What is the main building of a Buddhist temple called? What is the name of the Buddhist temple
The construction of a Buddhist temple is not just a design decision of the architects of those times. Everything here is set according to the rules. Every Buddhist knows what the "Three Treasures" are, because it is here that everyone seeks refuge - with the Buddha, his teachings and the community. The proper place for the location of the "Three Treasures" would be where they are collected in one place, which is protected from the outside world, from extraneous spectacles and from all other influences that may disturb the treasures. Regardless of the size of a Buddhist temple, it is protected from all sides. The closed territory, powerful gates are another of the requirements for the arrangement of a Buddhist temple.
For Buddhists, there is no difference between whether it is a temple or a monastery. For them, the word means the same thing. Both the first and the second are inhabited by monks.
Every Buddhist temple should have an image of the Buddha, which can be sculpted, painted or embroidered. Such an image should also be placed in a special place - in the "golden hall". They try to install the Buddha image in the temple in such a way that its face is turned to the east. The central sculpture is the largest. Smaller statues depict different periods of the life of the saint. In this room there may be images of creatures that are revered in this religion. The altar of a Buddhist temple can be decorated with figures of famous monks, which are located just below the image of the Buddha.
The basis for all Buddhist rituals is the veneration of the Three Treasures. They at this time act as an object in which believers turn as a "refuge". While Buddhist rites are being held, all the statues and images that were previously closed to everyone become open to the public.
In order for you to be able to visit a Buddhist temple, you need to fulfill several requirements. First of all, the clothes must be appropriate. It is believed that the shoulders and legs should be covered with opaque clothing. As in other religions, in Buddhism it is considered, it is considered that non-observance of the rule regarding appearance, is an expression of disrespect for places of worship. In this way one also discovers one's own ignorance.
Track the casting of parts human body in Buddhist beliefs it is possible in one more of their traditions. When entering the temple, you must take off your shoes. The feet are considered the dirtiest part of the human body due to the fact that they were in contact with the ground. After the shoes are removed from them, they become as if cleaner. But there is a more constructive explanation for this. Buddhist traditions suggest that temple visitors spend a large amount of time on the floor. Given the most basic rules of hygiene, such a requirement is not exclusively part of Buddhist culture.
You also need to know how to sit properly in a Buddhist temple. In no case should the believer's legs be extended towards the images of the Buddha, the altar or representatives of the clergy. In order not to offend anyone with their body position, Buddhists prefer to sit in the lotus position or simply tuck their legs under them.
Buddhism is one of the most popular religious and philosophical movements in the world today. It is professed by both experienced people and young people, attracted by the incredible aesthetics and the opportunity to touch the sacred knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation for many hundreds of years. Buddhism originated in the 5th century BC. in present-day India. The teaching, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, better known as the Buddha, invites his followers to achieve nirvana, leaving suffering and the cycle of rebirth. According to some estimates, the number of Buddhists around the world reaches 500 million. Naturally, for such a number of believers, an appropriate number of churches is needed. Some of them are more popular than others. We have compiled a selection of the most famous Buddhist temples.
The Temple of Reflection in a Calm Sea (think of what a beautiful name!) is one of the most important shrines South Korea. An interesting artifact is kept here - Tripitaka Koreana. These are 80 tablets containing the wisdom of Buddhism. The temple was built in 802, but its reconstruction, created in the 19th century, has survived to this day, as it had to survive a large-scale fire.
Located on the western side of the Chaphraya River, temple complex is one of the architectural gems of Siam. The central building of the Temple of Sunrise is a 79-meter pagoda that sparkles in the sun with different colors. Despite its name, Wat Arun is best viewed at sunset. The temple is an architectural representation of Mount Meru, considered the center of the universe in Buddhist cosmology.
The temple bearing the name "Great Stupa in Lao" is one of the most revered in Laos. It is located in Vientiane and is a stupa with several terraces, symbolizing the levels of spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism. lowest level- material life, the highest - the world of non-existence. The temple was built in the 16th century on the ruins of a Khmer sanctuary. In 1828 it was heavily damaged by the Siamese invasion and was rebuilt by the French in 1931.
Speaking of Buddhism, one cannot help but recall Tibet, a country permeated with the spiritual wisdom of this teaching. Lhasa is the center not only of Tibet, but of all Tibetan Buddhism, attracting thousands of pilgrims every year from all over the world. The temple was built by King Songtsen Gampo in the 7th century. The Mongols who attacked Lhasa ravaged it several times, but left the building untouched. Today the temple complex covers an area of more than 25,000 square meters. meters.
The "Great Oriental Temple" in Nara is one of the most unusual Buddhist temples in Japan and the largest wooden temple in the world. It was built in the 8th century by Emperor Shomu as the main temple, but little has survived from that time. It consists of a complex of pagodas and various buildings and is surrounded by a park in which sacred deer live, who are not afraid of people. It also houses one of the largest Buddha statues in Japan.
