What animals live in the forest? What animals live in the surrounding forests of the village of Bolshaya Kosul? Animals that live in the forest.

From September 15 to 17, Russia celebrates one of the largest ecological holidays- Russian days of the forest. As you know, forests are not only the lungs of the planet and a pantry of various berries, mushrooms and medicinal herbs, but also home to many amazing animals. In this regard, we are telling you about some rare animals that live in Russian forests.

1. Musk deer.

This small deer-like animal with fangs lives in the mountain coniferous forests of the Sayans, Altai, Transbaikalia and Primorye. Despite its intimidating appearance, the musk deer feeds exclusively on vegetation. However, the musk deer is remarkable not only for this, but also for its attractive smell, which lures females for mating. This smell appears due to the musk gland located in the belly of the male next to the urogenital canal.

As you know, musk is a valuable component of various medicines and perfumes. And it is precisely because of him that the musk deer often becomes the prey of hunters and poachers. Another reason why this unusual animal is classified as an endangered species is the reduction in the boundaries of its range, which is associated with increased economic activity human (mainly with deforestation).

One of the solutions to the problem of preserving the view in wild nature is the farming of musk deer and the selection of musk from live males.

2. Japanese green dove.

This unusual bird is about 33 cm long and weighs about 300 grams and has a bright yellowish green color. It is common in Southeast Asia, but is also found in the Sakhalin region (Krillon Peninsula, Moneron Islands and the South Kuril Islands). The bird inhabits broad-leaved and mixed forests with an abundance of cherry and bird cherry trees, elderberry bushes and other plants, the fruits of which it feeds on.

The Japanese green dove is a rare species, and therefore little is known about its life. Today, scientists know that green doves are monogamous birds. They weave their nests from thin twigs and place them in trees at a height of up to 20 meters. It is believed that partners incubate eggs in turn for 20 days. And after that, helpless, downy chicks are born, who will learn to fly only after five weeks. However, pairs or flocks of green doves are rare in Russia, most often they are noticed one by one.

3. Far Eastern, or Amur leopards.

Even at the beginning of the 20th century, there were much more rare cats, and their range covered a considerable territory - the eastern and northeastern parts of China, the Korean Peninsula, the Amur, Primorsky and Ussuri Territories. However, in the period from 1970-1983, the Far Eastern leopard lost 80% of its territory! The main reasons then were forest fires and the conversion of forest areas for agriculture.

Today, the Amur leopard continues to lose its territory and also suffer from food shortages. After all, roe deer, spotted deer and other ungulates that this leopard hunts are killed in huge numbers by poachers. And since the Far Eastern leopard has beautiful fur, he himself is a very desirable trophy for poachers.

Also, due to the lack of suitable food in the wild, Far Eastern leopards are forced to go in search of food in reindeer farms. There predators are often killed by the owners of these farms. And to everything else, due to the small size of the Amur leopard population, it will be very difficult for representatives of the subspecies to survive during various disasters like a fire.

However, all this does not mean that the subspecies will disappear soon. Today there are still large areas of forest that are suitable habitat for the Amur leopard. And if these areas can be preserved and protected from fires and poaching, then the population of these amazing animals in the wild will increase.

Interestingly, Far Eastern leopards are the only leopards that have been able to learn to live and hunt in harsh winter conditions. In this, by the way, they are helped by long hair, as well as strong and long legs, which allow them to catch up with prey, moving through the snow. However, Amur leopards are not only good hunters, but also exemplary family men. After all, sometimes males stay with females after mating and even help them with raising kittens, which, in principle, is not typical of leopards.

4. Alkina.

These butterflies live in the south-west of Primorsky Krai and are found along streams and rivers in mountain forests, where the fodder plant of caterpillars of the species grows - the Manchurian liana kirkazon. Most often, male butterflies fly to the flowers of this plant, and females sit in the grass most of the time. Alcinoy females tend to linger on this plant to lay their eggs on its leaves.

Today, due to the disturbance of the habitat of kirkazon and its collection as a medicinal plant, its quantity in nature is decreasing, which, of course, affects the number of alkinoes. In addition, butterflies suffer because of their collection by collectors.

5. Bison.

Previously, these animals were widespread on the territory of the former USSR, but by the beginning of the 20th century they had survived only in Belovezhskaya Pushcha and the Caucasus. However, even there their numbers have been steadily declining. For example, by 1924 only 5-10 bison survived in the Caucasus. The main reasons for the reduction of bison were their extermination by hunters and poachers, as well as their destruction during hostilities.

The restoration of their numbers began in 1940 in the Caucasian Reserve, and now bison inhabit two regions in Russia - North Caucasus and the center of the European part. In the North Caucasus, bison live in Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Chechnya, Ingushetia and in the Stavropol Territory. And in the European part there are isolated herds of bison in the Tver, Vladimir, Rostov and Vologda regions.

Bison have always been inhabitants of deciduous and mixed forests, but avoided vast forest areas. In the Western Caucasus, these animals live mainly at an altitude of 0.9 - 2.1 thousand meters above sea level, often leaving the glades or treeless slopes, but never moving away from the forest edges.

By appearance the bison is very similar to its American relative - the bison. Nevertheless, it is still possible to distinguish them. First of all, the bison has a higher hump, longer horns and tail than the bison. And in the hot months rear end the bison is covered with very short hair (it even seems that it is bald), while the bison has the same length of hair all over the year at any time of the year.

The bison is listed in the Red Book of Russia as an endangered species and today lives in many reserves and zoos.

6. Fish owl.

This species inhabits the banks of rivers Far East from Magadan to the Amur region and Primorye, as well as on Sakhalin and the South Kuriles. The fish owl prefers to live in the hollows of old trees with an abundance of aquatic prey nearby, but old forests and hollow trees are often cut down, which inevitably forces these birds out of their habitats. In addition, fish owls are caught by poachers, and they often fall into traps during an attempt to pull the bait out of them. The development of water tourism on the Far Eastern rivers and, consequently, the increased disturbance of these birds gradually leads to a decrease in the number of eagle owls and prevents their reproduction. All this has led to the fact that today this species is under threat of extinction.

The fish owl is one of the largest owls in the world, and also the most major representative kind. Interestingly, these birds can hunt with two different ways. Most often, a fish owl looks out for fish, sitting on a stone in the river, from the shore or from a tree hanging over the river. Noticing the prey, the eagle owl dives into the water and instantly grabs it with sharp claws. And in the case when this predator tries to catch sedentary fish, crayfish or frogs, it simply enters the water and probes the bottom with its paw in search of prey.

