Basic terms and concepts of drill training. Drill training – Knowledge Hypermarket

1. In an unstressed position, the sound [o] is not pronounced. After hard consonants in the first pre-stressed syllable, as well as at the beginning of a word, [a] is pronounced in place of the letter O, for example: k[a]za - goats, [a]writing - inventory. Therefore, for example, the words oxen and valya, soma and sama are pronounced the same, although they are written differently.

2. After soft consonants in place of vowels, denoted by the letters e, e, i (i.e. sounds [e] [o] [a]), in an unstressed position a sound close to [i] is pronounced, for example: forest -l [and] juice, spring - in [and] sleep, dance-dance [and] sing. Therefore, the words dedicate - dedicate (from light and holy) are pronounced in the same way with a sound close to [and], although their spelling is different.

3. Paired voiced consonants, denoted by the letters b, v, g, d, zh, z, at the end of the word t before paired voiceless consonants, denoted by the letters p, f, k, sh, s and x, c, h, sch, become deaf (deafened), for example: oak -du[p], deftly-lo[f]ko, nail-no[k]ti, hike - lust[t], luggage - baga[sh], putty-putty[s ]ka, yesterday - [f]chera, cling - [f]cling, click - click [t]click.

5. The combination chn, as a rule, is pronounced in accordance with the spelling, for example: antique, eternal, country, swing, Milky Way, night, excellent, vicious, durable, accurate, etc. However, in some words the combination chn is pronounced as [shn], for example: horse[shn]o, skuk[shn]no, naro[shn]no, egg[shn]nitsa, laundry [shn]naya, etc.

6. The combination of honors, as a rule, is pronounced in accordance with the spelling, for example: mast, dream, something, insignificant, honor, read, consider. But in the words that, so that, something, something - that and derivatives from them, it is pronounced [pc], for example: [pc]o, [pc]oby, [pc]o - that, something - [pc]o

7. Double consonants are often found in foreign words, for example: cash desk, allocate. In some words they are pronounced as doubles, for example: bath, cash, mass, gamma, cappella, and in others as singles, for example: carefully, accompaniment, chord, assign, gram.

8. In many foreign words, e is written after consonants, and hard consonants are pronounced, for example: atelier - a[te]lie, atheist - a[te]ist, dandy - [de]ndy, muffler - kashne [ne], cafe - ka[fe], ground-par[te]r, resume - resume[me], stand -s[te]nd, masterpiece - she[de]vr. In the words: academy, decade, demagogue, demon, museum, plywood, overcoat - the consonant before e is pronounced softly.

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Plan Basic concepts of the orthoepic norm Some pronunciation rules Setting stress Glossary Literature

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Basic concepts Orthoepy (from the Greek orthos direct, correct and epos speech) is a set of rules of oral speech, pronunciation and stress, thereby ensuring a uniform and mandatory sound for all literate speakers of the language of all linguistic units in accordance with the characteristics of the language phonetic system, as well as uniform pronunciation of certain linguistic units in accordance with historically established pronunciation norms that have been established in public linguistic practice. The orthoepic norm is the only possible or preferred option for the correct, exemplary pronunciation of a word.

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Basic concepts Orthoepic norms: Pronunciation is the norm for reproducing sounds in a word. Pronunciation is determined by a phonetic system of vowels and consonants. It manifests such a property of sounds in the Russian language as reduction of unstressed vowels, deafening of consonants at the end and before voiceless ones, voicing of consonants before voiced ones: [maros] - frost, [smaska] - greasing, [maladba] - threshing. There is also a softening in front of soft sonorants and sonorants before sonorants and soft ones: koNchik, koNza, Perm, borshch. Pronunciation norms are based on the system of sounds of the Russian language, vowels and consonants.

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Basic concepts Stress - emphasizing a vowel sound with the strength of the voice (related to the grammatical properties of the word and its lexical meaning). Otherwise, the norm of stress is called Accentuation - correct accent in words. In the Russian language there is a complex system of mobile, varied stress. It can fall on any syllable and move when forming grammatical forms of a word. For example: water - water, accepted - accepted, the product is expensive - the thing is expensive. Each word has an accent on any of the syllables: fuel, cow, oatmeal.

