Green is a gift of life. The love story of alexander and nina green
“He could rightfully say about himself in the words of the French writer Jules Renard: “My homeland is where the most beautiful clouds float by.” Green wrote almost all of his things in order to justify a dream. We should be grateful to him for this. We know that the future we are striving for was born from an invincible human property - the ability to dream and love, ”K. Paustovsky said about his favorite writer.
Greene's legacy is much more extensive than it seems. His early stories are rather gloomy, filled with bitter irony, and this is not surprising - life often turned into a gloomy, harsh side for the writer. And it is all the more surprising that Green managed to retain the ability not only to believe in the light, but also to communicate this belief to others.
Writer A. Varlamov in his book “Alexander Grin” (ZhZL, 2005) notes: “He was born in the same year as Andrei Bely and Alexander Blok, died in the same summer as Maximilian Voloshin. In essence - the pure time frame of the Silver Age, all were children of the terrible years of Russia, who did not yet know that the worst was waiting for Russia ahead. But even in the motley picture of the literary life of that time, Green stands apart, outside literary trends, movements, groups, circles, workshops, manifestos, and his very existence in Russian literature seems to be something very unusual, fantastic, like his very personality. And at the same time very significant, necessary, even inevitable, so that it is impossible to imagine great Russian literature without his name.
Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky was born on August 11/23, 1880 in the city of Slobodskaya, Vyatka province. Since childhood, he was irresistibly drawn to the search for another life. The reality that he had to face was very far from what his soul gravitated towards. WITH early years Green was attracted by sea travel. The writer subsequently endowed one of his most famous characters, Captain Gray from Scarlet Sails, with an obsessive thought about the sea. Just like Green himself, his Gray read avidly books about sailors, ran away from home to become a sailor, and then, once on a ship, went through trials, comprehending the basics marine life. True, Gray brought to the end the case that Green did not succeed in reality - he became the captain.
But the writer is different. He spent some time as a sailor on a ship cruising along the Odessa- route, but soon left the ship and began to look for himself in other activities.
Green spent a life of overwork, poverty and malnutrition. But his eyes remained naive and pure
K. Paustovsky, who was kind to Green's work, dedicated to him the essay "The Storyteller", which was included in the story "The Black Sea": "Green, a man with a hard, painful life, created in his stories an incredible world full of tempting events, wonderful human feelings and seaside holidays. Greene was a stern storyteller and poet of sea lagoons and ports. His stories were slightly dizzy, like the smell of crushed flowers and fresh, sad winds. Green spent almost his entire life in doss houses, in penny and overwork, in poverty and malnutrition. He was a sailor, a loader, a beggar, a bath attendant, a gold digger, but above all, a loser. His gaze remained naive and pure, like that of a dreamy boy. He did not notice the surroundings and lived on cloudy, cheerful shores. Green's romance was simple, fun, brilliant. It aroused in people the desire for a varied life, full of risk and a “feeling of high”, a life characteristic of explorers, navigators and travelers. She evoked a stubborn need to see and know the whole Earth, and this desire was noble and beautiful. With this, Green justified everything he wrote.
Alexander Grinevsky served as a soldier in the 213th Orovai reserve infantry battalion stationed in Penza. In 1902 he deserted, but was caught in Kamyshin. A rather remarkable official description of his appearance of that time has been preserved: “Height - 177.4. The eyes are light brown. Hair is light brown. Special signs: on the chest there is a tattoo depicting a schooner with a bowsprit and a foremast carrying two sails "...
Green fled from the casemates, soon became acquainted with the Social Revolutionaries and became involved in revolutionary activities. And almost immediately, in 1903, he was arrested for propaganda work among sailors in Sevastopol. For attempting to escape, Greene was transferred to a maximum security prison. After 2 years, the writer was released under an amnesty. But his misadventures did not end there: in 1906, Green was arrested again (this time in St. Petersburg) and exiled for 4 years to Turinsk, Tobolsk province. From there he fled to Vyatka, and then to Moscow, using forged documents. It seems that during these years, Green found an outlet for his inner desire for light precisely in revolutionary activity. And although later he did not like to remember this period of his life, his unstoppable, stubbornness in trying to achieve his goal is certainly impressive.
These difficult impressions are embodied in the early stories of the writer, such as "The Winter's Tale" and "A Hundred Miles Down the River", where the motive of escaping from prison or hard labor appears.
Romance in Green's work should be perceived not as a "departure from life", but as an entrance to it.
M. Shcheglov in the article “Alexander Grin’s Ships” notes: “In many of Green’s stories, the same psychological experience is staged in different variations - a collision of a romantic soul full of mysterious symptoms of a person capable of dreaming and languishing, and limitations, even vulgarity of people every day , satisfied with everything and getting used to everything ... Romance in Green's work in its essence should be perceived not as a “departure from life”, but as an arrival to it - with all the charm and excitement of faith in the goodness and beauty of people, in the reflection of a different life on the banks serene seas, where gracefully slender ships sail…”
The pseudonym A. S. Green first appeared under the story "The Case", dated 1907. And a year later, Green published his first collection, The Cap of Invisibility, with the subtitle Stories about Revolutionaries.
In 1909, Greene's first romantic novel, Reno Island, was born. This was followed by other works of this direction - "Colony Lanfier" (1910), "Zurbagan shooter" (1913), "Captain Duke" (1915). In these works, a kind of fantastic space is formed, which will later receive the name "Greenland" - with the light hand of the literary critic K. Zelinsky. The researcher of A. Green's creativity T. Zagvozkina gives this space, this fictional country the following characteristic: “Greenland is a universe, ... a universe that has its own spatio-temporal parameters, its own laws of development, its own ideas, heroes, plots and collisions. Greenland is an extremely generalizing, romantically conditional myth of the twentieth century, which has a symbolic nature.
Mental, as they would now say "virtual" escapes to "Greenland" continued to save the writer during his service in the Red Army, where he fell seriously ill and was sent to Petrograd. There, in 1920, Green managed to get a room in the "House of Arts", in which he lived from 1921 to 1924. N. Gumilyov, M. Shaginyan, V. Khodasevich, M. Lozinsky, O. Mandelstam were the writer's neighbors in the House.
The difficult conditions of life, it seemed, only helped the writer to immerse himself in a different reality and create bright, magical worlds. V. Rozhdestvensky, one of Green's neighbors, recalled: “There was nothing in the room except a small kitchen table and a narrow bed on which Green slept, covered in a shabby coat. Green wrote martyrically, from morning until dusk, all shrouded in clouds of cigarette smoke... There was something in him at that moment, reminiscent of the image of the unforgettable Knight of the Sorrowful Image. He just as selflessly and concentratedly plunged into his dream and did not notice the wretched surroundings.
In 1923, the "fairy story" "Scarlet Sails" was published, which later became calling card writer. It is believed that the prototype of the main character of the story with the fantastic name Assol was Green's wife, Nina Nikolaevna. On the next anniversary of their wedding, the writer told her: “You gave me so much joy, laughter, tenderness and even reasons to treat life differently than I had before, that I stand, as in flowers and waves, and a flock of birds overhead. My heart is cheerful and bright.”
Not as simple as it might seem, the image of the dreamer Assol. Some believe that Greene is painting us an infantile girl who cannot find contact with reality and believes only in illusion. However, Assol is an unusual person. She vigilantly and penetratingly sees what the majority cannot see, the power of her faith is so strong that everything is fulfilled. Here is a description of the inner life of the heroine we find in the story: “Unconsciously, through a kind of inspiration, she made at every step a lot of ethereally subtle discoveries, inexpressible, but important, like cleanliness and warmth. Sometimes - and this went on for a number of days - she was even reborn; the physical opposition of life fell through like silence in the strike of a bow, and everything that she saw, what she lived with, what was around, became a lace of secrets in the image of everyday life.