7. Giant evening party.

This bat, the largest in Russia and Europe, lives in broad-leaved forests on the territory from the western borders of our country to the Orenburg region, as well as from the northern borders to the Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod regions. There they settle in hollows of trees by 1-3 individuals, in colonies of other bats(usually red and small evening).

The giant party is rare view, however, environmentalists do not know exactly what is the reason for their low numbers. According to the assumptions of scientists, the threat is the deforestation of broad-leaved forests. However, today there are no special measures for the protection of these animals, since it is not clear which measures will be effective.

Interestingly, these the bats they hunt large beetles and night butterflies, flying over forest edges and reservoirs. However, analysis of blood and droppings showed that these animals also feed on small birds during migrations, however, this has never been recorded.

8. Heavenly barbel.

In Russia, in the south of Primorsky Krai (in Terneisky, Ussuriysky, Shkotovsky, Partizansky and Khasansky regions), a beetle with a bright blue color lives. It lives in deciduous forests mainly in the wood of the greenskin maple. There, the female beetle lays eggs, and after about half a month, larvae appear. They develop in wood for about 4 years, and then, in June, the larva gnaws out the “cradle” and pupates. After about 20 days, the beetle emerges from the wood and immediately begins to reproduce. On this he will spend all his strength until the end of his life, which lasts only two weeks.

The celestial barbel is listed in the Red Book of Russia as a rare species, the number of which is declining. According to ecologists, the reason for this is deforestation and a sharp decrease in the number of green maple.

9. Himalayan, or white-breasted bear.

Ussuri white-breasted bear inhabits broadleaf forests Primorsky Krai, southern regions Khabarovsk Territory and southeastern part of the Amur region. Until 1998, it was listed in the Red Book of Russia as a small species, and today it is a hunting species. However, if in the 90s its population was 4-7 thousand individuals, now this bear is on the verge of extinction (its population is up to 1 thousand individuals). The reason for this was, first of all, deforestation and mass hunting. The latter, by the way, was discussed during the international environmental forum "Nature without Borders" in Vladivostok, after which in 2006 a decision was made in the Primorsky Territory to introduce restrictions on hunting the Himalayan bear during hibernation.

The white-breasted bear leads a semi-arboreal lifestyle: it gets food from trees and hides from enemies (these are mainly Amur tigers and brown bears). Almost the entire diet of this bear consists of plant foods, in particular nuts, fruits and berries, as well as shoots, bulbs and rhizomes. It also does not refuse to eat ants, insects, mollusks and frogs.

10. Black stork

A widespread, but rare species, the number of which is declining due to human economic activity, which manifests itself in the reduction of forests and the drainage of swamps. Today the bird is found in the forests from Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions to South Primorye. The black stork prefers to settle near water bodies in dense, old forests.

It is there, on old tall trees (and sometimes on rock ledges) that black storks build nests, which they will then use for several years. When the time comes to invite the female to the nest (around the end of March), the male fluffs up his white undertail and begins to emit a hoarse whistle. The eggs laid by the female (from 4 to 7 pieces) will be incubated by the partners in turn until after 30 days the chicks hatch from them.

Forests maintain the ecological balance on the planet. Shrubs and trees growing in them emit oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. Also, the forest is important for many species of animals that find food and shelter in it.

Characteristics of the forest fauna

Forests make up about 30% of total area sushi of the earth. They are of incredible value to life on the planet. Forests serve as a carbon store and play an important role in the fight against. They act as a watershed and are the source of many of the raw materials on which people depend. Probably supports the most . For example, a small patch of rainforest can be home to millions of insects, birds, animals, and plants. There are three main types of forest that make up the forest biome. This rainforests, temperate and boreal forests (also called).

boreal forests

Badger

A predator from the marten family is found in almost the entire territory of Eurasia, with the exception of Scandinavia. The body length of the animal varies between 60-90 cm, and average weight- 7-13 kg. Badgers live in high, dry areas, near water bodies or marshes. They arrange deep burrows with nests on the slopes of banks or ravines. The source of food is insects, small animals, as well as seeds, fruits and berries. By winter, the badger fattens up and hibernates. Life expectancy in nature is 10-12 years. natural enemies are bears, wolves and lynxes.

Sable

The home for the animal is the Eurasian taiga. Sable settles in forests where cedars and firs grow. The largest population is currently preserved only in Russia. The animal arranges its shelters on windfalls and in dense mossy forests. An adult individual weighs about one kilogram, the body length can reach more than 50 cm. Sable preys on rodents and. IN winter time animals often feed on carrion. In search of food, they run 3 km a day. Sable's competitors are the Siberian weasel and ermine.

Chipmunk

Chipmunks live in the dense forests of Eurasia and North America, giving preference to the edges of forests, and windbreaks. The body size without a tail is 18-25 cm, weight - 50-150 g. Animals are active, and at night they sleep. Chipmunks live alone, each individual builds a cozy shelter for himself. Near the dwelling there are small pantries with supplies. The source of nutrition is seeds, berries, mushrooms, nuts and herbs. Under natural conditions, chipmunks live no more than three years. The animal has many natural enemies: bear, sable, squirrel and fox. They also pose a danger predator birds and snakes.

Ussurian tiger

Which lives in the south of the Far East. The Ussuri tiger is the largest subspecies of the tiger. Body length with tail is 270-380 cm, weight can reach 300 kg. Despite their impressive size, tigers, like everyone else, move almost silently. The climate of the Far East is quite severe, so the animal has a thick coat. The main coat color is red, except for the belly and chest. Its entire surface is covered with black stripes. Tigers live alone, marking their territory by urinating on trees. The predator most often preys on wild boars, badgers, wolves and lynxes. Tigers skillfully catch fish, do not neglect small animals - frogs, mice, birds, as well as plants and fruits. For one meal, the animal is able to eat 30 kg of meat. In the wild, tigers live for about 15 years, they have no natural enemies.

hare

Hares live in the forests of Europe, Central Asia and Western Siberia. Rusaks were artificially settled in North America, Australia, New Zealand. The body length of an adult is 57-68 cm, weight - 4-6 kg. In summer, the animal's fur has a reddish-brown hue, brightens in winter. The tips of the ears remain black throughout the year. The hare hole is a depression under the roots of trees. In summer, hares feed on herbs, cereals and legumes. In winter, they eat willow branches, tree bark, and seeds. Catching an animal is not easy, it develops a speed of 60 km / h. The average life expectancy of European hares in nature is 6-7 years. Foxes and wolves are the most dangerous.

