes it will endure in one day”), “The main exhibition of all best works person" (from the words: “Everything you see on Nevsky Prospekt is full of decency” to the words: “...the exhibition is ending, the crowd is thinning out..."; “Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems” (from the words : “How strange, how incomprehensibly our fate plays with us!” until the end of the story).

Second group is preparing a story about the tragedy of the artist Piskarev. The focus is on the following problems: Piskarev’s belonging to the “exclusive class” - “the artist of St. Petersburg”; its main qualities; attitude towards your work; his love for beauty; painful experiences associated with the contradiction between ideal and reality. Students answer the questions: How does Piskarev’s fate touch the reader? How does the author relate to Russian reality? One student is preparing a retelling of Piskarev’s dream (from the words “Imbued with tearing pity, he sat in front of a burnt candle...” to the words “God, what a dream!”). It is proposed to talk in more detail about the “crowded hall” and the one who is “most brilliantly dressed.”

Third group talks about the funny and funny and shameful story of Pirogov, thinking through the following range of questions: the society to which Lieutenant Pirogov belongs; “many talents” of the lieutenant; Pirogov’s “bold enterprise”; the lieutenant’s behavior in a decisive test of his honor, pride, and high self-image.

5. Discussion of the ideological meaning of the work.

What time is Nevsky Prospekt shown?

At the end of the story, Gogol again returns to the conversation about Nevsky Prospect. Why did the author do this?

The teacher emphasizes the main contradiction of St. Petersburg - between appearance and the true essence of the city - through the image of Nevsky Prospekt.

What words at the end of the story express the idea of ​​the work?

Reading the passage “Nevsky Prospekt”

Student answers:

The images of Pirogov and Piskarev are associated with opposite moral principles in the characters' characters. The comic image of Pirogov is contrasted with the tragic image of Piskarev.

Features of the image of St. Petersburg in Gogol’s stories:

serious social stratification, disunity;

a person is a cog in the bureaucratic system;

the human personality is of no interest to anyone, the city is filled with a faceless crowd;

a person is not visible behind his “attributes”: orders, expensive dresses; prestige is important;

everyone is interested only in themselves, indifference to others, rejection of another person - a living soul created by God;

vanity;

secular meaningless conversations, gossip, while no one hears or listens to anyone; vulgarity and emptiness;

depravity;

• illusory.

6. Work on prepared homework.

Teacher: Let's look at the story of Piskarev. - What is the ideal for Piskarev?

What struck him about the appearance of the stranger he met on the avenue?

Who exactly was this girl?

Why is this so painful for Piskarev, why does he refuse to believe it?

What is the role of Piskarev’s dreams in the story - Why does Piskarev commit suicide? meaningless).

How do you feel about Piskarev?

What society does Pirogov belong to? Where can you often find him?

(About Lieutenant Pirogov, the author says that officers like him constitute “some kind of middle class of society in St. Petersburg,” thereby emphasizing the typical character of the hero. Talking about these officers, the author, of course, characterizes Pirogov.

In their circle they are considered educated people because they know how to entertain women, they like to talk about literature: “they praise Bulgarin, Pushkin and Grech and speak with contempt and witty barbs about A.A. Orlov,” that is, they put Pushkin and Bulgarin on a par, the author ironically notes. They go to the theater to show themselves. Their life goal- “to gain the rank of colonel”, to achieve a secure position. They usually “marry a merchant’s daughter who can play the piano, with a hundred thousand or so in cash and a bunch of big-haired relatives.”

Characterizing Pirogov, the author talks about his talents, in fact, reveals such of his traits as careerism, narrow-mindedness, arrogance, self-confident vulgarity, and the desire to imitate what is in fashion among a select public.

For Pirogov, love is just an interesting adventure, an “affair” that you can brag about to your friends. The lieutenant, not at all embarrassed, rather vulgarly looks after the wife of the artisan Schiller and is sure that “his courtesy and brilliant rank give him full right to her attention.” He doesn't bother himself at all with thoughts about life problems, strives for pleasure.

Gogol returns again to Nevsky Prospect to tear off its beautiful covers and express all his hatred for the capitalist city with its corruption and indifference to everything beautiful and human. This angry monologue of the author is prepared by the entire previous story, each episode of the story. St. Petersburg in Gogol's story appears as a dual city. The writer emphasizes the contradiction between its appearance and essence. Indeed, you can’t say it better than Gogol - “everything is not what it seems.”

7. Working with the text of the story

Analyze the images with which Gogol paints a picture of Nevsky Prospekt. How does the episode outline the main problem and conflict of the entire story?Teacher: How does the author characterize Piskarev - an artist and a person?

