Make a 3% solution. Calculations in the preparation of salt solutions

When preparing solutions of percentage concentration, the substance is weighed on a techno-chemical balance, and liquids are measured with a measuring cylinder. Therefore, a hitch! substances are calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 g, and the volume of 1 liquid with an accuracy of 1 ml.

Before proceeding with the preparation of the solution, | | it is necessary to make a calculation, i.e., calculate the amount of solute and solvent to prepare a certain amount of a solution of a given concentration.

CALCULATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF SALT SOLUTIONS

Example 1. It is necessary to prepare 500 g of a 5% solution of potassium nitrate. 100 g of such a solution contains 5 g of KN0 3; 1 We make up the proportion:

100 g solution-5 g KN0 3

500 » 1 - X» KN0 3

5-500 "_ x \u003d -jQg- \u003d 25 g.

Water should be taken 500-25 = 475 ml.

Example 2. It is necessary to prepare 500 g of a 5% CaCl solution from CaCl 2 -6H 2 0 salt. First, we calculate for anhydrous salt.

100 g solution - 5 g CaCl 2 500 "" - X "CaCl 2 5-500 _ x = 100 = 25 g -

The molar mass of CaCl 2 \u003d 111, the molar mass of CaCl 2 - 6H 2 0 \u003d 219 *. Therefore, 219 g of CaCl 2 -6H 2 0 contain 111 g of CaCl 2 . We make a proportion:

219 g CaC1 2 -6H 2 0-111 g CaC1 2

X "CaCl 2 -6H 2 0-26" CaCI,

219-25 x \u003d -jjj- \u003d 49.3 g.

The amount of water is 500-49.3=450.7 g, or 450.7 ml. Since water is measured with a graduated cylinder, tenths of a milliliter are not taken into account. Therefore, you need to measure 451 ml of water.

CALCULATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF ACID SOLUTIONS

When preparing acid solutions, it must be taken into account that concentrated acid solutions are not 100% and contain water. In addition, the required amount of acid is not weighed, but measured with a graduated cylinder.

Example 1. It is necessary to prepare 500 g of a 10% hydrochloric acid solution, based on the available 58% acid, the density of which is d=l,19.

1. Find the amount of pure hydrogen chloride that should be in the prepared acid solution:

100 g solution -10 g HC1 500 » » - X » HC1 500-10 * = 100 = 50 g -

* To calculate the solutions of the percentage concentration of the mole, the mass is rounded to whole numbers.

2. Find the number of grams of concentrated)
acid, which will contain 50 g of HC1:

100 g acid-38 g HC1 X » » -50 » HC1 100 50

X gg—"= 131.6 G.

3. Find the volume that this amount occupies 1
acids:

V--— 131 ‘ 6 110 6 sch

4. The amount of solvent (water) is 500-;
-131.6 = 368.4 g or 368.4 ml. Since the necessary co-
the amount of water and acid is measured with a measuring cylinder
rum, then tenths of a milliliter are not taken into account
ut. Therefore, to prepare 500 g of a 10% solution
hydrochloric acid, you need to take 111 ml of hydrochloric acid I
acids and 368 ml of water.

Example 2 Usually, in calculations for the preparation of acids, standard tables are used, which indicate the percentage of an acid solution, the density of a given solution at a certain temperature, and the number of grams of this acid contained in 1 liter of a solution of a given concentration (see Annex V). In this case, the calculation is simplified. The amount of prepared acid solution can be calculated for a certain volume.

For example, you need to prepare 500 ml of a 10% hydrochloric acid solution, based on a concentrated 38% j solution. According to the tables, we find that a 10% hydrochloric acid solution contains 104.7 g of HC1 in 1 liter of solution. We need to prepare 500 ml of I, therefore, the solution should be 104.7: 2 \u003d 52.35 g of HO.

Calculate how much you need to take concentrated I acids. According to the table, 1 liter of concentrated HC1 contains 451.6 g of HC1. We make up the proportion: 1000 ml-451.6 g of HC1 X » -52.35 » HC1

1000-52.35 x \u003d 451.6 \u003d "5 ml.