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Basic concepts Orthoepic norms are recorded in spelling dictionaries of the Russian language and dictionaries of accents.

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Some pronunciation rules So, let us remind you that the pronunciation norms are based on the system of sounds of the Russian language, vowels and consonants. Their properties, the process of formation, and combinations affect pronunciation. The system of vowel sounds includes six units: a, o, e, u, s, and Orthoepic norms in the field of vowels are generally reflected in the book “A Brief Guide to the Modern Russian Language” / ed. P.A. Lekanta. In the modern Russian literary language, the norm is hiccup, akanye, that is, pronunciation after soft consonants in an unstressed position and, more precisely, i[e], and after hard a instead of o. An example of this would be the words: [ri[e]ka, ni[e]su, pi[e]tak, gorat] - river, carry, nickle.

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Some rules of pronunciation The system of consonant sounds includes large quantity units rather than vowels. It is customary to distinguish consonant sounds by: 1. By place of formation (this is the participation of the speech organs: lips, tongue, teeth - in the creation of a consonant sound): labial [f, v, m, p, b]; anterior lingual [s, z, w, g, l, n, r, t, d, c, h]: dental [s, z, l, n, t, d, c]; anterior palatal [w, g, r, h]; Middle lingual [th], Rear lingual – soft and hard [x, k, g]. 2. According to the method of formation (this is a method of overcoming an obstacle with an air stream): noisy consonants: [f, v, s, z, w, g, x], [p, b, t, d, k, g, c, h] ; sonorous [l, m, n, r].

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Some rules of pronunciation Pronunciation of combinations chn, cht: In modern Russian, words with the combination chn can be divided into 3 groups: Those that are pronounced only as [shn]: of course, boring, on purpose, laundry, birdhouse, bachelorette party, dvoechnik, mustard plaster, and also female patronymics starting with -chna Ilyinichna, Kuzminichna, Fominichna Those in which chn is pronounced only as [ch, n]: exactly, successful, dotted, camouflaged Those in which both pronunciations - [ch, n] and [shn] are considered normative ]: candlestick, bakery, maid, penny, decent.

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Some rules of pronunciation In some cases, pronunciation options distinguish between different lexical meanings: Heart attack [ch, n] - friend of the heart [sh] pepper shaker [ch, n] (vessel for pepper) - damn pepper shaker [sh] (about an angry, grumpy woman)

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Some pronunciation rules Pronunciation of soft [zhzh]: rain, squeal, hard [zhzh]: yeast. The sounds [d], [t] are not pronounced between [z], [n]: late, holiday, starry. In place of [h] before [n] in some words, [h] is pronounced; eternity, accurate, excellent student, stove maker, in others – [w]; mustard, poor student, of course, laundry, birdhouse, boring. In colloquial speech, such a pronunciation is either a violation of the literary norm: “If only everything from abroad would have to be brought from overseas...” Such a pronunciation can distinguish words by meaning: cordial - cordial, moloshnitsa - thrush, hawker - hawker. “But we, my dear, don’t have one, a samovar!”

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Some rules of pronunciation Another rule of pronunciation is associated with the sound [r] before a voiceless consonant. It is pronounced like [k]: tar, nails, lie down, aggravate, registry office. But in the roots light-/lighter, soft-/softly- it is pronounced [x] before [k], [h] and soft [x] before soft [k]: [light], [myahkaya]. In some words, [ge] is pronounced instead of [g]: accountant, Lord, yeah, by God. In addition to the listed interactions in the orthoepic norm literary language There is also assimilation of consonants in terms of voicedness and deafness: [kaba] - mowing, deafening of voiced consonants at the end: pillar [p], nail [t], haystack [k].

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Some rules of pronunciation Equally important are the orthoepic norms of borrowed words. They relate primarily to vowel sounds: unstressed [o], bolero, boa, dossier, cocoa, credo, radio, trio, foyer, etc. In proper names, the unstressed [o] is also pronounced Flaubert, Chopin. However, in this norm there are options: [paet] - [poet], [bolero] - [ballero].