Elk

The range of moose is extended to the forests of Eurasia, the Caucasus and North America. They choose swampy taiga, river floodplains, burnt areas and lake shores. The body length of an adult is 2.4-3.2 m, weight - 360-600 kg. The horns of males resemble a shovel, the older the individual, the more processes on the horns. Moose is. In summer, they feed on the foliage of shrubs and herbaceous plants. An important role in the process of digestion is played by branch fodder and tree bark. The elk is well adapted to life in the harsh conditions of the taiga. Life expectancy in the wild is 15-25 years. Wolves and bears are natural enemies.

dispersed in certain habitats. Some prefer coniferous taiga, others live only in deciduous forests, and most of all in mixed stands with dense undergrowth, in which there is always food and shelter. Bear, sable, squirrel are typical inhabitants coniferous forests, for an elk, as well as for a white hare, the best fodder lands are young aspen and birch forests, a beaver definitely needs a reservoir in a forest stand of aspen, alder and willow. The favorite habitat of the wild boar in the south is floodplain thickets along the rivers. The marten prefers heavily cluttered areas of coniferous forest. Wolves make their lair among windblows and windbreaks near the water.

All animals in search of food move not only within the boundaries of any tract, but also migrate over long distances. The squirrel lives in summer in Siberia in larch forests, feeding on larch seeds, berries and mushrooms, and in autumn, when cedar dwarf nuts ripen on loaches high in the mountains, it migrates there.

To a certain category of forests, not only one kind of animal is confined, but a whole group of them, connected by one biological food chain. Thus, the wolf follows the roe deer and wild boar, the marten, sable and ermine follow the squirrel and mouse-like rodents, the weasel and ermine follow the rodents and the hay pika. Sometimes these connections are broken due to natural phenomena or ill-considered actions of a person. Where, for one reason or another, the number of moles decreases (prolonged flooding of floodplain forests, increased trapping of animals with traps), the damage caused by the larvae of the May beetle, which constitute the main food of the mole, sharply increases. In cases where plantings of valuable trees were fenced in to protect against hares, these plantations were killed by mice, since they were protected by a fence from animals that feed on mice: foxes, badgers and hedgehogs. A person must know a lot about the role of animals in the biological chain of forest life in order to reasonably intervene in it.

The number of mammal species that inhabit our forests is very large, but we will only get acquainted with those that are most likely to be encountered.

In forest clearings, clearings, on the edge of the forest and in gardens, you can see small piles of earth thrown out by the mole. This "basement" inhabitant rarely comes to the surface, he digs numerous long passages in which he hunts for worms and insect larvae. The mole is useful in that it destroys the larvae of the May beetle, and at the same time it is harmful, as it destroys beneficial earthworms and spoils the roots of plants. The mole stores a lot of live food, lightly biting the head of the worm. In the underground pantry, the mole keeps 100-300 earthworms in reserve.

The structure of the body of the mole is adapted for earthmoving - its body has a cylindrical shape, the head is pointed in front, the front short paws with wide brushes are turned palms back, the fingers with strong sharp claws are connected by a leathery membrane. With such spade paws, he easily loosens the soil, pushing the earth out of the passages with his head.

There are animals in the forest of the same order of insectivores as the mole, but more often living on the surface. These are earthmovers. They are, as it were, "semi-basement" residents, it is very rare to see them. Shrews feed on insects and their larvae; they build burrows in tussocks, under old stumps.

In dense forest cover, you can often see a hedgehog, although it is nocturnal, hunting only at night. Often you can meet a hedgehog in the daytime in the sun. Forest edges and gardens are his favorite habitats. The hedgehog brings from three to six blind, hairless cubs. After 2 months, they begin to live independently, but in the cold, not knowing how to settle well for the winter, they often die. Hedgehogs do not come out of hibernation until the frost ends. The hedgehog eats everything it can catch, from small insects, snails, centipedes to poisonous snakes. Do not work on the hedgehog and some strong poisons. In captivity, the hedgehog is gloomy and vicious.

forest mice, like their field counterparts, are harmful animals: they destroy tree seeds, gnaw at the bark of young trees, but at the same time they are the main food of valuable fur-bearing animals.

A real tree inhabitant is a squirrel, its whole life passes on trees. True, this animal sometimes descends to the ground for mushrooms and berries. Hats of porcini mushrooms, boletus, oil and especially a lot of mushrooms squirrels are planted on dry branches on the south side of the tree - preparing stocks for the winter. From the Arctic Circle almost to the Black Sea, from the Baltic to the Urals, in the Altai and Sayan mountains, where there are larch, cedar, spruce and pine forests, the squirrel can be found more often than any other forest dweller. Squirrels breed quite quickly, have two broods per summer, consisting of three to five cubs. They arrange nests from moss, dry leaves and dry grass in a fork of branches, sometimes in hollows.

eating in in large numbers coniferous seeds, nuts and acorns, gnawing tree trunks, the squirrel causes significant damage to the forest, in addition, it destroys bird nests, drinks the contents of eggs and destroys chicks. late autumn in the forest you can stumble upon heaps of scraps of fresh spruce and pine branches 10-12 cm long. This is the work of a squirrel. It also destroys flower buds. Having chosen the most dense, spreading spruce, and such trees bear fruit better than others, the squirrel runs along one of its horizontal branches, hooks onto it with its hind legs and, hanging its body, gnaws off a shoot with a flower bud, climbing onto a branch, eats a bud, and the shoot throws down . In 10 minutes, she manages to gnaw off up to 30 shoots. This devastation of the forest by squirrels continues until spring. If local squirrels are joined by numerous flocks of alien squirrels roaming from forests with a poor harvest of coniferous seeds, then almost not a single coniferous seed and flower buds of the future harvest remain in the forest.

Moose and goats live in our forests, and the horns shed by them should have been caught in the forest quite often, since they can be preserved for a long time. However, almost no one can boast of such finds. The horns disappear into the forest; a dog, a fox, a marten cannot completely destroy them; only the stomachs of rodents can assimilate such food. This is done not so much by mice as by squirrels; sometimes small goat horns and parts of bones were found in their nests.

The squirrel is an object of commercial hunting. The sums received from the sale of squirrel skins abroad constitute a significant share of the income in the fur trade.

In Siberia, the chipmunk is widespread in the forests - a reddish animal that looks like a squirrel, only smaller and with five black stripes along the back. Chipmunk's favorite places are thickets of bushes, windfall and deadwood along the banks of rivers and streams. A chipmunk digs a very convenient hole in the ground.

