Presentation on the topic of what is a natural community. Interactive game "natural communities"
"Reserves of Belarus" - Do not speak rude words, only give kind ones! Narochinsky national park. Natural wealth of Belarus. Polessky Radiation-Ecological Reserve. Reserves and national parks of Belarus. listing plants and animals in the Red Book. Pripyat National Park. Only certain types of economic activity are prohibited here.
"City of Pinsk" - Currently used only for the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In 1581 the city received the Magdeburg Law and its coat of arms. Church of Charles Baromei and the Franciscan Monastery (aerial view). Industrial enterprises account for almost 98% of exports. Region: Brest. Sport. Heraldry. Main square of the city. In 2006, the Polessky Drama Theater was opened in Pinsk.
"Animals of Belarus" - Irresponsibility, ignorance and indifference of the owners. The problem of homeless animals is very relevant in the city of Minsk. So it was before, but what about today, in our days? Why is it necessary to change tactics in solving the problem of homeless animals in Belarus? In 1987, the European Convention for the Protection of Pets was published.
"The Constitutional Court of Belarus" - Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Content of the study. Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Subject of study. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus imposes on the Constitutional Court essential functions and tasks. The acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus occupy a unique position in the system of legal acts of the country.
"Souvenirs from Belarus" - Delicious Esci! transit country. Favorite Minsk. The picture is a clock with only 2 digits on the dial - 20 and 14. You've never seen so many blues and greens! Belarus - the best part of your way! Belarus - places for kisses! We can smile, BY the way, our smiles in the hearts!
"Belarus" - The main wealth of Belarus - forests, meadows, mild climate. Another branch of the complex is forestry. The main direction of the chemical-forestry complex is the production of polymers. WITH agriculture closely related food industry. The missing metal is imported from Russia. In agriculture, more than half of the sown area is occupied by grain crops, and 1/3 - fodder.
In total there are 21 presentations in the topic
Text materials:
1 text
A natural community is a group of animals, plants, microorganisms adapted to the conditions of existence in a given territory, having a continuous impact not only on each other, but also on their environment.
Natural communities subdivided
by area on:
- large-scale (continent, ocean, taiga, steppe);
- medium and small (meadow, river, lake, pond)
by way of grouping into:
- natural (forest, sea);
- artificial (field, aquarium).
In each natural community, only certain plants, animals, microorganisms can exist that are adapted to the living conditions in a particular area. Wolves and foxes live in the forest, they are not found in the ocean. sea fish can't live in fresh water rivers.
The main form of communication between the inhabitants of the natural community is food.
Food chain: plants - herbivores - predators.
For example, plants - caterpillars - insects - insectivores - predators.
Important in the biocenosis (natural community) are organisms that contribute to the decomposition organic matter(excrement, corpses of dead animals) - gravedigger beetle, worms, mold fungi, bacteria.
Thus, in the natural community there is a continuous circulation of substances.
Communities also closely interact with each other, forming ecosystems. These high level organizations are also connected and form the biosphere of the planet Earth.
Natural communities can change under the influence of:
- biotic factors;
- human activities;
- abiotic factors.
For example, a lake - a swamp - a forest. This process takes hundreds of years. It is carried out under the influence of natural causes: the remains of animals and plants accumulate at the bottom of the lake, the shore is overgrown with reeds and sedge. Organic residues form peat deposits. The microclimate of the reservoir is changing, therefore, the species composition of animals is changing. And so on.
Changes in the natural community "river - rotting pond" occur due to the detrimental impact of human activities over several years.
Biocenosis tends to recover after the cessation of harmful external influences. However, the impact of human management should not exceed a certain threshold, after which the ecosystem is no longer capable of self-regulation and restoration. This is the only condition for maintaining the ecological balance in nature.
Abiotic factors are unregulated influences inanimate nature: a sharp change in climate, a volcanic eruption, fluctuations in solar activity.