The amount of water is 500-115 = 385 ml.

Therefore, to prepare 500 ml of a 10% hydrochloric acid solution, you need to take 115 ml of a concentrated HC1 solution and 385 ml of water.

Good day, dear readers! Today I am writing a short note on the topic: how to properly dilute 70 percent vinegar to get 9 percent. I have had vinegar essence 70% for a long time, today I decided to turn it into ordinary table vinegar 9%.

Now is the time for home preparations, many housewives actively use vinegar for preservation, and at this moment they may also have a question: how to make vinegar of the desired strength from the essence. Vinegar, in addition to cooking, is also used as a disinfectant, they are even treated (traditional medicine).

Vinegar is natural and synthetic. Natural vinegar, of course, is more expensive. But it can be prepared independently from fruits (for example, apples or grapes). Natural vinegar will contain alcohol. Some housewives sometimes get vinegar instead of wine when the fermentation technology is broken.

Synthetic vinegar is made from acetic acid chemical way. This is a cheap option for home cooking. It is used for pickling food, preservation, added to salads, sauces and many other dishes.

Making 9 percent vinegar from 70 percent is very simple: you need to take 1 part 70% vinegar and 7 parts water. Stir vinegar with water - 9% vinegar is ready. For example, for 3 tablespoons of vinegar, you need to take 21 tablespoons of water.

Just make sure that acetic acid does not get on the skin. And you can even put on a gauze bandage, because the smell of the essence is sharp.

How to make vinegar 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 9%, etc. from vinegar essence

Calculation for 1 tbsp. a spoonful of vinegar 70%
what% of vinegar we get	how much water to add to the essence
3% vinegar	22.5 Art. l. water
4% vinegar	17 art. l. water
5% vinegar	13 art. l. water
6% vinegar	11 art. l. water
7% vinegar	9 st. l. water
8% vinegar	8 art. l. water
9% vinegar	7 art. l. water
10% vinegar	6 art. l. water
30% vinegar	1.5 st. l. water

Not everyone knows how to dilute 70% vinegar to 9%. In this regard, we decided to devote this article to this difficult topic.

general information

Before telling you about how to dilute 70 vinegar to 9%, you should tell what this ingredient is in general.

Vinegar is a very popular culinary condiment. Without it, it is impossible to prepare vegetables for the winter, marinate delicious pork skewers, and also make pastries using table soda.

It should be noted that in the preparation of all of the above dishes, an important role is played by the correct observance of proportions during the dilution of the acid.

That is why each of you should definitely know how to dilute 70% vinegar to 9%.

Indeed, too high a concentration of this seasoning can not only noticeably spoil taste qualities the dinner you prepare, but also cause very severe food poisoning.

So, let's figure out together how to properly dilute vinegar at home.

Product types

To correctly answer the question of how to dilute 70 vinegar to 9%, you should know that the presented product is divided into two types. In other words, it is synthetic and natural.

The last seasoning is obtained as a result of long fermentation of various liquids that contain alcohols.

So, they distinguish between apple, wine, berry vinegar, as well as infused with herbs and leaves of fruit bushes.

As for synthetic vinegar, acid acts as the main ingredient in it. Typically, it is obtained through chemical processes. They are often based on natural gas, wood distillation products, as well as some by-products obtained in industry.

Of course, ideally, only natural vinegar should be eaten. But synthetic can be safely used for domestic needs (for example, removing various stains, disinfection, etc.).

What acid to use for dilution?

The most economical option in cooking is to use 70% vinegar essence. But before using such a substance for the preparation of certain dishes, it must be diluted to the desired concentration. This is done quite easily and simply.

Breeding process

So how do you dilute 70 percent vinegar? To do this, you must adhere to strict proportions. If you need to use a small amount of this seasoning, then a regular tablespoon can be used as a measuring container. The volume of this kitchen appliance should be considered as one part.

So, in order to dilute 70% vinegar to 6%, exactly eleven parts of ordinary water should be added to one large spoonful of essence. In other words, pouring 10 ml of acid into the bowl, it needs to be diluted with 110 ml of drinking liquid.

