Category of the person of the verb. How to determine the person of the verb correctly 1 person plural

To identify a person, you need to understand who or what the action in the sentence refers to. Action may include:
- to the speaker himself (this is the first person);
- to the one to whom he addresses (second person);
- or to an outside person/object (third party).

Each person has singular and plural forms.

First person

first person form singular shows that the action is performed by the speaker himself (that is, the subject of speech): I go,. This form corresponds to the pronoun "I".

The first person plural form indicates that the action is performed by several persons, including the speaker: we are going, we are talking, we are interested. Accordingly, the first person plural pronoun is "we".

second person

The second person form expresses an action related to the interlocutor (singular) or a group of persons, including the interlocutor (plural). The second person pronouns are "you" and "you". For example: (you), speak, are interested; (you) go, talk, take an interest.

third party

The form of the third person indicates that the action refers to an outside person or object not participating in speech - in the singular, and to a group of persons or objects - in the plural. The corresponding pronouns are: "he", "she", "it" - singular, "they" - plural. For example: (he/she/it) goes, speaks, is interested; (they) go, talk, take an interest.

It should also be remembered that not all verbs have a person.

The category of faces is possessed by: verbs of the indicative mood in the present and future tense (smile - smile - - smile - - smile, smile - smile - smile - smile - smile - smile) and forms of the imperative mood (here the face is not determined in all cases).

Persons do not have the category:
- verbs of the indicative mood in the past tense (the forms are the same: I walked = you walked = he walked, we walked = you walked = they walked);
- verbs of the conditional (subjunctive) mood (would like, would go);
- infinitive verbs ( initial form verb ending in -t / -tsya: walk, sing, draw);
- impersonal verbs (it gets dark, I want, it's enough, etc.);
- participles and participles (who came, rejoicing). According to some grammar systems, these parts of speech are classified as verbs, according to others they are not. In any case, these parts of speech do not have a category of person.

Personal pronouns are words that point to an object without naming it. Personal pronouns answer questions Who? What? For example:

the table is standing - it (the table) is standing

coin fell - she (coin) fell

In the example He And she are personal pronouns. Note that personal pronouns can replace nouns.

Personal pronouns include:

I, we, you, you, he, she, it, they

Personal pronouns have 3 persons and change in numbers (singular and plural).

1st person personal pronouns

First person pronouns are I And We. Pronoun I is the singular, and We- plural.

Personal pronouns of the 1st person singular indicate a person who is talking about himself:

I say I'm smart, I'll go

The plural indicates several people, there is an indication of oneself and someone else:

we say we are smart, we will go

2nd person personal pronouns

Second person pronouns are You And You. Pronoun You is the singular, and You- plural.

Personal pronouns of the 2nd person singular indicate the person being addressed, that is, the interlocutor:

you want, you are kind, you will go

The plural number indicates several people who are being addressed, including the interlocutor:

you want, you are smart, you will go

Pronoun You often used instead of a pronoun You to express politeness towards one interlocutor. Therefore, sometimes You is the singular form. For example:

Pyotr Semyonovich, are you leaving already?

3rd person personal pronouns

Third person pronouns are he she it And They. Pronouns he she it is the singular, and They- plural.

Pronouns of the 3rd person singular change by gender:

He- masculine

she- feminine

it- neuter gender

In the plural, the pronoun does not change by gender, a single form is used for all genders They.

Personal pronouns of the 3rd person singular indicate someone or someone who is not participating in the discussion (an indication of who or what they are talking about):

he said she is kind, it is bright

The plural indicates more than one person or thing in question:

they make noise, they are fast, they will go

Declension of personal pronouns

Personal pronouns change in cases (decline):

Declension table of personal pronouns

	Cases
	Them.	Genus.	Date	Vin.	Creates.	Suggestion
1st person singular	I	Me	To me	Me	Me	About me
1st person plural	We	Us	Us	Us	Us	About Us
2nd person singular	You	You	You	You	You	About you
2nd person plural	You	You	To you	You	You	About you
3rd person singular m.r.	He	His	To him	His	Them	About him
3rd person singular zh.r.	She	Her	To her	Her	To her (to her)	About her
3rd person singular cf.	It	His	To him	His	Them	About him
3rd person plural	They	Their	Them	Their	Imi	About them

Using an Encountered Non-Normative Variant theirs instead of their is not allowed and is a gross error.

