Deciduous tree with needles on branches. Deciduous and coniferous plants for the garden

How nice it is to walk in the forest or park, where there are many beautiful and different plants. I like to walk more autumn forest. There are fewer spider bugs. And the forest looks very picturesque, especially if it has deciduous trees. There are no forests in our area. But all sorts of trees grow, even conifers (if planted and cared for).

What are deciduous plants

They are called deciduous because leaves hang on the branches of such plants. They come in different shapes and sizes. In summer, plant leaves are mostly green (although some ornamental shrubs and exotic plants come in different colors).

Deciduous trees and shrubs change color to yellow-orange-red in autumn. There are trees that do not change the color of their foliage. This is due to the fact that the leaves lack a pigment of a different color. These are plants such as:

• alder;
• elm;
• lilac;
• wild rosemary;
• southern plants - laurel, eucalyptus, magnolia.

Coniferous plants: what is unusual about them

Such plants are also called evergreen (because the needles never change their green color). Instead of leaves, needles grow on their branches - needles (these are leaves of this shape). The needles, like the leaves, are of different sizes, and even straight or curved. The needles not only do not change color, but also do not crumble. The only exception is larch. Her needles turn yellow and fall off for the winter, it was not for nothing that she was called that.

What is the difference between coniferous and deciduous plants from each other

It is the shape of the leaves that differ. Even deciduous from conifers differ in color. Deciduous plants bloom in a variety of ways (then they have seeds of different shapes), and conifers immediately have cones.

And they have a different habitat. They don't grow everywhere coniferous plants, or vice versa - deciduous. coniferous forests more in Siberia, it is called taiga. Here, in the steppe region, coniferous trees do not grow by themselves, it is hot and too dry here. And conifers love moisture and a temperate climate. This is not available everywhere. But in Russia, the taiga occupies large area, and it is also available in Canada and the Scandinavian countries.

Deciduous plants grow almost everywhere. Because different plants adapt to different conditions a habitat. Even in the desert or tundra there are deciduous plants.

Here in central Russia there are many mixed forests. What a beauty, especially in autumn. No wonder Pushkin loved autumn. And in general, the colorful forest inspired more than one poet.

To make the garden harmonious and comfortable, plantings and their ratio are planned in advance. Equilibrium and balance can be achieved by proportionally seating deciduous and coniferous for the garden. However, in an attempt to make the garden decorative all year round, owners often make the mistake of planting a lot of conifers. Let's try to find the golden mean.

Deciduous and coniferous plants for the garden: what is the difference

It is difficult to imagine a garden or park without trees, because they are the main decoration of any area, and in addition they perform a number of other functions. Under a large crown of trees you can hide from the rain or the scorching sun. large trees they plant along roads and alleys, plant trees in big cities. Trees purify the air, remove noise and dust. Some species of deciduous trees look spectacular during flowering, and some varieties are grown exclusively for landscaping.

Fruit trees perform several functions at once : they decorate the garden, delight with delicious fruits, impress with flowers in springtime. You can browse and choose.

All trees on the planet can be divided into two huge species - these are deciduous and conifers. What is the difference coniferous plants for the garden from deciduous? The answer is obvious: leaves grow on hardwoods, coniferous plants grow coniferous needles or scales. Roughly speaking, the needles are the same leaves, only slightly modified. There is another huge difference between coniferous and deciduous trees. Needles keeps on branches all year round, but the leaves fall off by winter. The exception is evergreen deciduous trees, but they grow in the south, such as large-flowered magnolia. Evergreen trees are usually found in the subtropics and tropics. Known species: false camphor laurel, Loureiro cinnamon, myrzinoleaf oak, eucalyptus, Ceylon cinnamon.

So why do deciduous plants shed their leaves while conifers do not? In fact, not all conifers remain evergreen, just as not all deciduous trees shed their leaves. The main exception is the larch coniferous plant, it hibernates without needles. Deciduous trees shed their leaves due to their life cycle so they are easier to carry winter period. Heavy snow remaining on the leaves could damage the branches. Also, the leaf area is much larger than the needles, the leaves evaporate moisture, and the tree nourishes it from the ground. IN winter time problematic to get right amount water to a tree, it's easier to just throw off the leaves. The needles are smaller, so moisture evaporates in a small amount. Usually the needles are updated every four years.