The same principle must be followed if a more or less concentrated product is to be obtained. Consider how to properly dilute vinegar 70% in more detail.

Compliance with proportions to obtain a concentrated product

So, if you need to get highly concentrated table vinegar, then the essence should be diluted as follows:

• to obtain 30% table vinegar - 1.5 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 10% table vinegar - 6 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 9% table vinegar - 7 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 8% table vinegar - 8 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 7% table vinegar - 9 parts of ordinary drinking water.

Compliance with proportions to obtain a low-concentration product

If you need to make a low-concentration table vinegar, then the 70% essence must be diluted in the following proportions:

• to obtain 6% table vinegar - 11 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 5% table vinegar - 13 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 4% table vinegar - 17 parts of ordinary drinking water;
• to obtain 3% table vinegar - 22.5 parts of ordinary drinking water.

Most Used Vinegar Concentrations in Cooking

Now you know how to dilute vinegar. It can be made 9% by adding 7 parts of ordinary drinking water to one part of 70% essence. It should be noted that it is this concentration of the product that is most often used in cooking.

With the help of this product, various homemade marinades are made in the form of pickles, tomatoes, as well as lecho and other winter salads. Thanks to this concentration of seasoning, you can store your preparations for a long time without changing their taste.

Also, 9% table vinegar can give your dishes a special piquancy and unique taste.

Among other things, 6% table vinegar is often used in cooking. As we found out above, it can be obtained by diluting one part of the 70% essence with 11 parts of drinking water. Usually this seasoning is used for pickling. meat product before it is directly baked or roasted on a fire.

It should also be noted that low-concentration vinegar (6 percent) is very often used when baking any flour homemade products. In this case, it is used in small quantities to extinguish baking soda.

This is necessary so that the finished baking rises well and at the same time does not have a pronounced aroma and taste of the aforementioned ingredient.

I would also like to say that less concentrated table vinegar is also used in cooking. As a rule, various salads are seasoned with it, and onions are pickled in it.

In addition to preparing various dishes, low-concentration table vinegar (4 and 3%) is sometimes used for treatment. So, some patients rub their body with it during fever.

By the way, some of the fair sex often use such a product for cosmetic purposes.

What is highly concentrated vinegar used for?

We talked about what seasoning is most often used during the preparation of various dishes. However, it should be noted that often vinegar essence should be diluted slightly. As a rule, this is done for domestic purposes. For example, you can use this substance to remove rust from any objects, remove stains from linen, clean appliances, and so on.

When diluting 70% vinegar essence, some rules must be observed. First, you need to wear rubber gloves that will protect the skin of your hands from possible burns.

Secondly, for the implementation of this process, it is necessary to use only ceramic or glassware. Moreover, these containers are undesirable in the future to be used for food storage.

After diluting the vinegar essence, it is recommended to place it only in a glass container, which is tightly corked. Pour this aggressive liquid into another container very carefully, without splashing. In doing so, one must observe the most important rule: vinegar essence needs to be poured into water, and not vice versa.

It should also be noted that during the transfusion of this liquid, in no case should you lean strongly towards the container with highly concentrated vinegar. This is to avoid inhaling harmful fumes.

Source: http://fb.ru/article/159824/kak-razbavit-uksus-do-pravilno

How to dilute vinegar: 70% -> 9% -> 6% -> 3%

Acetic acid is used in in large numbers recipes. It can also be used in the preparation of various therapeutic mixtures according to folk schemes. Vinegar of different concentrations can be used as an ingredient.

Sometimes you need 70 percent, which is sold in the store ready-made. Sometimes a 3-,5-,7-, 9% solution is needed. To get it, you need to dilute the liquid that is already available. Thus, you can get a product suitable for any of your purposes.

In this article, you will learn how to dilute 70 percent vinegar.

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What is vinegar essence made of?

70% vinegar essence consists of acid and ordinary water. Of the total volume, 7 parts are directly acid, and 3 parts are water. Sometimes the ratio is different, which is displayed on the label. In this form, the product is not used, as it is too concentrated.

