They were both healthy and had ureaplasma. Ureaplasma in women: routes of infection, signs and complications, diagnosis and treatment regimen

Ureaplamoz in women it almost always occurs in a latent form, which is where the danger of infection of the reproductive system lies.

Most experts are of the opinion that the cause of the disease is considered to be a conditionally pathogenic agent, which exhibits increased activity in cases of weakened immunity and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

Ureaplasmosis - what is it?

The smallest representatives of human bacteria are ureaplasma, which lives on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system.

Patients who suffer from inflammatory diseases of the genital area are almost always affected by ureaplasma.

However, in some cases, it is possible that pathogenic flora may be present in healthy women who do not have other diseases.

For this reason, there is an opinion that the reproduction of ureaplasma can occur without the presence of pathological processes in the body.

The activity of the bacterium is recorded in the presence of reduced immunity after certain manipulations. This could be an abortion, childbirth, menstruation, or a relapse of certain chronic ailments.

The disease can take various forms:

• acute;
• subacute;
• weak current;
• chronic type.

The most common situation is when a woman is considered only a carrier of ureaplasma.

Prevalence of ureaplasmosis

The statistics on this disease are depressing, since in girls who have just been born, the presence of ureaplasma on the genitals can already be detected. According to experts, every third child suffers from this. By the way, boys are much less likely to be carriers of pathogenic microflora.

It is noted that children who received an illness during childbirth can count on self-healing. This is very common in boys due to the structural features of their body.

Schoolgirls who have not had sexual intercourse suffer from ureaplasma infection in 6-20% of cases.

Causes of development in women

Infection of patients almost always occurs after sexual intercourse. If we talk about possible household contamination, then not a single similar case has been identified throughout the entire period. Therefore, in common areas, after wiping with one towel or similar situations, it is impossible to get ureaplasmosis.

The disease in women has a special feature - the acute nature of the disease occurs in rare cases. Urealasmas are capable of being inside the cells of the body and not giving negative impact on the female body.

The main factors that provoke ureaplasmosis are:

By avoiding such situations, you can avoid contracting this infection.

Signs of ureaplasmosis

You can find out about the presence of an infectious process in the genital area by various factors.

Ureaplasmosis gives the following symptoms:

Symptoms

There are always ureaplasmas in the human body, but for their active activity to begin, certain reasons must arise.

Provided that one of the partners has this disease, but it does not manifest itself in any way, the second participant in sexual intercourse will soon become infected. Moreover, people suffering from this disease may not know about its presence.

The first signs are observed in a woman after a couple of weeks, sometimes this period drags on for a month. Provided that there were no symptoms and no treatment was received, ureaplasmosis becomes chronic.

Main symptoms of the disease:

Diagnostics

Diagnosing the disease is not difficult, however, research should be carried out 2 times. The initial collection is carried out to identify the diagnosis, and a repeat test is needed to identify dynamics.

Today, there are several manipulation options for detecting ureaplasmosis in women:

Which doctor should I contact?

Not everyone knows which specialist to see due to the discovery of ureplasmosis. Often, women mistakenly assume that they will be supervised by a gynecologist.

This is incorrect, since this specialist is able to diagnose the problem and simultaneously treat it if indicated. But, to prescribe basic therapy, they turn to a dermatovenerologist, since only this doctor knows everything about diseases that are transmitted after unprotected sexual intercourse.

Treatment of ureaplasma in women

The disease requires special attention; for the patient it is a very long process that requires a lot of patience and diligence. For a small course there is no way to beat it.

Indications for treatment

It’s worth mentioning right away that it is not always necessary to treat a disease with special antibacterial drugs. After all, this therapy requires compelling reasons in the form of evidence of the presence of microbes that cause the pathogenic process. Such a conclusion can only be issued by a gynecologist.

In what situation is it needed:

Also, treatment is carried out for the woman’s sexual partner in order to stop the chance of re-infection.

Treatment methods

Ureaplasmosis in women requires complex therapy, which includes many points. Failure to comply with some of them entails a recurrence of the disease or the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

For such an infection you need:

Preparations:

1. Antibacterial agents are prescribed after receiving the test results. The specialist will need to determine the level of sensitivity of ureaplasma to drugs. Often, gynecologists use macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones as the basis for therapy. It is unacceptable to take medications without diagnostic procedures. The reason is that the effect will not be achieved, and ureaplasma will not be destroyed due to lack of sensitivity to antibiotics.
2. Vaginal suppositories will be required to sanitize the cavity. Such suppositories should contain an antibiotic and a substance that fights fungal disease.
3. In case of ureaplasmosis in women, special attention is paid to treatment to improve immunity, as well as procedures that normalize the microflora of the genital area. In principle, ureaplasmosis in women is provoked by an extensive inflammatory process that occurs due to a weak immune system and dysbiosis in the vaginal cavity.
4. Therapy always includes drugs that contain interferon. For example, Genferon is especially popular.
5. It would not be superfluous to prescribe drugs that stimulate the production of endogenous interferon(Cycloferon).
6. Probiotics are not only consumed orally, but also treated on the genitals. Vagilac is inserted into the vagina.
7. The course of treatment includes a complex of multivitamins and Wobenzym, medicine enriched with enzymes.

Complications of ureaplasmosis

What could it be:

Consequences of not treating the pathology

1. Due to the lack of normal therapy for ureaplasmosis, the disease will become chronic and bother the woman with constant relapses.
2. With this type of disease, patients soon notice the structure of the urinary tract, inflammation and adhesions in the fallopian tubes, and erosion of the cervix. In some cases, an abundance of diagnoses leads to the development of an ectopic pregnancy.
3. During the recovery period after childbirth, patients often develop inflammatory processes on the internal mucous membranes of the uterus.
4. Sometimes, women with ureaplasmosis experience inflammatory joint diseases.

Ureaplasma during pregnancy

Ureaplasmosis in women began to have an independent character after the connection between the disease and problems with bearing a baby was identified.

The infection can cause miscarriage, death of the fetus in the womb, or cause serious pathologies in the pulmonary system of the unborn child.

There is no exact certainty that the bacterium will cause complications during pregnancy.

Rather, a high percentage of miscarriage occurs if a woman has this disease and problems with the immune system.