What trees are best to plant on your own site

The choice of plants depends on the preferences of the owner, as well as the function and place of planting. Deciduous trees can be divided into ornamental and fruit trees. If there is a desire to create a garden in the country, then it is better to plant fruit trees. They perform many functions at once. Fruit trees bloom very beautifully, the fragrance of flowers is felt in the air, everything becomes incredibly beautiful. In summer, in the shade of a fruit tree, you can hide from the sun and relax, and pick fruits in the fall.

Fruit trees

Ornamental trees can look very impressive, have an unusual shape of leaves or a unique color, but produce inedible fruits. For example, red maple impresses with the color of the leaves in autumn, but it can only perform a decorative function. Here you need to decide what you want to get: decorative or practical use. Fruit trees would be more correctly called fruit-decorative, because they all bloom incredibly beautifully. Cherry, plum, sweet cherry, apple tree, apricot and other species effectively decorate the site in spring.

coniferous plants

Coniferous trees look great in every park, in the country they can rarely be found. Spruce can be used instead of a Christmas tree, while others conifer breeds, an integral part of rocky gardens and rocky hills.

Can coniferous trees be planted next to deciduous trees? Coniferous trees can be planted next to decorative deciduous trees, they will effectively complement each other in compositions. Even in nature, conifers often grow alongside oak, birch, and other hardwoods. Problems may arise only when planting a coniferous tree next to a fruit tree. The roots of conifers grow rapidly, and these trees can also acidify the earth. yield fruit trees because of such a neighbor, it may fall over time. The optimal distance between a coniferous tree and a fruit tree is at least five meters.

Popular Hardwood Trees

Deciduous trees look perfect in every garden, it is impossible to do without them. The most popular species that effectively decorate the garden are birch, especially weeping forms, willow, sakura, horse chestnut. Catalpa has become a particularly popular tree in small gardens, because it has large and unusual leaves, and also grows well on a trunk. Red-leaved maples are also incredibly beautiful, the sumac tree grows unusually.

It is worth noting the beauty and aroma of linden during flowering, and Robinia and acacia will fill the air with aroma and delight with delicate flowers. It is also necessary to pay attention to the very unique and unusual tree called cercis or purplish. When the tree blooms, the sight is incredible, as pink flowers bloom literally all over the tree.

Magnolia, Japanese maple, paulownia will not be superfluous in the garden. The decorativeness of such plants will help create an unforgettable and fragrant garden.

The strict outlines of conifers are always appropriate in any landscape design. In summer, they are perfectly combined with the lawn and other flowering crops, shading them favorably, and in winter they save the backyard with their bright branching from dullness and lifelessness. In addition, they endlessly give pure, enriched with healing essential oils air. The unjustified superstitions about the prohibitions of growing such crops in private courtyards have sunk into oblivion. Modern gardeners can no longer imagine their garden without evergreen ornaments. And there is plenty to choose from. Take a closer look at which of the coniferous trees is right for you.

Did you know? Coniferous trees lead the list of long-lived plants. The oldest spruce found in Sweden today is considered to be Old Tikko, which, according to various estimates, is more than 9.5 thousand years old. Another "old-timer" - the Methuselah intermountain pine, has been growing in the USA for 4846 years. In general, for conifers, the normal age is measured in millennia. On the globe only 20 ancient trees are known, of which only one is deciduous - this is a sacred ficus from Sri Lanka, which is 2217 years old.

