Message on the theme of the animal world of Antarctica. Crossword antarctica from the series "journey through the continents"

Animal world of Antarctica directly related to its climate. Therefore, all living organisms of this continent are located only in those places where plants are present.

According to information received from scientists, all animals of Antarctica, divided into water and land. At the same time, there are no completely land representatives of the fauna on this continent. List of animals of Antarctica(most popular) is shown below.

Mammals of Antarctica

Weddell seal

This type representatives of the fauna acquired its name thanks to the commander of an industrial expedition in one of the seas of Antarctica (also got its name in honor of this scientist) - James Weddell.

This type of animal lives in all coastal zones of Antarctica. According to estimates at the present time, their number is 800 thousand.

An adult of this species can reach a length of up to 350 centimeters. Their difference is that they can be under water for a whole hour. Their diet includes fish and cephalopods, which they catch without problems at depths of up to 800 meters.

In the autumn period of the year, they gnaw holes in the newly appeared ice so that they can breathe. Such actions lead to the fact that in older representatives of the species, the teeth, as a rule, are broken.

Pictured is a Weddell seal

crabeater seals

The crabeater seal is noted as the only one of the True seal family. It is the most common species not only among those living in Antarctica, but also among those living in the vastness of the world. According to various estimates of scientists, their number varies from 7 to 40 million individuals.

The name of these animals is in no way connected with reality, since they are not included in their diet. These mammals feed mainly on Antarctic krill.

The size of crabeater seals that have reached adulthood can reach a length of 220–260 centimeters, while their weight varies from 200 to 300 kilograms.

There is an elongated and fairly slender physique. The muzzle is long and narrow. real color their fur is dark brown, but after fading it becomes creamy white.

Crab-eating seals have scalloped tuberculate lateral teeth. This shape means that they fit snugly against each other and create a kind of sieve that allows them to filter food.

A distinctive quality of this type of seal is that on the shore, they unite in large dense groups. Habitat - Marginal seas of Antarctica.

They arrange rookeries on the ice, on which they move quite quickly. The preferred hunting time is at night. Able to stay under water for 11 minutes.

During the feeding period, the male stays near the female all the time, getting food for her and driving away other males. Their life expectancy is about 20 years.

Pictured is a crabeater seal

Sea leopard

It is not only the largest, but also the heaviest of all penguin species that live on planet Earth. His height can reach 122 centimeters, and his weight ranges from 22 to 45 kilograms. Females of this species are smaller than males and their maximum height is 114 centimeters.

Among other types of penguins, they also stand out for their muscularity. On the back, these penguins have black feathers, on the chest are white - this is a kind of protection from enemies. Under the neck and on the cheeks a large number of orange feathers.

About 300 thousand individuals of these penguins live in Antarctica, but they migrate to mate and lay eggs. These penguins feed on a variety of squid and krill.

They live and hunt mainly in groups. Small prey is eaten right on the spot, but larger prey is pulled ashore for butchering. The life span is about 25 years.

emperor penguin

snow petrel

The snow petrel is a bird that was first discovered in 1777 by Johann Reinhold Forster. The body length of this petrel species can reach up to 40 centimeters, wingspan up to 95 centimeters.

The color is white, only at the anterior upper edge of the eye there is a small dark spot. The beak is black. The paws of this species of bird have a bluish-gray color. They love low flights, right above the water surface.

They lead a relatively sedentary lifestyle. The diet includes small crustaceans, Antarctic krill, squid. They can nest either in separate pairs or in groups. They prefer to nest on the rocky slopes of the mountains. During the period of feeding the chicks, the male provides food and protection.

snow petrel

Unfortunately, all presented photo of antarctica animals unable to fully describe their beauty, and it remains to be hoped that someday Antarctica will fully reveal its expanses to people.

On July 4, 1819, the sloops Mirny and Vostok set off from Kronstadt to circumnavigate the world. The expedition resulted in the discovery of Antarctica. We decided to compile a list of the most interesting animals inhabiting this continent.

Not only the southernmost animal, but also one of the cutest animals. You can admire the pretty faces of these big-eyed mammals for hours. The seal inhabits the entire coast of Antarctica, its number is estimated at about a million individuals. This animal is an excellent diver. An adult seal is able to hold its breath for an hour and is able to get its own food at a depth of 800 meters.

Blue, or Blue, whale , living in the waters of the Southern Ocean, is not just one of the animals that has managed to adapt to life in harsh conditions. This is, first of all, the most gigantic of the animals that inhabit our planet now and have ever inhabited. Its length can reach four tens of meters, and its weight often exceeds 150 tons. Compared to humans, this animal looks like a giant floating mountain. A whale's heart alone can weigh over a ton. Unfortunately, as a result of uncontrolled whaling, a huge number of blue whales were destroyed, but now their numbers are slowly recovering.