The fact that ureaplasmosis develops in the body over a long period of time and is characterized by a large area of ​​damage can also have a negative impact on health. Because of this clarification, ureaplasmosis in women is equated to an opportunistic infection.

A prerequisite is passing tests for possible infection with sexually transmitted infections. If measures are taken in a timely manner, there will be no problems with the health of the mother and her fetus.

During the period of bearing the baby, before undergoing laboratory tests, the specialist undertakes to give a referral to the woman, provided:

• history contains a record of previously identified infertility, fetal growth arrest or miscarriage;
• symptoms of complications of an existing pregnancy, infection of the child is in question;
• completion of laboratory tests on schedule;
• inflammation in the genitourinary system for an unknown reason.

Without taking a test, it is impossible to determine ureaplasmosis in women, since the main symptom may be the presence of vaginal discharge. In this case, the amount of mucus may be minimal.

During the missed period of time, when a woman does not know about the presence of infection, a problem with the development of the fetus may arise, a disruption in blood circulation inside the umbilical cord and placenta. However, no apparent reasons for these phenomena are found.

Treatment

Therapeutic therapy in pregnant women can be started no earlier than the second trimester. At this time, the fetus already has a formed chorion.

Goals of the treatment plan for ureaplasmosis:

• defeat of pathogens inside the patient’s body;
• elimination of symptoms of the disease;
• reducing the volume of bacteria to a minimum.

If you discover a problem, you should not panic, as this is not a death sentence. If a woman undergoes timely therapy, she can expect a positive result.

In order for a good therapeutic effect to be identified after therapy, experts advise adhering to a number of rules throughout the course:

• give up alcoholic beverages;
• forget about sweets, smoked foods, fatty dishes and foods, spices.

In some cases, doctors insist on continuing restrictions after recovery. Especially if the body is weakened and there is a risk of re-infection.

Prevention of ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasmosis, which develops not only in women, is classified as an infection that is transmitted after sexual contact. For this reason, there are 2 levels of preventive measures. The first will be used before infection, and others - after.

When preventing the secondary type, the emphasis is on improving the immune system:

• folk method - hardening;
• transition to a healthy daily schedule;
• compliance with personal hygiene measures;
• regular intake of vitamin complexes;
• frequent visits to the local gynecologist;
• getting tested for STIs after having questionable sex.

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Where does ureaplasma come from in women and men?

Often a person cannot understand where ureaplasma came from.

Let's clarify where ureaplasma comes from in men and women?

Ureaplasmosis is an infectious disease and can be transmitted:

• During unprotected sexual intercourse;
• From mother to fetus during pregnancy and childbirth;
• During organ transplantation.

How does ureaplasma infection occur?

The most common way of transmitting the infection is through sexual intercourse.

Ureaplasma is transmitted both through vaginal and oral-genital contact.

During pregnancy, there is a risk of ureaplasma penetrating the fetus and causing infection.

Close contact during the passage of the child through the mother's genital tract contributes to infection of the child during childbirth.

Domestic infection with ureaplasma is unlikely.

Ureaplasma cannot be infected through shared utensils, a towel, or a handshake.

Ureaplasma can provoke the disease in the following situations:

• Unprotected sexual intercourse;
• A large number or change of sexual partners;
• Long-term use of antibacterial and hormonal medications;
• Immunity impairment;
• Drinking alcohol and smoking;
• Chronic diseases, their decompensation;
• Imbalance of microflora in the body.

Important! In the absence of clinical manifestations, a person is not considered a source of ureaplasma infection.

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Definition of ureaplasma

As practice has shown, ureaplasma is a sexually transmitted infection, the causative agents of which are a group of bacteria without a cell wall. It refers to non-gonococcal urethritis, that is, it primarily affects this part of the urethra, which is reflected in the name of the disease. In addition, this type of bacteria breaks down urea well. To date, fourteen types of ureaplasma are already known, which are divided into two groups: urealiticum and parvum. Let’s look at what their features are and what ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum are in more detail.

Statistically, a third of patients who apply for diseases of the genitourinary system are found to have this type of infection, but ureaplasmosis as a diagnosis is made only in cases of complete absence of other pathogenic pathogens during laboratory examination. The reason is that this type of microbe is found in healthy people and is often a natural flora of the mucous membrane, and is most often found in women. In this case, the person does not have any negative or negative feelings, but he can infect his partner during sexual intercourse. A photo of ureaplasma looks like this.

Types of ureaplasmosis

Of all the types of microorganisms that belong to mycoplasma, two types are most often found in people: ureaplasma urealyticum (urealyticum) and parvum (parvum), combined into one group, ureaplasma spices (speacies or spp). Speacies is not an abbreviation, but only a species of bacteria, that is, urealyticum or parvum. Depending on which species is isolated in the culture, the doctor will prescribe medications.

It is important to know! Ureaplasma spp is not the only independent infection in the body. As a rule, gonococcal infections, chlamydia, as well as gardnerella and other pathogens can be detected at the same time in a woman or man.

Depending on their percentage concentration, a diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed.

Like many diseases, ureaplasma can occur in two forms:

• acute;
• chronic.

This type of infection is not always obvious, and the symptoms depend on the affected organ. Modern diagnostic techniques and equipment make it possible to recognize the pathogen at different stages. Chronic ureaplasmosis requires an individual, comprehensive approach, since for many women bacteria of this type are normal vaginal flora. Therefore, an adequate decision to treat this disease or not can only be made by a qualified specialist.

Ureaplasma in women: symptoms and causes

There are several causes of ureaplasmosis that every girl and woman should know about:

• Indiscriminateness in choosing sexual partners and their frequent changes greatly affect the microflora of the mucous membrane of the genital organs, disrupting its normal functioning.
• Early entry into sexual relations in adolescence, when the body is not yet capable of resisting foreign flora.
• Poor personal hygiene, use of tight-fitting, non-absorbent underwear and clothing.
• Vitamin deficiency, low immunity, frequent colds, nervous breakdowns, poor nutrition, addiction to alcohol and many other factors that weaken the body.
• Pregnancy and lactation period.
• Venereal diseases.
• Weakening of the body after treatment with antibiotics and hormonal drugs.

Some of these positions, namely: alcohol abuse, decreased immunity, colds, promiscuity in sexual relations, constant stress, poor personal hygiene, can also provoke ureaplasmosis in men.