Tall slender coniferous fir trees in the garden very effective both in single and in composite plantings. Some craftsmen build unique hedges from them. Today's spruce is not only a tall large culture familiar to us since childhood with a cone-shaped narrow crown and dry lower branches. The assortment of prickly beauties is regularly renewed with decorative varieties. For planting in personal plots in demand:

• "Acrocona" (when mature reaches a height of 3 m and a width of 4 m);
• "Inversa" (spruce trees of this variety up to 7 m high and up to 2 m wide);
• "Maxwellii" (is a compact tree up to 2 m high and wide);
• "Nidiformis" (such a spruce no more than a meter high and about 1.5 m wide);
• "Ohlendorfii" (the trunk of an adult tree stretches up to 6 m, the crown is up to 3 m in diameter);
• "Glauca" (spruce with blue needles, this beautiful garden decoration is often used in compositions with deciduous trees).

Fir is a magnificent tree from the Pine family (Pinaceae). Among other conifers, it stands out with purple cones growing upwards and flat needles. The needles are shiny and soft, they are dark green above, and each is marked with a white stripe below. Young seedlings grow for a very long time, and from the age of 10, development accelerates and lasts until the roots die. Despite the prevalence of fir, many find it difficult to answer whether it is a coniferous or deciduous tree. Among gardeners, varieties of decorative balsam fir are in demand:

• "Columnaris" (columnar);
• "Prostrate" (branches grow horizontally, their length is up to 2.5 m);
• "Nana" (tree up to 50 cm high and 1 m wide, rounded flattened crown);
• "Argenta" (silver needles, each needle has a white tip);
• "Glauca" (blue needles with a wax coating);
• "Variegata" (distinguished by yellow spotting on needles).

Juniper is the leader in the list of coniferous trees in terms of bactericidal properties. The plant appeared more than 50 million years ago. Today, scientists classify it to the Cypress family and distinguish about 70 species, of which only nine are cultivated in Ukraine.

Among the juniper variety there are 30-meter giants and 15-centimeter elfins. Each of them has its own characteristics, not only in the form of a crown and hairpins, but also in the requirements for conditions and care. In the garden, such a culture will look in rockeries, rock gardens, and as a hedge. Most often on personal plots there are varieties of ordinary juniper:

• "Gold Cone" (the height reaches 4 m, and the width is 1 m, the branches form a dense narrow-conical shape);
• "Hibernika" (trunk of a mature tree up to 3.5 m high, crown narrow, columnar, 1 m in diameter);
• "Green Carpet" (dwarf variety up to 50 cm tall and 1.5 m in volume, ground cover crown);
• "Suecica" (the shrub stretches up to 4 m and grows in breadth up to 1 m, the crown is columnar).

Important! In the garden, junipers are recommended to be planted away from fruit trees, as they are conductors of a disease such as rust. From a preventive point of view, fruit crops are separated by a protective strip of tall plants, regularly inspected for damage to the branch, pruned as necessary. The affected areas are treated with fungicides.

Do you know which conifers are more common in aristocratic English gardens? Of course, cedars. They kind of frame the entire garden landscape. Such trees have become an integral part of the decoration of the front door or the vast lawn in front of the house. Cedars simultaneously create an atmosphere of home comfort and solemnity. In addition, dwarf forms are widely used for bonsai.

In their natural form, these trees rise majestically in mountain ranges at an altitude of up to 3 thousand meters above sea level and seem like real giants. Wild breeds grow up to 50 m in height. And although mankind has known about this plant for more than 250 years, scientists still cannot come to a single number of cedar species.

Some argue that all mature trees are identical and suggest the existence of only the Lebanese species, while others additionally distinguish the Himalayan, Atlas and short coniferous species. The database of the international project "Catalogue of Life", which is engaged in the inventory of all species of flora and fauna known on the planet, contains information about the above species, with the exception of the short coniferous.

Taking into account the experience of the experts - participants of the project, who managed to collect information about 85% of all life on the globe, we will adhere to their classification of all conifers.

Did you know? Purchased pine nuts, which are loved by many, actually have nothing to do with cedar. The grains of genuine cedars are inedible, unlike the seed of the cedar pine. It is she who in narrow circles is called the Siberian cedar.

Cedar has many decorative forms, differing in the length of the needles, the color of the needles, and in size:

• "Glauca" (with blue needles);
• "Breviramulosa" (with sparse long skeletal branches);
• "Stricta" (columnar crown is formed due to dense, short branches, slightly raised upwards);
• "Pendula" (branches fall down easily);
• "Tortuosa" (distinguished by sinuous main branches);
• "Nana" (dwarf variety);
• "Nana Pyramidata" (short tree with upward branches).

