Apricot Manchurian tree: photo, description, care. Ornamental shrub Manchurian apricot Manchurian apricot reviews

Where would this sunny fruit come from in the vastness of Russia - in Siberia, the Urals, the Middle Zone and even the North-West? Attempts to import southern seedlings and sow seeds from fruits from store shelves do not give sustainable results - 30-40 degree frosts leave no trace of these attempts.

Rootstocks such as sand and felt cherry, plum, sloe, cherry plum do not allow achieving high biological compatibility, and as a result, long life of trees. What is also important is that they spoil the taste of the grafted varieties. On the advice of Valery Zhelezov, let distantly related rootstocks remain for experimental breeders, but we need to grow trees on intraspecific rootstocks with high biological compatibility with cultivated varieties.

Where can you get this vital rootstock, you say? It turns out that in the Hills of the Far East the so-called Manchurian apricot has been preserved from the glacier and is still growing and bearing fruit.

These apricot forests are located in remote places of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, where no human has set foot for a long time. This mountain range divides Primorye into 2 parts - facing Pacific Ocean and the opposite, which has a slope towards the continent - this is where the bulk of the ancient Manchurian apricot forests grow. This is the answer to the question about the frost resistance of the Manchurians growing there. Slopes facing the continent are more influenced by the harsh continental climate than by the soft and humid coastal climate.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Michurin drew attention to the valuable properties of Ussuri stone fruits and pome trees with high frost resistance. They don’t care about temperatures of minus 40–45 degrees Celsius; for example, mountain and rock forms of Manchurian apricot growing in crevices can withstand minus 50-56 degrees Celsius without damaging flower buds. In addition, these are fast-growing and productive crops; their seedlings begin to bear fruit from 3-4 years of age.

These parameters determine great prospects for the promotion of apricot culture to the West and North. There are also places in the Far East where apricots have adapted to annual floods, flooding and close groundwater levels.

Over the past five years, Yuri Vasilyevich Brodsky has organized seven amateur expeditions to discover the genetic diversity of stone fruit and other fruit plant species in areas where the local population has lived over the past 200 years. It turned out that the Pogranichny and Ussuri regions, right up to the border with China, are most saturated with the variety of forms of Manchurian apricot. The southern slopes of the rocky hills are covered in places with independent apricot groves.

These places are difficult to access, the first expeditions were made on off-road vehicles, then we had to rent a helicopter because... Repairing jeeps after such attacks was very expensive.

A hundred years is not an age for an apricot!

There are trees that are well over a hundred years old, up to twelve meters high, bloom at the ends of the branches and produce a harvest every year. These are charred giants at the base of whose trunks a layer of pit remains has accumulated over many years. In individual apricots, there are two or three stumps from which a younger apricot trunk has grown, because the Manchurian apricot has a gigantic regenerative ability.

Manchurian apricot ancient giant

Manchurian apricot, in its wild form, occupies well-lit rock screes, the ridges of the Southern and Middle Sikhote-Alin hills. Huge trees, up to 15 meters in height and fifty cm in diameter, with dark gray cork bark, live well over a hundred years. Young shoots are bare, green or brown. The flowers bloom very early, before the leaves bloom. From white to light pink. The flowering every spring is so abundant that it seems that the tops and slopes of the hills are covered with a pink blanket. The fruits are set mainly at the tops of the branches. They are small, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, yellow, sometimes with a slight pink blush, with juicy flesh, sweetish-sour, sometimes bitterish taste. The kernel is bitter and contains hydrocyanic acid and amygdalin.

After flowering in April-May, apricot bears fruit already in July, and late varieties already in August. Apricot grows singly or in groups among small bushes and colonizes the rocky southern exposures of the hills.

What explains such close attention to the Manchurian apricot and its bloodlines? It turns out that they are the ancestors of many winter-hardy, drought-resistant varieties of cultivated apricot and in the 21st century began a victorious march in the Northern territory of the Far East, southern Siberia, Khakassia, Southern Urals, South Sakhalin. The apricot became widely introduced into culture as the Far East and Siberia were populated, remaining to this day the most beloved and widespread garden tree.

Academician Kazmin said - “So that your life goes uphill, and not downhill, grow apricots.”