Symptoms of the disease

Getting acquainted with the list of diseases that are predominantly sexually transmitted, many are interested in why ureaplasma is dangerous? The peculiarity of the disease is that from the moment of infection to obvious manifestations of the disease, it can take from 30 days to several months, and the latent period will not be accompanied by any signs. This is where the main danger lies: a person, unaware of his illness, can infect his partner. Often, with a weak immune system, a partner infected with ureaplasmosis will show symptoms earlier than the carrier of the disease.

It is important to know! Ureaplasma does not have obvious manifestations of the disease that are unique to it, and its symptoms are identical to inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.

Danger and consequences of ureaplasmosis

Today, scientists are divided on whether the disease ureaplasmosis, which occurs without specific symptoms, is dangerous, and whether it should be treated in this case. But the very fact that a carrier of the infection can seriously ruin the life of another person after mutual intimacy obliges the patient to ensure the safety of intimate relationships and clearly account for his actions. But in order to understand the objective danger of the disease, it is necessary to know its consequences. Ureaplasma causes the following types of pathologies.

In men

Manifestation of the disease:

• Urethritis of non-gonococcal origin.
• The presence of cloudy discharge when urinating with possible pain.
• The appearance of periodic discharge from the urethra.
• Inflammatory process of the testicle itself and its appendages.
• If the prostate gland is infected, symptoms of prostatitis appear.
• Painful sensations in the groin.
• Burning, discomfort in the groin area, itching.
• Decreased sperm motility.

Among women

Main signs of the disease:

• Painful urination with frequent urge.
• Severe itching on the external genitalia.
• The appearance of cloudy mucous discharge from the vagina.
• In the period between menstruation, the presence of bleeding during ovulation.
• The appearance of various neoplasms on the cervix that can turn into cancer.
• The appearance of a rash on the body.
• Pain in the right hypochondrium, as well as in the lower abdomen.
• Increased incidence of colds.
• The appearance of cervical erosion with purulent discharge.

As you can see, the symptoms are very similar to other diseases and can only be detected through special examinations. Summarizing the facts presented, we can come to the conclusion that the most important danger of ureaplasma for both women and men is the development of infertility.

Diagnostics

A correctly selected course of treatment is possible only with a competent diagnosis. The main examination methods are:

• Sowing the microflora of material taken from the problem area.
• Blood testing for PCR, with the study of DNA molecules, which allows you to accurately determine which virus is present. Examination of secretion scrapings to determine the type of pathogen.
• Research methods using gene probes.
• ELISA, RSK, RIF and other innovative technologies.
• RPGA with detection of the presence of antigens in the patient’s blood.
• Activated particle methods.

All these modern studies make it possible to accurately determine the type of pathogen, and therefore to prescribe effective treatment simultaneously to both sexual partners, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the structure of the body.

Treatment

Ureaplasmosis, which has a bacterial basis, is treated with antimicrobial drugs, usually antibiotics. In addition to them, it is recommended to take immunomodulators that increase immunity, and drugs to restore the intestinal and vaginal microflora if it is damaged. This comprehensive approach is selected individually depending on the type of ureaplasmosis. During the treatment period it is recommended:

• Refrain from intimacy.
• Follow the diet recommended by your doctor.
• Alcoholic beverages should also be completely avoided.
• Additionally, suppositories are prescribed for topical use.
• You should also protect yourself from hypothermia and avoid visiting public places.

When prescribing a course of treatment, it is taken into account whether the patient himself is sick, or whether he is only a carrier of the infection.

Effective drugs

The treatment regimen consists of several stages and is prescribed by each doctor individually depending on the weight and type of ureaplasma. The most commonly used anti-infective antibiotic is Sumamed, produced in tablets, capsules and powder for preparing a suspension. To treat ureaplasmosis, it is used once, although the doctor’s final decision depends on the severity of the disease. The course of treatment may also include Avelox and tetracycline drugs.

The list of antibiotics is constantly changing, as viruses tend to adapt and become resistant. As a result, the treatment does not provide a stable effect. When prescribing drugs, concomitant diagnoses must be taken into account, and the safest treatment option for a particular patient is selected. Some drugs are incompatible with each other, so the course of treatment may be extended.

Immunomodulators - drugs that enhance the immune system - are very important for the effectiveness of treatment. There are many medications in this series. One of the most effective is “Ureaplasma Immun”, which is produced in ampoules and administered intramuscularly. The doctor selects an additional vitamin complex and drugs that restore the gastrointestinal microflora with lacto- and bifidumbacteria.

An important component of complex treatment are suppositories with Chlorhexidine or analogues. Suppositories have a good antimicrobial effect, which significantly speeds up recovery from illness. Using one suppository daily for one to two weeks is quite sufficient.

Vaginal tablets “Terzhinan”, which are made in the form of suppositories, are also an effective drug. The drug is both an anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antiprotozoal agent, and is prescribed for ureaplasmosis, thrush and other diseases of the genitourinary system. The active components of the drug act simultaneously on different types of bacteria, which is why Terzhinan shows excellent results in gynecology.

Ureaplasma during pregnancy and its consequences

Discovery of the disease during pregnancy worries many women, but they postpone treatment until the postpartum period, refusing antibiotics and other drugs.

How dangerous is ureaplasmosis during pregnancy? First of all, the fact that it is possible for a child to become infected while passing through the birth canal. This is how the baby becomes infected. In addition, it is possible dangerous consequences, namely:

• Premature birth or miscarriage in the early stages, when the baby cannot be saved.
• Dilatation of the cervix with subsequent loss of the child.
• Infection in the uterus can affect the further development of the fetus.
• Weakening of the pregnant woman’s immunity, which can negatively affect her general condition.

Timely treatment will save the child from congenital pathologies and diseases in the postpartum period. It is necessary to treat the disease even if there is no obvious signs ureaplasmosis. The difficulty of therapy lies in the selection medicines, since conventional medications are contraindicated during pregnancy. The approved drug is Vilprafen, starting from a 20-week period. And even it is used with caution, and only as prescribed by a doctor. At earlier stages, only suppositories are used, as well as drugs to normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and vitamin complexes. Suppositories are the safest method of treatment for the fetus, as they act locally and do not harm the child. Timely diagnosis and passing the necessary tests will help control the disease.