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Some rules of pronunciation In most borrowed words, the pronunciation of [a] in an unstressed position corresponds to the norm of pronunciation of Russian words: [kastyum], [valleyball], [piano]. The pronunciation of the hard and soft consonant before “E” tends to be hard: antenna, business, delta, cafe, muffler, codex, model, hotel, puree, highway and others. Some words can be pronounced in two ways: deduction, dean, congress, credo. Only the consonants in the words are pronounced softly: brunette, museum, pioneer, rail, term, plywood, overcoat, terrorist, thermometer, demon, deputy, compress, watercolor. Other foreign words are distinguished by the pronunciation [e] at the beginning of the word: epigraph, equator, element, emotion, episode, erudition, standard, ether, stage, crew. Both a long and a short consonant can be pronounced inside a word: bath, vassal, ghetto, cash, lemma, madonna, manna, mass, sum, ton. The short consonant is more common and is pronounced in the words: certificate, attraction, pool, grammar, illusion, calligraphy, team, millimeter, parallel, platform, director.

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Setting stress Stress distinguishes words of the same sound and letter composition by meaning, lexical and grammatical, for example: flour - flour, drank - drank. There are also variants of emphasis: cottage cheese - preferable, cottage cheese - acceptable.

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Placing stress Stress is the emphasis of a syllable in a word with greater force in pronunciation and an increase in the duration of the sound. The vowel sound of a stressed syllable is pronounced more intensely and loudly and is called stressed; vowels found in unstressed syllables are unstressed.

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Setting stress In Russian, stress is free, i.e. it is not assigned to a specific syllable, de-re-vo, green, po-be-dit. When forming word forms, the stress can remain stationary (brother, brother, brother) or move from one syllable to another (sheet, sheet, leaves).

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Setting the stress Most words in the Russian language have one stress - the main one. However, in complex words there is also an additional (side) stress. Zheleznodorozhny, water and mud bath.

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Placing stress Various parts of speech have stress variations in some of their grammatical forms, which distinguishes two types of pronunciation in style and normativity. Let us pay attention to those forms of parts of speech that are more common in oral speech: 1) R.p., units. including monosyllabic nouns - pancake, bob, screw, tourniquet, umbrella, whale; 2) V.p., units. h. - tops, spring, gum, ash, hole, sheep; 3) P.p., g. R. with prepositions in, on - in a handful, on the door, in the bones, in the blood, in the night, on the stove, in communication, in the network, in the steppe, in the shadows, ; 4) R.p., plural. h., nouns - localities, honors, profits, statements; 5) verbs and past participles, g. R. - beat, shaved, blew, stung, laid, stole, winged, washed, crumpled, sewed, fell; taken away; 6) short plural adjectives. h. - pale, tasty, harmful, cheerful.

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Placing stress Errors in stress are common in these forms of verbs: after we turn on the scoreboard. If you turn on the TV at this time tomorrow, you will encounter this program. Such a root accent is considered by the modern norm not only as undesirable, but grossly erroneous. Correct: turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, connect, disconnect.

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Glossary Reduction (lat. reducire to reduce) - linguistic term, denoting a change in the sound characteristics of speech elements felt by the human ear, caused by their unstressed position in relation to other stressed elements. A sonorant consonant (from the Latin sonorus “sonorous” formed, pronounced with a predominance of the voice over the noise) are sounds produced without the participation of turbulent air flow in the vocal tract (such as /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/ ). Norma (lat. norma - literally “square”, figurative meaning"rule") - a regulatory rule indicating the boundaries of its application. Consonant deafening is the transition of voiced consonants to voiceless ones at the end of words or before voiceless consonants. Phone ma (ancient Greek φώνημα - “sound”) is the minimum unit of the sound structure of a language.