Spelling with prepositions

Prepositions with pronouns are written separately:

to me, to you, to us

After prepositions at the beginning of 3rd person pronouns in oblique cases ( him, him, them, her, her, her, them, them) letter is added n:

with him, to her, from him, for her, behind them

The Russian language has a lot of grammatical categories. These include the category of person, the category of tense and mood of verbs, the category of gender, etc. The study of categories and their grammatical expressions together gives objective knowledge about the morphology of the language.

Category of a person in Russian

There are 3 persons in Russian - the first, second and third. Its forms express the relation of the action to the speaker. To correctly determine the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person in Russian, you need to know the main pronouns that express its semantics. Let's turn to the table.

So, we have 3 persons in Russian. The table above shows which pronouns to focus on when determining a person.

The 1st person shows the attitude towards the action of the speaker or speakers. Speakers are participants in an action or conversation.

The 2nd person form expresses the relation of the action to the interlocutor or interlocutors. They are also part of the conversation.

Forms of the 3rd person have a dual nature. They can express, firstly, the relation of the action to the person (people) who are not participating in the conversation. At the same time, they are indirect participants in the action. Secondly, the forms of the 3rd person in Russian express the relation of an action to an object or something inanimate.

Not all pronouns can be identified by a person. As you know, pronouns are divided into several categories: personal, reflexive (it is one - itself), possessive, interrogative-relative, negative, demonstrative and attributive. Only personal pronouns have the category of person, and they are all listed in the table above. It should be remembered that for personal pronouns, the category of a person is one of the most important, and most importantly, invariable categories.

Person category of verbs

Verbs have a pronounced category of person in Russian. It is difficult for many foreigners studying Russian to readjust, because when people change, verb endings automatically change. It is also worth noting that not all forms of verbs have faces in Russian. So, for example, in the forms of the past tense, the person cannot be determined. Let's take the verb "read" as an example. Let's try to determine his face: "I" read, "you" read, "he" read. It is clearly seen that when the faces change, the verb itself does not change. His face can only be determined in context. Compare: "I read a book." - "Paul was reading a book."

The same phenomenon is observed in the plural forms: "we" read, "you" read, "they" read. Similarly, a face can only be contextual.

An interesting phenomenon is observed in the forms of the present tense. In the 3rd person, the category of gender is erased from the verbs of the future tense. Compare: "She is painting a picture" and "He is painting a picture." If you take the verb "writes" without context, it becomes incomprehensible whether a male or female performs this action.

1st person verbs

Endings of Russian verbs are mainly indicated by endings. Verbs of the first person singular (in the present and future tenses) have endings -U or -YU. For example: write, read, call, shout. Verbs of the 1st and 2nd conjugations have the same endings in the 1st person, so when writing 1st person verbs, people make fewer spelling mistakes.

2nd person verbs

The 2nd person in Russian verbs has its own characteristics. They are connected with the endings of verbs. As you know, the endings in verbs depend on the conjugation. So, verbs of the 1st conjugation have an ending -EAT in the singular and -ETE in plural. For example, eat, go. Verbs of the 2nd conjugation have the ending -ISH in the singular and -ITU in the plural. For example, call, shout. 2nd person verbs can be recognized either in a specific context or by a special ending.

3rd person verbs

As mentioned above, the 3rd person in Russian is determined by the pronouns "he", "she", "it", "they". 3rd person verbs have their own paradigm of endings. For verbs of the 1st conjugation, these are the endings -ET in the singular and -UT in the plural (he, she, it reads, they read). For verbs of the 2nd conjugation - endings -IT And -AT (YAT) in the plural - he, she, it calls, they call.

If you know the inflections that define faces in Russian for verbs, then there will be no problems with the formation of new forms. It is also worth noting that knowing the category of a person helps when writing words. Verb endings are one of the most difficult spellings in the school curriculum. Knowing the faces will help you navigate the choice of ending.

