What is youth as a social group. Youth as a social group, features of youth subculture
Lecture:
Youth like social group
Youth is the most active and dynamic social group of maturing people. Throughout history, society's attitude towards youth has changed. There were times when children worked on a par with adults for 10-12 hours a day. Before the transition of society to the industrial stage of development, young people did not stand out as a separate social group. And in modern society it is a special demographic group, differing in age range from 14 to 30-35 years.
Adolescence is a very important period for a person, when the formation of personality takes place, the acquisition of one's "I", the assimilation of knowledge and values, the mastery of social roles. This is the period of the most important events in life. First, a young person completes schooling and enters a vocational educational institution. Secondly, he reaches the age of majority, which characterizes his civil formation - the achievement of full legal capacity. Thirdly, he acquires a profession and finds a job. And, finally, fourthly, creates a family.
Consider the features of the social status of the youth group:
Transitivity of the situation - the search for oneself, frequent changes in activities and hobbies, the formation of social status.
High level mobility - young people are not tied to a certain place by any obligations, for example, family ones, and actively move along social elevators.
Favorable prospects for choosing a profession and starting a family.
Active search his place in life, relentless experimentation, creative upsurge.
Mastering new roles, for example, student, worker, family man.
A special psychological warehouse, the desire to assert their individuality.
The value-oriented orientation of the personality, which is different for different people. For example, Andrei is interested in music, reading books, visiting museums, for him the value is art. Marat is a master of sports in freestyle wrestling, he never spends a day without training, for him the value is sport. Sasha is interested in banking, he knows how and at what price one can buy Sberbank shares, for him the value is money).
Own subculture, characterized by a special image, slang, behavior and often subject to criminalization.
Problems of youth and youth policy of the Russian Federation
The position of youth in modern society is quite contradictory. On the one hand, youth is the most favorable period for professional development and family formation. But on the other hand, during this period there are a number of problems. Firstly, unemployment and material insecurity of young people who are forced to live at the expense of their parents. Secondly, the low wages of employed young people and the inability to purchase their own housing. Thirdly, lack of confidence in the future and postponing the creation of a family "until better times." These problems reduce the living standards of young people and contribute to the growth of crime, alcoholism, and drug addiction. In addition, modern sociologists state the degradation of the spiritual values of young people. The reason for this is the impact mass culture and Westernization, as well as cultivating consumer attitudes younger generation to all.
The solution of these problems is only within the power of the state. In our country, a Decree “On the main directions of youth policy in the Russian Federation” has been developed. Its goals are spiritual and physical development youth, the prohibition of discrimination based on age, the creation of conditions for the full inclusion of young people in all spheres of society, support for talented youth, etc.
Based on these goals, the directions of youth policy are:
ensuring the rights of young people (for example, parents are responsible for ensuring access and creating conditions for their children to receive school education);
guarantee of employment and employment (by the employment service, unemployed youth are temporarily involved in public paid work, so that the young person can try himself in something new and, possibly, find something of his own);
stimulation of entrepreneurial activity (a young person who wants to do business has the right to do so already at the age of 16, for this he needs the written consent of his parents);
support for a young family (in the Russian Federation there are social programs to improve the living conditions of young families);
support for talented youth (organization and holding of competitions of various content aimed at identifying and encouraging talented youth), etc.
Mind map in social studies No. 37
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The concept of "youth" as a definition of a socio-demographic group originates from the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. Prior to this, young people were not recognized as a special social group. Until the end of the XIX century. youth problems were considered indirectly, through the problems of personality development, education of a citizen of a historically specific society, which found a scientific form of expression in philosophy, pedagogy, psychology of the Renaissance, Modern times, Western philosophy 17th - 18th centuries Actualization of theoretical studies of youth, the creation of independent concepts of age occurred at the beginning of the 20th century. and was developed in the sociological theories of youth. Youth as a special social group was recognized on quite objective grounds, by which it is customary to understand those main aspects and relationships that determine the functioning, direction of change and development of all other aspects of this social education. The concepts of youth in the sociocultural aspect began to be developed in the 50s. 20th century such researchers as G. Shelsky, K. Mannheim, A. Tenbruk, S. Eisenstadt.