He lines the residential part of it with dry grass and leaves, in which the animal sleeps at night, spends hibernation, and keeps cubs. A chipmunk most often has five cubs. In the chipmunk hole there are one or two pantries for winter food supplies, as well as dead ends - latrines; in winter, chipmunks wake up from time to time and feed on winter supplies, so they need puffins.

In the spring, when the sun begins to warm up, the chipmunks crawl out of their holes, but they do not go far from them, and disappear into them at the slightest cold snap. If winter stocks are preserved in sufficient quantities, chipmunks take them out of their holes and lay them out in the sun to dry. Stocks in the hole sometimes reach up to 6 kg and consist of seeds of wild herbs, acorns, nuts, dried berries, apples and even mushrooms. In forests located near settlements, grains of wheat, oats, buckwheat, flax and sunflower appear in the stocks of chipmunks. Each type of product in a chipmunk is in a separate pile on a bed of dry grass.

A chipmunk's cheek pouches can hold no more than 10 g of grain, and in order to store 6 kg, he needs to go to the place of food and back 600 times. A one-way passage is sometimes measured 1-2 km, so the chipmunk has to work hard.

Chipmunk is very curious and trusting, which often causes his death. I had to observe the movement of squirrels and other animal species in a floodplain forest in the Altai Mountains, hiding behind a fallen cedar. A chipmunk ran along the trunk nearby and suddenly stopped, interested in rubber boots, which reflected the glare of the sun. Having descended onto another dead tree, the chipmunk looked at the boot for a long time, gradually moving towards it, then he approached, sniffed the boot and disappeared.

Chipmunks are living barometers: a few hours before the rain, they, sitting on a stump on their hind legs or on a fallen tree, make special sounds. They accurately predict summer-autumn floods in the mountains: they are the first to migrate from the river valleys many hours before they begin, while the rest of the inhabitants of the mountain forests are unaware of the danger and die in the flood. The chipmunk has many enemies among small predatory animals and birds of prey.

In the inner, less accessible parts of the forest, you can often find a white hare. In summer, his coat is dirty red-brown, by autumn the hairline sheds and grows a new, white one.

The white hare prefers dense thickets of deciduous shrubs. It is unpretentious, in winter it eats the bark of aspen and willow branches lying on the ground, almost never leaves the forest. This animal once served as an important object of commercial and sport hunting. Its population is small. The white hare has many enemies. Near settlements, domestic cats often exterminate newly born hares, usually sitting motionless for 2-3 days somewhere under a bush until their mother returns.

Once upon a time, from Karelia to the Caucasus, a valuable animal, the beaver, was widespread in forest rivers. Now this animal can be seen in reserves, zoological gardens and in some reservoirs. Beavers are found in the Berezinsky Reserve in Belarus, in Voronezh and in Kondo-Sosvinsky in the Trans-Urals. The latter used to occupy about 800 thousand hectares in the upper reaches of the Konda and Malaya Sos-va rivers, then in connection with the upcoming exploitation of forests and construction for this purpose railway The reserve was liquidated and recently re-established on an area of ​​about 350 thousand hectares.

Among the small forest predators weasel deserves attention, although it is difficult to detect because of its small size (body length 20 cm) and reddish-brown color in summer and white in winter. Weasel lives in hollows of trees, under heaps of stones, in mole holes, and in winter - closer to human habitation: in sheds and barns. Weasel is ubiquitous.

Weasel is very mobile, hunts day and night, is very voracious - the weight of food absorbed by it per day (10-15 mice) is equal to the weight of its body. Having eaten, she continues to catch mice and voles and leaves them untouched. More than 450 half-eaten rodents were found in the omette on the threshing floor. Weasel is an indispensable assistant to a person in the fight against rodents. Appearing indoors or on the estate, weasel exterminates all mice.

Weasel is not content with mice, its prey is made up of moles, young hares and rabbits, chickens, pigeons, larks, lizards, snakes, frogs, insects, chicks and eggs of birds nesting on the ground.

It is difficult to judge how useful or harmful caress in the forest; most zoologists find it useful. At the same time, being dexterous, bold and bloodthirsty, she is sometimes able to cling to the neck of a hazel grouse, partridge or black grouse sitting on the nest and bite through the carotid artery. Sometimes she stays on a flying bird until it falls to the ground.

In terms of lifestyle, it differs little from the weasel ermine. It surpasses it in size (body length 32-38 cm). Ermine prefers mountainous conditions. The color of the coat on the back and on half of the tail is reddish-brown in summer, white in winter, the lower part of the body is always white, the tip of the tail is black.

Two closely related species live in the forest: pine marten and sable. The pine marten is found in the forests of the European part of Russia and goes a little beyond the Urals to the Ob, the sable - in the Asian part and rarely goes to the western side of the Urals.

The marten's favorite habitats are old spruce and fir forests with windbreak, deadwood and hollow trees. Its main prey is protein. The nocturnal lifestyle allows the marten to take the sleeping squirrel by surprise. With a lack of large prey, the marten catches mice, birds, in summer it is content with berries, preferring mountain ash. This animal is rarely seen due to its nocturnal lifestyle and small numbers.

Sable currently lives only in Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, in the Amur and Ussuri taiga, and not entirely, but in significantly separated foci.

To preserve the livestock of this valuable animal, a complete ban on hunting it was introduced, which was lifted in 1941. Sable catching rates are limited. On fur farms, sable breeds in captivity.

In the Barguzinsky sable reserve on the shores of Lake Baikal and in Kronotsky in Kamchatka, sable lives and breeds in protected conditions. Here the sable is caught and relocated to other places where it once lived, but then was completely exterminated. This event, called reacclimatization, was successfully carried out in the mountains of the Altai Mountains, and the sobrl has already become an object of fishing there.

In the forest, a meeting with a fox is more likely - this obligatory character of fairy tales and fables, in which she acts as a crafty and cunning gossip. In fact, the fox is less cautious than the wolf, often falls into traps and traps, takes poisoned bait. The fox is no less curious, and perhaps even more inquisitive, than a chipmunk. In winter, she will definitely turn off her path if she notices something dark in the snow, and on occasion she will look at the edge if she sees a crow or a jackdaw that has flown onto the snow.

