Presentation "environmental influence on man". Presentation on the topic of the impact of the environment on human health Natural environment and human health presentation

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Environmental impact on health and physical development child

All processes on earth are interconnected. Mankind is only a small part of the biosphere. Reason singled out man from the animal world and gave him great power. For centuries, man has sought not to adapt to the natural environment, but to make it comfortable for his life. Now we understand that any human activity has an impact on the environment, and the deterioration of the biosphere is dangerous for all living beings, including us, and especially children. A comprehensive study of a person led to the understanding that health is not only the absence of disease, but also the physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Health is a capital given to us not only by nature from birth, but also by the conditions in which we live.

Prepared by: head of physical education Mosina I.N.

Berdsk 2011

Municipal preschool educational institution - kindergarten No. 21 "Sparkle" of a general developmental type with a priority implementation of activities for the artistic, aesthetic and social and personal development of children.

parent club

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Currently, human economic activity is increasingly becoming the main source of pollution of the biosphere. In the natural environment in everything large quantities gaseous, liquid and solid industrial wastes. Various chemical substances, which are in the waste, getting into the soil, air or water, pass through the ecological links from one chain to another, eventually getting into the human body.

Chemical pollution of the environment and the health of the child.

Smoking causes great harm to human health. A smoker not only inhales harmful substances himself, but also pollutes the atmosphere and endangers his children. It has been established that children who are in the same room with a smoker inhale even more harmful substances than the parent himself.

Have you thought about the child

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Biological pollution and human diseases

In addition to chemical pollutants, biological pollutants are also found in the natural environment, causing human various diseases. These are pathogenic microorganisms, viruses. They can be in the atmosphere, water, soil, in the body of other living organisms, including in the person himself.

Often the source of infection is the soil. Microbes can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, or if the rules of hygiene are violated.

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The effect of sounds on a person

Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. For all living organisms, including a child, sound is one of the environmental influences. In nature, loud sounds are rare, the quiet rustle of leaves, the murmur of a stream, bird voices, a light splash of water and the sound of the surf are always pleasant for a child. They calm him, relieve stress. But the natural sounds of the voices of Nature are becoming more and more rare, they disappear completely or are drowned out by industrial traffic and other noises.

Prolonged noise adversely affects the organ of hearing, reducing the sensitivity to sound. It leads to a breakdown in the activity of the heart, liver, to exhaustion and overstrain of nerve cells. Weakened cells of the nervous system cannot clearly coordinate the work of various body systems. This results in disruption of their activities. Currently, scientists in many countries of the world are conducting various studies in order to find out the effect of noise on the health of a child. Very noisy modern music also dulls the hearing, causes nervous diseases. Currently, doctors are talking about noise disease, which develops as a result of exposure to noise with a primary lesion of hearing and the nervous system.

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Weather and well-being of the child

A few decades ago, it never occurred to anyone to connect their working capacity, the emotional state of the child and well-being with the activity of the Sun, with the phases of the Moon, with magnetic storms and other cosmic phenomena.

The climate also has a serious impact on the well-being of a person, affecting him through weather factors. It's well known that near quickly flowing water the air is refreshing and invigorating. It contains many negative ions. For the same reason, it seems to us clean and refreshing air after a thunderstorm. On the contrary, the air in cramped rooms with an abundance of various kinds of electromagnetic devices is saturated with positive ions. Even a relatively short stay in such a room leads to lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness and headaches. A similar picture is observed in windy weather, on dusty and humid days. Experts in the field of environmental medicine believe that negative ions have a positive effect on health, while positive ions have a negative effect.

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Child nutrition and health

Each of us knows that food is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Throughout life, the human body continuously undergoes a metabolism and energy exchange. The source of building materials and energy necessary for the body are nutrients coming from external environment mostly with food. If food does not enter the body, a person feels hungry. But hunger, unfortunately, will not tell you what nutrients and in what quantity you need. We often eat what is tasty, what can be prepared quickly, and do not really think about the usefulness of the foods we eat. Doctors say that a good balanced diet is an important condition for maintaining health, and for children it is also a necessary condition for growth and development. For normal growth and development, a child needs proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts in the amount he needs.

Regular overeating, consumption of excess amounts of carbohydrates and fats is the cause of the development of diseases such as obesity and diabetes. They cause damage to the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and other systems, sharply reduce resistance to diseases, reducing life expectancy by an average of 8-10 years.

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In products, many biologically active substances are found in equal, and sometimes in higher concentrations than in the applied medicines. That is why, since ancient times, many products, primarily vegetables, fruits, seeds, herbs, have been used in the treatment of various diseases. Many food products have bactericidal action, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms. So, apple juice delays the development of staphylococcus, pomegranate juice inhibits the growth of salmonella, cranberry juice is active against various intestinal, putrefactive and other microorganisms. Everyone knows the anti microbial properties of onions, garlic and other foods. Unfortunately, all this rich medical arsenal is not often used in practice.