When a person's soul harbors the seed of a miracle, do this miracle for him... He will have a new soul and you will have a new one...
The priest Pafnuty Zhukov from Syktyvkar saw a deeply religious content in Green's romantic story: “There is too much evidence that The Scarlet Sails is a prophetic book. Here are its symbols: the sea is a symbol of eternity, the ship is the Church, the groom is the Savior, stretching out his hands to us from the Cross, and the description of the blooming pink valley is a symbol of eternal bliss and communication with heavenly angels. In those days when they drove out and killed priests and burned the Gospel on street fires, in Soviet Russia man wrote books. He wrote anywhere - on a stone, on a box, on other people's tables in an unheated apartment. And then such an emptiness opened up in Green's soul that he almost screamed with fear. We do not know if he was thinking about God at that moment, but we know that God remembered him and put into his tormented heart prophetic words addressed to those who still believed that the world is not only blood, hunger, betrayal. And here we have this book. Let's read her prophecy: “... One morning, in the sea, a scarlet sail will sparkle under the sun. The radiant bulk of the scarlet sails of the white ship will move, cutting through the waves, straight to you ... and you will leave forever to a brilliant country where the sun rises and where the stars will descend from the sky to congratulate you on your arrival.
In 1924, Green left Petrograd and traveled south, first to Feodosia and then to Stary. This "Crimean" period became very fruitful for the writer: from his pen come the novels "The Shining World" (1924), "The Golden Chain" (1925), "Running on the Waves" (1928), "Jesse and Morgiana" (1929 ), a cycle of stories.
In his book, A. Varlamov cites an excerpt from Green's letter to V. Kalitskaya: “... Religion, faith, God are phenomena that are somewhat distorted if they are denoted by words.<…>I don’t know why, but for me it’s like this ... Nina and I believe, without trying to understand anything, since it’s impossible to understand. We have been given only signs of the participation of the Higher Will in life. It is not always possible to notice them, and if you learn to notice, much that seemed incomprehensible in life suddenly finds an explanation.
Green - Dombrovsky: “Better apologize to yourself for being an unbeliever. Although it will pass, of course. Will soon pass"
In the same book, a curious fact is given: “The writer Yuri Dombrovsky, who was sent to Green in 1930 to interview the editors of the Bezbozhnik magazine, Green replied: “Look, young man, I believe in God.” Dombrovsky further writes that he was confused and began to apologize, to which Green said good-naturedly: “Well, why is this? Better apologize to yourself for being an unbeliever. Although it will pass, of course. Will soon pass"".
In the same place, in Stary Krym, Alexander Stepanovich and his wife often attended church. Nina Nikolaevna recalled: “There is a service. There is not a soul in the church of those praying, only the priest and the deacon are celebrating the vigil. The rays of the setting sun illuminate the church in slanting, pink stripes. Thoughtful and sad. We stand against the wall, huddled close to each other. The church always worries me, exposing the soul, grieving and asking for forgiveness. For what? - Don't know. I stand without words, I pray with the mood of my soul, I ask the words of God's mercy to us, so tired of a hard life recent years. Tears stream down my face. Alexander Stepanovich presses my hand closer to him. His eyelids are closed and tears are streaming from his eyes. The mouth is mournfully and severely compressed.
I have no evil and hatred for any person in the world, I understand people and do not take offense at them.
Two days before his death, Green asked for a priest to come to him. In his last letter to his wife, he said: “He suggested that I forget all evil feelings and reconcile in my soul with those whom I consider my enemies. I understood, Ninusha, whom he was talking about, and answered that I have no evil and hatred for any person in the world, I understand people and do not take offense at them. There are many sins in my life, and the most serious of them is debauchery, and I ask God to release it to me.
K. Paustovsky, who did a lot to preserve the memory of Alexander Grin, recalled his visit to the last refuge of the writer: “Before leaving Stary Krym, we went to Grin's grave. Stone, steppe flowers and a thorn bush with prickly needles - that was all. A barely visible path led to the grave. I thought that in many years, when the name of Green will be pronounced with love, people will remember this grave, but they will have to push millions of thick branches and crush millions of tall flowers to find its gray and calm stone.
Since 1941, Green's books have ceased to be printed. However, after 1953, his works became popular and were published in millions of copies - thanks to the efforts of K. Paustovsky, Yu. Olesha and other writers. In 2000, on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Green, the Union of Writers of Russia, the administration of the city of Kirov and the city of Slobodsky established the annual Russian Literary Prize named after. A. Green for works for children and youth imbued with the spirit of romance and hope. The writer's birthday and memorial day in Stary Krym are invariably accompanied by celebrations, the so-called "Green readings", and various events. In 2005, with the support of the friends of Green's house, the annual holiday of raising the Scarlet Sails on Mount Agarmysh over Stary Krym was revived. Sails are raised over the city by admirers of the writer's work at dawn on August 23, the birthday of Alexander Grin.
“When the days start gathering dust and the colors fade, I take Green. I open it on any page. So in the spring wipe the windows in the house. Everything becomes light, bright, everything mysteriously excites again, as in childhood, ”- these words of Daniil Granin revive the memory of Alexander Grin, a wonderful Russian writer, for us.
Alexander Stepanovich Green was born on August 11 (23), 1880, in the city of Slobodskaya, Vyatka province. His father, S. Grinevsky, a Polish gentry, was a participant in the January Uprising, for which he was exiled to the Tomsk province.
The home education of the future writer was not consistent. Causeless caresses were abruptly replaced by severe punishments. Sometimes the child was left to himself.
In 1889, Sasha entered the preparatory class of the local real school. There the nickname “Green” was “born”, which later became his literary pseudonym.
Alexander studied badly, and, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, he was "an inveterate hooligan."
When the young man was fifteen years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. Having married a second time, the father moved away from his son, and young Green was forced to start an independent life.
The beginning of the creative path
In 1906-1908. in the life of A. Green came a turning point. In the summer of 1906, two stories came out from his pen, which were published in the fall of that year. The genre of early stories was defined as "propaganda pamphlet".
They were dedicated to the soldiers of the tsarist army, who, after the revolution of 1905, often staged bloody punitive raids.
The novice writer received a fee, but the entire circulation was destroyed.
In early 1908, Green published his first collection. Most of the collection was devoted to the Socialist-Revolutionaries.
In 1910, the writer released a second collection. Most of his stories were written in the genre of realism. Having shown himself as a promising writer, he met M. Kuzmin, V. Bryusov, L. Andreev, A. Tolstoy. He became closest of all with A. I. Kuprin.
Mostly the writer published in the "small" press. His stories were published in Birzhevye Vedomosti, Niva, Rodina. Sometimes he published in the "Modern World" and "Russian Thought".
In 1914, Alexander Grin began to collaborate with the New Satyricon magazine. This magazine published his collection "The Incident on Dog Street".
After the outbreak of the First World War, another turning point was outlined in the writer's work. His stories began to take on an anti-war character.
Getting to know the content short biography Alexander Green, you should know he's had enough complicated relationship with the Soviet government. Condemning the Red Terror, he was sincerely perplexed, not understanding how the apologists of the new government could destroy violence with even greater violence. He expressed this idea more than once in the New Satyricon.
As a result, the magazine, like other opposition publications, was closed. This happened in 1918. Green was arrested and narrowly escaped execution.
