What is coniferous forest. coniferous trees names

Hello, dear readers of the Sprint-Answer website. In this article you can find out the answers to the questions of the Supergame in the program "Field of Miracles" for October 27, 2017. The winner of the game agreed to the Supergame, so it took place. Answers to all questions of the Supergame can be found on our website in the same section. By the way, the winner won the Supergame, she guessed the main word.

Here are the questions in the Super Game "Fields of Wonders" 27.10.2017

Word horizontal (11 letters). What was the coniferous forest called in the European part of Russia and the Urals?

Word left vertical (5 letters). What was the name of the area from under the forest, bushes, cleared for arable land?

Word on the right vertically (6 letters). An old Russian proverb says: "There is space in the steppe, in the forest ..."?

Answers to the questions of the Supergame "Fields of Wonders" 27.10.2017

RED FOREST, -i, cf. coniferous forest. All species of resinous trees, such as: pine, spruce, fir, etc., are called red forest, or red forest. S. Aksakov, Notes of a rifle hunter. I do not want to say that the red forest is worse, but the aspen forest is also beautiful. (Soloukhin, The Third Hunt.)

Fight- the same as chischoba; a place where the forest is cut down, uprooted and burned for sowing; arable land cleared from under the forest.

In the steppe space, in the forest land.

1. beauty forest
2. Fight
3. land

Coniferous forest fascinates with its beauty and aroma. At any time of the year, it retains its crown, which is why it is also called evergreen. But in addition to its beauty, it serves as an excellent filter that purifies our air. Being in a pine forest for some time, you can feel a surge of strength, since the atmosphere of this place is saturated with phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on pathogens. That is why many people like to visit the coniferous forest and enjoy its air.

Families of evergreen trees

Usually in a coniferous forest there are only a few tree species. The entire class of conifers can be divided into several families:

• cypress (juniper, thuja, sequoia, some shrubs and, of course, cypress);
• pine (more than 120 varieties of pines, cedar, fir, spruce, hemlock, larch);
• yew (yew, torreya);
• araucariaceae (wollemia, agatis, araucaria);
• pediculate;
• also some botanists make a division into capitate and taxodia families.

Features of evergreens

Coniferous forest trees have their own characteristic differences. Large breeds almost always have a straight large trunk and a cone-shaped crown. If the plant is in a dense forest, its lower branches begin to die due to lack of light.

Also coniferous plants are gymnosperms, they are pollinated mainly due to the wind. Strobili, or, in other words, cones, grow on trees. When they ripen, their scales open and the seed falls to the soil, after a while it germinates.

In addition, it should be noted that the zone coniferous forests is located mainly in the Northern Hemisphere (a significant part of it is taiga). This location explains the shape of the "leaves". They are quite rigid and have a needle-like or scaly shape, they are also flat, in the form of strips. Since the climate of the area in which conifers grow is mostly cold, they have received a dark green color to better absorb the rare sunlight. Also, the wax surface of the “leaves” does not allow snow to linger on the branches, while moisture remains inside the needles during frosts.

Coniferous forest and its plants

Compared to deciduous forests in coniferous forests, the vegetation is not so diverse, but it is not sparse. They contain many shrubs and herbs. In addition, there are mosses and lichens. The soil of coniferous forests contains a lot of organic matter, so it is too oxidized for ordinary grass and shrubs. But the plants of the coniferous forest are arranged in such a way that local conditions suit them. Most often here you can find nettle, celandine, elderberry, strawberry, shepherd's purse, acacia, fern.

In such forests, moss feels best of all, which can occupy a significant area, creating a green carpet. There is a huge variety of mosses here, since the conditions for them are ideal. Due to the shade of the crowns, moisture practically does not evaporate, and the snow is in no hurry to melt. All mosses differ in color and height from each other. Some are able to reach 10 centimeters in height.

Interesting facts

The coniferous forest attracts not only with its beauty and benefits, but also with some interesting facts:

• Among conifers there is a champion in height. This is an evergreen sequoia, whose height exceeds 115 meters.
• The main part of coniferous trees is evergreen. They do not change their "leaves" from 2 to 40 years! The exception is larch, glyptostrobus, metasequoia, pseudolarch and taxodium, which shed their needles for the winter.
• There are long-lived trees on earth, and almost all of the champions among them are conifers. For example, in California there is a pine tree that, according to some estimates, is about 4,700 years old.
• There is a New Zealand dwarf pine that surprises with its small size. Its height is about 8 centimeters.
• Coniferous trees can save you from beriberi. These plants contain seven times more vitamin C than lemons. But besides this, they also contain other trace elements, so the drug from these plants can replace the multivitamin complex from the pharmacy.
• The air in the pine forest destroys the tubercle bacillus.
• The most durable coniferous wood is larch. For example, Venice is still supported on piles made of this material.

Conifers are mostly evergreens, woody or shrubby, with needle-like leaves. The needles are needle-shaped, scaly or linear leaves. Conifers belong to the class gymnosperms. In total, coniferous plants number about 600 species. It is difficult to list the names of all coniferous trees, but it is possible to provide a list of coniferous trees that are the most famous and widespread in our strip.