Located in the suburbs of Kathmandu, Boudhanath temple is known worldwide for being the largest stupa. It is surrounded by monasteries of various schools and movements of Buddhism, and everyone who lives in them comes to worship in Boudhanath. The stupa was built in the 6th century (the first version was destroyed by the Mongols and restored in the 14th century) and has since occupied the place of the main shrine of Nepal. The eye of the Buddha, located on the stupa, is one of the most famous images of its kind. The stupa even "lit up" in the film "Little Buddha" by European film director Bernardo Bertolucci.
The Mahabodhi (Great Enlightenment) Temple is a Buddhist stupa located in Bodh Gaya. In the main complex there is a rare shrine - the Bodhi tree, grown from the same tree under which Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment. It is believed that the temple was founded 250 years after the Buddha attained enlightenment. The temple dates from the 5th and 6th centuries and was restored in the 19th century by the British, acting on behalf of the British Archaeological Society.
what is the name of the buddhist temple?
- Datsans Buddhist monasteries-universities.
The network of datsans monasteries was created by the Gelugpas. Up to several tens of thousands of monks lived in the largest datsans. Datsans were also educational centers.
Ivolginsky datsan
- A Buddhist temple is called a datsan. On the territory of Russia, datsans are common in Eastern Siberia. The network of monasteries-dotsans was created by the Gelugpas.
The largest datsans had three faculties - general (philosophical-tsanid), medical and tantric. Only monks who had received a general philosophical training were admitted to the tantric faculty.
Aginsky datsan is the largest Buddhist monastery in Russia, located in the Chita region. Founded in 1816. - Datsan.
- pagoda or stupa
- depending on what cultures. In Tibet and among Buddhists of the Lamaist persuasion - a datsan (monastery, etc.), among the Japanese - o-tera ...
- pagoda
- pagoda
- pagon
- full name - St. Petersburg Buddhist Temple "Datsan Gunzechoinei"
- Buddhism
- Japan since the 5th century Buddhist temples belonging to various sects were built. These temples themselves became works of architecture and centers of many arts of architecture, landscape gardening, sculpture, painting, calligraphy, and decorative and applied arts. Temples and monasteries were the place where a person took refuge from worldly fuss and could indulge in lofty reflections and contemplation. Works of Buddhist art were called upon to create a certain psychological mood. The very place for the temple was chosen according to the strict laws of geomancy: firstly, it had to be the focus of favorable forces, and secondly, to protect the city (or the residence of the emperor, shogun or daim of the sovereign prince) from unfavorable otherworldly demonic influences. Buddhist temples, open to the public, served as a decoration of the area; their high multi-tiered roofs organically fit into the relief, harmoniously blending with the surrounding landscape. The temple ensemble with the garden surrounding it, where white and pink sakuras bloomed in spring, lush flowers in summer, maples were red in autumn, and in winter everything was covered with sparkling hoarfrost, made an indelible impression on the minds of visitors, as if they saw with their own eyes the heavenly country of Sukhavati, clean land Buddha Amida, one of the main characters of the Buddhist cult. A classic example of such a harmonious temple ensemble is the beautiful temple of Uji-Bdoin with its surrounding lush garden and lake.
The structure of the actual temple complex usually included pagodas (too), a bell tower (soroo), a sermon hall (koodoo), a library (repository of kozoo manuscripts), a hall for meditation on sutras (hokkedo); the dwelling of the monks (sooboo) and the refectory (jikidoo). The pagoda is the tallest building on the territory of the temple, the architectural dominant of the entire area or even the city. Pagodas originated in ancient India, they served as a reminder of the Buddha Gautam Shakyamuni. According to ancient legend, when the Buddha was about to leave this world and go to nirvana, his saddened disciples asked to leave them some reminder of him. And the Buddha then turned over his begging bowl and said that this would be a reminder. Ancient Indian pagodas (stupas) really had the shape of a bowl turned upside down, in the foundation of which Buddhist relics were immured, parts of the body of the Buddha himself or his disciples, scriptures, jewelry, etc. In China (and later in Japan), Buddhist pagodas were transformed into high multi-tiered towers with far protruding and curved roof eaves, gradually decreasing in size upwards. Through the entire tower from the inside, its main support is high and massive wooden, a column that penetrates through the entire structure: below, under the foundation, it rests against the base stone (aka reliquary), and at the top it forms a decorative spire rising high above the last roof. From all sides, the temple complex is surrounded by a clay wall with majestic gates on each side of the world. The main buildings of the temples (kondo or hondo) were decorated with wall paintings (adhesive or lacquer), painted scrolls and sculptural figures depicting the canonical images of Buddhist iconography: Buddhas, bodhisattvas (future Buddhas) and the guardian gods of Buddhism, angry and benevolent, as well as Buddhist saints. Buddhist sculpture made of wood, bronze, clay and lacquer served as an integral part of the Buddhist ritual, an object of prayer worship. The interior of the temple, filled with majestic figures depicted in poses of meditative concentration (or, conversely, in eccentric fighting stances, with furious bared faces) aroused awe among the pilgrims.