Landscape as a health factor

A person always strives to the forest, to the mountains, to the seashore, river or lake. Here he feels a surge of strength, vivacity. No wonder they say that it is best to relax in the bosom of nature. Sanatoriums and rest houses are built in the most beautiful corners. This is not an accident. It turns out that the surrounding landscape can have a different effect on the emotional state. Contemplation of the beauties of nature stimulates vitality and calms the nervous system.

The modern city should be considered as an ecosystem in which the most favorable conditions for human life are created. Consequently, these are not only comfortable dwellings, transport, and a diverse service sector. This is a habitat favorable for life and health; clean air and green urban landscape. It is no coincidence that ecologists believe that in a modern city a person should not be divorced from nature, but, as it were, dissolved in it. Therefore, the total area of green spaces in cities should occupy more than half of its territory.

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Caring for the environment.

The problem of ecology should concern everyone, and our offspring will not be as exposed to negative environmental factors as they are at present. However, we still do not realize the importance and global nature of the problem that humanity faces regarding the protection of the environment.

All over the world, people are striving to reduce pollution as much as possible, also in Russian Federation adopted a criminal code, one of the chapters of which is devoted to establishing penalties for environmental crimes. But, of course, not all ways to overcome this problem have been solved, and we should take care of the environment on our own and maintain that natural balance in which a person is able to exist normally.

The impact of the environment on human health The presentation was made by a student of the 8th grade: Salimova Elvira Checked by: Trushalieva S.R.

Objective: To study how the environment affects human health

Factors affecting human health Air Water Soil Noise Society

air Negative impact on human health and the environment is provided by industrial enterprises located in the city near residential areas.

Polluted air is annoying for the most part Airways, causing bronchitis, asthma, the general state of human health worsens: headaches, nausea, a feeling of weakness appear, and the ability to work decreases or is lost. It has been established that such production wastes as chromium, nickel, beryllium, asbestos, many pesticides cause cancer.

Water Contaminated drinking water has a negative impact on human health. Diseases transmitted through contaminated water cause deterioration of health and death of a huge number of people. Open water sources are especially polluted: rivers, lakes, ponds. There are many cases when polluted water sources have caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, which are transmitted to humans as a result of pollution of water basins by pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria. Big Uzen River

Soil Sources of soil pollution are agricultural and industrial enterprises, as well as residential buildings. At the same time, chemical substances (including those that are very harmful to health: lead, mercury, arsenic and their compounds) enter the soil from industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as organic compounds. From the soil, harmful substances and pathogenic bacteria can penetrate into groundwater, which can be absorbed from the soil by plants, and then enter the human body through milk and meat. Diseases such as anthrax and tetanus are transmitted through the soil.

Every year, about 3.5 million tons of solid and concentrated waste is accumulated in the surrounding areas by cities and villages of approximately the following composition: ash and slag, solid residues from public sewerage, wood waste, municipal solid waste, construction garbage, tires, paper, textiles, forming city dumps. For decades, they have been accumulating waste, constantly burning, poisoning the air.

Noise Continuous exposure to loud noise can lead to hearing loss and other harmful effects such as ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache, increased fatigue, decreased immunity, promotes the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Disturbances in the human body due to noise become noticeable only over time. Noise interferes with normal rest and recuperation, disrupts sleep. Systematic lack of sleep and insomnia lead to severe nervous disorders. Therefore, great attention should be paid to protecting sleep from noise stimuli.

society For a person, the external environment is not only nature, but also society. Therefore, social conditions also affect the state of the body and its health. The family affects the formation of character, the spiritual health of its members. The daily routine of family members is one of the indicators of lifestyle. Violation of the regime of rest, sleep, nutrition in the family leads to the development of a number of diseases in most family members: cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, metabolic disorders.

Conclusion The deterioration of the environment as a result of human impact has a negative impact on his health, that is, it returns like a boomerang. By protecting nature, we will protect our future!

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MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION KNYAZHINSKY SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL Work on ecology IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE ORGANISM HUMAN Search and research work on the example of laboratory research on the territory of the Knyazhinsky secondary school. Purpose: to increase the ecological orientation of the content of biological knowledge (consideration of the issue of noise pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water pollution and their impact on the human body); continue the formation of skills to independently acquire knowledge in the process of search work. Purpose: to increase the ecological orientation of the content of biological knowledge (consideration of the issue of noise pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water pollution and their impact on the human body); continue the formation of skills to independently acquire knowledge in the process of search work. Tasks: 1) consider different kinds environmental pollution. 2) to study the effect of noise, nitrate content, air pollution on the human body. 3) establish a link between environmental protection and human health protection. Content

Problems of human adaptation to the environment.
Soil is an important part of the biosphere.
Water is the basis of life processes in the biosphere.
Air pollution.
The influence of sounds on a person.
Weather and human well-being.
Man is part of the biosphere.

