Presentation of the animal organism as a complete system. Presentation for the lesson. Topic: "The body as a whole

1. Basic concepts 2. The human body as a single self-developing and self-regulating biological system 3.1. Musculoskeletal system 3.2. The cardiovascular system(circulatory system) 3.3. Breath. Respiratory system 3.4. Nervous system 4. Metabolism and energy - the basis of the life of the human body

The human body is a single, complex, self-regulating and self-developing system that is in constant interaction with the environment, has the ability to self-learn, perceive, transmit and store information. The functional system of the body is a group of organs that ensures the coordinated flow of vital processes in them. There are the following systems human body: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, digestive, endocrine, excretory, etc.

Homeostasis - the relative dynamic constancy of the internal environment of the body (body temperature 36–37 ° C; acid-base balance of blood pH = 7.4–7.35; osmotic blood pressure 7.6–7.8 atm .; hemoglobin concentration in blood 130 -160 g/l, etc. Resistance - the ability of the body to work in conditions of adverse changes in the internal environment Adaptation - the ability of the body to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Reflex - the body's response to irritation, both internal and external, carried out through the central nervous system. Reflexes are divided into conditional and unconditional. Hypoxia - oxygen starvation, which occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air or in the blood. Maximum Oxygen Consumption (MOC) – the largest number oxygen that the body can consume per minute during extremely intense muscle work.

Cell - elementary living system, providing structural and functional unity of tissues, reproduction, growth and transfer of hereditary properties of the organism. Tissue is a system of cells and non-cellular structures, united by a common physiological function, structure and origin.

The spinal column consists of vertebrae and has five sections: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (4-5)

Erythrocytes are red blood cells, they carry the red pigment hemoglobin. Leukocytes are white blood cells. The main function is to protect the body from pathogens. Platelets are platelets whose main function is to ensure blood clotting.

The main functions of blood: Transport - delivers to cells nutrients and oxygen, removes metabolic waste products from the body. Protective - protects the body from harmful substances and infections, due to the presence of a coagulation mechanism (stop bleeding). Heat exchange - is involved in maintaining a constant body temperature.

Respiration is a complex of physiological processes that ensure the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by a living organism. The process of respiration is usually divided into: external (pulmonary) internal (tissue) External respiration is carried out with the help of a respiratory apparatus, consisting of airways.

Tidal volume - the volume of air passing through the lungs in one respiratory cycle (inhalation, exhalation). Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute. One cycle consists of inhalation, exhalation and respiratory pause.

Pulmonary ventilation is the volume of air that passes through the lungs per minute. Oxygen consumption is the amount of oxygen used by the body at rest or during exercise per minute. Maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) is the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can consume per minute during maximum muscular work.

The formation of a motor skill occurs in three phases: The generalization phase is the expansion and strengthening of the excitatory process, as a result of which additional muscle groups are included in the work. The concentration phase is a differentiated inhibition of excessive excitation and its concentration in the necessary areas of the brain. The automation phase is the execution of a movement automatically, without the participation of attention and thinking.

Metabolism - two interrelated opposite processes occurring simultaneously, as a result of which the assimilation of substances coming from environment and their biological transformation into potential energy (assimilation), and the second process is associated with the constant decay of substances and the removal of decay products from the body (dissimilation).

Lesson planning. Biology - Grade 9

Subject: "Organism is a holistic self-regulating system"

Lesson #3

Lesson topic "The body is an integral self-regulating system"

Basic Tutorial

Sukhorukova L.N. Biology. Living systems and ecosystems. Grade 9, textbook for general education. institutions with an application on electronic media / L.N. Sukhorukova, V.S. Kuchmenko; Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. Education, ed - in "Prosveshchenie". – 2nd ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2011

The purpose of the lesson: formation of concepts about the body as a biological system

Tasks: based on the actualization of knowledge from previously studied sections of biology, to systematize knowledge about the diversity of organisms and their role in nature; develop the ability to generalize and systematize information; graft environmental literacy; conviction in the need to possess biological knowledge to preserve the integrity of natural systems.

Planned results: the student must: name the main groups organic world; characterize representatives of prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants, fungi, animals), their role in nature; compare autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

Type of lesson: a lesson in learning new material with a phased consolidation.

Forms of work of students: work with a textbook, an electronic supplement to a textbook.