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Literature: Russian language and speech culture for students of non-philological specialties at universities. Tutorial/ Comp. O.Yu. Car; NovSU named after. Yaroslav the Wise. - Veliky Novgorod, 2009. – 283 p. www.wikipedia.org www.edu.1september.ru www.langrus.ru

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“The Russian language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and capacious.” A.I.Kuprin

Orthoepy is a set of rules establishing uniform pronunciation individual sounds, combinations of sounds, grammatical forms and individual words.

1. Pronunciation of vowels a) reduction: a quantitative and qualitative change in the pronunciation of a sound in the stream of speech, depending on how far it is from the stressed syllable. b) absence of /o/ in an unstressed position: milk - m/a/l/a/ko gold - zol/a/t/a/ dear - d/a/r/a/g O y.

c) transition of /и/ to /ы/ in the position after hard consonants: without/ы/glay d) pronunciation of /ы/ after /ж/, /ш/, /ц/: Ж/ы/т, Ш/ы/ t e) hiccup: v/a/da, p/a/et hiccup: l/i/aunt hiccup: to burn, losh/s/dey

2. Pronunciation of consonants a) mandatory softening of consonants before /i/ and before /e/: /s/iny, /s/ery, but sir b) deafening of consonants at the end of a word: goro(t), sa(t)

c) assimilation of consonants to the quality of the subsequent sound on the basis of softness/hardness, dullness/voice: /s/neg, /f/se, pro/z/ba

d) combinations of chn as sh: bulo/sh/aya and bakery, milk and milk/sh/y, wheat/sh/y and wheat, lavo/sh/ik and shopkeeper, bakery and bulo/sh/aya, plum/sh /oe and creamy, ya/sh/eva and barley, but kone/sh/o, sku/sh/o, yai/sh/itsa

e) in the indefinite form of the verb in place -tsya is pronounced -tstsa: smile/tsts/a, developing/tsts/a f) the combination of letters zzh is pronounced as a double soft /zhzh/: leaving-uezhzhayu reins-reins

3. Pronunciation of borrowed words a) hard consonants before e: in words denoting concepts of foreign life: peer, mayor, dandy, cottage, cocktail, constable; V proper names, last names: Chopin, Flaubert, Voltaire, Lafontaine; in terminology: interview, modernization.

b) before [e], the consonants are softened if the borrowed words have already been mastered in the Russian language: k[r"]em, aka[d"]emiya, faculty[t"]et, mu[z"]ey, shi[n"]el c) the consonants g, k, x are always softened before [e]: ma[k"]et, [g"]eyzer, [k"]egli, s[x"]ema

Stress is the emphasis of a syllable in a word with greater pronunciation force and increased duration.

1 . Distinguishes different words: castle O k - zAmok, torment A - m Uka, coward Et - tr U sit, pozhuzhennyy - submerged 2. Distinguishes the forms of different words: nosh U - n O shu, circle I - circles, arrow I - arrows, protein I - whites

3. Distinguishes the forms of one word: kos I te - k O sieve, nose I te - n O sieve 4. Distinguishes functional and stylistic options: laurel O vy leaf - family of L A vrovs (scientific)

1. Variation of stress: sister, slowly, lie down, pharmacy, optics, clinic, dental

2. Mobility of the accent bandage - bandage doctor - doctor treat - treat, cure leaf - sheet, leaves

1. Patients of the fifteenth, sixteenth and nineteenth wards, please take your medications at exactly twelve o’clock (from the announcement at the nurse’s post) 2. First of all, my intention is to deal with you, my dear, and only then with all the documents, diets, gastroscopy, dysentery (from a conversation between a doctor and a patient)

3. Chronic coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels of the heart, angina pectoris at rest and stress. Post-infarction cardiosclerosis (from diagnoses).

Whooping cough, analgin, anatomist, biopsy, endoscopy, aches, obituary, muteness, force, means, catalog, surgery, spoiled, hospital, contract, camphor, pantry, relieve, anamnesis, fear, orthopedics, block, life support, sealed, calling, miserable, intercede.