“I need to figure it out myself, and to figure it out myself, I need to think together.” B. Vasiliev We are small children of one big nature, We share with her good luck and adversity, One fate for us and for her. My planet is a human home But how can she live under a smoky hood, Where the gutter is the ocean Where all nature is caught in a trap?! Where there is no place for a stork or a lion, Where the grass moans: I can no longer! The connection between natural conditions and human health is obvious. From the quality of water, air, soil, climatic conditions depends on the state of human health, its ability to work and longevity. The connection between natural conditions and human health is obvious. From the quality of water, air, soil, climatic conditions depends on the state of human health, its ability to work and longevity. Problems of human adaptation to the environment In the history of our planet (from the day of its formation to the present time) grandiose processes on a planetary scale have continuously occurred and are continuing to transform the face of the Earth. With the advent of a powerful factor - the human mind - a qualitatively new stage in evolution began. organic world. Due to the global nature of human interaction with the environment, it becomes the largest geological force. Man's production activity influences not only the direction of the evolution of the biosphere, but also determines its own biological evolution. The specificity of the human environment lies in the most complex interweaving of social and natural factors. At the dawn of human history, natural factors played a decisive role in human evolution. On modern man the impact of natural factors is largely neutralized by social factors. In new natural and industrial conditions, a person at present often experiences the influence of very unusual, and sometimes excessive and harsh environmental factors, for which he is not yet evolutionarily ready. The specificity of the human environment lies in the most complex interweaving of social and natural factors. At the dawn of human history, natural factors played a decisive role in human evolution. The impact of natural factors on a modern person is largely neutralized by social factors. In new natural and industrial conditions, a person at present often experiences the influence of very unusual, and sometimes excessive and harsh environmental factors, for which he is not yet evolutionarily ready. Man, like other types of living organisms, is able to adapt, that is, adapt to environmental conditions. Human adaptation to new natural and industrial conditions can be characterized as a set of socio-biological properties and characteristics necessary for the sustainable existence of an organism in a particular ecological environment. The life of each person can be seen as a constant adaptation, but our ability to do this has certain limits. Also, the ability to restore one's physical and mental strength for a person is not infinite. At present, a significant part of human diseases is associated with the deterioration of the ecological situation in our environment: pollution of the atmosphere, water and soil, poor-quality food, and increased noise. At present, a significant part of human diseases is associated with the deterioration of the ecological situation in our environment: pollution of the atmosphere, water and soil, poor-quality food, and increased noise. Adapting to adverse environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension, fatigue. Tension is the mobilization of all mechanisms that provide certain activities of the human body. Depending on the magnitude of the load, the degree of preparation of the body, its functional, structural and energy resources, the ability of the organism to function at a given level decreases, that is, fatigue occurs. Depending on the magnitude of the load, the degree of preparation of the body, its functional, structural and energy resources, the ability of the organism to function at a given level decreases, that is, fatigue occurs. When tired healthy person there may be a redistribution of possible reserve functions of the body, and after rest, forces will reappear. Humans are able to endure the most severe natural conditions over a relatively long time. However, a person who is not accustomed to these conditions, entering them for the first time, turns out to be much less adapted to life in an unfamiliar environment than its permanent inhabitants. The ability to adapt to new conditions is not the same for different people. So, many people during long-haul flights with a quick crossing of time zones, as well as during shift work, experience such unfavorable symptoms as sleep disturbance, deterioration in well-being and mood, neurotic disorders, chronic diseases become aggravated, and working capacity decreases. Others adapt quickly. Soil is an important part of the biosphere. Soil pollution Soil is the top layer of land, formed under the influence of plants, animals, microorganisms and climate from the parent rocks on which it is located (see fig.). This is an important and complex component of the biosphere, closely related to its other parts. The following main components interact in a complex way in the soil: - mineral particles (sand, clay), water, air; - detritus - dead organic matter, the remains of vital activity of plants and animals; - many living organisms - from detritus-phagous to decomposers that decompose detritus from humus. Thus, the soil is a bioinert system based on the dynamic interaction between mineral components, detritus, detritus feeders and soil organisms.