One experienced hunter (the region of Dedinov and Beloomut on the Oka), noticing this feature of the fox's character, came up with a hunting method that worked flawlessly - any mouse fox became his trophy. Seeing a fox looking for mice in the field, he put on a white camouflage robe and crawled under cover of the bushes in such a direction that the wind blew from the fox. At a fairly close distance from her, he began to throw up his hat from behind the bushes. After a while, the hunter's actions attracted the attention of the fox, and then, instead of a hat, he threw up a dead crow or jackdaw, so that it fell into an open place and was visible from afar. The fox slowly, in zigzags, and then crawling approached the subject of interest to her and inevitably fell under the shot

The fox is omnivorous: a mouse, a hare, a mole, a hedgehog, a black grouse, a partridge, a hazel grouse, chicks, a grasshopper, a May beetle, fish in shallow places and rifts, a snake, a lizard, a frog - everything suits her food. The fable "The Fox and the Grapes" is very close to the truth. In the Crimea, during the ripening period, grapes are the main food of the fox, it even sneaks into the places of its storage.

The fox either digs a hole herself, or captures part of the hole, or even the whole, from the badger. She is very unclean, the remnants of food always rot in her hole, and a clean badger fills up the passage with earth, fencing off the half of the hole occupied by the fox, and sometimes goes to a new place.

The offspring of the fox is not only numerous (5-10 cubs each), but also voracious. All the time the fox spends in search of prey, and by the end of summer it becomes thin, flat as a board, with tufts of wool on the sides. If the fox notices that its hole has been discovered by a person, it takes the children to another place.

Fox hunting is intensive, but due to the great adaptability of this animal, it is not on the verge of extermination. The unpretentiousness of the fox in food, subtle hearing (she hears the squeak of a mouse from afar), excellent sense of smell, combined with endurance in running (dozens of kilometers travel during the night) contribute to her survival. If necessary, the fox swims across the river and even climbs trees with a low crown.

Caught cubs quickly get used to a person and do not lose their attachment to him, even when they become adults.

The role of the fox in the forest is twofold: it is useful in the extermination of mouse-like rodents, valuable as a fur-bearing animal, but at the same time it is seriously harmful in forests where black grouse, capercaillie, duck, hazel grouse and hare are found. She has only two enemies - a man and a wolf,

The wolf looks like a big dog, only the ears always stick up or are pressed back, they never bend down, the tail is always lowered. The wolf settles everywhere, except for dense large forests: in the tundra and in the sandy desert, in the steppe and in the forest, in the lowlands and high in the mountains. The wolf's hearing is better than all the senses: you can't catch a sleeping wolf by surprise, he hears the slightest rustle unusual for the forest from afar. This predator is very mobile, it travels up to 70 km per night in search of prey. With such an energy expenditure, he is almost always hungry. The wolf attacks young deer and elk, catches hares, foxes, badgers, arctic foxes, marmots, does not disdain mice and chicks of birds nesting on the ground. In the forests to the south, the wolf eats berries, wild apples and pears. In winter, when it is difficult to get food, wolves drag dogs from settlements at night.

Wolves do not go in large packs: usually a wolf family consists of wolf cubs born this year - arrived and young wolves of last year - pereyarki.

Adult strong moose and wild boars are not afraid of wolves, and they do not dare to attack them. Only sick or weakened animals become their prey. A herd of domestic pigs, if there are still a few boars in it, repulses the attack of a predator. Wolves also do not attack a herd of cows - cows, having gathered in a circle, putting their horns forward, create a circular defense, and a herd of horses becomes their heads inward, successfully repulsing the attack of wolves with hooves. Therefore, single cows and horses become prey for wolves. In a flock of sheep, those really stupid animals, the wolf can wreak havoc: in the heat of an attack, he vomits right and left, and in a few minutes can kill several sheep. Such attacks now occur only where sheep graze most of the year. Shepherds and dogs are always on guard near the flocks.

In the second half of winter, wolves break into pairs, and each pair usually settles no closer than 10 km from the other. Wolf cubs will be born in five or six. Their father feeds them and the wolf until the cubs grow up. The she-wolf is a selfless mother and protects children even from humans. In captivity, wolf cubs are quickly tamed and strongly attached to people. Adult wolves in captivity, and sometimes in the wild, mate with dogs and give birth.

Wolves are exterminated by all available means, and not so much for the harm they bring, but according to a tradition that has been established for centuries. The wolf himself never attacks a person, and the harm from him is exaggerated by stories and tales of the distant past, when wolf packs roamed the snowy fields and copses. In pre-revolutionary Russia, wolves, indeed, in some areas were a scourge for livestock, especially sheep. The low, straw-covered peasant stables were covered in winter with snow up to the very roof, and through the thatched roof it was not difficult to get into the stable. In our time, in covered strong collective farms, livestock is no longer available to the wolf.

Wolves were completely exterminated in England and Scotland as early as the 18th century; there are no wolves in Germany, Denmark and Holland. In our country, the wolf is becoming a rare animal in the European part and is almost exterminated in the central regions. A wolf is needed in the forest - it contributes to the natural selection of animals, such as elk, destroying sick and weakened individuals. In my opinion, every forestry should be inhabited by a family of wolves, but its numbers should be regulated by employees of hunting supervision.

By including the wolf in the general natural complex of the forest landscape, we can restore the disturbed balance in the forest world. Here is what the American scientist Frank Darling writes in the article "Lands die with the death of trees": "The generally accepted opinion that wolves bring great harm is a psychological delusion, which nevertheless affects the fate of natural biotopes."

From the regions of the Far East in 1934 they were brought to European part countries raccoon dog. Here she found better feeding conditions than in her homeland, she multiplied strongly and turned out to be the most harmful animal in our forests. A raccoon dog destroys all living things that it can. Thanks to her exceptional instinct, she finds game where a wolf and a fox pass by prey, is not at all afraid of water, and destroys the nests of waterfowl and marsh birds. Very prolific: annually brings six to eight puppies, and even up to fifteen. The favorite hunting grounds of the raccoon dog are damp deciduous forests, floodplains with dense shrubs and tall grass, where many birds find shelter and nesting places.

Of the typically omnivorous wild animals in our forests, there are badger, wild boar and bear, but the likelihood of meeting them in an ordinary forest is extremely small, it is possible only in nature reserves and hunting farms. These animals are very rare, as in the past they were hunted immoderately.

The badger lives throughout the European part and in the southern strip of Siberia. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle. You can see him in the evening or early in the morning. It is easy to recognize a badger: on a white head, black stripes pass through the eyes and ears on both sides of the muzzle, getting lost at the back of the head. In the forest, on the slopes of ravines or hills, on their sunny side, the badger digs wonderful holes in the bushes. The main living chamber has several exits (sometimes up to eight) and vents for ventilation, and is very neat. The badger feeds mainly on roots, insects, snails, and earthworms. Previously, badger hunting was carried out for their meat, fat and skin, now it is taken under the protection of the law.