To date, in the circles of sociologists, a view has been established of youth as a reference socio-demographic group, the most important features of which most authors consider age characteristics and the associated features of the social status, as well as the socio-psychological qualities due to both, which allows us to speak of a multi-level analysis of youth as a social phenomenon. One of the researchers of the problems of the young generation, S. N. Ikonnikova, identified three levels of describing youth as a social phenomenon:
─ individual psychological - correlation with a specific person;
─ socio-psychological - description of the most significant properties, qualities, interests of individual groups;
─ sociological - a description of the place of youth in the system of material and spiritual production and consumption in the social structure of society.
Youth as a part of society is studied by various humanities. The discussion about the definition of youth, the criteria for separating them into an independent group has a long history. Scientists share different approaches to the subject of study - from the standpoint of sociology, psychology, physiology, demography, etc., as well as classification traditions that have formed within certain scientific schools.
Researchers Vishnevsky Yu. R., Kovaleva A. I., Lukov V. A. and others. The following are distinguished as the most typical approaches found in the scientific literature:
─ psychological: youth is the period of development of the human personality between "puberty" (puberty) and "maturity" (full maturity);
─ socio-psychological: youth is a certain age with its biological and psychological relationships, and as a result, all the features of the age class;
─ conflictology: youth is a difficult, stressful and extremely important period of life, a long conflict between the individual and society, a problematic stage in human development;
─ role-playing: youth is a special behavioral phase in a person's life, when he no longer plays the role of a child, and at the same time is not yet a full-fledged bearer of the role of an "adult";
─ subcultural: youth is a group with its own specific way of life, lifestyle, cultural norms;
─ stratified: youth is a special socio-demographic group, limited by age limits, with specific positions, statuses, roles;
─ socialization: youth is a period of social growth, primary socialization;
─ interactionist: youth is one of the three states of the soul inherent in every person. "Parent" - orientation towards normative behavior, "adult" - orientation towards making adult decisions, "youth" - spontaneity, spontaneity;
─ axiological: youth is a socially significant, important stage of a person's life cycle. It is at this stage that the system of value orientations of individuals is formed;
─ subjective: youth is a special attitude, aspiration for the future, optimism;
─ procedural: young people are those who are not completed, not integrated, are in a state of formation, formation.
In accordance with these approaches, scientists are making attempts to isolate and unify the "features" of youth as a social phenomenon. Based on the analysis of the works of Russian authors, the following features of youth can be distinguished:
─ age;
─ socio-historical;
─ sociological;
─ spiritual and cultural;
─ socio-psychological;
─ culturological;
Thus, the distinctive social quality of each new generation of youth (or its individual groups) is determined by the characteristics of the personal, objective and procedural aspects of its concrete historical existence, which determine the ability to inherit, reproduce and improve the social structure of society. Youth is a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 30 years old), social status and certain socio-psychological qualities. Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal. Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one's place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, creating a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.
Features of the social status of youth:
Transition of position.
High level of mobility.
Mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.
Active search for your place in life.
Favorable professional and career prospects.
Typical for young people is the association in informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:
The emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation;
Self-organization and independence from official structures;
Mandatory for participants and different from the typical, accepted in society, models of behavior that are aimed at the realization of vital needs that are not satisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);
Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;
Expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;
An attribute that emphasizes belonging to a given community.
Depending on the characteristics of youth activities, youth groups and movements can be classified:
Aggressive activity
It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.
Outrageous activity
It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hair, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenge” aggression on yourself from other people so that you are “noticeable”.
Alternative activity
It is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contrary to generally accepted ones, which become an end in itself.
social activities
It is aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.).
Political activity
Aimed at change political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group.
Youth social problems that are the subject of scientific analysis are divided into two categories. large groups. The first includes specifically youth social problems: defining the essence of youth as a social group, the characteristics of its social position (status), role and place in the social reproduction of society; establishing criteria for its age limits; study of the features of consciousness (needs, interests, values) and ways of activity of the younger generation; study of the specifics of the process of socialization of young people, their social and professional orientation and adaptation in the team; analysis social aspects activities of informal youth associations and movements.