The natural community has a tiered structure. This is especially clearly observed in the forest biocenosis: the tops of the tallest trees - lower trees - undergrowth (shrubs) - grasses - mushrooms, mosses and lichens. The underground layering has a mirror structure: the forest floor - small roots of herbaceous plants, - the roots of shrubs - the roots of the tallest trees are deep in the soil.
The presentation explains what natural community what they are and how they are classified. The life of the meadow is considered in the most detailed way. The presentation is rich in illustrations. The basis of this presentation was the textbook " The world. Grade 3."
2 text
natural communities.
They exist as a unity of animate and inanimate nature: an association of animals, plants, microorganisms living in a certain territorial area, affecting each other and the environment.
Types of different-scale natural communities
- mainland
- oceanic
- desert
- Taigi
- steppes
- Pruda
- swamps
- lakes
The small ones are part of the large ones.
Connections within the community.
Main - food:
- Plants receive nutrients from soil and water, use the energy of the Sun for growth and development.
- Plants are eaten by herbivorous animals (caterpillars).
- Predators (birds and animals) feed on them.
- Waste-eating animals (earthworms).
- With the help of moldy fungi and bacteria, the remains are decomposed.
Thus, the circulation of substances occurs through food chains.
Forest - high-rise building
- Mosses, lichens
- Shrubs, herbs
- shrubs
- Trees
These floors are divided among themselves by animals, birds, insects. There are fewer animals in the forest than plants.
Mushrooms in the forest
Edible: boletus, boletus, white.
Inedible: fly agaric, toadstools.
Insects of the forest.
Ants, ladybugs, forest bugs, bark beetles.
Forest birds and animals.
Predators: wolves, foxes.
Herbivores: hares, moose.
Omnivorous: bears, wild boars, hedgehogs.
Thrushes, nightingales, warblers, tits, larks.
An example of the food chain of the Les community.
Plant grains - mouse - owl.
Meadow
These are herbaceous areas. If they are small, then they are called lawns, large - meadows.
Bay and alpine.
If during the flood period the meadow is flooded with water, it is called flooded. Here the grass grows more actively.
Alpine meadows are located in peas. The higher the mountains, the more the natural landscape changes: forests grow at the foot of the mountains, which are replaced by shrubs on the slopes, and closer to the top of the meadow.
Plants.
Forage: clover, bluegrass, mouse pea, foxtail.
Blooming: dandelion, bluebell, yarrow.
Poisonous: buttercup, hemlock, hellebore.
Mushrooms: honey agaric, champignon, puffball.
Meadow insects.
Butterflies, bees, bumblebees, ladybugs, grasshoppers, beetles.
Animals and birds.
Mice, moles, toads, lizards, foxes, wolves, hares come in.
Wagtail, quail, corncrake.
An example of the food chain of the "Meadow" community.
Clover - butterfly - dragonfly - frog - already - predator - fox.
A natural community that occurs due to excess water in the soil. Those places in the swamp where the highest humidity are called swamps. Many bacteria, microorganisms and insects (mosquitoes) live here.
swamp plants and animal world
Moss, berries (cranberries), sedge, wild rosemary, heather, calamus, valerian, succession, sundew.
Amphibians (frogs, newts), snakes (vipers), herons.
An example of the Boloto community food chain.
Frog - mosquito - stork.
Lesson on the subject of man and the world
Topic: “Plant and animal world. What is a natural community?
Lesson Objectives:
1 ) cognitive
begin to form the concept of a natural community in which living and inanimate nature are interconnected;
to convince schoolchildren that the violation of these connections is accompanied by significant changes in any natural community.
2) developing
to form skills: observe, analyze, compare, draw conclusions and conclusions, make judgments.
3) educational
help students learn to build their behavior in nature based on knowledge of the relationships in it and the corresponding assessment possible consequences their actions.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment. (slide 1)
Guys! Today is a wonderful day, because the sun is shining, which loves and warms everyone.
Imagine a small star in your heart. Mentally direct to her the rays that carrylove, peace, kindness .