The boar, or wild pig, is the ancestor of the domestic pig. This strong beast shoulder height 90-95 cm, body length 1.5 m and weight 150-200 kg. The boar easily carries its heavy, well-knitted body on short, strong legs.

The lower and upper fangs of a male boar reach 14 cm in length, grow upwards, are strongly curved, very sharp, due to friction against each other, their ends, gradually sharpening, become thinner.

The wild boar knows how to stand up for himself, and the old male billhook is not afraid of any animal, except for the tiger. Boar attacks are lightning fast, injuries are severe and even fatal. The boar itself never takes the initiative to attack unless circumstances force it to. He is omnivorous, can live everywhere, except for places where there are deep snows. The wild boar lives in the south of Russia, in the Transcaucasus and in the Central Asian republics. It was also brought to the central regions of the European part of the country, in particular to the Moscow region, but it cannot exist here without top dressing.

Bear was widespread throughout the country. He has no enemies, except for a man who constantly pursues him. And the bear is essentially a harmless animal, he always diligently avoids his enemy and rarely attacks animals. The bear's teeth are adapted to feeding on plant food, with which he is mainly satisfied.

All berries- currant, raspberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, bird cherry, cranberry, mountain ash, - Pine nuts, acorns, vegetables, ripening cereals, especially oats, and many other plant foods are included in his diet. Ants and their larvae, as well as bee honey, are a bearish dessert. The very name of the beast (honey to know) speaks of his passion for this delicacy. It is not easy for him: the whole swarm of bees fall on the unprotected parts of his body and climb even into the wool to the skin.

In the Far East, during the period of fish spawning, the bear switches exclusively to feeding on fish.

The Caucasian bear is very good-natured, about which there are many anecdotal stories. No less safe was the bear in its time in the Gorno-Altai Reserve, accustomed to seeing a friend in a person. During the ripening of cherry plum, wild pears and apples, the Caucasian bear is always relentlessly followed by wild boars - in the distance and a little lower down the slope. As soon as the bear climbs the tree and shakes off the fruits, the boars pick them up, leaving nothing for the bear.

Once, because of a bear, all traffic on the mountain road stopped for several hours. Passing along the rock above the road, the bear accidentally knocked over a stone. Obviously, the bear liked the sound of a falling stone and, leaning over to the edge of the cliff, he began to drop stones, and he threw the next one only after the previous one fell on the road. Either he was bored with this occupation, or the supply of stones ran out, but the rockfall stopped after a while.

In the north, the bear hibernates only after snow falls and leaves the den in March. The thick layer of fat accumulated in autumn keeps him vital during this period.

The bear's hungriest time is spring: the snow has not completely melted, there is no fresh grass, and the stored fat has already been used up. It is especially difficult for a bear. In the second half of winter, she will give birth to two or three cubs, very small - "with a mitten", and they still need to be fed for 2-3 months. During the summer and autumn, the mother tries to work up a large supply of fat, accumulating it up to 100-120 kg.

Bears are mostly hunted in winter: the winter skin is more valuable and the meat can be stored for a long time. In early spring, a hungry bear goes to the bait with carrion. In autumn, they lie in wait for him in the oat fields. Oats for him are no less a delicacy than honey. Caught off guard or injured, the bear can be dangerous.

In our forests, one can often meet an elk - the largest forest animal of our ungulates. It was almost completely exterminated before the revolution and is now under the protection of the law. An elk is a powerful animal: it reaches a height of 2.5 m, a length of 3 m, and an average weight of 400 kg. His appearance is awkward: high legs, a thick and short neck, a massive head with large nostrils, an overhanging upper lip and spade-like expanding horns, a very short tail. Thanks to wide hooves with a leathery membrane between the fingers, the elk can run through the swamp where any other animal of its weight would surely get stuck. Especially swampy places the elk crawls on the belly; throwing out its front legs far, it easily crosses large rivers.

This beast has an amazing sense of smell: it can smell a hunter at a distance of 500 m. He has even better hearing: he hears a person walking carefully on soft snow from a kilometer away. Usually the elk avoids the person, and it was not possible to see him very often. But over the past decades, in connection with the ban on hunting for it, new generations of moose have become more trusting, and meeting with a moose in aspen and willow forests is very likely.

Aspen branches are the most favorite food for moose. He cuts the annual or two-year-old shoots of aspen at an equal height, as if with garden shears. From large aspens, the elk strips off the bark in whole strips and even gnaws at aspen firewood left in the forest, scattering woodpile. Elk eat branches of willow and other trees. He does not touch cultivated plants at all, never eats hay and avoids food prepared by man.

It is not uncommon to hear that moose spoil young pine trees in forest plantations. I can say with confidence that if there are a lot of young aspen and willow forests on the farm, the elk does not touch the young pines.

With the proper organization of the economy, keeping the livestock of elk in the forest is a more profitable measure for the supply of meat than raising cattle on farms, since there is no need for fodder and animal care.

In autumn, the roar of bulls is heard far away, calling rivals to fight. At the end of April or at the beginning of May, the elk brings two calves, they suckle their mother until autumn.

Young or sick moose are destroyed by the wolf and wolverine. An adult moose is not afraid of wolves. Standing with his back to the tree, he successfully repels the attack of the wolves. There were cases when an elk killed a bear that attacked him. Wounded, he is dangerous and will not part with his life without resistance to the enemy.

Moose easily become tame in captivity. In the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve, work has long been carried out, and quite successfully, on the domestication of the elk.

Among the inhabitants of the forest there is also an insectivorous flying warm-blooded animal belonging to the class of mammals, no less useful than birds - a bat. In spring and summer, after sunset, some black small shadows begin to rush between the trees in the forest and in the gardens. By fast fluttering, uneven flight, you can immediately determine that this is not a bird or an insect, but a bat. There are several types of them in our country. The bat is small, the size of house mouse, covered with reddish-gray hair, a dark gray naked membrane is stretched between the fore and hind limbs. With the help of this device, the bat glides through the air, only forward, fluttering and not making uniform flapping of its wings.

In our country, the red evening is the most common. The length of her body is 11 cm, of which 4 cm fall on the tail. She is one of the most useful mammals - she energetically cracks down on various insects, even beetles that have hard elytra, like May beetles. Red Vespers is a typical forest animal. In the old forest, on the tops of the largest trees and above them, on the edges and clearings, she is looking for prey. For foresters, the bat is one of the most desirable animals in the forest: it hunts at night, when insectivorous birds sleep, and there are many nocturnal pests in the forest. Vechernitsa flies at such a height where a chiffchaff and a blue tit sometimes fly during the day. Maybugs, oak leafworms, silkworms and other insects, she destroys in huge numbers, and the weight of her stomach in the morning is at least one third of her body weight.