Table vinegar, which is sold in the store, is already diluted to a certain extent. You ask, why then breed the essence, if there is an opportunity to purchase a ready-made version? The answer is simple: it's more economical.

One teaspoonful will give you a whole glass of already diluted table vinegar.

Keep the essence out of the reach of children. They can drink a concentrated solution, which will cause burns to the throat mucosa and damage to the esophagus.

In the store you can find table vinegar of different concentrations. But at the same time, there is no guarantee that you will immediately find exactly the product that you need. Buying 3% vinegar instead of 9% is not worth it. It is better to dilute the essence yourself to the required concentration.

How to breed?

Dilute 70% acetic acid with water. Do it in proportion. For a certain solution, they are their own. People with mathematical abilities will quickly figure out how to do everything. For those who did not particularly like counting at school, there is a detailed table.

First formula

To get it, you need to take the initial amount of vinegar essence, multiply it by the percentage of the concentration present and divide by the percentage of the desired concentration.

It turns out a kind of formula that is accurate and practical.

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Second formula

If the first option seems complicated to you, you can try another formula, which is also quite convenient to use.

How to dilute 70% vinegar and find out how much essence to take? The amount of initial liquid will be equal to the required concentration of the solution, multiplied by the final volume required in a particular case, and divided by the initial concentration. Thus, you can calculate how much essence to take to get the required amount of table vinegar.

When diluting vinegar essence, make sure that it does not get on the mucous membrane of the eye. Also try not to breathe the vapors of this product. All this is unsafe!

Acetic acid must be diluted in glassware. First, water is poured into it, and then vinegar essence is added.

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Some ready-made calculations

You can not rack your brains, but use ready-made calculated proportions. We will give you the most popular of them as an example.

1. If you need 30% vinegar, then dilute the essence using a ratio of 1: 1.5.
2. To prepare a 10% solution, combine 1 part acid with 6 parts water.
3. How to dilute 70 vinegar to 9 percent? To get this result, use a ratio of 1:7.
4. To make 8% vinegar, mix 1 part vinegar and 8 parts water.
5. For a 7% solution, a ratio of 1: 9 is needed.
6. If you combine water and acid in a ratio of 11 to 1, you get a liquid with a concentration of 6%.
7. The ratio of vinegar essence and water in a ratio of 1:13 will give a 5% solution of vinegar.
8. A ratio of 17 to 1 part will give vinegar with a concentration of 4%.
9. A 3% solution will be obtained from 22.5 parts of water and 1 part of 70% vinegar essence.

Information on how to dilute 70% vinegar can be compiled into a convenient table. Hanging it in the kitchen, you can always use ready-made calculations in time.

How to dilute 9% vinegar to 6%?

If it’s more or less clear how to dilute a 70% essence, then what about already diluted vinegar, which needs to be diluted? In this case, it is necessary to take one part of water for two parts of the essence. That is, two glasses of 9 percent vinegar must be diluted with one glass of water. This will make three cups of 6 percent vinegar.

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You can calculate in grams. In this case, for every 100 grams of 9% vinegar, you need to take 50 grams of water, and you will get a 6% table solution. This way you will always know how to dilute 9% vinegar. No need to use complex formulas every time.

Sometimes solutions are interchangeable. For example, if you need to use 6% vinegar and you only have 3%, you can add that as well. It's just that the amount of such an additive will be higher. Ultimately the volume active substance will be the same.

By the same principle, you can answer the question "how to dilute 9 vinegar to 3 percent?". To do this, it will be necessary to dilute one glass of vinegar essence with two glasses of water.

According to these formulas, you can determine how to dilute 70 percent vinegar to 20 percent.

Why is it important to use a solution of a certain concentration?

If the recipe says that you need vinegar with a certain percentage of acid and water, then you need to add just that.

Depending on the concentration, the amount of product to be added is calculated. Otherwise, the final dish may be spoiled.

Well, if you used vinegar as an ingredient for folk medicine, then the inconsistency with the recipe can even lead to health problems.

For what purposes are solutions of different concentrations used?

Diluted vinegar may be needed for medicinal purposes. It brings down the temperature quickly. This method does less harm than antibiotics and other drugs. For compresses, a 6% solution is used.