And now send to her the rays that carryhealth, joy, warmth, light, tenderness, affection .
Our little star has become as big as the sun.
Sit down.
Children, I want you to remember what you feel now and take with you the ability to listen and hear, think and generalize.
Today at the lesson I need your attention, support and help.
Close your eyes, lower your heads and listen to the words:
“If we close our eyes, we won’t see anything. There was nothing before but darkness. And it was so until a blue sparkling ball appeared - this is the earth. Life begins ... The world shimmers dazzlingly. And how important it is to continue forever.” (open your eyes)
What do we need in class? (slide 2)
- Work together.
- Be able to listen to each other.
- Listen to others without interrupting
attentively.
- Be able to allocate responsibilities
among themselves, clearly know the share of work
everyone.
- Be able to negotiate, help
each other.
2. Checking d \ z: (Test) on the topic "Rivers and lakes" (slide 3)
A river is a body of water that has a source and a mouth.
2. The depression along which the river flows is called the channel.
3. The beginning of the river is called the mouth.
4. The exit of groundwater to the surface is called a castle.
5. Small rivers that flow into large ones are called tributaries.
3. Mini - projects of students in groups: (slides 4, 5, 6)
1 group - Lake Naroch
Group 2 - Lake Svityaz
Group 3 - Neman River
Lake Naroch- "pearl" of the Belarusian land. It is so huge that in cloudy weather the opposite shore is lost in a haze, and then it seems as if you are standing on the shores of a mysterious ancient sea. national park. Included in the Naroch group of lakes and is a resort area. It is the largest natural reservoir in Belarus. Its area is 79.6 sq. km. At the same time, the depths in Naroch are small - the average is 8.9 meters.
It is safe to say that Lake Naroch occupies the first place in Belarus in terms of purity and transparency of water. The bottom, covered with sand and stone, is visible up to 5-7 meters in summer and up to 10 meters in winter. Tench, burbot, Amur carp and others are found here. The catches are usually dominated by bream, pike, and roach. There is also eel in the lake
In order to preserve the wealth of the lake, a complex of protective measures is provided - a water protection zone has been allocated around the lake with a special regime for the use of natural resources.
The water in Lake Naroch is surprisingly clean and transparent. In clear calm weather at a depth of six meters, you can easily see the numerous inhabitants of the lake, and if you're lucky, in addition to bleak, perch, roach, pike, you can see catfish.
The lake is distinguished by the abundance of waterfowl, nesting of rare for Belarus mute swan, lesser tern, osprey, and lesser grebe has been noted on it and in its environs.
Lake Svityazis located in the basin of the Molchad River, almost in the center of the Novogrudok Upland, 3 km southeast of the village of Valevka, Grodno region. Its area is about 170 hectares and it has a rounded shape. A small river Svorotva flows from Svityaz. There are no surface watercourses (rivers and streams) flowing into the lake. The lake is framed by a massive emerald necklace - a dense ring of kilometer-wide forest. In 1970, Lake Svityaz and the territories adjacent to it were declared an ecological reserve. There is a sanatorium on the shore of the lake.
Here, even in the lake, many relict plants grow that could rightfully be called "kings" - Dortman's lobelia, the flexible naiad, the lake halfwort and the rare single-flowered coastal plant.
But the most mysterious is the presence in the lake of a very rare plant form that grows only on the island of Java, and the presence of a mollusk here - known only for the lakes of France, Belgium and Germany
Lake Svityaz has been declared a nature reserve along with a forest area of 847 hectares. Here, mixed plantations of oak, spruce, hornbeam, ash, maple, aspen in small areas alternate with pure pine forests, alder forests, birch forests, forming more than 25 various types forests.
In well-preserved forests, there are many blueberries, lingonberries, strawberries; interesting insectivorous plants in peat meadows are round-leaved sundew and common butterfly, and in forest thickets, among a wide variety of herbaceous vegetation, there are rare orchids.