Soil components

Soil pollution Under normal natural conditions, all processes occurring in the soil are in balance. But often a person is to blame for the violation of the equilibrium state of the soil. As a result of the development of human activities, pollution, changes in the composition of the soil and even its destruction occur. Currently, there is less than one hectare of arable land for every inhabitant of our planet. And these insignificant areas continue to shrink due to inept human activities. Enormous areas of fertile lands are lost during mining operations, during the construction of enterprises and cities. The destruction of forests and natural grass cover, repeated plowing of the land without observing the rules of agricultural technology leads to soil erosion - the destruction and washing away of the fertile layer by water and wind. Erosion has now become a worldwide evil. It is estimated that in the last century alone, as a result of water and wind erosion, 2 billion hectares of fertile lands of active agricultural use have been lost on the planet. One of the consequences of increased human production activity is the intense pollution of the soil cover. The main soil pollutants are metals and their compounds, radioactive elements, as well as fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. One of the consequences of increased human production activity is the intense pollution of the soil cover. The main soil pollutants are metals and their compounds, radioactive elements, as well as fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. The most dangerous soil pollutants are mercury and its compounds. Mercury enters the environment with pesticides, industrial waste containing metallic mercury and its various compounds. Lead pollution of soils is even more widespread and dangerous. It is known that during the smelting of one ton of lead, up to 25 kg of lead is released into the environment with waste. Lead compounds are used as additives to gasoline, so motor vehicles are a serious source of lead pollution. Especially a lot of lead in soils along major highways. Near large centers of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, soils are contaminated with iron, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, aluminum and other metals. In many places, their concentration is tens of times higher than the MPC. Near large centers of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, soils are contaminated with iron, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, aluminum and other metals. In many places, their concentration is tens of times higher than the MPC. Radioactive elements can get into the soil and accumulate in it as a result of fallout from atomic explosions or during the removal of liquid and solid waste industrial enterprises, nuclear power plants or research institutions related to the study or use of atomic energy. Radioactive substances from soils get into plants, then into the organisms of animals and humans, accumulate in them. Significant impact on chemical composition soil is provided by modern agriculture, which makes extensive use of fertilizers and various chemicals to control pests, weeds and plant diseases. At present, the amount of substances involved in the cycle in the process of agricultural activity is approximately the same as in the process of industrial production. Modern agriculture, which widely uses fertilizers and various chemicals to control pests, weeds and plant diseases, has a significant impact on the chemical composition of soils. At present, the amount of substances involved in the cycle in the process of agricultural activity is approximately the same as in the process of industrial production. At the same time, the production and use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is increasing every year. Inept and uncontrolled use of them leads to disruption of the circulation of substances in the biosphere. At the same time, the production and use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is increasing every year. Inept and uncontrolled use of them leads to disruption of the circulation of substances in the biosphere. Of particular danger are persistent organic compounds used as pesticides. They accumulate in the soil, in water, bottom sediments of reservoirs. But most importantly, they are included in ecological food chains, pass from soil and water into plants, then into animals, and eventually enter the human body with food.

Environmental impact of field cultivation

Human life directly depends on ecological environment. From the external environment, harmful substances enter the human body through the skin, lungs and with food. Harmful substances easily get into food from soil, water and air. Some of them are able to accumulate or form in edible plants, animals, fish. More than 300,000 pesticides are currently used in agriculture. Some of them end up in plants consumed by humans as food. In Russia and in other countries of the world, permissible levels of their content have been established, and some of them are generally not permissible in food products due to severe toxicity. Sometimes the same pesticides found in products are allowed in some products and not in others. Human life directly depends on the ecological environment. From the external environment, harmful substances enter the human body through the skin, lungs and with food. Harmful substances easily get into food from soil, water and air. Some of them are able to accumulate or form in edible plants, animals, fish. More than 300,000 pesticides are currently used in agriculture. Some of them end up in plants consumed by humans as food. In Russia and in other countries of the world, permissible levels of their content have been established, and some of them are generally not permissible in food products due to severe toxicity. Sometimes the same pesticides found in products are allowed in some products and not in others. Accumulation of nitrates (salts nitric acid) from the soil is characteristic of many edible plants. They are present in potatoes, white cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, table beets, onions. In addition, nitrates both in the environment and in our bodies are reduced to nitrites. It is known that nitrites are used as additives in the production of meat and fish products. Apparently, therefore, most nitrosamines were found in smoked meat products and sausages - up to 80 mcg / kg, in salted and smoked fish - up to 110 mcg / kg. Among dairy products, nitrosamines are found mainly in smoked cheeses. From vegetable products, nitrosamines are found in salted pickled products, and from drinks in beer, where their content can reach 12 mcg / l. It is known that nitrites are used as additives in the production of meat and fish products. Apparently, therefore, most nitrosamines were found in smoked meat products and sausages - up to 80 μg / kg, in salted and smoked fish - up to 110 μg / kg. Among dairy products, nitrosamines are found mainly in smoked cheeses. From vegetable products, nitrosamines are found in salted pickled products, and from drinks in beer, where their content can reach 12 mcg / l. The permissible daily dose of nitrates for humans is 312.5 mg. Permissible levels in fruits and vegetables range from 50 to 3000 microns/kg, depending on the type of agricultural product and soil type. The group of substances harmful to human health includes mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, iron, tin, antimony, nickel, selenium, chromium, aluminum, fluorine and iodine. The most dangerous of them due to their strong toxic effects are mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium. Maximum allowable concentrations in water are (mg/l): lead - 0.03; cadmium - 0.001; mercury - 0.0005; arsenic - 0.01; zinc - 1; copper - 1; tin - 2. Phenols are present in almost all plants, among which flavonols should be noted, they have mutagenic activity. In the gastrointestinal tract, nitrates are converted into salts of nitrous acid - nitrites, they reduce a person's performance, cause dizziness and even loss of consciousness, the content of lactic acid and cholesterol in the blood increases, the amount of proteins decreases, and hemoglobin is blocked. Now there's a new danger chemical pollution food. A new concept has also appeared - environmentally friendly products. Now there is a new danger - chemical contamination of food. A new concept has also appeared - environmentally friendly products. Obviously, each of you had to buy large, beautiful vegetables and fruits in the market or in the store. But, having tried them, you found out with chagrin that they are watery and completely tasteless. This usually happens when crops are grown with a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides. Such agricultural products can not only have bad taste qualities but be hazardous to health. You know that nitrogen is an integral part of compounds that are vital for plants, as well as for animal organisms, such as proteins. Lab Topic: Detection of nitrates in plants Goals: familiarize yourself with the methods for detecting nitrates in various plant organs. To establish the independence of the nitrate content from localization in the plant organ and environmental conditions. Equipment: plants under study, 1% diphenylamine solution (0.1 g of diphenylamine is dissolved in 10 ml of strong sulfuric acid), mortar and pestle, scissors, glass rod, glass of water, glass slide. Progress of work Progress of work