Another important area of scientific analysis is problems that are general sociological and at the same time either mainly concern young people (problems of education, family, marriage), or find specific manifestations in the youth environment (peculiarities of education, development of social and political activity of young people, their role and place in power structures, the specifics of social contradictions and conflicts, etc.). Numerous studies allow us to conclude that there are quite general fundamental contradictions inherent in modern risk societies that young people face:
wealth and poverty
growth of opportunities for self-realization and unemployment,
global subculture and an abundance of countercultures,
education and complete illiteracy,
the value of health, the cult of sports and drug addiction, smoking, alcoholism - they are a consequence.
Among the youth problems of the Russian risk society are:
decline in real living standards,
significant stratification according to the level of financial situation,
an increase in morbidity, including especially dangerous diseases,
deterioration of the state of the educational infrastructure and the quality of educational services,
high unemployment,
young family crisis
commercialization of culture,
the growth of lack of spirituality and crime among the youth.
In conditions when risk turns into the general basis of modernity, the riskological direction in the study of young people becomes promising. It resulted in a reasonable conclusion that the dominance of risk in behavior patterns is a common characteristic of today's young generations, and risk is one of the essential properties of young people as a social group. At each stage of its development, society makes certain demands on the younger generation, expressed in the form of social norms, values, morality, etc., and also provides various opportunities for its successful integration into social structures.
The problems faced by young people are related to the position of young people in the social structure, characterized primarily by transition and instability. The social processes that are taking place in modern times only exacerbate these problems. Factors affecting the situation of young people:
Economic factors most of all influence the situation of young people. For the most part, young people are insufficiently provided financially, do not have their own housing, and are forced to rely on the financial assistance of their parents. The desire to get an education postpones the start of labor activity to a more mature age, and the lack of experience in knowledge prevents them from obtaining highly paid positions. Youth wages are much lower than the average wages, extremely small and student scholarship.
If during periods of social stability these problems can generally be resolved or mitigated, then during a period of crisis they become much more complicated. In a situation of economic recession, the number of unemployed among the youth increases sharply, and it becomes increasingly difficult for young people to achieve a state of economic independence.
Spiritual factors are equally important. In modern times, the process of the loss of moral guidelines, the erosion of traditional norms and values, is intensifying. Youth, as a transitional and unstable social group, is most vulnerable to the negative trends of our time. Thus, the values of labor, freedom, democracy, interethnic tolerance are gradually being leveled, and these “obsolete” values are being replaced by a consumer attitude towards the world, intolerance towards strangers, and herding. The protest charge characteristic of young people in times of crisis is distorted, acquiring cruel and aggressive forms. At the same time, there is an avalanche-like criminalization of young people, the number of young people with social deviations, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, and prostitution, is growing.
The most important problem of the spiritual plan remains the problem of "fathers and sons", associated with the conflict of values between young people and the older generation.
But there are deeper, more difficult-to-detect, and perhaps more significant causes of suicide in children. To the question: "What can cause a teenager to commit suicide?" schoolchildren usually start talking about problems at school, misunderstanding of parents, conflicts with friends, loneliness, the emptiness of life ... Suicides due to deuces and the exam have become so frequent in Russia that it is high time to sound the alarm. In the meantime, society is reacting to this disaster very sluggishly, and parents, with their zeal for the violent education of their children, only create a favorable situation for the voluntary parting of children with life. A study of the problem of suicide among young people shows that in a number of cases, adolescents decided to commit suicide in order to draw the attention of parents and teachers to their problems and protested in such a terrible way against the callousness, indifference, cynicism and cruelty of adults. Decided to take such a step, as a rule, teenagers who are closed, vulnerable by nature from a feeling of loneliness, their own uselessness of stress and the loss of the meaning of life. Timely psychological support, kind participation rendered to a person in a difficult life situation, would help to avoid tragedy.
Youth, on the one hand, is an unprotected group, which is rather a destabilizing force in society, and on the other hand, it is a generation on which the future of the country depends. Such a special status of youth gives rise to the need for an adequate youth policy that can solve or mitigate existing problems, as well as direct the creative potential of young people into a creative direction.
The youth- this is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.
Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one's place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, creating a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.
Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.
Features of the social status of youth
Transition of position.
High level of mobility.
Mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.
Active search for your place in life.
Favorable professional and career prospects.
Young people are the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level tolerance (from lat. tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.