Conclusion

The morphological category of a person is the most important in the Russian verb system. Personal forms help to determine who is acting: the speaker himself (the subject of communication), - walking, my; speaking with others: walk, wash; interlocutor (addressee of communication) - walk, wash; interlocutor with others: walk, wash; not participating in the dialogue (object of communication) - walking, washing, walking, washing. The face is one of the most inconsistent signs. Therefore, the student is often faced with the question of how to determine

Leisurely Analysis

The verb has three faces: 1. walking 2. walking 3. walking; 1. I am silent 2. you are silent 3. you are silent.

They differ not only from each other, but also in the plural: ( read, read, read; build, build, build). is not correlative in meaning to the singular: writing- the speaker is acting write- someone else joined the speaker. It is not yet clear how to determine the person of the verb? And we are not in a hurry. For now, memorize three properly Remember all pronouns by person: 1st person: I, we; 2nd person: you, you; 3rd person: he, (she, it) they. Learn to find the appropriate meaning for a particular verb. For example: verb are flying. The rest is up to you: if you don't like it" I'm flying" or " it's flying", look for more!

Other meanings

Personal forms of the verb, in addition to those indicated above, may have other meanings. For example, the 1 person plural form can become "author's we", that is, imply 1 person singular: We already touched verb tense definitions, now let's get started to the analysis of actors. Although it sounds different here: I still trying to explain... The form of the 1st person plural in emotionally charged speech is sometimes used in the meaning of the 2nd person singular: Oh what We got big!(referring to the only child present). Verbs of the 2nd person singular appear in the meaning of the 1st person of the singular in generalizations: You you won't understand, seven Fridays a week. Everyone must use the replacement in the 2nd person singular plural - as a sign of respect: You Wonderful play On the violin! Also, personal verbs can become indefinitely personal or generalized personal - with an unknown actor or if the action applies to everyone at once and to no one in particular: Taking off your head, through your hair don't cry (generalized-personal); Football on TV transmit (indefinitely personal).

Determine the person of the verb

We proceed to the most important thing - how to determine the person of the verb. The first step is to ask the verb a question that is appropriate in meaning.

1 person: what do i do? And what are we doing? (pronouns I, We) I walk, we walk.

2 person: What are you doing? and what are you doing?(pronouns you you) you walk, you walk.

3 person: what do they do? and what are you doing?(pronouns he/she/it, they) walking, walking.

The verb table will help you remember even faster how to determine the face of the verb. Draw it and practice, sign with a pencil invented examples of verbs, erase, and start again.

About the wealth of the Russian language

We have so many verbs that from time to time we will come across inappropriate for this table. What is it, how to determine the person of a substandard verb? It's a matter of time. In the literal sense - time. Define it! And you will see that the verbs that are in the past, as well as the indefinite form, do not have a person! Here is the infinitive (indefinite form): verb be treated. Me (me) it's time to heal. But just the same, always it's time be treated And to you (you), And them (they) and so on. The same story happens. It is enough to substitute the correct pronouns and ask appropriate questions, the verbs will be determined immediately and will be obedient in later life!

indicates that an action is performed by more than one person

The subject of the action is several persons, among which there is the speaker: We are with her let's go to to the audience.

• - ".....

  Official terminology

• - IN modern language productive is the formation of forms on -а like bells, bins. In some cases, such forms have been firmly entrenched in the literary language for a long period ...

  A guide to spelling and style

• A guide to spelling and style

• - 1. Many masculine nouns with a non-derivative basis for a solid consonant have a plural form in the genitive case without an ending ...

  A guide to spelling and style

• A guide to spelling and style

• - In pairs with doors - doors, daughters - daughters, horses - horses, the second options are more common ...

  A guide to spelling and style

• A guide to spelling and style

• - The singular form is used in the meaning of the plural in a number of cases: 1) when designating a whole class of objects with an indication of their characteristic features For example: A dog is a man's best friend...

  A guide to spelling and style

• - indicates that the action is performed by the speaker, i.e. the speaker is the subject of the action: I'll think ...
• - means that the action is performed by the interlocutor, i.e. the subject of the action is the interlocutor: You are like ...