Rub a piece of a plant object (leaf, petiole) with a pestle in a mortar.

different types

The content of nitrates in plants Conclusion: in the course of laboratory studies, it was found that in plants taken from the school area there is a weak intensity of blue coloration. In the studied samples, the content of nitrates was within the normal range. Water is the basis of life processes in the biosphere Water is the most common inorganic compound on our planet. Water is the basis of life processes, the only source of oxygen in the main driving process on Earth - photosynthesis. Water is present throughout the biosphere: not only in water bodies, but also in the air, and in the soil, and in all living beings. The latter contain up to 80%-90% water in their biomass. Losses of 10-20% of water by living organisms lead to their death. In its natural state, water is never free from impurities. Various gases and salts are dissolved in it, there are suspended solid particles. 1 liter of fresh water can contain up to 1 g of salts. Most of the water is concentrated in the seas and oceans. Fresh water accounts for only 2%. Most of the fresh water (85%) is concentrated in the ice of the polar zones and glaciers. Renewal of fresh water occurs as a result of the water cycle. With the advent of life on Earth, the water cycle became relatively complex, since, by the simple phenomenon of physical evaporation (turning water into steam), more complex processes associated with the life of living organisms. In addition, the role of man, as he develops, becomes more and more significant in this cycle. Today, water is becoming one of the most scarce materials for people. On economic activity people mainly use fresh water, the total reserves of which are only 2% of the total. According to the sanitary and epidemiological supervision, almost a third of tap water samples taken in various regions do not meet the standards for sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators. With the advent of life on Earth, the water cycle became relatively complex, since the simple phenomenon of physical evaporation (turning water into steam) added more complex processes associated with the vital activity of living organisms. In addition, the role of man, as he develops, becomes more and more significant in this cycle. Today, water is becoming one of the most scarce materials for people. For economic activity, a person uses mainly fresh water, the total reserves of which are only 2% of the total volume. According to the sanitary and epidemiological supervision, almost a third of tap water samples taken in various regions do not meet the standards for sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators. Therefore, water must be subjected to special treatment before being supplied to consumers. Laboratory work Topic: Characteristics of the quality of tap water. Objectives: to get acquainted with the methods of water purification, to characterize the quality of tap water at school. Equipment: tap water, cylinder, test tubes, flasks, paper filter. Progress. Settling method.

Filled the cylinder with water from the faucet. He poured water into a test tube and left it to settle for one day.
A day later, I compared the test tube with a test tube just filled with tap water (control tube).

1. Evaluate the quantity and quality of sediment, if any, note the color. 1. Evaluate the quantity and quality of sediment, if any, note the color. 2. The results will be entered in the table. Filter method Filter method

Fill the cylinder with water from the faucet.
Let's pass the taken water through a paper filter.
There is sediment on the walls of the filter.