Drawing Nevsky Prospekt, Gogol writes: “What a fast phantasmagoria takes place there in one day!”

What is "phantasmagoria"? What is the lexical meaning of this word?

Piskarev is a young man, an artist, belongs to people of art, and this is his unusualness. The author says that he belongs to the “class” of artists, to a “strange class,” thereby emphasizing the typicality of the hero.

Showing the falsehood of Nevsky Prospekt, the seamy side of life hidden behind its ceremonial appearance, its tragic side, exposing the emptiness of the inner world of those walking along it, their hypocrisy, the author uses ironic pathos andmetonymy . This is emphasized by the fact that instead of people, details of their appearance or clothing act:

WORKING WITH THE DICTIONARY:

PHANTASMAGORIA, -i, f. " Dictionary Russian language" edited by S.I. Ozhegov

A bizarre, unusual combination or play of light and shadow, colors, etc., a bizarre pile-up, a combination of something.

Something unreal, illusory, a creation of dreams, imagination.

Bizarre, surprising changes, transformations or extraordinary coincidences of circumstances or events.

8. Summing up the lesson. Grading

Teacher's word

In order to summarize the results of the work, draw conclusions on the comparative characteristics of the characters and determine the ideological meaning of the story, you need to continue the sentences, taking into account the conclusions made during the discussion.

The image of heroes is based on the principle of contrast.

To show the contrast of the heroes, to reveal the characters of Piskarev and Pirogov, Gogol uses some details:

1... (image instead of a portrait of the social environment from which the heroes came);

2... (description of the dreams of the artist Piskarev);

3... (different language and narrative style)

The central theme of N.V. Gogol's story is not only the depiction of two sides of life, but also the collision ... (dreams and reality).

Formulate conclusions about the story:

The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live only by romantic illusions, or believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself. In life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, illusoryness. Only the grotesque and fantasy can return everything to its true form, which restore and expose the deep truth and promote its understanding.

The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live by romantic illusions, believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself, because in life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, appearance, illusoryness.

Piskarev is unable to bear the fact that the beauty of a woman giving to the world new life, can be a subject of trade, because it is a desecration of beauty, love and humanity. He was overcome by a feeling of “tearing pity,” the author notes and explains: “In fact, pity never takes possession of us so strongly as at the sight of beauty touched by the corrupting breath of depravity. Even if ugliness were friends with him, but beauty, tender beauty... it merges only with purity and purity in our thoughts.”

Being under strong psychological stress, Piskarev has a dream in which his beauty appears as a society lady, trying to explain her visit to the shelter with her secret. The dream inspired Piskarev with hope, which was destroyed by the cruel and vulgar side of life: “The desired image appeared to him almost every day, always in a position opposite to reality, because his thoughts were completely pure, like the thoughts of a child.” Therefore, he tries artificially, by taking the drug, to go into the world of dreams and illusions. However, dreams and illusions cannot replace real life.

9. Reflection.

We are moving to the last stage.

Summarizing the work in the lesson

Continue the sentences: Gogol’s Petersburg .... It is adjacent ... The city has ... an atmosphere

Residents of the city...

Petersburg deprived them..., each person -...

What is valuable for us in Gogol’s story, written in the 30s of the 19th century? What lesson do we learn from the work of a great writer?

Answer the teacher's questions.

The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live by romantic illusions, believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself, because in life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deception, appearance, illusoryness

10.Homework

Write a mini-essay answering the question “Why N.V. Gogol uses a fantastic plot and grotesque in the story"

Write down homework

List of used literature:

Arkhangelsky A.N. and others. Russian language and literature. Literature (advanced level) 10. – M.: Bustard

Gillelson M.I., Manuilov V.A., Stepanov A.N. Gogol in St. Petersburg. – L., 1961 9 chapter “Petersburg Tales”;

Basina M.Petersburg story. – L., 1974; Mann Yu.V. The courage of invention. M., 1985;

Mochulsky K.V. Gogol's spiritual path. M., 1995

Sakharov V.I., Zinin S.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: Russian Word.

Lanin B.A., Ustinova L.Yu., Shamchikova V.M. / ed. Lanina B.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: VENTANA-GRAF.

Sakharov V.I., Zinin S.A. Russian language and literature. Literature (basic and advanced levels) 10. – M.: Russianword.

APPENDIX A

Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Nevsky Prospekt

APPENDIX B

Drawing by D. N. Kardovsky. Dreams of the artist Piskarev.