  Dictionary linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - means that the action is performed by several interlocutors: Where are you in a hurry ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - denotes an action performed by the interlocutor or interlocutors - those to whom the speech is addressed: Please reflect on this ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - indicates that the action is performed by a person or object that does not take part in the speech act. The verb in the form of the 3rd person expresses the non-reference of the action to the participants in the speech: He was late for the lecture ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - indicates that the action is performed by several persons or objects that do not take part in the speech act Verb in the form of the 3rd person plural. expresses the unrelatedness of the action to the participants in the speech: They carefully ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - 1) A set of word forms characteristic of scientific speech: warmth of pine needles, clays, metals...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

"1st person plural verb" in books

5.1. The specifics of the use of plural nouns on - a / -s

From the book The Language of the Russian Emigrant Press (1919-1939) author Zelenin Alexander

5.1. The specificity of the use of plural nouns on - a / -s Plural forms of nouns usually denote either the amount (snow?), or the multitude of persons (students), objects (tables). In this case, in opposition to the singular form

§ 153. Endings of the nominative plural of masculine nouns -ы (-и) - -а (-я)

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 153. Endings of the nominative case of plural nouns male-ы(-и) - -а(-я) In the modern language, the formation of forms on -а? (-я?) such as bell?, bin? is productive. In some cases, such forms have been firmly entrenched in

§ 154. Endings of the genitive plural

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 154. Endings of the genitive plural 1. Many masculine nouns with a non-derivative stem into a solid consonant (except for hissing ones) have a form without an ending in the genitive plural (the so-called zero ending).

§ 155

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 155. Endings of the instrumental plural -ami - - (s)mi In pairs with doors - doors, daughters - daughters, horses - horses, the second options are more common (the first are considered bookish and to some extent outdated, but usually negotiations

§ 156. The use of the singular in the meaning of the plural

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 156. The use of the singular in the meaning of the plural The singular is used in the meaning of the plural in a number of cases: 1) when designating a whole class of objects with an indication of their characteristic features, for example: A dog is a man's friend; Pine -

§ 155

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 155. Endings of the nominative plural of masculine nouns - s(-i) - a(-i) -me?) like an inspector?,

§ 156. Endings of the genitive plural

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 156. Endings of the genitive plural 1. Many masculine nouns with a non-derivative stem into a solid consonant (except for hissing ones) have the so-called zero ending in the genitive plural. Here

§ 157. Instrumental endings singular and plural

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 157. Endings of instrumental singular and plural 1. In pairs winter - winter, country - country, road - road, the second form is archaic.2. Variants of endings in pairs with doors - doors, daughters - daughters are equal, but

§ 158. The use of the singular in the meaning of the plural and the plural in the meaning of the singular

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 158. The use of the singular in the meaning of the plural and the plural in the meaning of the singular 1. The singular form is used in the meaning of the plural in a number of cases: 1) when designating a whole class of objects with an indication of their characteristic

16. Nominative plural

the author Shtun A I

16. Nominative plural 1. Any case endings, including endings with them. n. pl. hours, always attached to the base.2. For the formation of word forms. n. pl. h. different declensions, the following provisions must be adhered to. If the noun refers to

17. Genitive plural

From the book Latin for Physicians the author Shtun A I

17. Genitive plural Continuing the study of inflection of nouns and adjectives in the plural, it is necessary to note the genitive plural. To learn how to quickly and accurately form terms in the form of gender. P.

4. Nominative plural (Nominativus pluralis) of nouns I, II, III, IV, V declensions and adjectives

From the book Latin for Physicians: Lecture Notes the author Shtun A I

4. Nominative plural (Nominativus pluralis) of nouns I, II, III, IV, V declensions and adjectives 1. Any case endings, including the endings of them. n. pl. hours, always attached to the base.2. For the formation of word forms. n. pl. hours of different declensions

1. Use of the singular instead of the plural

by John Beekman

2. The use of the plural in the meaning of the singular

From the book Without distorting the Word of God ... by John Beekman

2. The use of the plural in the meaning of the singular (a) In the New Testament, the greatest number of uses of the plural in the meaning of the singular is in the first person, i.e., when the pronoun "we" is used in the meaning of "I" This fact

3. Use of the first person plural in the meaning of the second person plural

From the book Without distorting the Word of God ... by John Beekman

3. The use of the first person plural in the meaning of the second person plural There is another example of the use of the category of person not in his direct meaning which is worth considering. We are referring to the apostle Paul's use of "we" instead of "you" in