Apricot is the fruit of the emperor, it is a low-calorie fruit, the consumption of which makes it possible to maintain efficiency and a clear mind until old age. Even 10,000 years ago, the imperial fruit, the apricot, was included in many recipes for the treatment of diseases of the human body. By eating 20 fruits three times a day, a person can get rid of hypertension and cleanse the body of toxins. Dietary fruits contain large quantities of antioxidants and are extremely useful in the treatment of heart disease. vascular diseases. Helps resist cancer and various infections.

The following issues will tell how, based on these Manchurians, a huge variety of varieties and forms of cultivated and large apricots were obtained.

The article is based on the stories of bioecologist Yuri Vasilyevich Brodsky from Dalnerechensk and photographs by Vladimir Polyansky, Vladivostok, Primorsky Territory.

Manchurian apricot is the basis of the apricot orchard. Article from the series: What is the success of growing apricots in Russia based on? Manchurian apricot, ancient trees. Part 1. Where would this sunny fruit come from in the vastness of Russia - in Siberia, the Urals, the Middle Zone and even the North-West? Attempts to import southern seedlings and sow seeds from fruits from store shelves do not give sustainable results - 30-40 degree frosts leave no trace of these attempts. Rootstocks such as sand and felt cherry, plum, sloe, cherry plum do not allow achieving high biological compatibility, and as a result, long life of trees. What is also important is that they spoil the taste of the grafted varieties. On the advice of Valery Zhelezov, let distantly related rootstocks remain for experimental breeders, but we need to grow trees on intraspecific rootstocks with high biological compatibility with cultivated varieties. Where can you get this vital rootstock, you say? It turns out that in the Hills of the Far East the so-called Manchurian apricot has been preserved from the glacier and is still growing and bearing fruit. These apricot forests are located in remote places of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, where no human has set foot for a long time. This mountain range divides Primorye into 2 parts - facing the Pacific Ocean and the opposite, which has a slope towards the continent - this is where the bulk of the ancient Manchurian apricot forests grow. This is the answer to the question about the frost resistance of the Manchurians growing there. Slopes facing the continent are more influenced by the harsh continental climate than by the soft and humid coastal climate. At the beginning of the 20th century, Michurin drew attention to the valuable properties of Ussuri stone fruits and pome trees with high frost resistance. They don’t care about temperatures of minus 40–45 degrees Celsius; for example, mountain and rock forms of Manchurian apricot growing in crevices can withstand minus 50-56 degrees Celsius without damaging flower buds. In addition, these are fast-growing and productive crops; their seedlings begin to bear fruit from 3-4 years of age. These parameters determine great prospects for the promotion of apricot culture to the West and North. There are also places in the Far East where apricots have adapted to annual floods, flooding and close groundwater levels. Over the past five years, Yuri Vasilyevich Brodsky has organized seven amateur expeditions to discover the genetic diversity of stone fruit and other fruit plant species in areas where the local population has lived over the past 200 years. It turned out that the Pogranichny and Ussuri regions, right up to the border with China, are most saturated with the variety of forms of Manchurian apricot. The southern slopes of the rocky hills are covered in places with independent apricot groves. These places are difficult to access, the first expeditions were made on off-road vehicles, then we had to rent a helicopter because... Repairing jeeps after such attacks was very expensive. A hundred years is not an age for an apricot! There are trees that are well over a hundred years old, up to twelve meters high, bloom at the ends of the branches and produce a harvest every year. These are charred giants at the base of whose trunks a layer of pit remains has accumulated over many years. In individual apricots, two or three stumps are observed from which a younger apricot trunk has grown, because the Manchurian apricot has a gigantic regenerative ability. Manchurian apricot, an ancient giant, Manchurian apricot, in its wild form, occupies well-lit rock screes, the ridges of the hills of the Southern and Middle Sikhote-Alin. Huge trees, up to 15 meters in height and fifty cm in diameter, with dark gray cork bark, live well over a hundred years. Young shoots are bare, green or brown. The flowers bloom very early, before the leaves bloom. From white to light pink. The flowering every spring is so abundant that it seems that the tops and slopes of the hills are covered with a pink blanket. The fruits are set mainly at the tops of the branches. They are small, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, yellow, sometimes with a slight pink blush, with juicy flesh, sweetish-sour, sometimes bitterish taste. The kernel is bitter and contains hydrocyanic acid and amygdalin. After flowering in April-May, apricot bears fruit already in July, and late varieties already in August. Apricot grows singly or in groups among small bushes and colonizes the rocky southern exposures of the hills. What explains such close attention to the Manchurian apricot and its bloodlines? It turns out that they are the ancestors of many winter-hardy, drought-resistant varieties of cultivated apricot and in the 21st century began a victorious march in the Northern territory of the Far East, southern Siberia, Khakassia, the Southern Urals, and Southern Sakhalin. The apricot became widely introduced into culture as the Far East and Siberia were populated, remaining to this day the most beloved and widespread garden tree. Academician Kazmin said: “So that your life goes uphill, and not downhill, grow apricots.” Apricot is the fruit of the emperor, it is a low-calorie fruit, the consumption of which makes it possible to maintain efficiency and a clear mind until old age. Even 10,000 years ago, the imperial fruit, the apricot, was included in many recipes for the treatment of diseases of the human body. By eating 20 fruits three times a day, a person can get rid of hypertension and cleanse the body of toxins. Dietary fruits contain antioxidants in large quantities and are extremely useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Helps resist cancer and various infections. The article is based on the stories of bioecologist Yuri Vasilyevich Brodsky from Dalnerechensk and photographs by Vladimir Polyansky, Vladivostok, Primorsky Territory.