This is one of the largest birds on planet Earth. These animals settle behind cliffs and rocks, live in huge colonies, which often number up to ten thousand individuals. The habits of penguins, their way of getting food and how they raise their offspring are also interesting. These are also one of the most frost-resistant animals on planet earth - in their breeding places, the temperature most often does not rise above minus fifty degrees.

A bird of prey that can feed on fish, it sometimes preys on penguins and storm petrels. This bird is an excellent traveler. During the migration season, it is able, using the power of the wind, to fly around the globe.

This is an Antarctic gull, it flies just as well, it is just as tenacious and even more hardy. The bird is able to live and breed at low temperatures. It mainly feeds on fish, but usually takes fish from less agile birds.

This is one of the largest subspecies of the seal. Adult individuals reach a size of three meters and weigh up to two and a half tons. An interesting fact is that there is much more fat in this animal than meat, which is not surprising, given the temperatures at which it needs to exist. Elephant seals are known for their mating games and fights, during which they can seriously injure each other.

– dangerous predator, which lives in the waters of the Southern Ocean, swims to the coast of Australia during winter. Being a predator of this animal allows its thin layer of fat and developed muscles. Due to this, it is quite mobile and can kill seals, large fish, penguins. The sea leopard does not disdain the meat of dead whales. But for thin subcutaneous fat, you have to pay less resistance to cold.

Antarctica is the icy continent of our planet. But, despite the extremely low temperatures, there is a very extensive fauna. It would seem that who or what can survive in the endless expanses of snow, but the animals feel comfortable there. They build their own dwellings, get food and fight for territory with rivals. Let's talk in more detail about what kind of fauna is hidden in Antarctica. Animals here are very different and unusual, which cause surprise and sometimes even fear.

Everyone should know

Too harsh winds and low temperatures are not suitable for all animals, so everything is stable in Antarctica. New species do not appear here, nor do they disappear, because poaching is practically not developed here. The waters are very rich in phytoplankton, which provides plant food for almost the entire continent. Birds flock here and fish flock in search of prey. Every year, krill arrives here - small herbivorous animals. They drift with the waters and become food for squid, octopuses and whales. A separate conversation - the birds of Antarctica. There are a lot of them here. Some become food themselves, while others are perfect hunters. Let's look at what kind of fauna Antarctica is famous for. Animals, as noted above, are different. Let's start with the most numerous.

Adélie penguins

It is hardly possible to count the number of these birds that are found here. Every year they return to their old breeding grounds. These are unique birds, especially when you look at them. appearance, which was formed over many years of survival in difficult conditions. Since they spend most of their time in the water, their powerful paws eventually became flippers, the body took on a streamlined shape, and the wings turned into fins. In the water, Adélie penguins reach speeds of up to 15 km / h. They often jump quite high out of the water. The conditions of existence made these birds terrestrial, from a distance they look more like clumsy, well-fed people dressed in a suit. But on this animal world Antarctica does not end, let's look at other inhabitants for whom this place has become a home.

emperor penguin

Of the penguin family, this representative is considered the largest and heaviest. His average height is 122 centimeters, and the maximum recorded is 130 cm. Weight ranges from 22 to 45 kilograms. Exactly the same as king penguin, this one belongs to the imperial species and bears the same name. Interestingly, these birds have a very developed pectoral muscle. The emperor penguin, of all representatives of its kind, climbed far to the south. About 300,000 individuals live on the ice floes of Antarctica. Birds immigrate to the mainland only for mating and incubation of eggs. The daily diet includes squid, krill and fish. Emperor penguins hunt in groups. Small prey is eaten while still in the water, while larger prey is butchered on land.

Antarctica: animals of the seal family

The Ross seal is the only representative of its species. Its key feature is that it is much smaller than its relatives. Of course, the fauna of Antarctica is still little explored, and the Ross seal is even less so. This is due to the fact that it lives in places that are hard to reach for humans. Moreover, it is considered very a rare species, and for researchers to meet this animal will be a real happiness. The body length of the animal usually does not exceed 2 meters, and the weight is 200 kilograms. The Ross seal has a large amount of blubber and a thick neck into which it can almost completely retract its head.

What animal lives in Antarctica?

One of the most majestic, huge and rare creatures of the continent is the blue or blue whale. To date, the number of this representative of cetaceans is gradually increasing, but a few years ago it was considered very rare. This was due to the fact that Chinese poachers destroyed most of the population. You will surely be surprised if you learn that the length of this giant can reach 40 meters and weight - more than 150 tons. Only the heart of a blue whale weighs about a ton. It can be said with great confidence which animals in Antarctica are the most amazing - these are blue whales. Currently, they are considered the largest inhabitants of the planet Earth.