effective methods

high school

Laboratory work. Laboratory work. METHODS FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING WATER IN HOME AND FIELD CONDITIONS. Goals: Goals: to acquaint students with the most accessible and reliable methods of water purification and disinfection at home and in the field. Equipment: for the 1st part of the work: a saucepan, a jar (2-3 liters), tap water (3 liters), a freezer, a watch. For the 2nd part of the work: a tin can, a screwdriver, 10-15 small pebbles, the same number of pieces of coal (stone), 100 g of clean sand, a wide container (pot, bucket), several layers of fabric (chintz, cotton fabric), jar, polyethylene film. For these experiments, river or sea water is needed. Progress Progress Part 1. Methods for cleaning and disinfecting water at home 1. Take a saucepan and fill it with tap water. 2. Put the saucepan in the freezer of the refrigerator for 15 minutes. 3. After 15 minutes, when it starts to freeze, I will remove the top crust of ice. Throw it away, it is concentrated a large number of harmful substances. 4. Put the saucepan back in the freezer, but for 25-30 minutes. 5. During this time, the water will freeze by half. Salt the remaining liquid, it is also saturated with salts of heavy metals, harmful microorganisms. 6. I will put the ice in a saucepan and let it melt. 7. I have appeared, not only clean, but also healthy water. Part 2. Methods for cleaning and disinfecting water in the field (on a hike) A. The simplest filter: 1. Take a tin can and carefully punch a lot of holes in its bottom, this can be done with an opener or a screwdriver, a nail. 2. Lay out the bottom with clean pebbles (1-1.5 layers). 3. Put a row of coals on top of the pebbles. 4. Top it off with clean sand. 5. Pass water through this filter. But be sure to boil it. B. An even simpler but less reliable filter: 1. Fold the fabric (chintz, cotton) in several layers (at least 6). Pass water through this "filter". 2. Boil water. B. Homemade distiller: 1. Take a bucket, a bowler hat. Pour dirty or sea water into it. 2. In the middle of the container, strengthen the jar, mug, wrapped with a cloth on top. 3. Cover the bucket tightly with plastic wrap and tie around the edges. 4. Put a pebble in the center - just above the jar. In the sun, water will evaporate, settle on the film and drain into a jar. The atmosphere is the outer shell of the biosphere. Atmospheric pollution The mass of the atmosphere of our planet is negligible - only one millionth of the mass of the Earth. However, her role in natural processes the biosphere is huge. Presence around the globe atmosphere determines the general thermal regime of the surface of our planet, protects it from harmful cosmic and ultraviolet radiation. Atmospheric circulation affects local climatic conditions, and through them - on the regime of rivers, soil and vegetation cover and on the processes of relief formation. The modern gas composition of the atmosphere is the result of a long historical development the globe. It is mainly a gas mixture of two components - nitrogen (78.09%) and oxygen (20.95%). Normally, it also contains argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and small amounts of inert gases (neon, helium, krypton, xenon), ammonia, methane, ozone, sulfur dioxide and other gases. Along with gases, the atmosphere contains solid particles coming from the Earth's surface (for example, products of combustion, volcanic activity, soil particles) and from space (cosmic dust), as well as various products of plant, animal or microbial origin. In addition, water vapor plays an important role in the atmosphere. Various negative changes in the Earth's atmosphere are mainly associated with changes in the concentration of minor components of atmospheric air. Various negative changes in the Earth's atmosphere are mainly associated with changes in the concentration of minor components of atmospheric air. There are two main sources of air pollution: natural and anthropogenic. The natural source is volcanoes, dust storms, weathering, forest fires, the processes of decomposition of plants and animals. The main anthropogenic sources of air pollution include enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, transport, and various machine-building enterprises. According to scientists, every year in the world as a result of human activity, 25.5 billion tons of carbon oxides, 190 million tons of sulfur oxides, 65 million tons of nitrogen oxides, 1.4 million tons of chlorofluorocarbons (freons), organic lead compounds, hydrocarbons, including carcinogenic (causing cancer). In addition to gaseous pollutants, a large amount of particulate matter enters the atmosphere. These are dust, soot and soot. Contamination of the natural environment with heavy metals poses a great danger. Lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, vanadium have become almost constant components of the air in industrial centers. The problem of air pollution with lead is particularly acute. In addition to gaseous pollutants, a large amount of particulate matter enters the atmosphere. These are dust, soot and soot. Contamination of the natural environment with heavy metals poses a great danger. Lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, vanadium have become almost constant components of the air in industrial centers. The problem of air pollution with lead is particularly acute. Global air pollution affects the state of natural ecosystems, especially the green cover of our planet. Quality monitoring precipitation Chemical industries cause great damage to the environment, which emit a huge amount of harmful gases (sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere. These substances are absorbed by atmospheric moisture, which falls to the ground in the form of precipitation - " acid rain or acid snow. Laboratory work. Laboratory work. The study of precipitation. Objectives: to study the quality of precipitation, to determine the degree of environmental pollution by various anthropogenic toxins. Equipment and reagents: A conical flask, a cup, a funnel, a crystallizer spatula, indicator paper with a pH scale, a test tube stand, test tubes, an alcohol lamp, a glass (2 pcs.), A knife, a piece of clean cloth, hydrochloric acid (1: 2), potassium permanganate (0 , 1% solution), lead acetate (5%), definilamine solution in concentrated sulfuric acid, distilled water. Progress

Taking samples of atmospheric precipitation

Rainwater.

Snow.

Ice.

2. Carrying out qualitative reactions. 2. Carrying out qualitative reactions. The reactions are carried out in test tubes, filling them with test water to one third of the height. pH determination

Moisten a strip of universal indicator paper with the test water.
Determine the pH of the water under study on a scale.