Conclusion

Having examined the types of ureaplasmosis and its possible consequences, it becomes clear that even if there are no obvious manifestations of this disease, the disease must always be treated, since any weakening of the immune system will lead to instant proliferation of pathogenic microflora and exacerbation. Modern medications allow you to completely recover from this disease, thereby not causing trouble for yourself and your sexual partner.

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What causes the disease?

• frequent change of sexual partners;
• unprotected sex;
• immunodeficiency diseases;
• hormone therapy;
• pregnancy;
• medical invasive procedures on the reproductive and urinary systems;
• surgical intervention;
• long-term use of antibiotics;
• intrauterine device;
• abortions.

Moreover, promiscuous sex life most contributes to the spread of ureaplasma infection among the female population, since every new man can become a potential source of various microorganisms that can negatively affect the composition of the vaginal flora and activate ureaplasma in it.

There are other reasons for the appearance of ureaplasmosis in women:

• hypothermia;
• chronic stress;
• poor nutrition;
• bad habits;
• radioactive exposure.

Causes during pregnancy

Some women develop this disease during pregnancy. There are several explanations for this. First of all, you should not exclude the possibility of infection with ureaplasma before pregnancy.

The infection has a fairly long incubation period - up to several months. If no tests for infection were carried out before conception, it can be detected during pregnancy.

The appearance of ureaplasma during pregnancy can also be affected by a decrease in immunity and changes in microflora under the influence of hormonal changes in the pregnant woman’s body. These factors can trigger the development of the disease.

Where does ureaplasma come from?

Routes of infection with ureaplasma.

1. Sexual

One of the most common, which involves the transmission of pathogens during unprotected sex. Infection occurs when the penis and vagina come into contact during lubricant secretion

2. Oral-genital

This route of transmission is one of the types of sexual transmission. In addition, the anal route of transmission of infection also falls into this category. Thus, depending on the contact of the infected organ with which part of the body the symptoms will appear. Accordingly, with oral treatment there is a burning sensation in the throat and painful swallowing, and with anal treatment there is a burning sensation and a feeling of discomfort in the anal area.

3. From mother to child

When a baby passes through the birth canal, there is a high probability of infection. However, infection can occur even during pregnancy, since the presence of ureaplasma is noted in the amniotic fluid. But this route of transmission of infection is confirmed very rarely and completely normal children can be born from mothers who are carriers of ureaplasmosis

4. Household

Until now, scientists have not been able to fully confirm the authenticity of this route of infection. The vast majority of experts are inclined to believe that such a route of transmission is impossible, except extreme cases, such as when two people use the same body towel within seconds of each other.

Why do some get sick and others don’t?

Factors that influence the protective functions of the immune system:

• unbalanced diet;
• improper daily routine, which includes unhealthy sleep;
• bad habits;
• regular stressful situations and neuroses;
• chronic infection in the body;
• consequences of taking potent drugs;
• HIV and AIDS.

To treat ureaplasma or not?

Prevention

To increase and strengthen the immune system, immunostimulants are prescribed: Timalin, Methyluracil, Neovir, Cycloferon, etc.

On final stage restorative therapy is carried out using hepatoprotectors (Essentiale, Methionine) and drugs that normalize intestinal microflora (Lactobacterin, Bifudumbacterin, etc.).

During treatment, you should also abstain from sexual contact and drinking alcohol. To avoid re-infection, the second sexual partner should also undergo treatment.

After treatment, you should undergo a follow-up examination 2-3 weeks later. With successful treatment, laboratory parameters will show a decrease in the titer of microorganisms.

To prevent the development of ureaplasma infection, it is necessary to observe and adhere to the following recommendations: Prevention of ureaplasmosis

• Avoid casual relationships or use a condom;
• Maintain genital hygiene;
• Treat sexually transmitted infections promptly.

Consequences of ureaplasmosis >>

Diagnostics

1. Bacteriological culture inoculation. This preferred method definitions of disease. To do this, patients take smears from the vagina, urethral mucosa and cervical canal and place the biomaterial in a nutrient medium. Based on the grown colony of microorganisms, their species is judged and the degree of sensitivity of bacteria to various antibiotics is determined;
2. PCR (polymer chain reaction). This is an error-free, fast and highly effective option for detecting the disease, which is based on the detection of bacterial DNA sections in samples of vaginal discharge from patients. A positive test result means 100% presence of ureaplasmosis, and a negative result means 100% absence;
3. ELISA (immunofluorescent assay). This serological method for detecting female ureaplasmosis is based on the interaction of bacterial antigens and immune antibodies. If antigen-antibody complexes form in blood samples, they are visible under a fluorescent microscope.

How is material taken from women for analysis?

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Ureaplasma

The mucous membrane of every person contains many different bacteria. Some of them are beneficial - they help the body function and support health and immunity. Other microorganisms are opportunistic. They do not bring any benefit, but they do not harm either until favorable conditions for reproduction occur.

Ureaplasma is neither a virus nor a bacteria, although it has common features with both. The infection enters the human body and lives in it until the immune system weakens. At this time, ureaplasma begins to actively multiply and lead to the development of the disease.

Symptoms

In the case when the concentration of the microbe is quite low, a person may not even know about the infection, since ureaplasma does not manifest its presence in any way. When immunity declines, the presence of a disease of the genitourinary system becomes obvious.

A man experiences painful sensations in the scrotum and prostate area, discharge from the urethra is slightly cloudy, and a burning sensation when urinating.

In women, the symptoms are more extensive due to the characteristics of the physiological structure:

• Painful sensations in the lower abdomen;
• Burning and itching in the vagina;
• Painful urination;
• Change in color of discharge to yellow or greenish;
• The appearance of a fishy smell in the discharge, etc.

The presence of such symptoms indicates that ureaplasmosis has entered an acute stage and is actively affecting the body.

Routes of infection

Where does ureaplasma come from? This issue worries more than 70% of the world's population, since they are either sick or carriers of the disease. Every second woman on the planet has these microbes in her body.

The following may contribute to the occurrence of the disease:

If you have a disease such as ureaplasmosis, and you have not encountered surgical intervention, then you could only become infected from one of your close people - they all need to be tested for the presence of ureaplasma in the body.