These evergreens from the genus Cypress in their native environment grow up to 70 meters in height and are very reminiscent of cypress trees. Through the efforts of breeders, the culture of such coniferous trees is actively replenished with the names of new varieties that will satisfy every taste.

In landscape design, undersized varieties are often used to create hedges, medium trees are planted singly or in compositions, dwarfs are settled in rock gardens and mixborders. The plant easily fits into all design ensembles of garden design, it is distinguished by fluffy and soft needles. When you hit the needles, you will feel a pleasant touch, not a bristly tingle.

Dwarf varieties that do not exceed 360 cm in height are very popular with gardeners. Such popularity is due to the versatility and decorativeness of coniferous bushes. Today the most popular varieties are:

• "Ericoides" (thuja-shaped cypress up to 1.5 m high, shock-shaped);
• "Nana Gracilis" (by the age of 10 it grows up to half a meter, the crown is round or conical);
• "Ellwoodii" (a tree with a columnar crown, transforms into a pyramidal crown with age, grows up to 1.5 m by the age of ten);
• "Minima Aurea" (the plant is dwarf, its crown resembles a rounded pyramid);
• "Compacta" (distinguished by dense branches, neat crown up to 1 m high);

Important! Dwarf varieties "Gnom", "Minima", "Minima glauca", "Minima aurea" winter very badly. Under the snow cover, they will not freeze, but they can sweat. It is recommended to monitor the density of snow.

In the natural environment, these plants are evergreen trees or shrubs with a crown in the shape of a cone or pyramid, a slender trunk covered with thick bark, foliage pressed to the branches and cones ripening in the second year. Scientists know about 25 species of cypress, of which about ten are used in horticulture. Moreover, each of them has its own requirements and whims for growing conditions and care. Common varieties of cypress:

• "Benthamii" (graceful crown, bluish-green needles);
• "Lindleyi" (distinguished by bright green needles and large cones);
• "Tristis" (columnar crown, branches grow down);
• "Aschersoniana" (undersized form);
• "Сompacta" (cypress develops in the form of a shrub, has a rounded crown and bluish needles);
• "Сonica" (pin-shaped crown and blue needles with a smoky shade, does not tolerate frost);
• "Fastigiata" (stocky form with smoky blue needles);
• "Glauca" (crown tends to be more columnar, silver needles, not hardy).

Based on the name, many do not consider this tree to be coniferous and are deeply mistaken. In fact, larch belongs to the Pine family and is the most common species of coniferous crops. Outwardly, this tall, slender tree looks like a Christmas tree, but every autumn it sheds its needles.

The larch trunk in favorable conditions can reach a diameter of 1 m and 50 m in height. The bark is thick, covered with deep brown furrows. The branches grow chaotically upwards at an angle, forming an aura cone-shaped crown. Needles 4 cm long, soft, flattened, bright green. Botanists distinguish 14 types of larch. The following varieties are popular in horticulture:

• "Viminalis" (weeping);
• "Corley" (cushion);
• "Repens" (with creeping branches);
• "Cervicornis" (twisted branches);
• "Kornik" (spherical, used as a scion on a stem);
• "Blue Dwarf" (characterized by short stature and bluish needles);
• "Diana" (slowly stretches up to 2 m, the crown resembles a ball, the branches are slightly spiral, the needles are smoky green);
• "Stiff Weeper" (distinguished by long sprouts creeping along the soil, needles with a bluish tint, often grafted onto a trunk);
• "Wolterdinger" (the crown is dense, similar to a dome, it develops slowly).

About 115 species of pines (Pinus) are known in the world, but seventeen species are common in Ukraine, and only eleven of them are cultivated. From other conifers, pines differ in fragrant needles located on branches in bunches of 2 to 5 pieces. Depending on their number, the breed of pine is determined.

Important! In the open air, pine roots dry out after 15 minutes. Pine planting is best planned for April-May or mid-September.