Atmospheric precipitation falling in the area of the school does not contain harmful substances. Atmospheric precipitation falling in the area of the school does not contain harmful substances. Study of Atmospheric Ecology Atmospheric pollution is caused by the ingress or formation of physical and chemical agents and substances in it due to natural and anthropogenic factors. In recent decades, anthropogenic factors of atmospheric pollution have begun to exceed natural ones in scale, acquiring a global character. A significant proportion of atmospheric air pollution, especially in cities and urban-type settlements, is brought by transport, which negatively affects human health. Specific data on this is presented in the reference material. Health Effects of Automobile Exhaust Carbon monoxide prevents the blood from absorbing oxygen, which impairs thinking ability, slows reflexes, causes drowsiness, and can cause unconsciousness and death. Lead affects the circulatory, nervous, genitourinary system, causes a decrease in mental abilities in children, is deposited in bones and other tissues, therefore it is dangerous for a long time. Nitrogen oxides can increase the body's susceptibility to viral diseases (such as influenza), irritate the lungs, cause bronchitis and pneumonia. Ozone irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory system, causes coughing, disrupts the functioning of the lungs, reduces resistance to colds, can exacerbate chronic heart disease, and also cause asthma and bronchitis. Toxic emissions (heavy metals) cause cancer, reproductive disorders and birth defects. Toxic emissions (heavy metals) cause cancer, reproductive disorders and birth defects. The most powerful carcinogens are substances that cause cancerous tumors - asbestos and benzopyrene, which is part of exhaust gases and tobacco smoke. Practical work Topic: assessment of air dustiness by vehicle exhaust gases. Objectives: to determine the approximate amount of exhaust gases from motor vehicles entering the atmosphere. Equipment: notebooks, pencil. Progress of work Topic: assessment of the dust content of the air with car exhaust gases. Topic: assessment of air dustiness by vehicle exhaust gases. Objectives: to determine the approximate amount of exhaust gases from motor vehicles entering the atmosphere. Equipment: notebooks, pencil. Progress

Calculate the number of cars passing through the nearby freeway in one hour.
Determine approximately how much exhaust gases from a car enter the atmosphere of the study area per day, if it is known that one car during the day emits up to 1 kg of exhaust gases, which include about 30 g of carbon monoxide, 6 g of nitrogen oxides, compounds lead, sulfur and other pollutants.

The influence of sounds on a person. Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. Sound is called such mechanical vibrations of the external environment, which are perceived by the hearing aid (from 16 to 2000 vibrations per second). Vibrations of a higher frequency are called ultrasound, and a lower frequency is called infrasound. Noise - loud sounds that have merged into a discordant sound. For all living organisms, including humans, sound is one of the environmental influences. In nature, loud sounds are rare, the noise is relatively weak and short. The combination of sound stimuli gives animals and humans time to assess their nature and form a response. Sounds and noises of high power affect the hearing aid, nerve centers, can cause pain and shock. This is how noise pollution works. The quiet rustle of leaves, the murmur of a stream, bird voices, a light splash of water and the sound of the surf are always pleasant to a person. They calm him, relieve stress. This is used in medical institutions, in psychological relief rooms. But the natural sounds of the voices of Nature are becoming more and more rare, they disappear completely or are drowned out by industrial, transport and other noises. In nature, loud sounds are rare, the noise is relatively weak and short. The combination of sound stimuli gives animals and humans time to assess their nature and form a response. Sounds and noises of high power affect the hearing aid, nerve centers, can cause pain and shock. This is how noise pollution works. The quiet rustle of leaves, the murmur of a stream, bird voices, a light splash of water and the sound of the surf are always pleasant to a person. They calm him, relieve stress. This is used in medical institutions, in psychological relief rooms. But the natural sounds of the voices of Nature are becoming more and more rare, they disappear completely or are drowned out by industrial, transport and other noises. Prolonged noise adversely affects the organ of hearing, reducing the sensitivity to sound. It leads to a breakdown in the activity of the heart, liver, to exhaustion and overstrain of nerve cells. Weakened cells of the nervous system cannot clearly coordinate the work of various body systems. The first complaints about noise that have come down to us can be found in the Roman satirist Juvenal. According to him, it was difficult to fall asleep in the capital - the creak, the rumble of carts in the narrow streets, the scolding of the drivers interfered with sleep, annoyed. “Most of the sick,” he wrote, “are dying in Rome from insomnia.” But still these noises were more or less tolerable for the human ear, and only now the problem of noise has declared itself in full voice. Prolonged noise adversely affects the organ of hearing, reducing the sensitivity to sound. It leads to a breakdown in the activity of the heart, liver, to exhaustion and overstrain of nerve cells. Weakened cells of the nervous system cannot clearly coordinate the work of various body systems. The first complaints about noise that have come down to us can be found in the Roman satirist Juvenal. According to him, it was difficult to fall asleep in the capital - the creak, the rumble of carts in the narrow streets, the scolding of the drivers interfered with sleep, annoyed. “Most of the sick,” he wrote, “are dying in Rome from insomnia.” But still these noises were more or less tolerable for the human ear, and only now the problem of noise has declared itself in full voice. The noise level is measured in units expressing the degree of sound pressure - decibels. This pressure is not perceived indefinitely. The noise level of 20-30 decibels (dB) is practically harmless to humans, this is a natural background noise. As for loud sounds, here the permissible limit is approximately 80 decibels. A sound of 130 decibels already causes a painful sensation in a person, and 150 becomes unbearable for him. Not without reason in the Middle Ages there was an execution "under the bell". The hum of the bell ringing tormented and slowly killed the condemned