Continuation of literary activity
In early 1920, Green began his first novel, The Shining World. After 1924, the work was printed in Leningrad. Most clearly, his literary talent manifested itself in the stories "Fandango", "The Pied Piper", "The Loquacious Brownie".
In 1926, the writer finished work on his main novel - "Running on the Waves". The work was published in 1928. With great difficulty, the "sunset" works of the outstanding writer, "The Road to Nowhere" and "Jesse and Morgiana" were also published.
Death
Alexander Grin passed away on July 8, 1932, in Stary Krym. The cause of death was stomach cancer. The writer was buried in the city cemetery. His grave is located on a site overlooking the sea so beloved by Green.
In 1934, Green's last collection of short stories, Fantastic Novels, was published.
Other biography options
- In his youth, Green was a desperate rebel. Relations with the royal authorities were very difficult for him. From the end of 1916 he hid from persecution in Finland. He returned to Russia only after February Revolution.
- Becoming famous writer, Green got rid of the need. But the money did not stay in his hands. The writer was a fan card games and nightly sprees.
- In May 1932, the writer's wife, N. Green, received a transfer from the Writers' Union. The strange thing was that he was sent in the name of the "widow", although Alexander Stepanovich was still alive. According to some reports, this happened against the background of the writer's mischief. A few days before, he had sent a telegram saying "Green is dead send two hundred funerals".
- The writer's wife, Nina, was his muse. It was she who became the prototype of Assol from Scarlet Sails.
- A small planet was named after the writer. In Riga there is Alexander Grin street. But it was named after the full namesake of Alexander Stepanovich, who was also a writer.
Childhood, family
Sasha was born in the Urals near Vyatka. The real name of the writer is Alexander Grinevsky. He was the eldest child in the family. The boy loved to read, he learned this at the age of 6. Gulliver became his first book hero, so his craving for sea travel. He loved adventures very much, so he often left home. His father was from the Polish gentry, and his mother was a simple Russian girl. From the age of ten, the parents tried to educate their son and assigned him to a real school.For bad behavior, Alexander was expelled and transferred to study in another institution. And to be more precise: Sasha already knew how to compose poetry. But because the student dared to address insults to poetic form, he was expelled. The biography of the future writer was overshadowed by the early death of his mother. She died due to tuberculosis when the teenager was fifteen years old. The father quickly found solace for himself, but the stepmother did not favor the young man. Alexander lived separately, composed poetry, earned a little money by rewriting documents and mastered the profession of a book binder.
After college, Green (this nickname has stuck to him since his studies) went to Odessa. The father gave the son money and an address where the young man could receive help. At first, the guy himself tried to get a job, he had to starve.
But then, turning to the address of a friend of his father, Alexander managed to get on the ship. Due to his quarrelsome nature and the monotony of the work he performed, the future writer could not stand it for a long time - he returned home. A year later, Green left for Batumi, changed many professions and eventually returned to his father.
The spirit of the rebel interfered with Green in any endeavor. When the young man was 22 years old, he was called to military service, but after six months he escaped, as he spent half the service in a punishment cell. He joined the Social Revolutionaries, but violence was unacceptable to him, he refused to carry out terrorist acts.
Alexander Grin experienced what arrest and exile are. He was actively engaged revolutionary activity. The investigation went on for a long time, and all this time Alexander was kept in a maximum security prison, and then he was sentenced to Siberian exile, in which he spent three days. His father rescued him by making him a fake passport, transporting his son to the capital.
Writer's career
Green is a person who is constantly on the lookout. His first stories were far from perfect, but writing got him hooked. At first, the author was embarrassed to put his real signature under the stories. The pseudonyms of the writer were everywhere. There was no mention of fiction. The works were solid realism, and the characters were ordinary people. Fictional countries and heroes appeared in the young writer much later. Newspapers and magazines publish his author's stories with great pleasure. When the system changed, the writer was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army as a signalman, but he failed to serve - he fell ill with typhus.
Maxim Gorky fought for Alexander's life, supplying the patient with honey, bringing bread and coffee. Green received housing in the St. Petersburg House of Arts and rations, like a real writer. The writer's neighbors were Veniamin Kaverin. Despite the fact that the writer had an excellent literary style, he was gloomy by nature and did not like communication. Only in his third wife, Nina Mironova, did he find a truly faithful girlfriend and loving woman, more than once thanks to fate, which allowed him to meet such loved one.
Literature
Researchers of the writer's work estimated that there were about four hundred published works during his lifetime. The twenties were the most fruitful. Alexander Grin's novels have become recognizable. Soon the Scarlet Sails, the Shining World, the Golden Chain and the Wave Runner, which became known to the whole world, soon appeared.
The writer does not fit into the framework of the new literary trend, his books are no longer published. The family lives from hand to mouth, since Green no longer earns money from creativity. He didn't even have the funds to complete his latest novel. Malnutrition led the writer to stomach cancer. In the cemetery where Green is buried, there is a monument made by the sculptor Gagarina, "Running on the Waves."
Personal life
The writer was married three times. When Green was imprisoned, his first wife, Vera Abramova, visited the rebel and objectionable author. She was the daughter of a major official, but favored the revolutionaries. Their relationship lasted from 1906, the woman leaves for him into exile, but in 1913 the marriage broke up. It was the true love of Alexander Stepanovich, since the writer never parted with the portrait of Vera.
The second wife Maria Dolidze, unable to bear the character of the writer, filed for divorce a few months later. The third wife breathed life into Green, she not only gave him a dream, but also made it come true. An enchanting work about a dream is dedicated to the third wife, Nina.
Alexander Grin (real name Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky). August 11 (23), 1880, Sloboda, Vyatka province, Russian Empire - July 8, 1932, Stary Krym, USSR. Russian prose writer, poet, representative of neo-romanticism, author of philosophical and psychological works, with elements of symbolic fantasy.
Father - Stefan Grinevsky (Polish Stefan Hryniewski, 1843-1914), a Polish gentry from the Disna district of the Vilna province of the Russian Empire. For participation in the January Uprising of 1863, at the age of 20, he was exiled indefinitely to Kolyvan, Tomsk province. Later he was allowed to move to the Vyatka province, where he arrived in 1868. In Russia, he was called "Stepan Evseevich".
In 1873 he married 16-year-old Russian nurse Anna Stepanovna Lepkova (1857-1895). For the first 7 years they had no children, Alexander became the first-born, later he had a brother Boris and two sisters, Antonina and Ekaterina.
Sasha learned to read at the age of 6, and the first book he read was Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. From childhood, Green loved books about sailors and travels. He dreamed of going to sea as a sailor and, driven by this dream, made attempts to run away from home. The upbringing of the boy was inconsistent - he was either spoiled, then severely punished, then left unattended.
In 1889, nine-year-old Sasha was sent to the preparatory class of the local real school. There fellow practitioners first gave him Nickname "Greene". The report of the school noted that the behavior of Alexander Grinevsky was worse than all the others, and in case of non-correction, he could be expelled from the school.
Nevertheless, Alexander was able to finish the preparatory class and enter the first class, but in the second class he wrote an insulting poem about teachers and was nevertheless expelled from the school. At the request of his father, Alexander in 1892 was admitted to another school, which had a bad reputation in Vyatka.
At the age of 15, Sasha was left without a mother who died of tuberculosis. 4 months later (May 1895), my father married the widow Lidia Avenirovna Boretskaya. Alexander's relationship with his stepmother was tense, and he settled separately from new family father.