Complications

In the acute form of the disease, it is necessary to treat it, as it can lead to many complications. The most serious of them is infertility - in men the seminal canal is blocked, and in women the fallopian tubes are blocked. In addition, ureaplasmosis leads to the occurrence of many concomitant diseases.

In men, this is prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, etc. - all of them are associated with unpleasant sensations in the groin, painful urination and long and serious treatment.

In women, in addition to cystitis and urethritis, the disease can cause many other complications:

• Inflammation of the uterus and fallopian tubes;
• Ectopic pregnancy;
• Spontaneous abortion and premature birth;
• The emergence of neoplasms, etc.

To avoid this, with the first symptoms of the disease, you must consult a doctor to prescribe the correct treatment.

Treatment

Preference is given to traditional medicine, since only antibiotics kill ureaplasma. However, the microbe is not sensitive to all drugs. To study its sensitivity and prescribe the correct treatment, a bacterial culture for ureaplasma is taken from the mucous membranes of the urethra and vagina, as well as a urine and blood test to detect antibodies. The study of microbial colonies for sensitivity to antibiotics is carried out in the laboratory, from where the test results are given to the attending physician or directly to the patient.

Together with antibiotics, drugs are prescribed to restore and protect the intestinal microflora to prevent the occurrence of dysbacteriosis.

In addition, patients take vitamins, undergo physiotherapy, etc., in order to restore the immune system as much as possible and ensure the body’s natural fight against the microbe. This is where recipes can be used. traditional medicine to improve the effectiveness of treatment.

Also, alternative medicine recipes help cope with the manifestations of the disease - for this purpose, special infusions and decoctions are made for douching.

Prevention measures

You can prevent ureaplasmosis if you follow a few simple rules:

If you follow all these rules, the risk of contracting ureaplasmosis, as well as other sexually transmitted diseases, will decrease several times.

If the body is affected by ureaplasmosis, then in no case should you self-medicate - only complex therapy, carried out in accordance with test results, can give excellent results. Do not forget that both sexual partners should undergo treatment to avoid the possibility of re-infection.

An infectious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary organs caused by the pathological activity of ureaplasmas. In 70-80% of cases, the disease occurs in the form of asymptomatic carriage. It may manifest itself as nonspecific dysuric symptoms, an increase in the amount of transparent vaginal discharge, nagging pain in the lower abdomen and reproductive dysfunction. To make a diagnosis, bacterial culture, PCR, ELISA, and PIF are used. Etiotropic treatment involves the prescription of antibacterial drugs - macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.

General information

Ureaplasma was first isolated from a patient with nongonococcal urethritis in 1954. Today, the pathogen is considered an opportunistic microorganism that exhibits pathological activity only in the presence of certain factors. 40-50% of sexually active healthy women are carriers of bacteria. The microorganism is detected on the genitals of every third newborn girl and in 5-22% of schoolgirls who are not sexually active. Although, according to the results of various studies, ureaplasma were the only microorganisms found in some patients with infertility and chronic diseases of the urogenital area, ureaplasmosis is not included as an independent disease in the current International Classification of Diseases.

Causes of ureaplasmosis in women

The causative agent of the disease is ureaplasma - an intracellular bacterium without its own cell membrane, which has a tropism for the columnar epithelium of the genitourinary organs. Of the 6 existing types of ureaplasma, pathogenic activity was detected in two - Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. Infection occurs through unprotected sexual contact or during childbirth. Convincing evidence about the contact-household method of transmission of ureaplasmosis does not exist today.

In most cases, carriage of ureaplasma is asymptomatic. The main factors contributing to the development of the inflammatory process are:

• Dishormonal conditions. The pathogen can exhibit pathogenic activity during pregnancy, when the endocrine function of the ovaries is disrupted.
• Decreased immunity. Inflammation of the urogenital tract more often occurs in women with diseases that reduce immunity and while taking immunosuppressive drugs (in the treatment of cancer pathology) .
• Vaginal dysbiosis. Disruption of the normal vaginal microflora due to irrational antibacterial therapy and hormonal imbalance activates opportunistic microorganisms, including ureaplasma.
• Invasive interventions. The trigger point for the development of ureaplasmosis in some cases is abortion, instrumental treatment and diagnostic procedures (hysteroscopy, urethro- and cystoscopy, surgical methods for treating cervical erosion, etc.).
• Frequent change of sexual partners. The bacterium is activated in association with other STI pathogens that penetrate a woman’s genitals during unprotected sex with casual partners.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of uroplasmosis in women is based on the adhesive-invasive and enzyme-forming properties of the microorganism. When it enters the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs, the bacterium attaches to the cell membrane of the columnar epithelium, merges with it and penetrates the cytoplasm, where it multiplies. The microorganism produces a special enzyme that breaks down immunoglobulin A, thus reducing the immune response to infection. In asymptomatic cases, local inflammatory and destructive changes are weakly expressed. An increase in the pathogenic activity of the pathogen under the influence of provoking factors leads to the development of inflammation - a vascular reaction, increased tissue permeability, and destruction of epithelial cells.

Classification

The main criteria for identifying clinical forms of ureaplasmosis in women are the nature of the course and the severity of pathological manifestations. In particular, specialists in the field of gynecology distinguish:

• Carriage of ureaplasma. Most women whose examination reveals this microorganism do not have any signs of inflammatory processes.
• Acute ureaplasmosis. It is observed extremely rarely and is accompanied by clinically pronounced signs of damage to the genitourinary organs and general intoxication.
• Chronic ureaplasmosis. Signs of acute inflammation are absent or appear periodically in the presence of provoking factors; reproductive function disorders and chronic inflammation of the urogenital tract are possible.

Symptoms of ureaplasmosis in women

In 70-80% of cases, there are no clinical manifestations indicating infection of the body with ureaplasma. The disease has no specific symptoms and during periods of exacerbation it manifests itself with signs characteristic of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system. A woman may complain of discomfort, pain, burning, and painful sensations when urinating. The volume of clear vaginal discharge increases slightly. With the ascending development of infection with damage to the internal reproductive organs, aching or nagging pain in the lower abdomen may bother you. In acute cases and during periods of exacerbations, the temperature rises to low-grade levels, the patient notes weakness, fatigue, and decreased performance. Chronic ureaplasmosis may be indicated by treatment-resistant urethritis, vaginitis, endocervicitis, adnexitis, inability to become pregnant, spontaneous termination or pathological course of pregnancy.