Neman, which flows through the territory of the region - the third largest river in Belarus. Its total length is 937 km, and within the Grodno region - 360 km.
It starts under the name Nemanets on the Stolbtsovskoy plain. , flows through the Minsk and Grodno regions of Belarus. It flows into the Baltic Sea.
The channel is winding, there are many shoals and rifts, sandy islands. The width in some places reaches 640 m.
Above the city of Grodno, the width of the valley in some places does not exceed 300-400 m, and the depth reaches 35-45 m. The river here resembles a fast mountain stream. Its banks are dotted with pebbles and large boulders. In the channel, boulders often form real rapids. The slopes of the valley are cut by numerous deep ravines.
The Neman is fed by melted snow, rain and groundwater. During the spring flood, the water level in the river rises by 2-3 m or more. At Grodno, the rise of water in spring reaches 8 m. In summer and autumn, after heavy rains, there are short-term floods.
It freezes in the second half of December, opens in the 3rd decade of March. The maximum ice thickness is 65 cm. Spring ice drift lasts 7-15 days. Spring floods come in several waves. The average excess of the water level of 4 m increases downstream.
There are perch, pike, roach, bream, crucian carp, bleak, a valuable species - pike perch.
On the river stand the cities of Grodno, Bridges, Stolbtsy
According to scientists, more than a million years ago, an ancient river existed on the site of the Neman. Later, this territory was covered more than once by glaciers advancing from Scandinavia. But when they retreated, the Neman revived again and again and made its way to the sea. People first appeared on the banks of the river about 11-12 thousand years ago.
The Neman is a navigable river. Regular navigation connects Grodno with the Lithuanian city of Druskininkai, and during high water, river boats with timber, building materials and other cargo rise above the confluence of the Berezina River into the Neman. There is also a hydroelectric power station on the Neman (near the city of Kaunas, the Republic of Lithuania). In front of the hydroelectric dam there is a large reservoir, which is called the Kaunas Sea.
4. And now, guys, I want you to watch the movie and think about what we will talk about today at the lesson?
(video about nature)
Game "Tell me a word" (slide 7-8)
look at my Dear friend,
What is around?
The sky is light blue
The sun shines golden
The wind plays with leaves
A cloud floats in the sky
Field, river and grass,
Man and season
It's all around nature.
5. -Updating knowledge (slide 9-11)
What is nature? (This is everything that surrounds us that is not made by human hands).
What two groups is nature divided into? (Alive and non-living).
What objects are living things? (Man, plants, animals, fungi and microbes).
What are the inanimate objects? (Sun, air, water, relief).
Is there a relationship between living and non-living things? (slide 12)
I see, guys, you find it difficult to answer this question, so let's start working in groups,because together easier to resolve issues.
6. Work in groups. Learning new material.
Each group has a set of pictures with depicted objects of nature and simply objects of nature.
1) Statement of the problem (slide 13)
We have one problem. You need to choose suitable, in your opinion, objects of nature for a particular area. In the process of work, you can consult, after completing the work, representatives of the groups will prove why these particular objects of nature were located in this territory.
The first group has a forest.
The second is a river.
The third has a swamp.
Once you're ready, hold up the signal card with the red circle.
2) Problem Solving
Is everyone ready?
We give the floor to the group that completed the task first.
Name all those objects that were attributed to the forest? Why?
Why did you put a squirrel in there?
Can a squirrel exist without a forest?
What items are redundant? (Fish).
Why? (She can't live without water, algae)
We give the floor to the group that completed the task second.
What objects of nature did you attribute to the swamp? (Cranberry, heron, frog, peat).
What items are redundant? Why? (Hedgehog - because he lives in a dry area, eats mice, mushrooms, which are not in the swamp).
We give the floor to the representative of the third team:
What objects did you attribute to the territory of the river? (Fish, algae, pebbles).
What items are redundant? (Squirrel).
Why?