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Traditionally, vinegar is used in cooking. It comes in very handy in a barbecue marinade. For such purposes, they also take a 6 percent option. Meat is soaked in it, seasonings are added and kept for a while. Vinegar makes the barbecue tender.

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For preservation, 9% table vinegar is more suitable. It ensures the safety of home "spins" and excellent taste.

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For dressing vegetable salads, mushrooms, dumplings and other dishes, a 3% acetic solution is used. It has a subtle taste, therefore it complements, but does not interrupt other products.

25% acetic acid is an excellent weed killer. By watering the earth with such a solution, you will get rid of them for a long time.

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How to choose vinegar essence?

Choose a quality vinegar essence. This is a guarantee that the diluted solution will be the way you need it. In addition, by buying a genuine product, you will worry about your health, because fakes often harm it.

So, high-quality vinegar essence is 70 percent. This should also be indicated on the label.

The bottle into which the product is poured must be glass. This is a safety standard, because vinegar essence can “corrode” plastic over time.

There must be three convex balls on the neck of the bottle. They are a sign that the contents should not be ingested. Information in this form is intended for the blind.

Check the product before buying for quality. To do this, shake the bottle. Real vinegar essence foams at first, but quickly calms down. Fake gives a lot of foam, which does not go away for a long time.

Poor-quality vinegar essence does not need to be bought. Firstly, it will be problematic to dilute it, because the proportions of the solution may be incorrectly indicated on the label. In addition, this product is dangerous, it can adversely affect health.

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Source: http://hozyaike-na-zametky.ru/articles/kulinariya/kak-razvodit-uksusnuyu-kislotu.html

We get 9% vinegar from 70% essence

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Vinegar is a popular seasoning that is used in cooking for marinades and pickles, and sometimes goes as an independent ingredient to dumplings and barbecue. On sale you can find natural and synthetic product, as well as vinegar essence of high concentration.

Types of vinegar

Natural vinegar is obtained by fermenting alcohol-containing liquids: grape or apple juice, fruit mixtures, and even herbal decoctions. Natural acetic acid is much more expensive and of higher quality than synthetic, therefore it is used in small quantities to add a piquant taste and aroma to dishes.

Synthetic vinegar is most commonly found on store shelves. Obtained by distillation industrial waste and therefore the price is low. Chemically produced vinegar is most commonly used for degreasing kitchen surfaces, treating plants for pests, and making marinades.

Acetic essence has the highest percentage of concentration - 70-90%, so it is not used in pure form, but requires mandatory breeding for use in cooking and home cosmetology. Most often, hostesses need vinegar 9%, obtained from 70 percent.

When is dilution of vinegar necessary?

Acetic concentrate is the most economical option for any woman. Since it is impossible to use it in its pure form, breeding essences up to 9% vinegar and other concentrations are very often used for domestic and culinary purposes:

• to downgrade high temperature in children and adults instead of taking antipyretic drugs;
• to remove stains on products made of genuine leather;
• for rinsing hair;
• to remove unpleasant odors kitchen cabinets and refrigerator;
• for toilet bowl disinfection;
• to remove scale and rust.

What are solutions used for?

In cooking, home cosmetology and folk medicine solutions of acetic acid of various concentrations are used. For a long time, by experience, the housewives found out which solutions give the dishes original taste, and which ones will help in the treatment of colds and acne.

To facilitate calculations, there is table: how to dilute 70% vinegar to 9 percent and other solution concentrations. The proportions of dilution of the essence are the same for any measured containers.

The table can be used to calculate 70% vinegar to 9% tea or dining rooms spoons, milliliters, parts. In any case, it is necessary to take the amount of concentrate for 1 unit.

The number after the colon shows how many of the same containers of warm boiled water need to be taken for breeding.

One of the most requested is 9% vinegar made from 70%.

IMPORTANT!
When diluting, be sure to pour the essence into the water, and not vice versa!