The Manchurian apricot was bred at the Russian Research Center and is a species of plant in the plum genus. This plant is Far Eastern, but it can also be found in the south of Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok. The peculiarity of this plant is that it is listed in the Red Book.

The subspecies of this apricot, which can be found in Siberia and the central regions of the country, include such fruit varieties as Akbashevsky, Pervenets, Snezhinsky and others.

Basic description of the Manchurian apricot variety

This variety is famous for its frost resistance, because according to its characteristics it can withstand 30-degree frost. But at the same time, the plant is sensitive to sudden changes in temperature, which leads to various damage, such as the death of flowers.

The fruits ripen in mid-summer and flowering occurs annually. The light orange apricot takes on an oval shape and grows up to 4-5 cm in length, weighing about 20 g. The fruit tastes sour, but apricot jam or preserves are very tasty.

Appearance of the Manchurian Apricot variety

The Manchurian apricot is distinguished by a rather tall, dark brown trunk about 20 m long, the diameter of the trunk is 50 cm. The leaves of the tree are large, about 10 cm in length, and do not fall off until frost begins.

The main pests of this variety include mites, aphids and cherry borers. Special insecticides will help you deal with mites, copper-containing preparations with aphids, and potassium permanganate with cherry blossoms. Among the main diseases are spotting and verticellosis, which the drug “Hom” and a soap solution will help to cope with.

All about agricultural cultivation technology

Manchurian apricot is planted with a varietal seed to a depth of more than 1.5 cm. Planting is done in the fall. The probability of a healthy seedling emerging is quite high. If you care for it properly, then with a high degree of probability there will soon be a young tree in the garden. In a couple of years it will get stronger and the seedling can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Advice! The seeds retain their germination properties throughout the year. However, it is better to store them in water. In this case, the floating bones are immediately thrown away.

A growing tree needs to be watered about once a week, and an already formed plant - when the soil is completely dry. The type of soil is not so important. But you should pay attention to the amount of sunlight - there should be a lot of it. If groundwater comes too close to the roots, you should take care of the drainage system.

The Manchurian apricot tree does not require special care. But in the spring you need to prune dry and diseased branches every year.

The tree will begin to bear fruit five years after the seedling is planted.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of this variety include:

• productivity - about 40 kg of apricots can be harvested from one tree per year;
• ease of transportation of fruits;
• resistance to many pests and diseases;
• possibility of long-term storage of apricots.

The only disadvantage is that the taste of the fruit is not as sweet as that of other varieties.

This variety of apricots is planted in the Far East either as a fruit-bearing crop or for decorative purposes. The fact is that in appearance the mature tree is similar to Japanese Sakura (the tree has large pink flowers). Along with its decorative function, this apricot variety can serve as protection - thanks to its powerful roots, the tree will help strengthen coastline. Apricot Manchurian received many good reviews from summer residents and recommended for planting.