The boy lived alone, enthusiastically reading books and writing poetry. He worked as a binder of books, correspondence of documents. At the suggestion of his father, he became interested in hunting, but due to his impulsive nature, he rarely returned with prey.
In 1896, after graduating from the four-year Vyatka city school, 16-year-old Alexander left for Odessa deciding to become a sailor. His father gave him 25 rubles of money and the address of his Odessa friend. For some time, "a sixteen-year-old, beardless, puny, narrow-shouldered boy in a straw hat" (as the then Greene described himself ironically in "Autobiographies") wandered in an unsuccessful search for work and was desperately hungry.
In the end, he turned to a friend of his father, who fed him and got him a job as a sailor on the steamer "Platon", cruising along the route Odessa - Batum - Odessa. However, once Green managed to visit abroad, in Egyptian Alexandria.
A sailor did not come out of Green - he was disgusted with the prosaic sailor's work. Soon he quarreled with the captain and left the ship.
In 1897, Green went back to Vyatka, spent a year there and again left in search of happiness - this time to Baku. There he tried many professions - he was a fisherman, laborer, worked in railway workshops. In the summer he returned to his father, then again went on a journey. He was a lumberjack, a gold digger in the Urals, a miner in an iron mine, and a theater copyist.
In March 1902, Green interrupted his series of wanderings and became (either under pressure from his father, or tired of starvation ordeals) a soldier in the 213th Orovai reserve infantry battalion stationed in Penza. The morals of military service significantly increased Green's revolutionary moods.
Six months later (of which he spent three and a half in a punishment cell), he deserted, was caught in Kamyshin, and fled again. In the army, Green met with the Socialist-Revolutionary propagandists, who appreciated the young rebel and helped him hide in Simbirsk.
From that moment on, Green, having received the party nickname "Lanky", sincerely gives all his strength to the fight against the social system he hates, although he refused to participate in the execution of terrorist acts, limiting himself to propaganda among the workers and soldiers of different cities. Subsequently, he did not like to talk about his "Socialist-Revolutionary" activities.
In 1903, Grin was once again arrested in Sevastopol for "speeches of anti-government content" and the dissemination of revolutionary ideas, "which led to the undermining of the foundations of autocracy and the overthrow of the foundations of the existing system." For trying to escape, he was transferred to a maximum security prison, where he spent more than a year.
In the documents of the police, it is characterized as "a closed nature, embittered, capable of anything, even risking his life." In January 1904, the Minister of the Interior V.K. Plehve, shortly before the SR assassination attempt on him, received a report from the Minister of War A.N. and then Grinevsky.
The investigation dragged on for more than a year (November 1903 - February 1905) because of two attempts to escape Green and his complete denial. Green was judged in February 1905 by the Sevastopol Naval Court. The prosecutor demanded 20 years of hard labor. Lawyer A. S. Zarudny managed to reduce the sentence to 10 years of exile in Siberia.
In October 1905, Grin was released under a general amnesty, but already in January 1906 he was arrested again in St. Petersburg.
In May, Grin was exiled for four years to the city of Turinsk, Tobolsk province. He stayed there for only 3 days and fled to Vyatka, where, with the help of his father, he obtained someone else's passport in the name of Malginov (later it would be one of the literary pseudonyms of the writer), according to which he left for St. Petersburg.
In the summer of 1906, Green wrote 2 stories - "Merit of Private Panteleev" And "Elephant and Pug".
The first story was signed "A. S. G.” and published in the autumn of the same year. It was published as a propaganda brochure for punishing soldiers and described the atrocities of the army among the peasants. Green received the fee, but the entire circulation was confiscated at the printing house and destroyed (burned) by the police, only a few copies were accidentally preserved. The second story suffered a similar fate - it was handed over to the printing house, but was not printed.
Only starting from December 5 of the same year, Green's stories began to reach readers. And the first "legal" work was the story written in the autumn of 1906 "To Italy", signed "A. A. M-v "(that is, Malginov).
For the first time (under the title "In Italy") it was published in the evening edition of the newspaper "Birzhevye Vedomosti" dated December 5 (18), 1906. Pseudonym "A. S. Green first appeared under story "Happening"(first publication - in the newspaper "Tovarishch" dated March 25 (April 7), 1907).
At the beginning of 1908, in St. Petersburg, Green published the first author's collection "Invisible hat"(subtitled "Tales of the Revolutionaries"). Most of the stories in it are about the Social Revolutionaries.
Another event was the final break with the Social Revolutionaries. Green hated the existing system as before, but he began to form his own positive ideal, which was not at all like the Social Revolutionary.
The third important event was the marriage - his imaginary "prison bride" 24-year-old Vera Abramova became Green's wife. Knock and Gelli - the main characters of the story "A Hundred Miles Down the River" (1912) - are Green and Vera themselves.
In 1910, his second collection, Stories, was published. Most of the stories included there are written in a realistic manner, but in two - "Reno Island" and "Lanfier Colony" - the future Green storyteller is already guessed. The action of these stories takes place in a conditional country, in style they are close to his later work. Green himself believed that starting from these stories he could be considered a writer.
In the early years, he published 25 stories a year.
As a new original and talented Russian writer, he meets Alexei Tolstoy, Leonid Andreev, Valery Bryusov, Mikhail Kuzmin and other major writers. He became especially close with.
For the first time in his life, Green began to earn a lot of money, which, however, did not stay with him, quickly disappearing after revelry and card games.
On July 27, 1910, the police finally discovered that the writer Green was the fugitive exile Grinevsky. He was arrested for the third time and in the autumn of 1911 was exiled to Pinega, Arkhangelsk province. Vera went with him, they were allowed to officially get married.
In the link Green wrote "Life of Gnor" And "The Blue Cascade of Telluri". The term of his exile was reduced to two years, and in May 1912 the Grinevskys returned to St. Petersburg. Other works of the romantic direction soon followed: The Devil of Orange Waters, The Zurbagan Shooter (1913). They finally form the features of a fictional country, which the literary critic K. Zelinsky will call "Greenland".
Green publishes mainly in the "small" press: in newspapers and illustrated magazines. His works are published by "Birzhevye Vedomosti" and an appendix to the newspaper, the journal "New Word", " New magazine for everyone”, “Motherland”, “Niva” and its monthly supplements, the newspaper “Vyatskaya speech” and many others. Occasionally, his prose is placed in the solid "thick" monthly "Russian Thought" and " Modern world". In the latter, Green published from 1912 to 1918 thanks to his acquaintance with A.I. Kuprin.
In 1913-1914, his three-volume edition was published by the Prometheus publishing house.
In 1914, Green became a contributor to the popular New Satyricon magazine, and published his collection Incident on Dog Street as an appendix to the magazine. Green worked during this period extremely productively. He did not yet dare to start writing a long story or novel, but his best stories of this time show the deep progress of Green the writer. The subject of his works is expanding, the style is becoming more and more professional - it is enough to compare a funny story "Captain Duke" and a refined, psychologically accurate novella "Returned Hell" (1915).
After the outbreak of the First World War, some of Greene's stories take on a distinct anti-war character: such are, for example, "Batalist Shuang", "Blue Top" ("Niva", 1915) and "Poisoned Island". Due to the “impermissible review of the reigning monarch” that became known to the police, Green was forced to hide in Finland from the end of 1916, but, having learned about the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd.
In the spring of 1917 he wrote a short story "Walk to the Revolution", indicating the writer's hope for renewal.
After October revolution in the journal "New Satyricon" and in a small small-circulation newspaper "Devil's Pepper Pot" Green's notes and feuilletons appear one after another, condemning cruelty and excesses. He said, "I can't get my head around the idea that violence can be destroyed by violence."