Precautionary measures

Acetic essence is a corrosive substance that can cause burns if used improperly and if precautions are not followed. There are simple rules that must be followed in order to dilute vinegar 70% to 9%, excluding domestic injuries:

• clean the acid concentrate out of the reach of children;
• do not pour the essence from the original packaging into other containers to prevent accidental use;
• dilute the essence and use a highly concentrated solution (30%) only with gloves;
• breed and store vinegar 9% of 70% concentrate in non-metallic containers;
• do not inhale acetic fumes when diluted, so as not to get burns of the mucous membranes;
• avoid getting the concentrate on open areas of the body and in the eyes; wash off if hit big amount water.

There are several formulas how can you convert 70% vinegar to 9%, but it makes no sense to memorize cumbersome calculations - this is not the most important thing for the hostess. It is better to know as many proven recipes using vinegar as possible - from cooking to cosmetology, and this article will help to dilute it in the right proportion!

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Source: http://ProUksus.ru/uksus-9-protsentov.html

How to dilute 70 percent vinegar to 9 percent?

Acetic essence is a solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 70 or 80%. It is produced industrially using a fermentation process from alcohol solutions. Widely used in manufacturing and household.

Housewives use the essence for canning, preparing marinades. However, such a concentrated solution of acetic acid is rarely used for cooking. Most often we are talking about table vinegar, which has a much lower concentration.

How to make a 9% solution from 70% vinegar?

Basic rules for diluting vinegar essence

Acetic essence at 70% concentration can cause serious poisoning, even death, if a person accidentally or intentionally drinks it.

If the essence gets on the mucous membrane of the eyes, on the skin, it will cause a very strong, painful burn. Even the smallest concentration of acetic acid may well lead to injury. Therefore, you can not dilute the essence "by eye".

You need to know the exact proportions. Use vinegar, even the lowest concentration, only for its intended purpose.

When working with vinegar essence, remove small children and pets from the kitchen. Free the table from foreign objects and containers, especially with food. Essence can accidentally get into food. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful and warn loved ones about this.

How dangerous is the situation? If a person swallows vinegar essence, he will receive an instant, very painful burn of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach - the entire digestive tract. Pain is accompanied by swallowing, vomiting with blood may begin. Vapors of acetic acid can burn Airways, there will be suffocation, blue skin, wheezing when breathing.

If a person swallowed more than 3 tablespoons of vinegar essence, then this is a severe poisoning that will cause death within a day. Therefore, it is necessary to be extremely careful and attentive during the preparation of 9% vinegar from vinegar essence.

How to make 9 percent from 70 vinegar - a simple formula?

On the labels of some bottles with 70% vinegar essence, manufacturers indicate that in order to obtain table vinegar, it is necessary to dilute the contents with water 1:20. That is, 20 parts of water and 1 part of essence. However, the result is a completely different concentration, which is needed. This is not 9% table vinegar at all, but a much less concentrated solution.

Therefore, you need to use a different recipe. The formula is as follows: you need to add 1 part of the essence to 7 parts of water. If you count a tablespoon as a unit of measurement, then you need 2 tablespoons of essence for 14 tablespoons of water. Water should be clean, cool, boiled or filtered.

An elementary way using a faceted glass. The way to make 9 percent vinegar using a faceted glass was tested in practice by our grandmothers. Due to its long history, this method is almost flawless.

It is known that a faceted glass contains exactly 17 tablespoons of liquid, in our case - water. A bit of math, which we will not bore you with, and you can get the desired result very quickly.

Pour 2 tablespoons of vinegar essence with a concentration of 70 percent into a faceted glass and top it up with water.

Table: How to make different percentage vinegar from vinegar essence?

For different purposes in the household, vinegar of different concentrations is used, and not necessarily nine percent. However, in the store you can hardly find, for example, a solution of acetic acid in 4 or 10%. So let's learn how to cook it. The unit of measurement for obtaining a solution of acetic acid of the required concentration will be a tablespoon.