7. Generalization (slide 14 - 15)
Guys, you just told how everything in nature is connected and united.
This is the unity of animate and inanimate nature, which develops under certain conditions environment, is callednatural community.
There are a lot of them: this is a meadow, and a lake, and a field.
What communities were discussed in the groups? (About the forest, about the swamp, about the river).
You will learn more about natural communities in the next lessons.
And now, guys, the owner of the forest "Lesovichok" invites you to relax.
8. Fizminutka (musical forest fizminutka)
9. Work with the textbook
Open the textbook and find the answer to the question - What is a natural community?
So guys, what is a natural community? (This is the unity of animate and inanimate nature, which develops under certain environmental conditions.
The game "Who is superfluous" (slide 16 - 17)
Working in pairs
10. Forest - the main natural community of Belarus (slide 18)
Plants and animals of the forest are interconnected by invisible threads - food ties. (p. 44)
11. Man is part of nature (slide 19)
Nature, like a wounded bird, screams, asks for help! We must know how to preserve natural wealth for those who will live on Earth after us.
Since ancient times, people have been engaged in farming on Earth. They build cities, roads, cultivate fields. All this is necessary. But for this you have to destroy forests. They cut down trees for the sake of wood, people need. That is why every year there are fewer forests left on Earth.
Air and water are becoming more and more polluted. And we know that they are necessary for the life of plants, animals, and humans. But from factories and factories, smoke enters the air, and sewage with various harmful substances enters rivers and lakes ...(slide 20).
First of all, it is necessary to observe the rules of behavior in the forest, in the meadow, on the river. Let's repeat these rules.
1. (Slide 21) On excursions, during hikes and walks, do not break the branches of trees and shrubs! A plant is a living being and the branches, together with the leaves, help it breathe, release oxygen into the air, and trap dust. Where there are many plants, it is easy to breathe!
2. (Slide 22) Do not damage the bark of trees. Understand they hurt! They stop growing and die painfully for a long time, only they cannot say about it.
3. (Slide 23) Do not pick flowers in the forest and meadow! After all, a flower in a vase is a prisoner sentenced to death. May this miracle please the eye, rejuvenate the heart, the soul of those who come after us. It was the habit of picking flowers that led to the extinction of many plant species.
4. (Slide 24) In the forest, try to walk along the paths so as not to trample the grass and soil. folk wisdom says: "One person leaves a trail in the forest, a hundred people leave a path, and thousands leave a wasteland."
5. (Slide 25) You can’t take eggs from nests, destroy anthills, dig holes and disturb forest dwellers.
6. (Slide 26) Do not make a fire in the forest if it is not necessary! Bonfires are wounds in the forest above ground cover. They take 15-20 years to heal. A fire can start from a fire!
7. (Slide 27) Do not knock down mushrooms, even inedible ones. Anyone who knocks fly agarics with a stick does not respect the forest, does not understand it. Amanitas help trees grow, they feed on squirrels, moose, magpies.
8. (Slide 28) In the forest, it is forbidden to turn on tape recorders at full power, raise shouts and noise. From this, animals and birds leave their burrows and nests. It is necessary to appreciate, to protect the eternal wise silence, to be able to listen to the magical sounds of the forest.
9. (Slide 29) Do not leave a mess in the forest. Remember! Abandoned paper decomposes for 2 years, a tin can for at least 70 years, a plastic bag will lie for a very long time, since there are no bacteria on Earth that can destroy it, and a piece of glass in sunny weather can play the role of a lens and cause a forest fire.
Summary of the lesson. Poem:
On our earthly ball,
Where we were born and live
Where is the summer dew in the grass
AND blue skies
Where is the sea, mountains, steppes, forest -
Full of mysterious wonders.
A gray wolf roams the forest, and a thin lily of the valley blooms,
In the steppe feather grass, like delicate silk,
The wind blows.
A waterfall rumbles on the rocks, and sprays fly like a rainbow.
And in the blue sea a fat whale -
Big as a house, sleeping on the waves.