For garden collections, breeders have bred many miniature forms with slow growth. In large-scale forest park areas, giant natural species of pines are more common. In small adjoining areas and in the backyard, low-growing varieties of pines will look spectacular. Such evergreen bushes can be identified in a rock garden, on a lawn or in a mixborder. Mountain pine varieties are popular, which in wild nature found on Western European slopes and reaches a height of 1.5 to 12 m:

• "Gnom" (characterized by a crown height and diameter of 2 m, needles up to 4 cm long);
• "Columnaris" (shrub up to 2.5 m high and up to 3 m wide, long and dense needles);
• "Mops" (trunk up to 1.5 m high, branches form a spherical shape);
• "Mini Mops" (shrub reaches up to 60 cm, grows up to 1 m in diameter, cushion-shaped crown);
• "Globosa Viridis" (pine shrub height and width about 1 m, ovoid shape, needles up to 10 cm long).

Compact columnar arborvitae of ornamental varieties are found in almost every botanical garden and park. R Asthenia from the Cypress family is cultivated in Ukraine exclusively as an evergreen decoration. Gardeners in the reviews note the culture's resistance to decay, severe frosts and drought.

Thuja has a powerful superficial rhizome, branches growing upwards, forming the shape of a column or pyramid, scaly dark leaves, small cones that ripen in the first year. Weeping, creeping and dwarf varieties are also bred. Of these, varieties of the western thuja (occidentalis) are in the lead, which is distinguished by a fast-growing powerful trunk, reaching a height of 7 m, and branching up to 2 m in diameter. The needles of such a shrub are always green, regardless of the season. Saturated orange tint the needles are distinguished by the variety "Cloth of Gold", in winter the branches acquire a copper tint. Such specimens are best cultivated in shady areas with neutral soil.

Did you know? Thuja spread in Europe thanks to the king of France, Francis the first, who was a fan unique cultures that appeared in his garden at Fontainebleau. He called the plant the "tree of life" and ordered that large areas around the palace be planted with it. After 200 years, thuja was already cultivated in the east of Europe. At the same time, inexperienced gardeners were often disappointed, because they grew a marvelous tree from seeds, and instead of the expected "Columna" they got a giant 30-meter monster with rare branches. It is this thuja that grows in its natural environment.

A dense crown in the form of a narrow 7-meter column is created by branches of the medium-sized variety "Columna". It can be seen from afar by dark green needles with a brilliant sheen, which does not change either in winter or in summer. Such a tree is frost-resistant, not demanding in care. For small gardens, compact arborvitae of the "Holmstrup" variety are suitable, which grow up to 3 meters in height and branch out in a volume of up to 1 m, forming a lush conical shape of rich green color.

The variety is characterized by increased frost resistance, tolerates pruning well, is used mainly for creating hedges. One of the best varieties arborvitae with a conical crown gardeners consider "Smaragd". An adult tree reaches 4 m in height and 1.5 m in width. In young specimens, the branches form a narrow cone, and as they age, it expands. The needles are juicy, green with a glossy sheen. In care requires moist soil.

It is a very decorative evergreen columnar tree, reaching a height of 20 meters in adulthood. The shoots grow intensively, annually adding up to 1 m. The branches are covered with scaly leaves, develop in the same plane. The fruits are small. For many, such a wonderful name is a discovery, so in Ukraine you can only meet cupressocyparis in the areas of advanced collectors and ardent landscapers. In its native UK, where the hybrid is cultivated, it is used to create a hedge, especially since the culture is easily adapted after pruning. In Ukraine, the most common varieties of cupressocypress Leyland:

• Castlewellan Gold. It is characterized by resistance to winds and frosts, not demanding in care. It has a bright golden crown. Young branches purple.
• Robinson's Gold. Dense green branches form a pin-shaped wide crown of a bronze-yellow color.
• Leithon Green. It is a tree with an openwork crown of yellowish-green color. The branches are arranged asymmetrically, the trunk is clearly visible.
• Green Spire. A hybrid with bright yellowish leaves and a slightly columnar form.
• "Haggerston Grey". Differs in loose gray-green branches.