In the spring of 1918, the magazine, along with all other opposition publications, was banned. Greene was arrested for the fourth time and almost shot.
In the summer of 1919, Green was drafted into the Red Army as a signalman, but he soon fell ill with typhus and ended up in the Botkin barracks for almost a month. sent seriously ill Greene honey, tea and bread.
After recovering, Green, with the assistance of Gorky, managed to get an academic ration and housing - a room in the "House of Arts" on Nevsky Prospekt, 15, where Green lived next to, V. A. Rozhdestvensky, O. E. Mandelstam, V. Kaverin.
Neighbors recalled that Green lived as a hermit, almost did not communicate with anyone, but it was here that he wrote his most famous, touching and poetic work - extravaganza "Scarlet Sails"(published in 1923).
In the early 1920s, Green decided to start his first novel, which he called The Shining World. Main character of this complex symbolist work is the flying superman Drud, who convinces people to choose the highest values of the Shining World instead of the values of "this world". In 1924 the novel was published in Leningrad. He continued to write stories, the peaks here were "The Loquacious Brownie", "The Pied Piper", "Fandango".
In Feodosia Green wrote a novel "Gold chain"(1925, published in the magazine " New world”), conceived as “memories of the dream of a boy seeking miracles and finding them.”
In the autumn of 1926, Green completed his main masterpiece - the novel "Running on the waves", on which he worked for a year and a half. This novel combines the best features of the writer's talent: a deep mystical idea of the need for a dream and the realization of a dream, subtle poetic psychologism, and a fascinating romantic plot. For two years the author tried to publish the novel in Soviet publishing houses, and only at the end of 1928 the book was published by the Zemlya i Fabrika publishing house.
With great difficulty in 1929 it was possible to publish and latest novels Green: "Jesse and Morgiana", "Road to Nowhere".
In 1927, the private publisher L.V. Wolfson began publishing a 15-volume collection of Green's works, but only 8 volumes were published, after which Wolfson was arrested by the GPU.
NEP came to an end. Green's attempts to insist on fulfilling the contract with the publishing house only led to huge legal costs and ruin. Green's binges began to repeat again. However, in the end, the Green family still managed to win the process, sue seven thousand rubles, which, however, greatly depreciated inflation.
In 1930, the Grinevskys moved to the city of Stary Krym, where life was cheaper. Since 1930, Soviet censorship, with the motivation "you do not merge with the era", banned the reprints of Green and introduced a limit on new books: one per year. Greene and his wife were desperately hungry and often sick. Green tried to hunt the surrounding birds with a bow and arrow, but was unsuccessful.
Novel "Handy", begun by Green at this time, was never completed, although some critics consider it to be his best work.
In May 1932, after new petitions, a transfer of 250 rubles unexpectedly came. from the Writers' Union, sent for some reason in the name of "the writer Green's widow Nadezhda Green", although Green was still alive. There is a legend that the reason was Green's last mischief - he sent a telegram to Moscow: "Green is dead, send two hundred funerals."
Alexander Grin died on the morning of July 8, 1932 at the age of 52 in Stary Krym from stomach cancer. Two days before his death, he asked to invite a priest and confessed. The writer was buried at the city cemetery of Stary Krym. Nina chose a place from where the sea can be seen... Sculptor Tatyana Gagarina erected a monument "Running on the Waves" on Green's grave.
Upon learning of Grin's death, several leading Soviet writers called for a collection of his writings to be published; even Seifullina joined them.
Collection of A. Green "Fantastic Novels" came out in 1934.
Alexander Green. Geniuses and villains
Personal life of Alexander Green:
Since 1903, in prison - due to the absence of acquaintances and relatives - she visited him (under the guise of a bride) Vera Pavlovna Abramova, the daughter of a wealthy official who sympathized with revolutionary ideals.
She became his first wife.
In the autumn of 1913, Vera decided to separate from her husband. In her memoirs, she complains about Green's unpredictability and uncontrollability, his constant revelry, mutual misunderstanding. Green made several attempts at reconciliation, but without success. On his 1915 collection, presented to Vera, Green wrote: "To my only friend."
He did not part with the portrait of Vera until the end of his life.
In 1918 he married a certain Maria Dolidze. Within a few months, the marriage was recognized as a mistake, and the couple broke up.
In the spring of 1921, Green married a 26-year-old widow, a nurse Nina Nikolaevna Mironova(after Korotkova's first husband). They met back in early 1918, when Nina worked for the Petrograd Echo newspaper. Her first husband died in the war. A new meeting took place in January 1921, Nina was in desperate need and was selling things (Green later described a similar episode at the beginning of the story "Pied Piper"). A month later, he proposed to her.
During the next eleven years assigned to Green by fate, they did not part, and both considered their meeting a gift of fate. Green dedicated the Scarlet Sails extravaganza completed this year to Nina: “The Author offers and dedicates to Nina Nikolaevna Green. PBG, November 23, 1922"
The couple rented a room on Panteleymonovskaya Street, moved their meager luggage there: a bunch of manuscripts, a few clothes, a photograph of Father Green, and an unchanging portrait of Vera Pavlovna. At first, Grin was hardly published, but with the beginning of the NEP, private publishing houses appeared, and he managed to publish a new collection, White Fire (1922). The collection included a vivid story "Ships in Lissa", which Green himself considered one of the best ..
Nina Nikolaevna Green, the writer's widow, continued to live in Stary Krym, in an adobe house, and worked as a nurse. When the Nazi army captured the Crimea, Nina stayed with her seriously ill mother in the Nazi-occupied territory, worked in the occupation newspaper "Official Bulletin of the Staro-Krymsky District". Then she was driven away to work in Germany, in 1945 she voluntarily returned from the American zone of occupation to the USSR.
After the trial, Nina received ten years in the camps for "collaborationism and treason", with confiscation of property. She served her sentence in the Stalinist camps on the Pechora. Great support, including things and products, was provided to her by Green's first wife, Vera Pavlovna. Nina served almost her entire term and was released in 1955 under an amnesty (rehabilitated in 1997). Vera Pavlovna died earlier, in 1951.
Meanwhile, the books of the "Soviet romantic" Green continued to be published in the USSR until 1944. In besieged Leningrad, radio programs were broadcast with the reading of "Scarlet Sails" (1943), the premiere of the ballet "Scarlet Sails" was held at the Bolshoi Theater.
In 1946, L. I. Borisov’s story “The Wizard from Gel-Gyu” about Alexander Green was published, which earned praise from K. G. Paustovsky and B. S. Grinevsky, but later - condemnation from N. N. Green.
During the years of the struggle against cosmopolitanism, Alexander Grin, like many other cultural figures (A. A. Akhmatova, M. M. Zoshchenko, D. D. Shostakovich), was branded in the Soviet press as a “cosmopolitan”, alien to proletarian literature, “militant reactionary and spiritual emigrant". For example, V. Vazhdaev's article "Preacher of Cosmopolitanism" ("New World", No. 1, 1950) was devoted to "exposing" Green. Green's books en masse removed from libraries.
Beginning in 1956, through the efforts of K. Paustovsky, Yu. Olesha, I. Novikov and others, Green was returned to literature. His works were published in millions of copies. Having received through the efforts of Green's friends a fee for "Favorites" (1956), Nina Nikolaevna arrived in Stary Krym, found with difficulty the abandoned grave of her husband and found out that the house where Green died had passed to the chairman of the local executive committee and was used as a barn and a chicken coop.