Adequate, adenoids, watercolor, anesthesia, benefit, prodigy, detective, delicacy, and identical, interview, boarding school, computer, cream, laser, press, sweater, sepsis, tempo, timbre, thermos, dash, chimpanzee, stamp.

the stress falls on A the stress falls on O the stress falls on E the stress falls on I anatomist biopsy treaty means phenomenon conspiracy nap beet hex more beautiful an A tom z A conspiracy n A talk dogs Or fen O men catal O g drows O thalom O ta means of sv e kla kras Ivee biops I

Yuminova E.V. We master the norms of pronunciation and stress. /Russian language, No. 07, 2010. P.10-17 Dotsenko S.P. And now about the emphasis - http://rus.1september.ru Narushevich A.G. Methods of preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language: lesson planning, lesson organization, exercise system. Lecture No. 1. Phonetics. Graphic arts. Orthoepy. /Russian language, No. 17, 2011. P.5-14. Complete reference book on the Russian language. Spelling. Punctuation. Orthoepy. Vocabulary. Grammar. Stylistics: N. N. Solovyova - St. Petersburg, Onyx, Astrel, Mir and Ob, 2011 - 464 p. Russian language. Grade 10. Speech norms. "Speak so I can see you." Textbook: N. A. Senina, T. N. Glyantseva, N. A. Gurdaeva - St. Petersburg, Legion, 2014 - 272 p.

| Material for the section “Fundamentals of Military Service” for preparation for practical training on the basis of a military unit | Drill

Basics of life safety
Grade 10

"Fundamentals of military service."
Preparation for practical training at a military unit

Drill

The performance of drills and movements without weapons and with weapons, formations of subunits and units, the order of military greetings, the duties of military personnel before formation and in formation, methods of movement of military personnel on the battlefield are determined by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Before formation and in ranks, a serviceman is obliged to:

Check the serviceability of your weapon, the weapons assigned to it and military equipment, ammunition, personal protective equipment, entrenching tools, uniforms and equipment;
carefully tuck in the uniform, put on and fit the equipment correctly, help a friend eliminate any noticed deficiencies;
know your place in the ranks, be able to quickly take it without fuss; while moving, maintain alignment, the established interval and distance; comply with safety requirements; do not disable (the machine) without permission;
in the ranks, do not talk or smoke without permission; be attentive to the orders and commands of your commander, carry them out quickly and accurately, without interfering with others;
transmit orders and commands without distortion, loudly and clearly.

The order of performing drill techniques and movement without weapons is given in Table 7 and Figure 45.

Performing a military salute without weapons on the spot and on the move

The military salute is performed clearly and bravely, with strict adherence to the rules of drill and movement..

To perform a military greeting on the spot out of formation and without headdress, 3-4 steps before the commander (senior), you need to turn in his direction, take a formation stance and look into his face, turning your head after him. If the headdress is worn, then, in addition, you need to put your right hand to the headdress in the shortest possible way so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headdress (at the visor), and the elbow is on the line and height of the shoulder. When turning the head towards the boss (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged (Fig. 46, a).

When the chief (senior) passes the person performing the military salute, he turns his head straight and lowers his hand.

To perform a military salute while moving out of formation and without headdress, three or four steps before the commander (senior), you need to simultaneously stop moving your arms while placing your foot on the ground, turn your head in his direction and, continuing to move, look into his face. Having passed the boss (senior), you need to turn your head straight and continue moving your hands. When wearing a headdress, simultaneously with placing your foot on the ground, you need to turn your head and put your right hand on the headdress, and left hand hold motionless at the hip. Having passed the boss (senior), simultaneously with placing your left foot on the ground, turn your head straight and lower your right hand (Fig. 46, b).

When overtaking a superior (senior), the military salute must be performed with the first step of overtaking. With the second step, put your head straight and lower your right hand.

If the hands are occupied with a burden, the military salute is performed by turning the head towards the commander (senior).

Squad and platoon formations

Formation refers to the placement of military personnel, units and units established by the Charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles.

The system may be deployed and marching.

In a deployed formation, units are built on the same line along the front in a single-rank or double-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander.

In marching formation, a unit is formed in a column or units in columns are built one after another at distances established by the Charter or the commander.