The Buddhist temple is the temple of the followers of the teacher and the prophet Buddha, the third largest religion in the world in terms of the number of believers. Buddhism is the most distributed in the countries of the East, in Asia: in China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Indonesia, Taiwan and other countries of this region of the planet. In Russia, Buddhism is widespread in the regions of Siberia and Far East(Republics of Tyva, Buryatia, Transbaikalia and so on), as well as in Kalmykia.
Chapter Buddhist church in the world is dalai lama, elected from among Buddhist monks. Buddhism is a very peaceful religion that denies violence and war.
Of course, like any world, and even small, religion on Earth, Buddhism has its own temples. Buddhist temple is called "datsan". It is easy to distinguish it from other buildings by oriental style pagoda roof. It is also richly decorated with bright and colorful traditional ornaments - this symbolizes the joy of delivering a person from the cycle of suffering, samsara.
Often Buddhist temples are painted bright red. bright colors there are enough in temples - for example, the traditional clothes of Buddhist monks are always bright orange. But in the structure of the temple itself, asceticism and austerity, the absence of unnecessary things and decorations, should prevail. Buddhism does not recognize the abundance, heaps in the temple of very expensive and magnificent utensils. At the same time, he does not deny precious objects in the temple.
Gold, gold plated, silver or gem-set can be buddha teacher statue on the throne - an indispensable attribute of each temple, placed in the so-called "golden halls" of the datsan. Also in the temples you will find images of the main sacred symbols of Buddhism. Another indispensable attribute of a Buddhist temple - bells with melodic sound. Often they are also made of precious metals. How in Christian churches, in datsans you can also see magnificent multi-colored stained-glass windows.
In datsans, their servants often collect good libraries. At a Buddhist temple they can live monks. In Buddhism, unlike Christianity, there is no difference at all between a monastery and an ordinary temple. Any datsan must have strong gates, a courtyard well closed from the street, and few windows in order to create an atmosphere of silence, spirituality and solitude for believers. In the temple, it is important to renounce the outside world, entertainment, worldly spectacles and influences. Here it is supposed to think about the high, calmly pray and meditate.
Borobudur Temple is a Buddhist monument of colossal proportions, the likes of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. This massive Buddhist temple is located in the region of Central Java, Indonesia, not far from the city of Jakarta (about 42 km or 25 miles away).
Scholars cannot agree on when this temple was built, but most believe that it appeared between the 7th and 8th centuries. Scientists also believe that the construction of such a temple took at least 100 years.
Over the past hundred years, the temple has been abandoned due to the mass adoption of Islam. For a long time the temple was covered with ash from erupting volcanoes, and eventually overgrown with jungle.
The temple was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Raffles, who sponsored the clearing of the temple grounds from overgrowth. Since then, the temple has undergone various reconstructions, but the most significant reconstruction for the life of the temple was carried out by the Indonesian government in the 1980s, with the support of UNESCO. Among similar temple complexes, one can single out the Shwedagon Pagoda in Myanmar, one of the most famous structures of this kind.
Borobudur returned its magnificent beauty, and was enrolled in the List world heritage UNESCO.
The structure of the temple represents a mythological model, consists of various terraces. Every terrace and wall of this ancient temple are covered with the most amazing intricate views of the bas-relief, which depicts the teachings of the Buddha. Concavities depicting Buddha statues are everywhere, and each passage or terrace shows the many lives and many forms of adoption of the Siddhartha, before attaining the enlightenment of the Buddha.
Of course, as you go through all these bas-reliefs, you will notice that many of the concavities are now empty, or contain headless Buddha statues. Why? Because of the boundless plunder that was around a few decades ago. Many of the stolen Buddha heads are now in the homes of wealthy people and in museums around the world. The robbery continues even now, but much less. Another similar complex is the ancient city of Bagan in Burma.
In the main part of the temple, the tourist will meet the central stupa (a symbol of Buddha's enlightenment) - a symbol of eternity. Tourists cannot enter through the central stupa. Only Buddhist monks are allowed to enter through the central stupa.
In addition to the main stupa, there are 72 smaller bell-shaped stupas. Some stupas contain a seated Buddha, while others are empty. There is one particular stupa which represents the dwelling of the Buddha with his crossed legs. The legend says that if you approach and touch the crossed leg of the Buddha, then your wish will surely come true.
Enlightenment Day: Hari Raya Waisak
One of the most beautiful and holiest Buddhist events that anyone can visit takes place once a year, during the full moon of May or June. Buddhist high priests announce the date in advance as they can calculate the date exactly using the lunar calendar.
On the appointed day, at around 2:00 am, the procession starts at Candi Mendut, a smaller temple, and continues on to Pawon Temple. The duration of the journey is approximately 1.5 miles and ends at Borobudur Temple. Barefoot male monks dress in saffron-colored robes, while women wear white saris and also participate in the procession, carrying lighted candles. The monks move very slowly, emphasizing the solemn manner, while singing and praying.
The climax comes around 4:00 when the parishioners converge in the temple. Several hundred monks will surround the temple clockwise towards the central stupa where they will wait for the moon to mark the time of the Buddha's birth. The highlight of the ceremony is the greeting of the audience, and the invocation of the Buddha by song. So, this was the story of the oldest Buddhist temple in the world. I also advise you to read about cave
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