In 1960, after several years of struggle to return home, Nina Nikolaevna opened the Green Museum in Stary Krym on a voluntary basis. There she spent the last ten years of her life, with a pension of 21 rubles (the copyright was no longer valid).
In July 1970, the Green Museum in Feodosia was also opened, and a year later, Green's house in Stary Krym also received the status of a museum. Its opening by the Crimean regional committee of the CPSU was linked to the conflict with Nina Nikolaevna: “We are for Grin, but against his widow. The museum will only be there when she dies.”
Nina Nikolaevna Green died on September 27, 1970 in a Kyiv hospital. She bequeathed to bury herself next to her husband. The local party leadership, irritated by the loss of the chicken coop, imposed a ban; and Nina was buried at the other end of the cemetery. On October 23 of the following year, Nina's birthday, six of her friends reburied the coffin at night in the place intended for it.
Bibliography of Alexander Green:
Novels:
Shining World (1924)
Golden Chain (1925)
Wave Runner (1928)
Jesse and Morgiana (1929)
Road to Nowhere (1930)
Impatiens (not finished)
Novels and stories:
1906 - To Italy (the first legally published story by A. S. Green)
1906 - Merit of Private Panteleev
1906 - Elephant and Pug
1907 - Oranges
1907 - Brick and Music
1907 - Beloved
1907 - Marat
1907 - On the stock exchange
1907 - At leisure
1907 - Underground
1907 - Case
1908 - Hunchback
1908 - Guest
1908 - Eroshka
1908 - Toy
1908 - Captain
1908 - Quarantine
1908 - Swan
1908 - Little Committee
1908 - Mate in three moves
1908 - Punishment
1908 - She
1908 - Hand
1908 - Telegrapher from Medyansky Bor
1908 - Third floor
1908 - Hold and deck
1908 - Assassin
1908 - The Man Who Cries
1909 - Barca on the Green Canal
1909 - Airship
1909 - Dacha of a large lake
1909 - Nightmare
1909 - Little conspiracy
1909 - Maniac
1909 - Overnight stay
1909 - Window in the forest
1909 - Reno Island
1909 - By marriage announcement
1909 - Incident in Dog Street
1909 - Paradise
1909 - Cyclone in the Plain of Rains
1909 - Navigator of the Four Winds
1910 - In flood
1910 - In the snow
1910 - Return of the "Seagull"
1910 - Duel
1910 - Khonsa estate
1910 - The story of one murder
1910 - Lanfier Colony
1910 - Yakobson's raspberry
1910 - Puppet
1910 - On the island
1910 - On the hillside
1910 - Find
1910 - Easter on the steamer
1910 - Powder magazine
1910 - Strait of Storms
1910 - Birk's story
1910 - River
1910 - Death of Romelink
1910 - The Secret of the Forest
1910 - A box of soap
1911 - Forest drama
1911 - Moonlight
1911 - Pillory
1911 - Atley's mnemonic system
1911 - Words
1912 - Hotel of Evening Lights
1912 - Life of Gnor
1912 - Winter's Tale
1912 - From the detective's memorial book
1912 - Ksenia Turpanova
1912 - Puddle of the Bearded Pig
1912 - Passenger Pyzhikov
1912 - The Adventures of Ginch
1912 - Passage yard
1912 - A story about a strange fate
1912 - Telluri Blue Cascade
1912 - Tragedy of the Suan Plateau
1912 - Heavy air
1912 - Fourth for all
1913 - Adventure
1913 - Balcony
1913 - Headless Horseman
1913 - Back of the Road
1913 - Granka and his son
1913 - Long way
1913 - Devil of Orange Waters
1913 - Lives of great people
1913 - Zurbagan shooter
1913 - History of the Tauren
1913 - On the hillside
1913 - Naive Tussaletto
1913 - New circus
1913 - Tribe Siurg
1913 - The last minutes of Ryabinin
1913 - The seller of happiness
1913 - Sweet Poison of the City
1913 - Taboo
1913 - Mysterious Forest
1913 - Quiet weekdays
1913 - Three Adventures of Ehma
1913 - Man with man
1914 - Without an audience
1914 - Forgotten
1914 - The riddle of foreseen death
1914 - Earth and water
1914 - And spring will come for me
1914 - How the strong man Red John fought the king
1914 - War Legends
1914 - Dead for the living
1914 - In the balance
1914 - One of many
1914 - A story ended thanks to a bullet
1914 - Duel
1914 - Penitential manuscript
1914 - Incidents in Mrs. Cerise's apartment
1914 - Rare photographic apparatus
1914 - Conscience spoke
1914 - Sufferer
1914 - A strange incident at the masquerade
1914 - Fate taken by the horns
1914 - Three brothers
1914 - Urban Graz receives guests
1914 - Episode during the capture of Fort Cyclops
1915 - Sleepwalking Aviator
1915 - Shark
1915 - Diamonds
1915 - Armenian Tintos
1915 - Attack
1915 - Battle painter Shuang
1915 - missing
1915 - Battle in the air
1915 - Blonde
1915 - Bullfight
1915 - Bayonet fight
1915 - Machine gun fight
1915 - Eternal Bullet
1915 - Explosion of the alarm clock
1915 - Returned Hell
1915 - Magic Screen
1915 - Invention of Epitrim
1915 - Khaki Bey's Harem
1915 - Voice and sounds
1915 - Two brothers
1915 - Double of Plereza
1915 - The Case with the White Bird, or the White Bird and the Ruined Church
1915 - Wild Mill
1915 - Man's Friend
1915 - Iron Bird
1915 - Yellow City
1915 - The Beast of Rochefort
1915 - Golden Pond
1915 - Game
1915 - Toys
1915 - Interesting photo
1915 - Adventurer
1915 - Captain Duke
1915 - Swinging Rock
1915 - Dagger and mask
1915 - Nightmare case
1915 - Leal at home
1915 - Flying Doge
1915 - Bear and German
1915 - Bear Hunt
1915 - Sea battle
1915 - On the American mountains
1915 - Over the abyss
1915 - Assassin
1915 - Pick-Meek's legacy
1915 - Impenetrable shell
1915 - Night walk
1915 - At night
1915 - Night and day
1915 - Dangerous Jump
1915 - The original spy
1915 - Island
1915 - Hunting in the air
1915 - Hunting for Marbrun
1915 - Hunt for a bully
1915 - Mine Hunter
1915 - Dance of Death
1915 - The duel of leaders
1915 - Suicide note
1915 - The incident with the sentry
1915 - Kam-Boo Bird
1915 - Way
1915 - Fifteenth of July
1915 - Scout
1915 - Jealousy and a sword
1915 - Fatal place
1915 - Woman's Hand
1915 - Knight Mallar
1915 - Masha's wedding
1915 - Serious prisoner
1915 - The power of the word
1915 - Blue top
1915 - Killer Word
1915 - Death of Alamber
1915 - Calm soul
1915 - Strange weapon
1915 - Terrible package
1915 - Terrible secret car
1915 - The fate of the first platoon
1915 - The mystery of the moonlit night
1915 - There or There
1915 - Three meetings
1915 - Three bullets
1915 - Murder in a fish shop
1915 - The murder of a romantic
1915 - Suffocating gas
1915 - Terrible vision
1915 - Host from Lodz
1915 - Black Flowers
1915 - Black novel
1915 - Black Farm
1915 - Miraculous failure
1916 - Scarlet Sails (fantastic story) (published 1923)
1916 - Great happiness of a little wrestler
1916 - Merry Butterfly
1916 - Around the World
1916 - Resurrection of Pierre
1916 - High technology
1916 - Behind bars
1916 - Capture the banner
1916 - Idiot
1916 - How I was dying on the screen
1916 - Labyrinth
1916 - Lion Strike
1916 - Invincible
1916 - Something from a diary
1916 - Fire and Water
1916 - Poison Island
1916 - Grape Peak Hermit
1916 - Vocation
1916 - Romantic murder
1916 - Blind Day Canet
1916 - One hundred miles along the river
1916 - Mysterious record
1916 - The Secret of House 41
1916 - Dance
1916 - Tram sickness
1916 - Dreamers
1916 - Black Diamond
1917 - Bourgeois Spirit
1917 - Return
1917 - Uprising
1917 - Enemies
1917 - The main culprit
1917 - Wild Rose
1917 - Everyone is a millionaire
1917 - Mistress of the bailiff
1917 - Pendulum of Spring
1917 - Gloom
1917 - Knife and pencil
1917 - Firewater
1917 - Orgy
1917 - On foot to the revolution (essay)
1917 - Peace
1917 - To be continued
1917 - Rene
1917 - Birth of Thunder
1917 - Fatal Circle
1917 - Suicide
1917 - Creation of Asper
1917 - Merchants
1917 - Invisible Corpse
1917 - Prisoner of the "Crosses"
1917 - Sorcerer's Apprentice
1917 - Fantastic Providence
1917 - A man from Durnovo's dacha
1917 - Black car
1917 - Masterpiece
1917 - Esperanto
1918 - Atu him!