Important! Cupressocyparis grows best on fresh, sufficiently moist and mineral-rich substrates, regardless of pH. It is not recommended to plant a plant on waterlogged or dry carbonate lands.

In Japan, this majestic coniferous giant is considered the national tree. It can be found not only in wild forests and on mountain slopes, but also in the design of park alleys. Evergreen cryptomeria grows by the age of 150 to a height of 60 m, in favorable conditions its trunk cannot be hugged - in girth it can reach 2 m.

Branches with a light or dark shade of needles create a narrow dense crown. In some trees, the needles are filled with a reddish or yellowish tone for the winter. To the touch they are not prickly, in appearance they are short, subulate. Cones are round, small, brown, ripen throughout the year. Botanists classify cryptomeria to the Cypress family and distinguish it into a single species. The eastern origin of the culture explains its parallel names.

The people often call the tree "Japanese cedar", which causes indignation among scientists, since cryptomeria has nothing to do with cedar. The adverbs "shan" (Chinese) and "sugi" (Japanese) are also used. Contemplating a majestic tree in the wild, it is hard to even imagine that it can be grown in a home garden or in an apartment. But breeders took care of this by creating many decorative dwarf forms, reaching a height of no more than 2 m. spherical "Compressa", "Globosa".

These are evergreen trees or shrubs belonging to the Yew family, with a purple-smoky bark of a smooth or lamellar structure and soft long needles. Scientists distinguish 8 species of the genus that are common in Europe, North America, Africa and East Asia. In Ukraine, only berry yew (European) grows in its natural environment.

The view is a big tree up to 20 m tall with reddish-brown bark, lanceolate leaves with a narrowed base on short legs. The needles are glossy dark green above and light matte below. In care, these representatives of coniferous trees replenish the list of undemanding crops. Yew needles are dangerous for animals, can provoke severe poisoning and even death. Garden varieties of yew amaze with a wide range. Due to the good adaptation of the plant to pruning, it is used to create borders and various green figures. Each species has its own characteristics. The most common varieties:

• "Aurea". Dwarf yew up to 1 m high, with dense small yellow needles.
• "Pyramidalis". Low pyramidal shape, becomes loose with age. The needles are longer at the base of the branches and shorter at the top. Bush height 1 m, width 1.5 m.
• "Capitata". The crown is in the form of a skittle, grows rapidly, has one or more trunks.
• "Columnaris". The crown is wide columnar. With age, the apex becomes wider than the base.
• Densa. Slow growing, female plant, crown wide, flattened.
• "expansa". Vase-shaped crown, stemless, with an open center.
• Farmen. Low-growing yew with a wide crown and dark needles.

Did you know? Pharmaceutical companies have been using yew raw materials for the manufacture of drugs for malignant tumors for more than 20 years. The berry yew, common in our country, is known healing properties with cancers of the mammary glands, ovaries, intestines, stomach, failure hormonal background. In Europe, after trimming hedges, gardeners take yew branches to specialized points for further processing.

When choosing an evergreen decoration for your garden or house adjoining area, you need to know not only what coniferous trees and shrubs are, the names of their species and varieties, but it is also important to understand the characteristics of growth, final size, crown shape, development rate, care. Otherwise, instead of a luxurious decoration in the garden, you can get a highly branched monster that will create a shadow for all living things around.

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In this lesson, the topic "Deciduous and Coniferous Trees" will be considered, which will help students learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Consider them features.

Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. Leaves are one such feature. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

Birch has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Maple has a wide leaf plate with pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, on the central petiole there are up to 15 small leaves.

Complex leaf and chestnut. Slightly pointed leaves are connected at the top of the main petiole.

Birch, mountain ash, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) The presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their foliage. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered oak a sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, the life expectancy is 500 years. But there are centenarians for more than a thousand years. Ripe on oak trees in autumn acorns.

These are rich and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns, he will hide them in a hollow in reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of delicious fruits. Wild boars also rush for acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on oak - for a harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfold. And oak is considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.