Necessary technical equipment: computer, electronic textbook.

During the classes

1. Organizational stage - 2 - 3 minutes.

The teacher introduces the work plan, checks whether the student has a textbook and an electronic supplement to the textbook.

Learning new material.

The relationship between cells, tissues and organs in the body.

The theme of our lesson is "The body is an integral self-regulating system." First, let's remember:

What is the structure of an animal cell? Open the interactive table - p. 14 "Structure animal cell". Describe the functions of cell organelles.

Remember the levels of organization of a living organism, use Figure 1.1 when answering (The student must build a chain: cell - tissues - organ - organ system - organism)

One of the signs of a living organism is the cellular structure. What is a cell? Give me a definition.(If you have any difficulties, you can open the dictionary of the electronic textbook)

Can one cell be a complete organism? Give examples of unicellular organisms.

(When answering, use the interactive table "Single-celled and multicellular organisms")

Define the term "textile".

What do tissues form?

Open the presentation “Human Tissues” and repeat the structural features of tissues.

What is an organ system? Give examples

1. Levels of organization of life on Earth

(according to Severtsov)

Biocenosis

Human society

4

3

population

View

multicellular organism

unicellular organism

2

Cell

1. cellular-molecular

   organismic

   population-species

   biocenotic

   biospheric

1

Molecule

Molecule

Cell

Textile

Organ

Organ system

organism

Organ - a part of the body that has a certain shape, structure, location and performs one or more functions.

Organ system - these are organs that are anatomically united, having a common structural plan, a common origin and performing common functions.

SOOD (skeleton, muscles)

Lymphatic system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels)

Circulatory system (heart, blood vessels)

Reproductive system (sex organs, gonads)

Nervous system (sense organs, nerves, brain and spinal cord)

Endocrine system (endocrine glands)

Digestive system (intestines, digestive glands)

Respiratory system (lungs, airways)

Excretory system (kidneys, urinary tract0

Integumentary (skin, mucous membranes).

The biological meaning of life on planet Earth is the reproduction of one's own, i.e. reproduction.

Reproduction is of two types - sexual and asexual. We already know that the main advantage of sexual reproduction is the genetic diversity of the offspring, which are more likely to adapt to environmental changes.

What effect does the environment have or can have on the body?

The connection of the organism with the external environment

Which organs receive signals from the external environment?

The flow of information is carried out through direct and feedback channels: in the executive neurons, nerve impulses appear that enter the central nervous system and signal its state. In response to them, impulses are sent to the organs, strengthening or weakening the response. The presence of a signal form of information, its transmission according to the feedback principle - characteristic organism as a living system.

Open the slide show "Direct and Feedback".

Answer the questions:

Who in this case is the managerial link, who is the executive link?

What happens in organisms when a danger occurs?

Fizkultminutka. It's time to take a short break, spend a physical exercise for the eyes. Open the electronic gym and complete the tasks.

The body is a self-regulating system.

Read the text of the textbook "The body is a self-regulating system."

What is homeostasis?

Consolidation of the studied material.

What is the principle of self-regulation of the body?

What determines the behavior of an organism?

Test your knowledge with the quiz on page 15

Homework

Study the material § 3, answer the questions on p. 15, using the interactive table “Needs - the basis of behavior”, write a story about the life of one of the animals.

The body is a typical self-regulating system

In modern self-regulatory systems, channels and methods of information transfer are clearly defined. Thus, a living organism is a typical self-regulating system.

Remark 1

With the help of sensors-receptors, information about the state of the environment and the internal environment is perceived. So, for example, visual information is considered one of the most important for a person. This information is received by the body with the help of optical-chemical sensors - the eyes.

Definition 1

The eye is a complex optical device with a system of adaptation and accommodation, and a physicochemical converter of photon energy into an electrical impulse of the optic nerves.

Acoustic information is perceived by the body through the auditory mechanism, which converts the mechanical energy of air vibrations into electrical impulses of the auditory nerve.

Remark 2

The most ancient receptors are tactile and taste. They have great selective sensitivity.

Features of the biological system of the body

Remark 3

All information through receptors enters the central nervous system.

And she, in turn, is able to perform several functions at the same time. For example, database and knowledge, expert system, CPU, RAM and long-term memory.