1918 - Fighting death
1918 - Ignorant Buka
1918 - Vanya got angry with humanity
1918 - Jolly Dead
1918 - Back and forth
1918 - Barber's invention
1918 - How I was king
1918 - Carnival
1918 - Club black
1918 - Ears
1918 - Ships in Lisse (publ. 1922)
1918 - The footman spat in the dish
1918 - It became easier
1918 - Retired platoon
1918 - Fallen Leaf's Crime
1918 - Trivia
1918 - Conversation
1918 - Make a grandmother
1918 - The power of the incomprehensible
1918 - The old man walks in a circle
1918 - Three Candles
1919 - Magical disgrace
1919 - Fighter
1921 - Vulture
1921 - Competition in Lissa
1922 - White fire
1922 - Visiting a friend
1922 - Rope
1922 - Monte Cristo
1922 - Gentle romance
1922 - New Year's celebration father and little daughter
1922 - Saryn on the kitch
1922 - Typhoid dotted line
1923 - Riot on the ship "Alceste"
1923 - Brilliant player
1923 - Gladiators
1923 - Voice and Eye
1923 - Willow
1923 - Be that as it may
1923 - Horsehead
1923 - Order for the army
1923 - The Lost Sun
1923 - Traveler Uy-Fyu-Eoy
1923 - Mermaids of the Air
1923 - Desert Heart
1923 - Loquacious brownie
1923 - Murder in Kunst-Fisch
1924 - Legless
1924 - White Ball
1924 - The Tramp and Warden
1924 - Cheerful fellow traveler
1924 - Gatt, Witt and Redott
1924 - Siren Voice
1924 - Boarded up house
1924 - Pied Piper
1924 - On the Cloudy Shore
1924 - Monkey
1924 - By law
1924 - Incidental Income
1925 - Gold and miners
1925 - Winner
1925 - Gray car
1925 - Fourteen Feet
1925 - Six matches
1926 - Marriage of August Esborn
1926 - Snake
1926 - Personal reception
1926 - Nurse Glenaugh
1926 - Someone else's fault
1927 - Two Promises
1927 - The Legend of Ferguson
1927 - Daniel Horton's Weakness
1927 - A strange evening
1927 - Fandango
1927 - Four guineas
1928 - Watercolor
1928 - Social reflex
1928 - Elda and Angotea
1929 - Mistletoe branch
1929 - Thief in the woods
1929 - Father's Wrath
1929 - Treason
1929 - Opener of locks
1930 - Barrel of fresh water
1930 - Green lamp
1930 - The story of one hawk
1930 - Silence
1932 - Autobiographical story
1933 - Velvet curtain
1933 - Commandant of the port
1933 - Pari
Storybooks:
Cap of Invisibility (1908)
Stories (1910)
Curious Stories (1915)
Famous Book (1915)
Incident in Dog Street (1915)
Adventurer (1916)
The Tragedy of the Xuan Plateau. On the Hillside (1916)
White Fire (1922)
Desert Heart (1924)
Gladiators (1925)
On the Cloudy Shore (1925)
Golden Pond (1926)
The Story of a Murder (1926)
Navigator of the Four Winds (1926)
Marriage of August Esborn (1927)
Ships in Lissa (1927)
By Law (1927)
Merry Traveler (1928)
Around the World (1928)
Black Diamond (1928)
Colony Lanfier (1929)
Window in the Woods (1929)
The Adventures of Ginch (1929)
Fire and Water (1930)
Collected works:
Green A. Collected works, 1-6 vols. M., Pravda, 1965.
Green A. Collected works, 1-6 vols. M., Pravda, 1980. Reprinted in 1983.
Green A. Collected works, 1-5 vols. M .: Fiction, 1991.
Green A. From the Unpublished and Forgotten. - Literary heritage, vol. 74. M .: Nauka, 1965.
Green A. I am writing you the whole truth. Letters 1906-1932. - Koktebel, 2012, series: Images of the past.
Screen versions of Alexander Green:
1958 - Watercolor
1961 - Scarlet Sails
1967 - Running on the waves
1968 - Dream Knight
1969 - Colony Lanfier
1972 - Morgiana
1976 - Redeemer
1982 - Assol
1983 - Man from the country Green
1984 - Shining World
1984 - Life and books of Alexander Grin
1986 - Golden chain
1988 - Mr. Designer
1990 - One hundred miles on the river
1992 - Road to nowhere
1995 - Gelly and Knock
2003 - Infection
2007 - Running on the waves
2010 - The True Story of Scarlet Sails
2010 - Man from the unfulfilled
2012 - Green Lamp
The famous Russian writer Alexander Grin presented the reader's world with many different works. However, most book lovers associate the name of this talented person, whose life is filled with interesting facts, with the extravaganza story "Scarlet Sails", which tells the story of a girl named. The main character of the book met her lover, and the plot of this work about unshakable faith and a sincere dream became the background for the cinematic works of famous directors.
Childhood and youth
Alexander Grinevsky ( real name writer) was born on August 11 (23), 1880. The childhood of young Sasha passed in the city of Slobodskoy, which is now located in the Kirov region. Green grew up and was brought up in an uncreative family that did not belong to the literary world.
His father Stefan Grinevsky, a Pole by nationality, belonged to the military class of the gentry. When Stefan (in Russia he was called Stepan Evseevich) was 20 years old, he became a participant in the January Uprising, which happened in 1863.
For armed debauchery former lands Commonwealth, which went to Russian Empire, Grinevsky was indefinitely exiled to Kolyvan, Tomsk province. In 1868, the young man was allowed to settle in the Vyatka province.
In 1873, Grinevsky proposed marriage to Anna Lepkova, who worked as a nurse. The first-born Alexander was born to the spouses only after seven years of marriage. Later, the Grinevskys had three more children: a boy and two girls. Green's parents raised him inconsistently. Sometimes the future writer was spoiled, and at other times they were severely punished or even left unattended.
It is noteworthy that Alexander's love for reading appeared at an early age. When the child was 6 years old, he learned to read: instead of playing with peers in the fresh air, the boy leafed through adventure books. Sasha's first read work was the tetralogy "Gulliver's Travels", which tells how a certain person ended up in the world of Lilliputians.