A table that will help you find out how many tablespoons of water you need to add to one tablespoon of vinegar essence to get the appropriate concentration:

Secrets and tricks for housewives

There are many problems that you can get rid of cheaply and easily with table vinegar:

• Oily surfaces. No need to buy expensive oven cleaners. It is enough to slightly moisten the walls and the door from the inside with table vinegar, leave for a while, and then clean. So you can clean any surfaces where there are oil stains.
• Dirty parquet. It is easy and stress-free to put it in order. Pour 4 cups of vinegar (half a cup per liter) into an 8-liter bucket of water. Rinse the floor well - it will be perfectly cleaned of dirt and begin to shine. However, if the parquet is protected with wax, it is better not to use this method.
• Flowers in a vase. You can extend their life cycle with vinegar. Add 2 tbsp per liter of water. spoons. A beautiful bouquet will delight you for more than one day.
• Unpleasant odors. You can easily get rid of them by applying vinegar. It is necessary to leave a cup of vinegar in the room for several hours without covering it. In the future, so that the smell of vinegar disappears, open the windows.
• Scale in a kettle or saucepan. Purchased products are not needed, which are practically unable to rid the kettle of multi-layer scale. It is enough to pour a full kettle of water, pour in a tablespoon of vinegar and boil. The kettle will be completely clean.
• Dirty glass and windows. The best and cheapest glass cleaner is vinegar. Dilute some vinegar with water and wash the windows. And then wipe dry with paper or a cloth that does not leave marks on the glass.
• Dirty metal surfaces. Take a couple of tablespoons of vinegar, drop two drops into the solution vegetable oil and clean the metal surface from dirt. It can be cutlery, decor items, jewelry.
• Microorganisms, mold. With such a difficult task, vinegar will also cope with success. Pour 100 grams of vinegar into a plastic jar with a spray bottle, treat surfaces where mold has been noticed. After some time, the procedure can be repeated. It is very useful in this way to protect toothbrushes from bacteria. Wet them with vinegar, rinse after a while. Vinegar will perfectly help neutralize old cutting boards, the surface of the kitchen countertop.
• Domestic ants. Vinegar perfectly repels these insects. It is necessary to process traces and "ant tracks". Trust me, they won't like it at all.
• Brass. To make items made of brass shine, wipe them with a cloth dipped in vinegar.
• Dried paint. After the repair, good brushes remain, which would be nice to use again. It is very easy to remove dried paint from them - just pour vinegar on the brushes for half an hour.
• Stains on clothes. It is necessary to moisten the stain with vinegar and wash the garment in the typewriter. It works especially well on sweat and deodorant stains.
• Attached price tags. It's a shame when a new thing is almost ruined by the price tag, which is firmly glued to it in the store. Moisten a cloth or sponge with vinegar and gently apply to the glued paper for a while. Then it can be easily removed from the surface, and there will be no traces left.
• Clogged pipes. An excellent and cheapest tool that works just as well as expensive ones. Pour baking soda into the drain hole in the sink, then pour vinegar into the drain. There will be a reaction, foam will appear. Everything here depends on the degree of clogging of the pipe. You can get by with a tablespoon of soda and a couple of tablespoons of vinegar. In especially difficult cases, you will need half a glass of soda and a whole glass of vinegar. Wait from 15 minutes to half an hour, rinse the hissing and bubbling mass in the pipe with hot water.

use of vinegar, dilute vinegar, vinegar

How to make 3% oxidizer from 9% or 6% oxidizer from 12%? This problem has already been discussed in the article “How to dye your hair dark without darkening the ends? The secret of an even color ”, however, judging by the fact that there were no fewer questions in the mail of the editors of the site on this topic, we decided to separate them into a separate note and say it again.

So, how to reduce the percentage of oxidizing agent and can this be done with water, shampoo, balm or other substances?

Anticipating the objection, they say, why dilute, reduce and chemicalize anything at all, if in any hairdressing store you can buy the entire line of oxidizing agents from an activator to 12% and paint yourself as much as you like with proven means, and not with a dubious mixing product, I would like to object: professional cosmetics - the pleasure itself is not cheap, even if we consider its "economy" version.Again, any cosmetic product, whether it is paint, an oxidizing agent or styling wax, has its own shelf life, and if daily hair coloring is not carried out at home, there is simply no point in having the entire arsenal of oxidizing agents! Moreover, if you learn how to mix 3% and 12% oxidizer once, you can later get 6% and 9% and 4.5% with only two oxidizers at hand, and this is a good cost savings. Many hairdressers do this and live happily ever after.