Information coming from the periphery is sorted at the reception stage, since the nerve endings of the receptors reach the central nervous system at its different levels. So all the information can be used at the decision-making stage.

The decision is made when the situation changes, which requires appropriate reactions at the system level. Therefore, the goal of the system is to eliminate the cause by its actions.

The action is performed by the central processor, executing the embedded programs and, taking into account all the circumstances, makes a decision. Or in other words, the central processor builds a model of the consumer future and develops an algorithm for achieving this future. According to the algorithm, an order is given to individual effectors, and in the process of executing the center's order, the body or its parts move in space. So nervous system is the main regulatory mechanism. But no less important is the endocrine system, which includes the endocrine organs. Their function is to regulate the activity of organs and tissues by chemical means. In addition, each cell of the body has its own regulatory system.

The organism exchanges with the external environment not only energy, but also matter and information. The substance enters the body in the form of oxygen and is released in the form of carbon dioxide. Information comes in with the help of sensory systems, and comes out with the help of acoustic information. Information can also be tactile, chemical.

Remark 4

One of the most important feature system is its size. The body is shaped and compact. The body is surrounded by a shell - the skin. The presence of boundaries makes a person sensitive, unique and inimitable. This is a psychological effect that occurs against the background of the anatomy and physiology of the body.

Basic building blocks of the body

Anatomical structures of the blocks:

• Receptors. Carry information about the state of the environment;
• CPU. Includes nervous regulation and humoral regulation;
• effector organs. Execute the orders of the central processor;
• Energy block. Providing structural components with substrate and energy;
• homeostatic block. Maintaining the form of the internal environment at a certain standard of living;
• Shell. It performs the functions of protection, intelligence and all types of exchange with the environment.
• Blocks are in a hierarchical relationship, with a constant exchange of information. So the whole system directly reacts to any changes in the environment as a whole, as one organism.

Topic: The body is an integral self-regulating system. The purpose of the lesson:

Tasks: based on the actualization of knowledge from previously studied sections of biology, to systematize knowledge about the diversity of organisms and their role in nature; develop the ability to generalize and systematize information; instill environmental awareness; conviction in the need to possess biological knowledge to preserve the integrity of natural systems.

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"Presentation for the lesson of biology "The body is an integral self-regulating system""

Summary of a lesson in biology Grade 9 Teacher - Maiko E.A.

Date: 09/13/2017 Subject: The purpose of the lesson: formation of concepts about the body as a biological system

Tasks: based on the actualization of knowledge from previously studied sections of biology, to systematize knowledge about the diversity of organisms and their role in nature; develop the ability to generalize and systematize information; instill environmental awareness; conviction in the need to possess biological knowledge to preserve the integrity of natural systems.

Equipment: ICT Concepts: the principle of self-regulation, homeostasis.

Lesson structure: 1. Organization 2. Goal setting 3. Updating of basic knowledge 4. Study new topic 5. Final consolidation 6. Homework 7. Commenting on grades

09/13/2017

Subject: The body is an integral self-regulating system.

The purpose of the lesson: formation of concepts about the body as a biological system

The structure of organisms is based on cell is an elementary living system.

In highly organized plants and animals, the structure of the cells that make up the tissues corresponds to the performance of certain functions. Cells act in concert and cannot exist outside the body.

In lower multicellular organisms, cells are less specialized.

The biological meaning of any organism is to leave offspring.

During sexual reproduction, the properties of the organism are manifested - heredity and variability. All multicellular organisms go through the path of individual development.

Substances and energy necessary for life come from the external environment into the body. Therefore, it is important for him to receive information about external environment to respond to changing conditions.

Information enters the body in the form of signals (smell, touch, light, sound, temperature change). Signals are received by receptors. Receptors convert them into nerve impulses that reach the central nervous system through sensory neurons. There they are processed and a response is formed. Through motor neurons, impulses from the central nervous system are sent to the executive organ, the activity of which changes (muscles contract, hormones are produced).

The behavior of the body is aimed at obtaining the desired result - the satisfaction of needs. biological needs(food, protective-defensive, motor, sexual) in animals and humans are provided due to unconditioned reflexes .

Man also has not only biological, but also social needs, formed under the influence of the social environment in the process of training and education. They are based on acquired forms of behavior - a variety of conditioned reflexes .

Homework: P. 3 - to teach, resp. on the?