Don't destroy this world
Girls and boys
Otherwise these miracles
Remain only in the book.
To be in the sources of Narzan.
From the clearing - strawberries,
Be careful like Tarzan
Make friends with wild nature.
You are part of her wonders too
And the forest darkens for you
And the bright river flows
And lilacs bloom in spring.
And you have to try
We can't part with this.
The Republic of Belarus is in Eastern Europe. The borders of this Republic pass through Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Russia and Ukraine.
Each city of Belarus is historically important for the whole world. Coming here, tourists try to visit every corner of this country: Minsk, Gomel, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Brest. These cities keep many historical secrets. Ancient buildings are the attraction of each of them - the Brest Fortress, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Gorodnenshchina, various palaces and national parks.
Flora of Belarus
Belarusian flora is quite beautiful and diverse. Forest vegetation prevails over other plant species. Here you can see wide pine forests, as well as small areas occupied by other forest formations.
Forest-forming trees are: pine, gray alder, birch and oak. Maples, lindens, ash and aspens also grow in the forest expanses.
Pribuzhsky Polesye is famous for the fact that sandy meadows and floodplain forests are found on its territories. Such vegetation is very rare in Belarus. As a rule, they are represented by taiga forests, juniper woodlands and moorlands.
In the floodplains, one can see preserved eutrophic and power meadows.
The lands of the Pribuzhsky Polesie are suitable for the growth of various vascular plants - the majestic purest and the common scutellum. There is also a forest mytnik and Australian mistletoe.
Of the subarctic species, bearberry and wild rosemary are found, of the Pontic species - mountain clover, silver cinquefoil, steppe timothy, Polessky fescue. Representatives of boreal species are: female kochedyzhnik, trefoil watch, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries, annual club moss, brittle willow and common spruce. Nemoral species are represented by common hornbeam, smooth and rough elm, linden.
The vegetation of the swamps is also diverse. Forb-sedge, grass-sedge and large-sedge species grow here. The main marsh plants are: willow, black alder, downy birch, as well as wild rosemary, cranberry, marsh myrtle, hypnum mosses.
Many medicinal plants grow in Belarus, the main representatives of which are: sage, calendula, sea buckthorn, coltsfoot, medicinal valerian, dog rose, peppermint, plantain, medicinal lungwort, thyme, immortelle and marsh cinquefoil.
Poisonous Belarusian plants - common belladonna, milestones, spotted hemlock, May lily of the valley and wolf's bast.
Interesting is the insectivorous plant - Aldrovandus vesicularis.
Fauna of Belarus
The Belarusian fauna is also distinguished by a variety of species.
Forests are the most populated ecosystems of the Republic. The main representatives of the forests are: elk, wild boar, red deer, roe deer. Also here you can see hares, hedgehogs, weasels and martens. Rare representative of the Red Book of Belarus European bison.
But not all forest animals are common. Rare species include lynx, badger and brown bear., marten. Of the rare and protected species of animals, there are: bison (inhabitant of Belovezhskaya Pushcha).
IN deciduous forests there are green and white-backed woodpeckers, stockheads, barnacle flycatchers and small flycatchers, spruce crossbills, bullfinches, nutcrackers, fly owls and others.
In the areas of rivers and lakes there are bitterns, white-cheeked black and white-winged terns, gray-cheeked grebes.
In the reeds and reedbeds, you can see the small rutting, the mustachioed tit and the nightingale cricket.
In water areas rare view ducks - white-eyed black. A rare bird species that lives in the meadows is the great godwit.
Predatory representatives of birds are: white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle, hobby.
Among the bats representatives of Belarus, the most common are: European broad-eared and Natterer's night bat.
The main inhabitants of the swamps are turtles, toads, frogs, lizards, snakes and vipers.
The world of invertebrates is very wide, but little studied. It is known that in the hollows of trees there is a wax hermit, and in the swamps - a black Apollo butterfly and a large floating spider.
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