N.V. Gogol has many works that we love for his subtle humor. Grotesque, absurd, satire - all this is intertwined, comes to the fore, makes the reader mock the ugly reality. For example, who wouldn’t smile at the scene when Solokha hides her lovers in bags in “The Night Before Christmas”? And the attempts of petty officials to hide all their offenses before a fake auditor in the play of the same name? But “Nevsky Prospekt” is a work of a completely different kind. There are no comic effects or human stupidity, which could amuse us. Just something ominous, depressing, hopeless.

The story was published as part of the collection “Arabesques” (1835). Traditionally, it is classified as part of the “Petersburg Tales” cycle, but it is important to note that the author himself never united his works in this way. “Nevsky Prospekt”, “Nose”, “Portrait” and other works from this cycle are simply united by a common theme, but they were all written at different times. Why did these works so successfully form a single set? Gogol points out human vices, but he is no longer laughing; Residents of the capital are spoiled by the city, and those who still retain moral foundations and moral principles cannot join the St. Petersburg whirlpool of vanities. So it turns out that true happiness remains unattainable for all city residents.

What is the story about?

“Nevsky Prospekt” is a story not rich in events. The whole plot can be contained in a few sentences: Lieutenant Pirogov and the painter Piskarev notice two girls on Nevsky Prospect, each of them follows the one who, by their standards, is prettier. The artist follows a seventeen-year-old girl, who becomes for him the personification of all that is most beautiful on earth, but, as it turns out, the stranger works in a brothel. Main character cannot come to terms with reality - it begins to come to him in a dream, Piskarev’s subconscious is trying to justify it. This turns into madness, he decides to marry a public woman, who responds to his proposal with caustic ridicule. As the reader learns later, the young man commits suicide.

Pirogov turns out to be a little more fortunate - his blonde does not work in the brothel, but is married to the German Schiller. The fact that the hero’s passion is married does not confuse him at all, so he continues his obsessive courtship. But at one point the jealous husband finds the lieutenant at home and drives him away in disgrace. At first, Pirogov feels insulted and wants to complain to the general, but then abandons this idea.

Main themes and issues

In such an uneventful work, Gogol touches on several relevant topics at once, which are revealed through the example of the main characters.

1. The main theme, perhaps, is the incompatibility of dreams and reality - an excellent illustration of this is the fate of Piskarev. The hero was ruined by his romantic character, which Gogol’s contemporaries loved to portray in idyllic tones. Their proud and pale young man reveled in his difference from others, his internal conflict, and was unhappy at the same time, but somehow beautiful and elegant. But Nikolai Vasilyevich’s romanticism suffers a deafening collapse; he seems to be protesting against the idealization of pompous images and plunging them into the seething boiling water of reality. As a result, romantic heroes are doomed to an early death if they do not find a way to cope with the influx of feelings. Even the artist’s surname is telling – Piskarev. He seems to be “squeaking” from helplessness in a huge and hostile world. His inability to adapt to life is a problem for many creative people.
2. But the author also warns us against petty-bourgeois extremes in the image of Pirogov. Everything about him is like water off a duck's back: no burdens sink into his soul. The hero was publicly disgraced, he lost his “beloved”, his reputation was dealt an unprecedented blow, but he doesn’t care, he is too frivolous, cowardly and vulgar. Unlike his friend, he will never dare to take a bold and desperate act, his thoughts are extremely simple and vulgar, he is only worried about physical state, and he doesn’t have any special illusions about the world. This is how the author touches on the topic of spiritual impoverishment. Before us is Pirogov - in this case, his name speaks of the limitations of his horizons and character, his focus on the physical side of existence. His image focuses on the problem of lack of spirituality and moral decline.
3. In addition, Gogol talks about the loneliness of man - after all, no one comes to the artist’s funeral, not even his “friend” the lieutenant. It turns out that proud loneliness becomes an indirect cause of Piskarev’s death: no one helped him cope with his spiritual crisis. Loneliness in a big city goes beyond the theme: no one cares about each other, people cease to be valuable. This is a problem on a global scale, not just St. Petersburg.
4. The theme of morality is revealed through the example of a beautiful stranger from a brothel. An outwardly blooming woman turns out to be an internally vicious and callous lady of the demimonde. Appearance is deceptive; it cannot fully characterize a person. Likewise, the artist’s illusions are untenable and empty. He was unable to penetrate into the depths of things, to understand the essence of existence, and the contrast of beauty and ugliness stuns him.
5. Of course, there was a theme of love. It appears as a fateful, fateful meeting that brought passion, confusion and death. Bulgakov characterized this kind of wonderful feeling as “a killer from around the corner.” This happened with the artist, who met his killer in the form of a priestess of love. Here it is appropriate to mention the theme of rock, which was the subject of the narrator’s thoughts.