Another question is how to breed and with what?

If we look at requests related to oxidizing agents, percentage reduction and dilution, the most popular will be: “how much water should be added to reduce 12% oxide to 6%?” - numbers can be arbitrarily inserted, keyword here is "water", but that's bad luck, do not dilute the oxidizer with water!
Categorically! No way!

Firstly, this is pointless: water in no way lowers the percentage of the oxidizing agent, it simply cannot physically do this!

Hydrogen peroxide is an extremely unstable compound, professional cosmetics manufacturers achieve its stabilization by adding special components - stabilizers. There are only three ways to change the percentage of stabilized peroxide:

- increase pressure;
- heat up a lot;
- add stabilized peroxide of a larger or smaller (depending on the task) percentage.

If you add water to stabilized peroxide (no matter what temperature), it will stratify into water and ... peroxide flakes, that is, the percentage of the composition will not decrease! When dyeing hair, the dye that has reacted with water will work as a composition for prepigmentation, and the dye with exfoliated peroxide flakes (initial percentage) will dye the hair, as it will dye - with spots and without even a hint of durability.

Many master hairdressers may object: “I have been diluting oxidizers with water all my life and nothing!” And here you can only answer one thing: "good luck!".

It becomes clear why our compatriots have such mostly dead, unevenly dyed hair, but let's get back to oxidizing agents:

the third way, it is the only one, to lower the percentage of oxidizing agent (peroxide) - is to add an oxidizing agent of a smaller percentage to it. There are no more ways!

For clarity, a few formulas:

- to get 60 ml of oxidant 4.5%, you need to mix 30 ml of 3% and 30 ml of 6% oxidizer;
- you have 12% and 3% oxidizer available, but do you need 6%? mix one part of 12% and 2 parts of 3% oxidizer;
- the same initial ones: 12% and 3% are available, you need to get 9%. Mix 2 parts 12% and 1 part 3%;
- there are 9% and 12% you need to get 6%. We go to a professional hairdressing store and buy a 6% oxidizer!

Obviously, if water does not lower the percentage of the oxidizing agent, then all kinds of shampoos, balms and other substances added to the mixture will not lower the percentage either!

I hope this article will be useful to those who dye their hair on their own. If you have any questions, write them in the comments, and we will try to answer you as soon as possible.

Not everyone remembers what “concentration” means and how to properly prepare a solution. If you want to get a 1% solution of any substance, then dissolve 10 g of the substance in a liter of water (or 100 g in 10 liters). Accordingly, a 2% solution contains 20 g of the substance in a liter of water (200 g in 10 liters), and so on.

If it is difficult to measure a small amount, take a larger one, prepare the so-called stock solution and then dilute it. We take 10 grams, prepare a liter of a 1% solution, pour 100 ml, bring them to a liter with water (we dilute 10 times), and a 0.1% solution is ready.

How to make a solution of copper sulfate

To prepare 10 liters of copper-soap emulsion, you need to prepare 150-200 g of soap and 9 liters of water (rain is better). Separately, 5-10 g of copper sulfate are dissolved in 1 liter of water. After that, a solution of copper sulphate is added in a thin stream to the soapy solution, while not ceasing to mix well. The result is a greenish liquid. If you mix poorly or rush, then flakes form. In this case, it is better to start the process from the very beginning.

How to prepare a 5% solution of potassium permanganate

To prepare a 5% solution, you need 5 g of potassium permanganate and 100 ml of water. First of all, pour water into the prepared container, then add the crystals. Then mix all this until a uniform and saturated purple color of the liquid. Before use, it is recommended to strain the solution through cheesecloth to remove undissolved crystals.

How to prepare a 5% urea solution

Urea is a highly concentrated nitrogen fertilizer. In this case, the granules of the substance are easily dissolved in water. To make a 5% solution, you need to take 50 g of urea and 1 liter of water or 500 g of fertilizer granules per 10 liters of water. Add granules to a container with water and mix well.