Complications

With a long course, ureaplasmosis in women is complicated by chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages, which lead to infertility, miscarriages and premature birth. The situation is aggravated by infection of the partner, who may develop male infertility due to the disease. In some cases, inflammation, vascular and autoimmune processes in the endometrium cause primary placental and secondary placental insufficiency with disruption of normal fetal development, the risk of abnormalities and increased perinatal morbidity. Since pregnancy is a provoking factor for the activation of the microorganism, and the treatment of an infectious disease involves the prescription of drugs that can affect the fetus, during reproductive planning it is important to identify the pathogen in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

Data from a vaginal examination, bimanual examination and the clinical picture of the disease are nonspecific and, as a rule, indicate the presence of an inflammatory process. Therefore, a key role in the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis in women is played by special methods studies to detect the pathogen:

• Tank. culture for ureaplasma. When inoculating biomaterial (excretions, smears) on a nutrient medium, ureaplasma colonies are detected, after which their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs is determined.
• PCR. Using the polymerase chain reaction, the genetic material of the pathogen can be detected in the patient’s biomaterial within 24 hours.
• Serological study. During immunofluorescence analysis (ELISA) and direct fluorescence (DIF), antibodies to the bacterium are detected in a woman’s blood and their titer is determined.

In differential diagnosis, it is necessary to exclude infection with other pathogens - chlamydia, trichomonas, gonococci, mycoplasmas, etc. The basis for the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is the presence of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs of a woman in the absence of any other STI pathogens other than ureaplasma. Along with the gynecologist, a urologist is involved in counseling the patient.

Treatment of ureaplasmosis in women

The key goals of therapy for ureaplasma infection are reducing inflammation, restoring immunity and normal vaginal microflora. For patients with clinical signs of ureaplasmosis, the following are recommended:

• Etiotropic antibiotic therapy. When choosing a drug, it is necessary to take into account the sensitivity of the pathogen. Usually a 1-2 week course of tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones is prescribed.
• Vaginal sanitation. The introduction of suppositories with an antibiotic and antifungal drug complements the antibacterial treatment.
• Immunotherapy. To restore immunity, immunomodulating and immunostimulating agents, including those of plant origin, are indicated.
• Normalization of vaginal microbiocenosis. The use of probiotics locally and orally allows you to restore the vaginal microflora, which inhibits the pathological activity of ureaplasmas.
• Enzyme preparations. Enzymes have an anti-inflammatory effect and enhance tissue regeneration processes.
• Vitamin therapy. For general strengthening purposes, multivitamin and vitamin-mineral complexes are used in the complex treatment of ureaplasmosis in women.

It is important to note that the indications for prescribing etiotropic antiureaplasma treatment are limited. As a rule, antibiotics are used when ureaplasma is detected in patients with treatment-resistant chronic inflammatory processes and reproductive dysfunction in the absence of other STI pathogens. Also, an antibacterial course is recommended for carriers of ureaplasma who are planning a pregnancy.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for ureaplasmosis in women is favorable. Etiotropic treatment allows you to completely get rid of the bacterium, however, due to the lack of passive immunity and the high prevalence of the pathogen, re-infection is possible. Since ureaplasma is an opportunistic microorganism, a rational sleep and rest schedule, seasonal maintenance of immunity, reasonable prescription of invasive methods for diagnosing and treating diseases of the female genital area, and the use of barrier contraception are important for the prevention of inflammation. To prevent pathological activation of the pathogen during planned pregnancy, prophylactic antibiotic therapy is recommended for women with ureaplasma carriage.

The bacteria Ureaplasma urealyticum causes ureaplasmosis, a disease of the genitourinary system. Where does ureaplasma come from? healthy person? The mucous membrane of the genital tract of every person is inhabited by bacteria and protozoa. If you take a smear from the mucous membrane and examine it under a microscope, you can detect a constant composition of microorganisms characteristic of a given person.

There are 2 types of microflora:

1. Useful. This category includes all microorganisms that perform some function for humans.
2. Conditionally pathogenic. This category includes protozoa and bacteria, which do not cause harm until they multiply in excessive numbers.

Ureaplasma is an opportunistic bacterium that can be found in every second woman.

Transmission of bacterial infection

If own immunity If women successfully control the proliferation of opportunistic microflora, then sexual contact does not pose a danger to the partner. If a woman’s immune system is weakened, she can get ureaplasmosis herself and pass it on to her sexual partner. A man’s immunity is also important.

The same amount of ureaplasma can cause disease with weakened protection and not cause any harm with a strong immune system.

Transmission of infection between adults occurs only through sexual contact. Men are also capable of transmitting ureaplasmosis, and since they rarely consult a urologist in the absence of complaints, the disease may not be diagnosed. Ureaplasmosis needs to be treated, especially for those couples who are planning a pregnancy. During childbirth, the child is often infected, and the newborn’s immunity is not ready to suppress ureaplasma and related infections. To diagnose the disease, women need to see a gynecologist, and men need to see a urologist. Infection with ureaplasma can occur without any symptoms. A person can independently recover from ureaplasmosis if he has strong immunity. But since it is not known in advance whether the immune system will be able to destroy the ureaplasma colony, medications are used for a reliable result. What measures can you take to protect yourself from ureaplasmosis?

1. Stable sexual relationships. An important point in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is the presence of a regular sexual partner.
2. Condoms, local contraceptives. Products such as vaginal anti-conception suppositories give the best results, since condoms are not able to completely prevent a woman’s lubricant from getting into the man’s mucous membranes.
3. Good immunity. Infection is also possible through oral sex, so only the effective functioning of one’s own immune system can provide protection in all cases.
4. Treatment with antibacterial agents. The use of mild antiseptics after sexual intercourse reduces the likelihood of transmitting ureaplasmosis. Drugs such as Chlorhexidine or Miramistin are used to treat the genitals in men and, if necessary, in women. A beneficial effect is achieved if sanitation is carried out in the first 2 hours after contact, the sooner the better.

Testing for ureaplasmosis is mandatory if the result is positive for pregnancy. If a woman is planning to give birth healthy child, both sexual partners need to be treated at the same time, since the infection can circulate between them. Cases of chronic ureaplasmosis and concomitant diseases arise from poor quality treatment of the acute form of the disease. A person can live with ureaplasmosis for years or decades without having any negative symptoms, but still infect other people. How dangerous the infection will be for them depends on the state of their immune system.