Conclusion

For many birds and animals, the only safe place on the planet is Antarctica. Animals here for the most part are in a large population. Almost no one ever catches them. However, whaling and other forms of poaching need to be constantly monitored. Petrels, penguins, Weddell seals and other animals need human protection. It is safe to say that the fauna of Antarctica is unique in its own way, there are such representatives of penguins and seals that do not live anywhere else. Occasionally, birds and animals, for which this climate is not normal, swim or fly here. After exploring a new area a little, most of them return to their homes.

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Antarctica is the coldest continent. However, animal and vegetable world, although scarce, but presented and has its own magical beauty! So what animals live in Antarctica?

Features of the animal world of Antarctica

Due to the harsh living conditions on the mainland, there are not so many representatives of wildlife. Most of them are migratory, that is, when cold weather sets in, they move to a warmer area. The living world is connected with the oceans and only very little with the coast. Completely land dwellers cannot be found here. The waters are rich in plankton - a food source for cetaceans (blue whale, fin whale, sperm whale, killer whale), pinnipeds (seals, elephant seals), fish, birds.

Mammals of Antarctica

The order of mammals includes cetaceans, which include whales, porpoises, dolphins. Yes, yes, whales are not fish at all, but representatives of mammals, like humans. They feed their baby with milk for more than six months.

The most famous representative of cetaceans in Antarctica is the blue whale. This is an animal that lives in the waters of the Southern Ocean (the southern borders of the Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Oceans), is the largest inhabitant on Earth. The length of his body averages 25 meters, but can reach 40 meters. The weight of this giant ranges from 100 to 120 tons.

Rice. 1. Blue whale in Antarctica.

The fin whale also belongs to cetaceans. This large animal of Antarctica ranks second after the blue whale in terms of its dimensions. Its weight can reach 70 tons.

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Common in Antarctica different kinds seals: Weddell seals, crabeater seals, sea ​​Elephant. The Weddell seal lives on the ice, its weight is 400-450 kg. This animal feeds mainly on fish, as well as squid. It is rather difficult to calculate the population of this species of seals, since they live in places where it is difficult for a person to get close.

The crabeater seal, despite its name, does not eat crabs. Their diet includes Antarctic krill, fish and squid.

The largest seal is the elephant seal. Its weight can vary from 1.5 to 3.5 tons.

The large predator of Antarctica is the sea leopard. It got its name because of the spots all over its body, which are very similar to the spots of a real leopard. This animal is unique in that it is an omnivore, it can eat any animal it can kill.

Birds of Antarctica

The most important bird of Antarctica, which is associated with this mainland, is the penguin. Several varieties of this interesting bird live in Antarctica. by the most major representative bird on planet earth is the emperor penguin. its height can reach 122 cm. Their habitat is cliffs and rocks, where they live in large colonies.

The emperor penguin is endemic to Antarctica, that is, these animals live exclusively in the South Pole and are not found anywhere else.

Rice. 2. Emperor penguin.

The king penguin also lives in Antarctica. This is also a rather large species, but inferior in size to the emperor penguin. His maximum height is 100 cm and weight 18 kg. from the emperor penguin, in addition to the dimensions of these penguins, they are distinguished by bright and colorful plumage. The main food is fish and squid.

Subantarctic penguin - another inhabitant natural world"cold continent". Its second name is gentoo penguin. These birds are easily distinguished from other penguin species by their orange-red beak. in addition, the gentoo penguin has the most a long tail compared to other penguins.

The snow petrel is a bird of extraordinary beauty that lives on the continent. This bird has white plumage with a black beak and black eyes. It feeds on crustaceans, Antarctic krill, squid. They prefer to build nests on rocky mountains.

The giant petrel is a bird that does not resemble the snow petrel in its appearance. Her plumage is gray, she eats fish, and sometimes she can even hunt penguins.

Among the birds, one can also distinguish the Antarctic blue-eyed cormorant, white plover, wandering albatross.

Other animals

Antarctic krill are widely distributed in the Southern Ocean. It is a tiny crustacean that is the main food for most of the mammals, fish and birds of Antarctica. Its length is 6 cm, weight - 2 grams, and life expectancy - up to 6 years.

Rice. 3. Antarctic krill.

There is only one species of flightless insects in Antarctica. This is Belgica Antarctica, which is a black insect. The black color helps to accumulate heat, and thus survive in sub-zero temperatures. Maximum temperature, which the insect can withstand - -15 degrees.

What have we learned?

The list of fauna of Antarctica includes mammals, birds, marine life and even insects. The article gives brief information about the most common animals of the continent. This material can be used when writing a report for children for grade 1.

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