Characteristics of the main characters

1. The central role in the story is given to the artist Piskarev. He is a true creator, hungry and honest. Income is not as important to him as the creative process itself. He tends to dream, and therefore idealize. He honors and respects beauty; in his mind, what is beautiful should not be vicious. And it was these qualities that played a cruel joke on him. A non-mercantile, non-spoiled person could not come to terms with the cruel realities of St. Petersburg, where a young girl, without regret or repentance, condemns herself to the role of a prostitute, and is not at all ashamed of her position, but enjoys it. Such a turn of events could only harm such a pure and dreamy young man as Piskarev. If Pirogov had found himself in such a situation, he would not have been embarrassed at all. The painter refuses to accept the fact that a beautiful creature can be immoral and corrupt, so he tries with all his might to justify her - in his dreams she is either a noble lady or a simple village girl. So he becomes dependent on the world of dreams - over and over again it is more difficult for him to face reality. The hero was never able to accept reality, so the only way out for him was death - so the artist commits suicide.
2. A stranger from Nevsky played an important role in Piskarev’s fate. The reader does not have the opportunity to get acquainted with her inner world, but her image is written quite accurately - this girl combines an absolutely angelic appearance and a completely unangelic soul. She calmly, and even proudly, regards her work in a brothel; she considers the role of a poor man’s wife more shameful, rather than the fate of a kept woman. This contrast of appearance and soul - beautiful and disgusting - becomes deadly for the pure and dreamy Piskarev. She is a person who has adapted to life in St. Petersburg, whatever it may be, he is her complete opposite.
3. His friend, Lieutenant Pirogov, also turns out to be the complete opposite of Piskarev. He is not at all dreamy, but, on the contrary, quite rational. It is important to him what position he occupies in society, which is why he loves to boast of his rank, even if it is low for now. He can transgress the boundaries of morality and morality - for example, the presence of a woman’s husband does not stop him at all, but, on the contrary, provokes him. He is selfish and selfish, but cowardly - after all, in the end, he does not even dare to tell the general about the insult inflicted on him - from the German Schiller for molesting his wife.

Gogol contrasts Pirogov, a stranger from Nevsky, with Piskarev - so he clearly shows for what people Petersburg is suitable, and who absolutely cannot survive there. The dreamy and highly moral artist could not come to terms with the simple discrepancy between dreams and reality, but the official absolutely calmly accepted the insults and beatings, and then went on a spree with his officer friends. This is how the author expresses his opinion regarding the big city - this is a city for thick-skinned people, spoiled, callous and materialistic people, like the stranger and the Pirogov, and not for the artists Piskarevs.

Image of Nevsky Prospekt

Nevsky Prospekt personifies the entire capital as a whole. The author does not immediately reveal his attitude to the city to the reader. The book begins with the sentence: “There is nothing better than Nevsky Prospect, at least in St. Petersburg; for him he is everything.” In the course of subsequent events, the reader understands that the street is not so simple, that it was partly she who fooled the gullible Piskarev around her finger. The beautiful road that the narrator describes in the introduction is, in fact, just a beautiful shell of a vicious city. She seems to be participating in “deception”; it is the city itself that is deceiving Piskunov; as if it was because of the avenue that the artist decides to pursue the stranger. Something mystical, enigmatic and mysterious appears in his image. “Oh, don’t believe this Nevsky Prospect!<…>Everything is a deception, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!” - this is how Gogol summarizes at the end of the story.

Idea in Nevsky Prospekt

As mentioned in previous paragraphs, the writer questioned the utopian idealization of the fate of the romantic hero. In fact, such a refined nature cannot get used to the collapse of hopes and illusions. She either loses her sophistication, becoming an analogue of the girl from Nevsky, or dies. Many artists, precisely because of this pattern, do not live long, but bourgeois people, vicious women and ordinary dandies live long and relatively calm lives. The writer wanted to bring this truth of life to our attention.

However, the meaning of the story “Nevsky Prospekt” goes far beyond the problem of life in a vicious city - Gogol pays more attention to the coexistence of reality and dreams, truth and deception. To reveal this idea, the author uses the image of Nevsky Prospekt - this is how he shows the reader that everything can hide a lie, turn out to be not what it seems and what you want to believe. The same idea is continued by the image of the stranger. Her appearance also does not correspond to her internal content. People dream about what they cannot get from the world around them, but they begin to dream about it, having become infected with what the deceptive appearance shows, be it the appearance of a city or a person. And, as the fate of Piskarev shows, the discrepancy between reality and the world of illusions can bring destruction to the life and character of an individual.

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