• know the structure and functions of the root, shoot, flower, fruit, seed
• define the terms "tissue", "organ";
• name the structural features and functions of a multicellular organism;
• signs of interconnection of organs;
• recognize and describe organs and organ systems on tables;
• Plants and animals - a holistic organism
• The relationship of cells, tissues and organs as the basis of the integrity of a multicellular organism.

Personal UUD:

1. Be aware of the incompleteness of knowledge, show interest in new content

2. Establish a connection between the purpose of the activity and its result

3. Evaluate your own contribution to the work of the class, group

Regulatory UUD:

1. Determine the goals and objectives of the lesson

2. Participate in a collective discussion of the problem, be interested in other people's opinions, express your own

3. Determine the criteria for studying the flower

Cognitive UUD:

1. Work with the table

2. Find differences

3.Working with informational texts

4. Compare and highlight features

Communicative UUD:

1. Group work to discuss information

2. Listen to a friend and justify your opinion

3. Express your thoughts and ideas

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"Presentation for the lesson. Topic:" The body as a whole. "»

• Cell structure
• Nutrition
• Breath
• Metabolism
• Irritability
• Movement
• reproduction
• Growth and development

ORGANISM

Tissue is a group of cells intercellular substance, similar in structure,

functions

and having a common origin.

educational fabric

The cells here lie very close to each other and are constantly dividing.

There are so many chloroplasts in the transparent cytoplasm of the cells of this tissue that it is sometimes difficult to see the nucleus.

main fabric

integumentary tissue

Leaf peel

The cells are densely packed together, their cell wall is very strong.

conductive tissue

Cell walls have pores and through holes that facilitate the movement of substances from cell to cell.

sieve tubes

Vessels

mechanical cloth

It is formed by long cells with very strong cell walls.

FLOWER PLANT

VEGETATIVE ORGANS

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

FETUS

FLOWER

THE ESCAPE

ROOT

WITH SEEDS

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE

VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF PLANTS

TYPES OF ROOTS

MAIN

adnexal

LATERAL

(from stem or leaves)

(from main and subordinate)

(from the germ of the seed)

ROOT TYPES

ROD :

URINARY :

the main root is not expressed

the main root is well developed

(monocot plants)

(dicot plants)

ROOT FUNCTIONS

ANCHOR

Holds

plant in soil

PUMP

absorbs water and

mineral salts

STOCK

stores

nutritious

substances

THE ESCAPE

KIDNEYS

LEAVES

STEM

• Height;
• branching;
• Leaf development

• Photosynthesis;

• Support (holds others

and flowers;

organs and makes

leaves towards the light)

• Breath;

• Development of new

• Relationship between root and

other authorities;

• Evaporation.

• Nutrient supply

MODIFICATIONS:

BY CONSTRUCTION:

• upright
• creeping
• clinging
• curly
• grassy
• woody

• sheet,
• branch branch

• spines (protection)
• antennae (support)

BY LOCATION:

• apical,
• lateral (axillary)

FIND AN EXTRA OBJECT: :

• LUNGS

• HEART

• TRACHEA

• GILLS

FIND AN EXTRA OBJECT::

• STOMACH

• INTESTINES

• HORMONE

FIND AN EXTRA OBJECT::

• NERVOUS

• EXTRACTIVE

• ENDOCRINE

FIND AN EXTRA OBJECT: :

• SKELETON

• MUSCLES

• ESOPHAGUS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PROVIDES DIGESTION OF FOOD AND SUPPLY OF NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY TO THE CELLS OF THE BODY

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

PROVIDES THE DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN TO THE BODY CELLS AND REMOVES HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM THEM

EXTRACTION SYSTEM

PROVIDES THE REMOVAL OF CELL WEALTH PRODUCTS FROM THE BODY

BLADDER

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PROVIDES THE CELLS OF THE BODY WITH OXYGEN AND REMOVES CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE BODY

NERVOUS SYSTEM

PROVIDES COORDINATED WORK OF THE BODY

organism – important unit wildlife

Dictionary Dmitrieva

An organism is a living body of a person, animal or living plant as a whole.

a whole in which various organs and systems function in concert

sustaining life.

ORGANISM

Violation of the work of one organ or one of their systems affects the activity of all other systems and the whole organism as a whole,

because the body is a whole, and not a collection of separate parts.