Ureaplasmosis in men

The disease affects not only the reproductive system, but also the urinary system in men. The first symptoms appear faintly:

• slight burning sensation when urinating;
• clear discharge from the urethra in a small volume;
• discomfort in the perineal area, in the prostate;
• sometimes the temperature can rise to 37.5 degrees.

Further spread of the infection leads to a number of serious problems in the functioning of the testicles, prostate, bladder and kidneys. ?

1. Prostatitis. Inflammation of the prostate gland is manifested by pain in the scrotum, perineum, erectile dysfunction and ejaculation. The prostate increases in size, the outflow of urine becomes difficult. Without treatment, impotence and chronic prostatitis may occur.
2. Urethritis. The most popular continuation of ureaplasmosis. Inflammation of the urethra makes itself felt by burning and pain when urinating, an irresistible urge, and white and yellowish discharge from the urethra. Swelling of the penis develops, the patient suffers from discomfort in the lower abdomen. Chronic urethritis periodically worsens and causes inconvenience and suffering.
3. Cystitis. As the infection moves up the urethra, the inflammation spreads to the bladder. If this process is not stopped, ureaplasma may enter the kidneys. The disease cystitis has symptoms such as fever, pain in the perineum, sharp pain when urinating. Incontinence and blood in the urine may also occur. Regarding cystitis, you need to contact a urologist, and if hot pain appears in the lower back, contact a nephrologist.
4. Epididymitis. The spread of ureaplasma to the testicles and appendages leads to swelling of the scrotum, the appearance of blood in the semen, and severe pain during ejaculation. If left untreated, ureaplasmosis causes infertility, heart attack and death of the testicles. Severe forms of epididymitis are treated inpatiently.

If you consult a urologist in a timely manner, ureaplasmosis can be treated quickly and without complications.

Ureaplasmosis in women

The clinical picture is very similar, with the exception of the consequences. In women, infection with ureaplasma causes spontaneous miscarriages, premature birth and infertility. Ureaplasmosis leads to inflammatory processes in the urinary and reproductive systems:

• endometritis;
• salpingo-oophoritis;
• myometritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• cystitis;
• urethritis.

In women, an asymptomatic course of the disease is also possible; mainly those patients who cannot get pregnant turn to the gynecologist with complaints.

If inflammation of the uterus and appendages develops, the woman experiences pain in the lower abdomen. Menstruation becomes irregular and the volume of discharge changes. Ureaplasmosis in women is often accompanied by infections such as candidiasis, chlamydia, and mycoplasmosis.

A decrease in local immunity provides an opportunity for the growth of pathogenic microflora. It is the violation of the vaginal microflora that is the most popular cause of infertility. Fortunately, this reason is easy to eliminate.

Treatment of ureaplasmosis

To detect ureaplasma using bacteriological examination, smears are taken from the urethra and vagina of women. For therapy, it is important to take into account the presence of concomitant infections. All detected pathogenic microorganisms are tested for antibiotic resistance. The course of medication is usually no more than 2 weeks; it is important to take it simultaneously with a regular sexual partner. Prescribed drugs containing azithromycin:

• Azivok, Azitral, Azitrox;
• Zitrolide, Hemomycin;
• Sumizid, Sumamed or analogues.

In addition, medications containing doxycycline may be prescribed:

• Doxycycline-Revo, Unidox, Solutab;
• Doxycycline Nycomed, Doxycycline hydrochloride;
• Vibramycin or analogues.

Concomitant infections, such as candidiasis, will require the use of antifungal drugs: Mikosyst or Fluconazole. Following the results of therapy, a control study is carried out to ensure that the treatment has achieved results. You should not stop taking antibiotics earlier than recommended by your doctor.

Where does ureaplasma come from in children? The bacteria is usually found in newborns, and babies get it from their mother. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, you need to be successfully treated for ureaplasmosis.

Among the bacteria that are causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases, gynecologists named ureaplasma as one of the most common. It belongs to the group of opportunistic microorganisms present in the natural microflora of the genitals, and the degree of its danger has not yet been determined. Is it necessary to start treatment if it was detected in a woman, and how does it manifest itself?

What is ureaplasma

A genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae and the order of mycoplasmas (unicellular microorganisms that are the simplest of those that reproduce independently) - this is the definition given in official medicine to ureaplasma. A little over half a century ago (in 1954), the bacterium Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from a patient suffering from nongonococcal urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Some characteristics of this microorganism:

The disease that this microorganism causes is called “ureaplasmosis” (one of the types of mycoplasmosis). It was diagnosed in some women suffering from infertility and chronic urogenital problems, but ureaplasmosis was not included in the current International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The manifestation of pathological activity of ureaplasma can lead to damage to the cervix, prostate gland, urethra (urethra), and may be accompanied by the following diseases:

• adnexitis (inflammatory process in the appendages);
• colpitis;
• cervicitis;
• cervical erosion;
• endometritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• vaginitis;
• gonorrhea;
• chlamydia.

Mechanism of disease development

The pathogenesis of ureaplasmosis is based on adhesive-invasive properties (the ability to overcome the membrane barrier and attach or adhere to a surface) and enzyme-forming properties. Thanks to them, the bacterium that entered the genitourinary organs:

1. Clings to the cylindrical epithelium located on the mucosa (attaches to its cells).
2. It merges with the cell membrane and thereby gains the ability to penetrate the cytoplasm: the internal liquid environment of the cell.
3. Begins the process of reproduction and production of an enzyme that has the ability to break down immunoglobulin A.

Against the background of what is happening (a decrease in the number of immunoglobulins of a particular group), the body’s defenses are reduced, and the immune response to the activity of infectious agents weakens. If the activity of ureaplasma, which has received pathogenic status, is low, the disease is asymptomatic, the inflammatory process is sluggish, and destructive changes are minimal. With high activity of the bacterium (against the background of accompanying factors), the symptoms of ureaplasmosis appear, because:

• tissue permeability increases;
• the vascular reaction increases;
• epithelial cells begin to break down.

Is it necessary to treat ureaplasma?