The formation of a squad and platoon can be done in deployed formation or marching formation.

Line It can be single or double rank. In turn, single-rank or double-rank systems can be closed or open.

In close formation military personnel in ranks are located along the front from one another at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows.

In open formation, military personnel in ranks are located along the front, one from the other, at intervals specified by the commander.

The formation of a squad and platoon in marching formation is carried out by command “Squad (platoon), in a column of two (three) - stand up”.

The marching formation of a squad can be in a column of one or two, and of a platoon - in a column of one, two, three or four.

The formation of a squad and platoon in a single-rank (double-rank) formation is carried out by command “Squad (platoon), stand in one rank (two ranks)”.

A military greeting in the ranks is performed on the spot by command “Squad (platoon), at attention, alignment to the right (left, middle)”, when the boss approaches 10-15 steps.

The servicemen take a drill stance, at the same time turn their heads to the right (left) and follow the commander with their gaze, turning their heads after him.

When the commander approaches from the rear of the formation, the commander turns the squad (platoon) in a circle, and then gives the command to perform a military salute.

To perform a military greeting in formation while moving 10-15 steps before the commander, the commander commands: “Squad (platoon), attention, alignment to the right (left)”. By command "At attention" all military personnel move to a combat step, and on command "Alignment to the right (left)" at the same time turn their heads towards the boss and stop moving their hands.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” Formations and their management Responsibilities of commanders and military personnel before the formation and in the formation

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” Formation is the placement of military personnel, units and units established by the Charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC "Drill training" Line - a formation in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Formation Preparation” Flank – the right (left) end of the formation. When the formation rotates, the names of the flanks do not change.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE “Drill Training” EC Front – the side of the formation towards which the military personnel are facing.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Formation Preparation” The back side of the formation is the side opposite to the front.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS of the EC “Combat training” Interval is the distance along the front between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC "Combat Training" Distance - the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), units and units.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC “Formation Preparation” The width of the formation is the distance between the flanks.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC “Drill training” Formation depth is the distance from the first rank (the soldier standing in front) to the last rank (the soldier standing behind).

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Drill training” Double-ranked formation is a formation in which military personnel of one rank are positioned behind the head of military personnel of another rank at a distance of one step (an outstretched arm placed with the palm of the hand on the shoulder of the soldier in front). The ranks are called first and second. When the formation is rotated, the names of the ranks do not change.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC "Drill training" Row - two military personnel standing in a two-rank formation behind each other's heads. If the soldier in the first rank is not standing behind the head of the soldier in the second rank, he is called incomplete. When turning a two-rank formation in a circle, a soldier in an incomplete row moves into the line in front