Pine is an evergreen coniferous tree that grows everywhere throughout Russia, is distinguished by long needles and unpretentiousness to natural conditions. Sunny pine groves are a real natural sanatorium.

- a coniferous ornamental tree from the cypress family, many varieties of arborvitae are widely cultivated for landscaping parks and private farms.

- V wild nature grows in the tropical zone, also successfully bred as an ornamental tree or shrub, the foliage differs from all previous conifers, the leaves on upward shoots are arranged spirally, on horizontal shoots - linear. Yew is very poisonous, only pitted berries are edible.

- coniferous shrub of the cypress family, used for ornamental gardening.

- a mighty tree of the North Ocean coast of America of the cypress family. Trees - centenarians from this genus live for several thousand years.

- a beautiful coniferous tree that grows wild in the mountains of China.

The above list of conifers describes plants, each of which has many species - these are just the most common conifers.

In addition to those listed, conifers include: cypress, hemlock, ginkgo, araucaria, libocedrus, pseudo-hemlock, cunningamia, cryptomeria, sciadopitis, sequoiadendron and many others.

Coniferous forest is a natural area consisting of evergreens. Their unpretentiousness, lack of fear of excess moisture and large temperature changes, as well as the need for natural light, determined the habitat and unique features.

Coniferous forests of Russia make up 2/3 of total area forests of the country. In this regard, Russia is a world leader. From the world heritage of coniferous forests, Russian part is more than half.

All coniferous forests in Russia are taiga, which extends mainly in the northern part of the country, occupies its European zone, the territory of Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as the Far East.

coniferous forest zone

There are three subzones of the taiga, each of which is characterized by its own special vegetation:

• Northern.
• Medium;
• South;

(northern taiga)

The northern subzone of the taiga is dominated by spruce forests and stunted vegetation. From the side of the tundra, they are sparse, but gradually thicken towards the south.

(Pine forest of the Urals)

The coniferous forests of the Urals are characterized by pine forests, the Far Eastern region of Siberia is represented mainly by larch

(Southern taiga forest)

The southern taiga boasts a wide variety of vegetation. Fir, spruce, cedar and larch grow here.

Forests in Russia are found formed by only one type of tree or are mixed forest stands. Depending on the composition of the coniferous forest, it is also divided into light coniferous (pine and Siberian larch), as well as dark coniferous forests. The latter are fir, cedar and spruce.

(Typical coniferous forest)

In coniferous forests, trees tend to be tall with straight trunks and large, dense crowns. Some of them, such as pines, can reach a height of 40 meters. Such conditions do not allow the formation of a diverse undergrowth. It is represented mainly by moss, low bushes of berries and club mosses. New, young trees that also need light cannot always break through, and therefore grow more often on the outskirts of the forest and edges.

The climate of coniferous forests

In the coniferous forests of Russia, the climate is special, it is characterized by warm and sometimes hot summers and frosty, harsh winters. The maximum temperatures reach 45 degrees with a plus and minus sign, respectively. A similar climate is suitable for conifers that are undemanding to such temperature changes. For them, the main thing is the sufficient availability of natural light.

Another feature of the climate Russian taiga- high humidity. Precipitation here exceeds the actual volume of evaporation. Not infrequently, especially in Siberia, there are large areas of wetlands. This is partly due to the close approach of groundwater.

Human economic activity

The territory of the taiga is represented by timber, the volume of which exceeds 5.5 billion cubic meters.

Such resources, as well as the presence of oil, gas and coal reserves in the subsoil of the regions, determined the main types of economic activity in taiga:

• extraction of oil, gas and minerals;
• logging;
• timber processing.

For example, pine wood is used to make building materials, furniture, it is valued as a fuel, cellophane, rayon and, of course, paper are also produced from it.

Spruce and fir also act as a material for construction. Paper, artificial viscose, etc. are made from their wood. An interesting feature spruce is a resonant wood that is used to make musical instruments.

Today is Friday again, and again the guests are in the studio, spinning the drum and guessing the letters. The next issue of the capital show Field of Miracles is on the air and here is one of the questions in the game:

What was the coniferous forest called in the European part of Russia and the Urals? 11 letters

Correct answer - Krasnolesye

Since ancient times, our country was considered a country of forests. And for good reason: 45% of the territory falls on forest zones. The forest and human life are two links, the existence of which is impossible without each other. For a long time, the forest fed, clothed, warmed the Russian people, saved them from enemies. And a special place has always belonged to the coniferous forest. In Rus', the coniferous forest was called red forest. It owes this name due to the fact that it is green all year round, which means it is beautiful, red.

Krasnolesye ... Listen to this word. Everything is in it: surprise, admiration and even reverence for a real work of nature - coniferous forest. It is really red in all seasons, especially the pine forest with its reddish-golden trunks illuminated by the sun, solemnly rising into the blue of the sky. Greens and gold - how not to appreciate this luxury, born in the harsh northern region. And our ancestors loved and appreciated the red forest, involuntarily contrasting it with black forest - a deciduous forest that loses its leaves for the winter and becomes faceless, dark, black. The black forest was also usually considered a refuge for black, evil spirits: it was in it, and not in the pine forest, according to popular beliefs, goblin, witches and mermaids settled.