Action

Deterioration

Difficulties

Frequent quarrels

decline

Mental

Increased

Deterioration

Noise is insidious, its harmful effect on the body is invisibly, imperceptibly. Violations in the body are not detected immediately. In addition, the human body is practically defenseless against noise. Noise is insidious, its harmful effect on the body is invisibly, imperceptibly. Violations in the body are not detected immediately. In addition, the human body is practically defenseless against noise. Currently, doctors are talking about noise disease, which develops as a result of exposure to noise with a primary lesion of hearing and the nervous system. Weather and human well-being. Weather and human well-being. A few decades ago, it never occurred to anyone to connect their performance, their emotional state and well-being with the activity of the Sun, with the phases of the Moon, with magnetic storms and other cosmic phenomena. In any natural phenomenon that surrounds us, there is a strict repetition of processes: day and night, high and low tide, winter and summer. Rhythm is observed not only in the motion of the Earth, Sun, Moon and stars, but is also an integral and universal property of living matter, a property penetrating into all life phenomena - from the molecular level to the level of the whole organism. In the course of historical development, a person has adapted to a certain rhythm of life, due to rhythmic changes in the natural environment and the energy dynamics of metabolic processes. In the course of historical development, a person has adapted to a certain rhythm of life, due to rhythmic changes in the natural environment and the energy dynamics of metabolic processes. Currently, there are many rhythmic processes in the body, called biorhythms. These include the rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectric activity of the brain. Our whole life is a constant change of rest and activity, sleep and wakefulness, fatigue from hard work and rest. In the body of every person, like the tides of the sea, a great rhythm eternally reigns, arising from the connection of life phenomena with the rhythm of the Universe and symbolizing the unity of the world. The central place among all rhythmic processes is occupied by circadian rhythms, which have highest value for the body. The body's response to any impact depends on the phase of the circadian rhythm (i.e., on the time of day). These values caused the development of new directions in medicine - chronodiagnostics, chronotherapy, chronopharmacology. They are based on the position that the same remedy at different hours of the day has a different, sometimes directly opposite, effect on the body. Therefore, in order to obtain a greater effect, it is important to indicate not only the dose, but also the exact time of taking the medication. The central place among all rhythmic processes is occupied by circadian rhythms, which are of the greatest importance for the organism. The body's response to any impact depends on the phase of the circadian rhythm (i.e., on the time of day). These values caused the development of new directions in medicine - chronodiagnostics, chronotherapy, chronopharmacology. They are based on the position that the same remedy at different hours of the day has a different, sometimes directly opposite, effect on the body. Therefore, in order to obtain a greater effect, it is important to indicate not only the dose, but also the exact time of taking the medication. It turned out that the study of changes in circadian rhythms makes it possible to detect the occurrence of certain diseases at the earliest stages. The climate also has a serious impact on the well-being of a person, affecting him through weather factors. Weather conditions include a complex of physical conditions: Atmosphere pressure, humidity, air movement, oxygen concentration, degree of disturbance magnetic field Earth, the level of atmospheric pollution. So far, it has not yet been possible to fully establish the mechanisms of the reactions of the human body to changing weather conditions. And she often makes herself felt by violations of cardiac activity, nervous disorders. With a sharp change in the weather, physical and mental performance decreases, diseases become aggravated, the number of errors, accidents and even deaths increases. So far, it has not yet been possible to fully establish the mechanisms of the reactions of the human body to changing weather conditions. And she often makes herself felt by violations of cardiac activity, nervous disorders. With a sharp change in the weather, physical and mental performance decreases, diseases become aggravated, the number of errors, accidents and even deaths increases. Man is a part of the biosphere, and the deterioration of its condition is dangerous for him. Chemical, biological, noise and other types of pollution of the biosphere have a harmful effect on the human body. Unfavorable environmental conditions cause various disorders in the body, as a result of which a person can get sick and even die. Man is a part of the biosphere, and the deterioration of its condition is dangerous for him. Chemical, biological, noise and other types of pollution of the biosphere have a harmful effect on the human body. Unfavorable environmental conditions cause various disorders in the body, as a result of which a person can get sick and even die. It is very important to study your environment in order to improve its ecological conditions.) ) If we are destined to breathe the same air, Let us all unite forever. Let's save our souls. Then we on Earth will save ourselves!(N. Starshinov) Literature

Davidenko I.V. The land is your home. M., Nedra. 1984
Ivin M. To live. M, Children's literature, 1974.
Ivanova TV Ecological education of rural schoolchildren. Smolensk 2001
Kriksunov E. A. Ecology. Bustard 1995
Biology at school No. 7, No. 5 2000
Biology at school No. 1 2001, No. 6 1999
Geography at school №3 1998
Researches of sanitary and hygienic laboratory the city of Pochinok.

The project was made by

Mikhalchenkov K. O.

10th grade student

Mikhalchenkova L. N.

Geography teacher

Skopinova N. N.

IT-teacher

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