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Apricot Manchurian - photo on the left ( Prunus mandschurica, Armeniaca mandschurica) . It is a deciduous tree that grows in Eastern Siberia, northeast China, on Far East. Its maximum height is 10 - 15 meters. Manchurian apricot is grown not only as a fruit tree, but also decorative.

Manchurian apricot as an ornamental tree. It has a spectacular appearance in single and group plantings. Good for creating hedges. Wind-, smoke-, gas-resistant. Combines when planted in a group with conifers, birch, and oak. Thanks to its deep root system, it can be used to secure slopes and the banks of reservoirs.

Manchurian apricot as a fruit tree. The fruits are edible, but slightly sour and medium-juicy, so they are used to prepare desserts and are almost never consumed fresh. They ripen in the summer: July - August. The fruits themselves have a flattened oval shape, small size (about 2.5 cm), orange - yellow and pronounced pubescence. The kernels are used as an almond substitute.

Frost-resistant fruit varieties are hybrids. There are fruit varieties of Manchurian apricot, or rather hybrids of Manchurian and ordinary apricot, which have increased frost resistance, thanks to which they can be grown in the middle zone, in Siberia and the Urals; they can also be large-fruited or small-fruited. In particular, a hybrid of the Manchurian apricot and the common apricot is the East Siberian apricot with very tasty aromatic fruits, in no way inferior in taste to the southern species.

These varieties include: “Pikantny”, “Uralets”, “Pervenets”, “Akbashevsky”, “Honey”, “Chelyabinsky early”, etc.

Serrated leaves various shapes, lighter below, give the crown an openwork and decorative appearance. The shape of the leaves ranges from elongated-pointed to ovoid, broadly oval. Wider leaves are located on growth shoots. The leaves are red in autumn and remain on the tree for a long time (until severe frosts). The bark is dark gray, with deep cracks.

Manchurian apricot blossoms. Apricot blossoms are very decorative. The tree usually blooms at the end of May for 10 days. The flowers are pinkish-white or pink, have five petals and appear before the leaves, in groups or solitary. During flowering and fruit ripening, Manchurian apricot looks good next to coniferous trees, also in group plantings with birch and oak. The flowers emit a honey smell, and the tree belongs to the group of early honey plants. The flowering period coincides with the flowering of forsythia, Daurian rhododendron, and low almond.

Apricot Manchurian:frost resistance, planting,care, use. It is one of the most frost-resistant apricot species. Suitable for growing in central Russia, and in the conditions of St. Petersburg it can freeze slightly in harsh winters.

Landing. Unpretentiousness to soil is another important property of Manchurian apricot. It grows well even on rocky and calcareous soils, and grows naturally on mountain slopes and rocks. However, for planting it it is preferable to choose well-drained fertile loams. The tree is smoke and gas resistant, so it is not afraid of urban conditions and drought. The rapid growth of Munchurian apricot slows down somewhat over the years. It is better to choose a sunny location where more abundant fruiting is observed.

Care. Manchurian apricot is not difficult to care for. In central Russia, a tree can be watered in May - June, and then only in drought conditions. Prolonged drought causes slower growth and later ripening of fruits. Whitewashing the trunk can be done twice a year: late autumn and early spring. In principle, such care is recommended for all fruit trees. In the presence of damage and wounds, the trunk is first cleaned to an area of ​​healthy tissue and smeared with garden varnish. For proper formation of the tree crown and better yield, apricot needs pruning, which it tolerates well. Also, it should be remembered that Manchurian apricot is not a self-fertile tree, and therefore requires cross-pollination to obtain a good harvest. Therefore, there should be several additional varieties of apricot on the site, ideally 3 - 4 trees. The first fruiting is observed at 5 - 6 years of life, and with careful care and the absence of transplants - at 3 - 4 years. Fruiting occurs annually.

Usage . Manchurian apricot is decorative during the flowering and fruiting period. It invariably decorates gardens, city parks, and public gardens. Looks good both in single and alley, group plantings (next to coniferous plants, Mongolian oak, Manchurian birch, Amur linden, Amur velvet, etc.). Manchurian apricot can be planted along reservoirs to strengthen coastal soils, as well as slope soils, which it reliably protects from landslides. The fruits of this type of apricot are rarely eaten raw, but they are used to make aromatic jam, preserves or compote.