People say about cowardly people: "It trembles like an aspen leaf." In fact, the aspen leaf trembles from the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear on the aspen, earrings appear. People say: "Fluff flew from the aspen, go to the forest for a boletus."

These are mushrooms that like to grow under the aspen. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

Takes from my flower

The bee is the most delicious honey.

And everyone hates me

Remove the thin skin.

This Linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it is not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to linden for bast. This is the inner part of the cortex. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is coniferous. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, larch. A forest of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in autumn, so their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree descends to the very ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from a strong wind, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windbreaks. It looks like a spruce branch with cones. Cones are oblong.

Spruce is a very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house under New Year!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. And pine can grow on rocks and ravines. It looks like a pine branch with a cone.

Pine needles are longer than those of spruce. Needles grow on a branch two together. Cones are short, rounded.

There is a tree with unusual properties among coniferous trees - this larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in autumn, larch turns yellow and sheds needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In the spring, young needles reappear from the buds.

If there are both coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves hold fumes and soot. Trees need to be protected.

In the next lesson, the topic "Autumn in the life of plants" will be considered. In the course of the lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in plant life.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world 1. - M.: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: Education.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe conifers.

3. Guess the riddles.

1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very straight - in height.

If I'm not at the edge,

Branches only at the top. (Pine)

2. You will always find her in the forest -

You go for a walk and you will meet:

It is prickly, like a hedgehog,

In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. In this sleek box

Bronze color

Hidden little oak tree

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Non-thorny needles.

But unlike the Christmas tree -

Those needles are falling off. (Larch)

5. Takes from my flower

Bee is the most delicious honey.

And yet they offend me

The thin skin is torn off. (Linden)

In this lesson, the topic "Deciduous and Coniferous Trees" will be considered, which will help students learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Consider their distinguishing features.

Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. Leaves are one such feature. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

Birch has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Maple has a wide leaf plate with pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, on the central petiole there are up to 15 small leaves.

Complex leaf and chestnut. Slightly pointed leaves are connected at the top of the main petiole.

Birch, mountain ash, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) The presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their foliage. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered oak a sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, the life expectancy is 500 years. But there are centenarians for more than a thousand years. Ripe on oak trees in autumn acorns.

These are rich and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns, he will hide them in a hollow in reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of delicious fruits. Wild boars also rush for acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on oak - for a harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfold. And oak is considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.

People say about cowardly people: "It trembles like an aspen leaf." In fact, the aspen leaf trembles from the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear on the aspen, earrings appear. People say: "Fluff flew from the aspen, go to the forest for a boletus."

These are mushrooms that like to grow under the aspen. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

Takes from my flower

The bee is the most delicious honey.

And everyone hates me

Remove the thin skin.

This Linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it is not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to linden for bast. This is the inner part of the cortex. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is coniferous. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, larch. A forest of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in autumn, so their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree descends to the very ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from a strong wind, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windbreaks. It looks like a spruce branch with cones. Cones are oblong.

Spruce is a very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house on New Year's Eve!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. And pine can grow on rocks and ravines. It looks like a pine branch with a cone.

Pine needles are longer than those of spruce. Needles grow on a branch two together. Cones are short, rounded.

There is a tree with unusual properties among coniferous trees - this larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in autumn, larch turns yellow and sheds needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In the spring, young needles reappear from the buds.

If there are both coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves hold fumes and soot. Trees need to be protected.

In the next lesson, the topic "Autumn in the life of plants" will be considered. In the course of the lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in plant life.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around 1. - M .: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: Education.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe conifers.

3. Guess the riddles.

1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very straight - in height.

If I'm not at the edge,

Branches only at the top. (Pine)

2. You will always find her in the forest -

You go for a walk and you will meet:

It is prickly, like a hedgehog,

In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. In this sleek box

Bronze color

Hidden little oak tree

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Non-thorny needles.

But unlike the Christmas tree -

Those needles are falling off. (Larch)

5. Takes from my flower

Bee is the most delicious honey.

And yet they offend me

The thin skin is torn off. (Linden)