For the winter, bats hibernate, gathering in some secluded place, sometimes in large numbers. There is no harm from these animals to humans, but the benefits are very great. With this in mind, one should do everything possible to combat the prejudice that makes one look at these animals as dangerous and carrying illness and misfortune.

Not everyone knows that bats are living sonar. They show amazing dexterity in the dark, avoiding the slightest obstacles, and catching the most small insects. It was assumed that the bat is guided by this vision. Then it turned out that vision plays no role in the life of bats: blinded mice hunted insects just as successfully as sighted ones. It has also been suggested that the tactile organs of bats perceive all vibrations of air waves caused by flight and reflected by solid objects in the way. And only recently it became clear that a bat in flight continuously emits very short and high-pitched sounds - it emits ultrasonic location pulses directed strictly along the line of its flight in a narrow beam. The closer the obstacle or prey is, the more often the bat sends location pulses, the shorter they are, and the frequency of their repetition increases. Ultrasonic waves are known to be well reflected from the smallest objects, and the animal quickly orients itself, determining the distance to the object in its path. A tiny mosquito only one and a half millimeters long is caught by a bat in the dark just as successfully as a cockchafer.

How the location organs of a bat are arranged, neither scientists nor engineers have yet been able to discover. With this animal weighing several grams, the locating organs weigh milligrams, creating a variable rhythm and variable pulse duration, which is many times greater than the locators created by man. The study of the principles of the arrangement of the living mechanisms of nature and the possibility of their use by man is engaged in a new science - bionics.

Popova Irina Vasilievna

For NQF lessons « Nature and Ecology Krasnoyarsk Territory" was written research"Nature of the village of Bolshaya Kosul" and compiled by the CER "Trees of the village of Bolshaya Kosul". This material is used by teachers primary school. The object of the study was animals that live in the surrounding forests of the village of Bolshaya Kosul

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Animals of the village of Bolshaya Roe

Beaver Roe deer Elk Squirrel Wolf Hare Fox Bear Hedgehog Muskrat

The hedgehog is not large, its length is only 20 - 30 centimeters, weight is about 700 - 800 grams - this is how much a loaf of bread weighs. The hedgehog's ears are small, the head and belly are covered with coarse dark hair. The back and sides of the animal are covered with prickly needles. Needles are the hedgehog's only defense against enemies. Hedgehogs settle in copses, on the edges of the forest. The animals are active at dusk and at night, and during the day they doze in shelters. Hedgehogs are good swimmers. During the winter they go into long hibernation. Before they lie down, they accumulate subcutaneous fat - during hibernation, hedgehogs do not eat anything. Hedgehogs feed on insects, catching frogs, mice and occasionally snakes. The life expectancy of hedgehogs is 10 years. Hedgehog

The fox is a small predatory animal. The fox is called red, this is true, but only in part. Her belly is white, gray or slightly brownish, her chest is light. The back and sides are colored differently - from bright red to gray. The fox has a narrow sly muzzle and a large fluffy tail. It is believed that the fox covers its tracks with its tail. In Russian fairy tales, the fox is called Patrikeevna in honor of the Novgorod prince Patrikey, who became famous for cunning and resourcefulness. And it is not for nothing that the fox is called so - it is really a very cunning and dexterous beast. Despite the short legs, the fox runs so briskly that not every dog ​​is able to catch up with it. Her usual manner of movement is a leisurely trot. When catching prey, it merges with the terrain and seems to crawl on its belly. And he leaves the pursuer with big jumps, swiftly, as if not touching the ground at all. The fox eats everything that it gets: small animals, birds, eggs, fish, frogs, vegetables, berries, fruits. The fox age is about 6 years, but in captivity it can live 25 years. Fox

Hare In our area common hare-hare. It is named so for its blond color. Its skin is gray or brownish, the abdomen is white. The tips of the ears are black. During the day, the hare hides in a shallow hole that serves as a lair, in the morning and in the evening it goes out for food. Hares have poor eyesight, a good sense of smell, and excellent hearing. The hare has many enemies - humans, predatory animals and birds. In captivity, hares live up to 8 years. Young hares grow very quickly: after 5 to 10 days they already begin an independent life. Hares feed on various vegetation: grass, cereal plants, vegetables, tree bark. The hare especially loves parsley, carrots, cabbage, turnips.

The bear is a large forest animal. He is called the master of the taiga. The fur of the bear is thick, brown, the paws are powerful and clawed, the fangs are large and strong, and the tail is small. The weight of the bear is heroic: from 100 to 340 kilograms. He runs fast, deftly climbs trees, swims and dives excellently. When a bear hibernates, its heart beats slowly, digestion and breathing slow down, and the bear's body temperature drops to 10 degrees. In this state, the bear gradually uses up its fat reserves, which it has accumulated in the summer. A bear can hibernate for several months. Bears hibernate in order to compensate for the temporary lack of food. If a bear is awakened during hibernation, it may die from a lack of food, since the bear needs new energy to return to hibernation, which it may no longer have. In captivity, bears live up to 47 years. Bear

Squirrel These animals live in forests and parks. Sharp claws allow them to climb trees, jump from branch to branch. Squirrels arrange their nests in the hollows of trees, sometimes on the branches of pines and spruces. This animal is graceful when running along the trunk, graceful when it touches a thin branch. The squirrel seems to be completely weightless when it jumps from tree to tree. Squirrels do not hibernate during the winter. In captivity, squirrels live an average of 5 years. Animals forage on trees and on the ground. Their menu includes sweet berries, mushrooms, nuts, acorns, seeds coniferous trees, pine buds. They sometimes eat insects and bird eggs. They make supplies for the winter - string mushrooms and berries on tree branches. Where they left the mushrooms, they do not remember, just traveling through the trees in winter, they collect the stocks they meet.

Beaver A genus of mammals of the beaver family (Castoridae) of the order of rodents. Beavers weigh from 15 to 30 kg with a length of 90–120 cm, including a flat tail (41 cm). With large webbed hind feet, they row when swimming, using a wide scaly tail as a rudder. The ears and nose are equipped with valves and close when the animal dives. The animals can swim at a speed of 3 km/h and stay underwater for up to 15 minutes. Usually beavers form strong families. The life expectancy of beavers is usually 10–12 years, although in favorable zoo conditions they live up to 20 years. Beavers build a dam to fill a pond, in the middle of which they build an island "hut", inaccessible to predators prowling nearby. It serves as both a shelter and a pantry for winter food supplies. The beavers always finish the started dam, and do not allow the finished one to collapse. The height of the middle dam is 120–150 cm. During the summer months, beavers are most active at night, but also work during daylight hours. In winter, it seems that the beaver pond is dormant until the spring thaw.