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC “Drill training” In close formation, military personnel in ranks are located along the front from one another at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows. In open formation, military personnel in ranks are located along the front from one another at intervals of one step or at intervals specified by the commander.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Formation Training” Column is a formation in which military personnel are located behind each other’s heads, and units (vehicles) are located one after another at distances established by the Charter or the commander. Columns can be one, two, three, four or more. Columns are used to build units and units in deployed or marching formation.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC "Formation Preparation" Deployed formation - a formation in which units are built on the same line along the front in a single-rank or double-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Formation Training” Marching formation is a formation in which a unit is built in a column or units in columns are built one after another at distances established by the Charter or the commander. The marching formation is used for the movement of units when marching, marching in a solemn march, singing, and in other necessary cases.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Drill training” The guide is a serviceman (unit, vehicle), moving as the lead in the indicated direction. The rest of the military personnel (units, vehicles) coordinate their movement according to the guide.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF EC “Drill training” The trailing one is the soldier (unit, vehicle) moving last in the ranks.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Formation Preparation” Formation control is carried out by commands and orders, which are given by the commander by voice, signals and personal example, and are also transmitted using technical and mobile means. Commands and orders can be transmitted along the column to unit commanders (senior vehicles) and designated observers. In the ranks, the senior commander is located where it is more convenient for him to command. The remaining commanders give commands, remaining in the places established by the Charter or the senior commander. Commanders of units from a company and higher in the marching formation of a battalion and regiment are allowed to leave the ranks only to issue commands and check their execution.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Drill Training” The preliminary command is given clearly, loudly and protractedly, so that those in the ranks understand what actions the commander requires of them. At any preliminary command, military personnel in formation take a formation stance, while moving they move to a formation step, and outside the formation they turn towards the commander and assume a formation stance. When performing techniques with weapons, the name of the weapon is indicated in the preliminary command, if necessary. For example: "Vending machines on - CHEST." “Machine guns on - re-MEN”, etc.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS of the EC “Combat training” Executive team (printed in the Charter large print) is given after a pause, loudly, abruptly and clearly. When an executive command is given, it is carried out immediately and accurately. In order to attract the attention of a unit or individual serviceman, the name of the unit or the rank and surname of the serviceman is, if necessary, mentioned in the preliminary command. For example: "Platoon (3rd platoon) - STOP." "Private Petrov, cru-GOM." The voice when giving commands should be proportionate to the width and depth of the system, and the report should be pronounced clearly, without a sharp rise in voice.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” Commands relating to all units are accepted and immediately executed by all unit commanders and commanders (senior) of vehicles. When transmitting a command by signal, the “ATTENTION” signal is first given, and if the command relates to only one of the divisions, then a signal indicating the number of this division is given. Readiness to accept a command is also indicated by the “ATTENTION” signal. Receipt of the signal is confirmed by repeating it or giving the appropriate signal to your unit.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE “Drill Training” EC To cancel or stop performing a technique, the command “RESET” is given. This command returns to the position that was before the technique was performed.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Drill Training” During training, it is allowed to perform the drill techniques specified in the Charter and move along divisions, as well as with the help of preparatory exercises. For example: “Machine gun to the chest, in divisions: do it ONE, do it TWO, do it THREE.” “To the right, by division: do it ONCE, do it TWO.”

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” When forming national teams, they are drilled into units. For calculation, military personnel line up in a single-rank or double-rank formation and are calculated according to the general numbering, as specified in Art. 85. After this, depending on the size of the team, companies, platoons and squads are sequentially calculated and commanders of these units are appointed. To participate in parades, as well as in other cases, a unit, by order of the commander, can be built in a common column of three, four or more. In this case, the construction is carried out, as a rule, by height. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” When issuing commands for units of military branches and special forces, instead of the names “squad”, “platoon”, “company”, “battalion” and “regiment”, the names of units and units adopted in the military branches and in special forces types of the Armed Forces.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” Responsibilities of commanders and military personnel before formation and in the ranks: Responsibilities of the commander Responsibilities of military personnel

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Drill training” The commander is obliged to: indicate the place, time, order of formation, uniform and equipment, as well as what kind of weapons and military equipment to have; appoint an observer if necessary; check and know the availability of subordinates of your unit (unit), as well as weapons, military equipment, ammunition, personal protective equipment and entrenching tools; check appearance subordinates, as well as the availability of equipment and its correct fit; maintain formation discipline and demand accurate execution by units of commands and signals, and by military personnel of their duties in the formation; when giving commands on foot, take a combat stance on the spot; when building units with weapons and military equipment, carry out an external inspection of them, as well as check the presence and serviceability of equipment for transporting personnel, the correct fastening of the transported (towed) material and the stowage of property; remind personnel safety requirements; When driving, observe the established distances, speeds and traffic rules.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE EC “Combat Training” A serviceman is obliged to: check the serviceability of his weapon, the weapons and military equipment assigned to him, ammunition, personal protective equipment, entrenching tools, uniforms and equipment; carefully tuck in the uniform, put on and fit the equipment correctly, help a friend eliminate any noticed deficiencies; know your place in the ranks, be able to quickly take it without fuss; while moving, maintain alignment, the established interval and distance; comply with safety requirements; do not disable (the machine) without permission; in the ranks, do not talk or smoke without permission; be attentive to the orders and commands of your commander, carry them out quickly and accurately, without interfering with others; transmit orders and commands without distortion, loudly and clearly.

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