In addition, young Green loved stories about fearless sailors who travel across the waters of the Earth. Therefore, it is not surprising that the little dreamer sought to repeat the life of literary heroes: Sasha, who dreamed of going to sea as a sailor, made attempts to escape from home.
In 1889, a nine-year-old boy was sent to the preparatory class of a real school. By the way, it was classmates who gave Sasha the nickname "Green". It is noteworthy that the author of the works was not an obedient child: Grinevsky, on the contrary, caused trouble for teachers who noted that his behavior was "worse than everyone else." Nevertheless, Green managed to finish the preparatory class and move up a notch.
However, being a second grader, the son of a Polish gentry was expelled from school. The fact is that Sasha, remembered for his restless character, decided to show his talent and wrote a poem about teachers.
True, this work was not an ode to style: it contained ironic overtones and was considered very offensive. But in 1892, Grinevsky managed to return to school: thanks to his father, the young man was admitted to the Vyatka School, which had a bad reputation.
When the young man was 15 years old, a terrible event happened in his life: Alexander Grin lost his mother, who died of tuberculosis.
A few months later, Stepan Grinevsky married Lydia Boretskaya, however, Sasha's relationship with his stepmother did not work out, which is why the guy settled separately from his father's family. The master of the word lived alone, and adventure books saved the young man from the atmosphere of the provincial Vyatka, in which "lies, hypocrisy and falsehood" reigned.
The future prose writer spent six years wandering. During this time, he managed to work as a bookbinder, a loader, a fisherman, a railway worker, a digger, and even a traveling circus performer. In 1896 he graduated from the Vyatka School and went to Odessa to become a sailor, having received 25 rubles from his father. In the new city, Green wandered for some time, he had no money for food.
When Alexander found himself on the ship, his expectations did not coincide with reality: instead of delight, the young man was disgusted by the prosaic sailor's work and quarreled with the captain of the ship.
In 1902, due to the extreme need for money, Alexander Stepanovich entered the soldier's service. The severity of a soldier's life forced Grinevsky to desert: after rapprochement with the revolutionaries, Grin took up underground activities. In 1903 young man arrested and sent to Siberia for 10 years. He also spent two years in the Arkhangelsk exile and at one time lived under someone else's passport in St. Petersburg.
Literature
Alexander Stepanovich Green wrote his first story in 1906: from that moment on, creativity captured the young man entirely. His first work, entitled "The Merit of Private Panteleev," tells about the violations that are happening in the soldier's service.
Green's debut work was published under the signature of A. S. G. as a propaganda pamphlet for those serving in the army, punishing soldiers. It is worth noting that the entire print run was confiscated from the printing house and burned by the police. Alexander Stepanovich considered his work lost all his life, but in 1960 one copy of the brochure was found in the folder of the Department of Material Evidence of the Moscow Gendarmerie.
Starting in 1908, the writer began to publish collections of stories, published under the creative pseudonym "Greene": the author composed about 25 stories a year, while earning good money. In 1913, the readership saw the works of Alexander Stepanovich in the form of a three-volume book.
Every year Grinevsky improved his skills: the themes of his works expanded, the plots became deep and unpredictable, and the writer filled his books with quotations and aphorisms that became widely known among the people.
It is worth noting that Grinevsky occupies a special place in the world of Russian literature. The fact is that the author had no predecessors, no followers, no imitators. However, the writer himself was accused of borrowing plots from, and other creative people. But when analyzing the texts, it turned out that this similarity is very superficial and unfounded.
Also, the name of Alexander Grin is compared with the country of Greenland. The author himself did not use the name of this fictitious location in his works, it was invented by the Soviet critic Kornely Zelensky, who thus described the places of action of the main characters in Green's novels.
Researchers believe that the peninsula, where the country of the writer is located, is located on the southern sea border of China. Such conclusions were drawn from references in the works of real places: New Zealand, Pacific Ocean etc.
In 1916-1922, Green wrote the story "Scarlet Sails", which glorified him. It is noteworthy that the master of the pen dedicated this work to his second wife Nina. The idea of the work was born spontaneously in the writer's head: Alexander Stepanovich saw a boat with white sails in a window with toys.
“This toy told me something, but I didn’t know what, then I figured if the red sail would say more, but better than that- scarlet, because there is a bright jubilation in scarlet. Rejoicing means knowing why you rejoice. And so, deploying from this, taking the waves and the ship with scarlet sails, I saw the purpose of his being, ”the writer described his memoirs in drafts for“ Running on the Waves ”.
In 1928, Alexander Stepanovich released his significant work, which he gives the name "Running on the Waves."
This novel about the unrealizable, modern critics attributed to the fantasy genre. Also, Alexander Grin is familiar to readers from the works "Father's Wrath" (1929), "The Road to Nowhere" (1929) and "The Devil of Orange Waters" (1913).
The last novel of the writer is called "Touchless", however, Alexander Grin did not have time to finish this work.
Personal life
It is known from Green's biography that he was baptized according to the Orthodox rite, although his father was a believing Catholic. Despite the fact that the religious views of the writer began to change over time, his wife noted: while in the Crimea, Grinevsky attended the local church and especially loved the celebration of Easter.
Their marriage, which began in 1908, ended in divorce five years later at the initiative of Abramova: the woman, according to her, was tired of her husband's unpredictability and uncontrollability. Green's frequent sprees did not add to mutual understanding either. Alexander Stepanovich himself repeatedly made attempts to reunite. He dedicated several books to Vera, on one of them he wrote: "To my only friend." Also, until the end of his life, Green did not part with the portrait of Vera Pavlovna.
However, in 1921 the young man married Nina Mironova, with whom he lived for the rest of his life. The couple lived happily and considered each other a gift of fate.
When Alexander Stepanovich died, Nina Green, after the occupation of the Crimea by the Germans, was exiled to Germany to work. Upon returning to the USSR, the woman was accused of treason, so she was in the camps for the next 10 years. It is noteworthy that both spouses of Green not only knew each other, but were also friends, supported each other as much as possible during the difficult occupation and camp times.
Death
Alexander Stepanovich Green died in the summer of 1932. The cause of death is stomach cancer. The prose writer was buried in Stary Krym, and a monument based on the work “Running on the Waves” was erected on his grave.
It should be noted that after the victory Soviet Union in World War II, Green's books were recognized as anti-Soviet and contrary to the ideas of the proletariat. Only after his death, Green's name was rehabilitated.
In memory of the novelist, a museum was opened in Feodosia, streets, libraries, gymnasiums were named, sculptures were created, and much more.
Bibliography
- 1906 - "To Italy"
- 1907 - "Oranges"
- 1907 - "Beloved"
- 1908 - "The Tramp"
- 1908 - "Two men"
- 1909 - "Airship"
- 1909 - "Maniac"
- 1909 - "The Incident in Dog Street"
- 1910 - "In the forest"
- 1910 - "Box of soap"
- 1911 - "Moonlight Read"
- 1912 - "Winter's Tale"
- 1914 - "Without an audience"
- 1915 - "Aviator-lunatic"
- 1916 - "The Secret of House 41"
- 1917 - "Bourgeois Spirit"
- 1918 - "Gobies in a tomato"
- 1922 - "White Fire"
- 1923 - Scarlet Sails
- 1924 - "Merry companion"
- 1925 - "Six matches"
- 1927 - "The Legend of Ferguson"
- 1928 - "Running on the waves"
- 1933 - "Velvet curtain"
- 1960 - "We sat on the shore"
- 1961 - Stone Pillar Ranch
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