Slow on the ground, the muskrat swims well and dives well. Without air, it can do up to 12-17 minutes. Vision and sense of smell are poorly developed, basically, the animal relies on hearing. Outwardly, the muskrat resembles a rat. Body length - 23-36 cm, tail length is almost equal to body length - 18-28 cm. Females do not differ in size from males. Muskrat fur consists of coarse guard hairs and a soft undercoat. Muskrats live in family groups with their own feeding grounds. For housing, the muskrat builds burrows and huts. Burrow digs in the high bank. The length of the burrows is different, in steep banks - 2-3 m, in gentle ones - up to 10 m. The burrow opening is located under water and is not visible from the outside, and the nesting chamber is above the water level. The muskrat leads a semi-aquatic lifestyle, settles along the banks of rivers, lakes, canals, and especially willingly - freshwater swamps. Muskrat

Elk Moose are found in our forests, they are also called moose. The elk is slightly larger than its close relative, the deer. The trunk and neck of the elk are short, and the withers are high, in the form of a hump. The legs are very long. The elk runs extremely fast through the forest, deftly removing knots and branches with its horns. Elk is not afraid of predators. His strength is great, angry, he turns away whole blocks of earth, and with his hind legs he hits so hard that he knocks over trees as thick as shafts. The elk feeds on young shoots and twigs of small trees: birch, aspen, willow. In addition, he eats green moss that grows on rocks. At the end of summer, moose look for hat mushrooms, sprigs of blueberries and lingonberries with berries.

Wolf The wolf is a predatory forest animal. Outwardly, he looks like a dog. The wool of the wolf is gray, the muzzle is narrow, the mouth is equipped with strong sharp teeth - wolf weapons. This allows the wolf to hunt even such large animals as an adult elk or horse. A hungry wolf is dangerous to humans and domestic animals. A person can escape from a wolf by climbing a tree. Wolves live in packs and are predominantly nocturnal. This makes it easier for them to hunt large animals. In a flock live from 3 to 40 animals. Of the sense organs, the wolf has the best developed hearing, a little worse - the sense of smell and vision. The wolf is smart. He is well versed in the situation and skillfully avoids danger. Despite the fact that the wolf hunts and often attacks domestic animals, it plays a very important role. Wolves control the number of animals in the forest, destroying the weak and sick.

Roe deer Roe deer is a small deer of light and graceful build with a relatively short body. The ears are long, pointed, the tail is short and does not protrude from the fur. The hooves of the middle fingers are narrow and sharp, the lateral hooves are very small and set high. The coloration is one-color, bright red in summer, dull, grayish in winter. The mirror is yellowish-white and does not reach above the root of the tail. The horns of males are relatively small, even the largest horns of Asian roe deer are no more than 1.5-2 times the length of the head; more often their length is equal to the length of the head or slightly more. The roe deer lives in extremely diverse deciduous and mixed forests avoiding only the dark coniferous taiga. Roe deer feed on herbaceous and tree-shrub vegetation. Roe deer willingly eats mushrooms, but in small quantities. Roe deer swim well and during migrations freely cross such rivers as the Yenisei and Amur. They do not tolerate high snow cover well, and European roe deer already have difficulty moving on snow above 25-30 cm, and Siberian ones - above 40-50 cm.

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The globe is covered with oceans, land and forests. A huge number of animals, insects and other inhabitants live in the forest. The most interesting facts about forest animals cannot leave you indifferent.

1. Wolves with tenderness and affection take care of their children. In a wolf family, 5-10 wolf cubs are usually born. And sometimes it is difficult for one mother to cope with such a brood. Here, the father of the family and the young wolves of the pack come to the rescue in raising the kids. The latter are engaged in entertainment for children.
2. The bear eats almost everything: from nuts, mushrooms and fruits to chicks, ants, fish. It is most interesting for him to hunt ants, which he does as thoughtfully as possible. Having stuck his tongue in an anthill, the bear waits for all the ants to stick around him. Then he willingly swallows.
3. Only male moor frogs are covered with blue. This process is directly related to reproduction, during which an incredible spectacle occurs.
4. Inhabitants of the bush forest, monkeys, are very similar to people. For example, by the expression of a monkey's face, you can determine the mood. So a smile is a sign of an aggressive state.

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5. A raccoon from the raccoon family is considered a wild animal and lives in the forest for no more than 7 years. But their domesticated brothers live twice as long.
6. The elk lives in the forest and is considered a herbivore.. His milk is very valuable and fatty. In terms of concentration, moose milk resembles cream, because their composition is 14% fat. Also, the moose feed product is rich in glucose. But most importantly, such milk does not sour for more than a week.
7. Each beaver has a number of amazing qualities and abilities.. A large family of these animals, due to their strength and endurance, is able to build a dwelling from improvised devices with a height of about 30 m.
8. Owls are best known for their ability to deftly hunt mice, which in turn eat a kilogram of cereal in just one season. Each representative of nocturnal birds is capable of exterminating 1000 rodents.
9. The otter is perfectly adapted to living in the aquatic environment.. In the daytime, the otter is in a hole dug on its own, and at nightfall it begins to hunt. The otter feeds on fish, crustaceans and small mammals.

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10. Wolverine is one of the most mysterious animals in Russia, which resembles in appearance a bear and a badger. The predator leads an exceptionally lonely lifestyle, not letting anyone near him. Due to its ardent aggressiveness and absolute non-tameability, the wolverine cannot be found in the zoo.
11. Amur cat, living in the forest zone, grows up to a meter in length and has a beautiful unusual color. You can distinguish it by the longitudinal stripes on the forehead of a dark and light shade. Despite the rather cute look of the cat, it is considered an extremely dangerous predator, which is not so easy to catch.

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12. Amur tiger, listed in the Red Book and living on the territory of Primorye, is distinguished by a large weight of 300 kg and body length. The Amur tiger is resistant to low temperatures, so snow and cold are not afraid of him.
13. The peculiarity of the lynx is the gait. The lynx steps with its hind legs on the tracks of the front ones.
14. Sakhalin musk deer are currently on the verge of extinction. Animals live on the territory of Sakhalin, inhabiting the dark coniferous forest zones. Musk deer belong to the deer family, but they do not have horns. Their feature is long fangs.
15. Forest bats are considered truly brave hunters.. These little mysterious evenings can hunt not only insects, but also birds.

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