It is typical for young people to unite in informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:
The emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation;
Self-organization and independence from official structures;
Mandatory for participants and different from the typical, accepted in society, models of behavior that are aimed at the realization of vital needs that are not satisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);
Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;
Expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;
An attribute that emphasizes belonging to a given community.
Depending on the characteristics of amateur performances of youth, it is possible to classify youth groups and movements.
Aggressive activity. It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.
outrageous(fr. epater - to amaze, surprise) amateur performance. It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hair, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenge” aggression on yourself from other people so that you are “noticed” (punk style, etc.)
Alternative activity. It is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contradictory to generally accepted models of behavior, which become an end in itself (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.)
Social self-activity. Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.)
Political activity. Aimed at changing the political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group
The acceleration of the pace of development of society leads to an increase in the role of youth in public life. Involving in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of the transformed conditions, improve themselves.
2. Typology of political regimes.
Political regime- a set of methods for exercising power and achieving political goals.
Characteristics of the political regime:
scope of human rights and freedoms,
methods of exercising state power,
the nature of the relationship between the state and society,
the presence or absence of society's ability to influence political decision-making,
ways of forming political institutions,
· Methods of making political decisions.
2. Classification of political regimes
Lecture on social studies in grade 10
Topic: Youth as a social group
Features of youth subculture
The youth- this is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years old1), social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.
Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one's place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, creating a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.
Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.
Features of the social status of youth
Transition of position.
High level of mobility.
Mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.
Active search for your place in life.
Favorable prospects in professional and career terms.
The youth - this is the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and having the followingsocio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youthsubcultures.
Subculture- part of the culture of society, distinguished by their behavior from the vast majority
It is typical for young people to unite ininformal groups , which are characterized by the followingsigns:
Emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in specific conditions of the social situation;
Self-organization and independence from official structures;
Mandatory for participants and different from the typical, accepted in society, behavior patterns that are aimed at the realization of vital needs that are not satisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);
Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;
Expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;
Attributes emphasizing belonging to a given community.
Youth groups and movements can be classified depending on the characteristics of youth initiatives.
Aggressive amateur performance
It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.
outrageous(French epater - hit, reap, surprise)amateur performance
It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hair, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenge” aggression on yourself from other people so that you are “noticeable” (punk style, etc.)
Alternative amateur performance
It is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contradictory to generally accepted models of behavior, which become an end in itself (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.)
Social initiative
Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.)
Political amateur performance
Aimed at changing the political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group
The acceleration of the pace of development of society causes an increase in the role of youth in public life. Involving in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of the transformed conditions, improve themselves.
Features of the social status of youth
Theme 12. Youth as a social group
Youth is a socio-demographic group distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years old, some researchers include people under 30 years old in youth), social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.
Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one's place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, creating a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.
Youth is a certain phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.
Transition of position.
High level of mobility.
Mastering new social roles (worker, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.
Active search for your place in life.
Favorable professional and career prospects.
Young people are the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance (from lat. tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.
Typical for young people is the association in informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:
The emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in the specific conditions of the social situation;
Self-organization and independence from official structures;
Mandatory for participants and different from the typical, accepted in society, models of behavior that are aimed at the realization of vital needs that are not satisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);
Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;
Expression of other value orientations or even worldview, stereotypes of behavior that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;
An attribute that emphasizes belonging to a given community.
Youth groups and movements can be classified depending on the characteristics of youth initiatives.
| Type name | His characteristic |
| Aggressive amateur performance | It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development |
| Outrageous (fr. epater - to amaze, surprise) amateur performance | It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hair, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenge” aggression on yourself from other people so that you are “noticeable” (punk style, etc.) |
| Alternative amateur performance | It is based on the development of alternative behavioral patterns that are systemically contradictory to generally accepted models of behavior, which become an end in itself (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.) |
| Social initiative | Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.) |
| Political amateur performance | Aimed at changing the political system and the political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group |
The acceleration of the pace of development of society causes an increase in the role of young people in public life. Involving in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of the transformed conditions, improve themselves.
Job Sample
I A1. Choose the correct answer. Are the following statements about psychological characteristics youth? A. For a teenager, first of all, external events, actions, friends are important.
B. In adolescence greater value acquires the inner world of a person, the discovery of one's own "I".
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
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