The hostility of the microorganism to a healthy person (when ureaplasma in women is opportunistic) continues to be discussed in modern medicine. Doctors detect the bacterium in 60% of adults who do not have pathological processes in the body, and in 30% of newborns, but it can remain in a harmless state for years. If the microflora of the vagina and urinary tract is normal, this is a sufficient protective barrier that prevents inflammation. If symptoms of ureaplasmosis appear, you need to attend to the issue of treatment.

Causes of manifestation

Like most other bacteria that are opportunistic in nature, ureaplasma is present among the natural microflora of the genital organs and urinary tract in 70% of women. Doctors diagnose it in every 3rd newborn and even in schoolgirls who are not sexually active (more than 20% of teenage girls), but it makes itself felt only in rare cases. The development of ureaplasmosis begins only against the background of the appearance of certain factors that transform an opportunistic microorganism into an infectious agent:

• Hormonal imbalances are the primary cause of the development of ureaplasmosis in pregnant women entering menopause and taking hormone-based medications. An equally important point is diseases of the endocrine system, especially those related to the functioning of the ovaries.
• Decreased immunity – both due to the use of immunosuppressants (drugs that suppress the body’s defenses: prescribed for the treatment of oncology), and against the background of infectious viral or bacterial diseases: influenza, ARVI, etc.
• Vaginal dysbiosis - a violation of the natural microflora of the vagina, gynecologists associate mainly with an imbalance hormonal levels, sexually transmitted infections, violation of intimate hygiene rules. This situation provokes the activity of all opportunistic microorganisms, so candidiasis (thrush) may appear with ureaplasmosis.
• Invasive interventions - not only abortion (mainly the curettage procedure), but also the therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations of a gynecologist are dangerous: urethroscopy, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, surgical intervention for cervical erosion.
• Frequent changes of sexual partners - unprotected sex and the constant appearance of casual sexual partners lead to the introduction of infectious agents into the vagina, which provokes the activation of ureaplasma and other opportunistic microorganisms against the background of general changes in the microflora.

Transmission routes

Ureaplasma occurs much more often in women than in men (they have a tendency to self-heal), so they are considered the main carriers of the infection. Among all transmission routes, sexual is the leading one - among all infected people, about 80% are people who have sexual contacts, especially without a regular partner. Transmission of the causative agent of ureaplasmosis is possible both during unprotected vaginal intercourse and during oral intercourse. Bacteria present:

• in women - in the secretion of the cervical canal, vagina;
• in men - in prostate secretions, urethra, sperm.

Some doctors suggest the possibility of infection through household contact: through personal hygiene items of the patient, but the theory has not yet been properly confirmed. It is almost impossible to become infected in a bathhouse, swimming pool and other public places. In addition, there are several other ways that are relevant for childhood infection:

• During childbirth, when passing through the birth canal, small children become infected (30% of newborn girls get ureaplasmosis), even if the mother does not experience symptoms of ureaplasmosis.
• Through amniotic fluid (in utero through the placenta) - bacteria will be found in oral cavity, nasopharynx, conjunctiva. Infection mainly occurs in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, when the disease worsens in the mother.

Types of ureaplasma in women

There are several ways to classify this disease: according to the severity of its manifestations, it is often divided into asymptomatic carriage and an active inflammatory process (typical of other forms). The duration of ureaplasmosis is:

• Early - is divided into sluggish (erased symptoms, can be observed in the incubation period - 2-4 weeks), acute (pronounced manifestations, may be accompanied by severe intoxication; lasts 1-2 months, damage mainly the urinary system), subacute (transitional stage to chronic ).
• Chronic - appears 2 months after the development of any of the previous forms. The organs of the reproductive system may be affected. Mostly it looks similar to carriage, but is periodically accompanied by relapses, manifesting itself as an acute form. Stress factors are often the catalyst.

Carriage

The most common option is when ureaplasma is present in women’s bodies, but does not manifest itself at all. Carriage in the absence of risk factors may never make itself felt, as in the case of a latent (hidden) course of the disease, but the bacterium is transmitted to a sexual partner. As soon as immunity decreases, a stressful situation occurs, hormonal levels become unstable, a woman may experience erased symptoms (rare mucous discharge, vaginal itching), but the general condition will remain normal, and the described manifestations will quickly disappear on their own.

Acute ureaplasmosis

If sexually transmitted infection occurs, after the incubation period an acute stage of infection will manifest itself, which in its clinical picture is similar to the manifestations of other sexually transmitted diseases. They may suffer from frequent urge to urinate (the process is uncomfortable), pain in the lower abdomen, discomfort during sexual intercourse, and a slight rise in temperature. Symptoms persist for no longer than 2 months.

Chronic

Symptoms at this stage may be absent, but if the bacterium is not active during carriage, then during the chronic course of the disease its pathological activity is hidden. The transition from acute to chronic form takes 1.5-2 months. From time to time, a woman may experience relapses or develop complications in the organs of the urinary system, resulting in:

• mucous discharge mixed with bloody discharge;
• pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back;
• symptoms of cystitis (impaired urination with inflammation of the bladder).

Symptoms and signs of the disease

How activated ureaplasma will manifest itself in women depends on several factors: the general condition of the body, the presence of additional diseases (especially sexually transmitted diseases - diseases that provoke chlamydia, gonococcus and other bacteria), and even the route of infection. So, women who get the disease during oral sex will experience signs of sore throat and pharyngitis. Mostly the symptoms are:

• vaginal discharge (from weak transparent to cloudy yellowish and even bloody);
• discomfort or pain when urinating and increased urge to urinate;
• cutting pain in the lower abdomen (if endometritis, adnexitis are associated);
• vaginal pain during sexual intercourse;
• weakness, increased fatigue;
• low-grade fever.

The main symptoms of ureaplasma in women are similar to those that appear during other inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, which complicates the process of independent home diagnosis. If the transmission of a pathogenic microorganism occurs during sexual intercourse, symptoms will begin to appear after 2-4 weeks (incubation period), but often (more than 70% of cases) even the disease that begins in a woman does not make itself felt.

Why is ureaplasmosis dangerous in women?

The mere presence of an opportunistic bacteria in the body is not a cause for concern, but microorganisms settled on the walls of the vagina, uterus, and bladder can be activated at any time when one of the factors described above appears. The result will be the development of a disease that, in the absence of timely and proper treatment, will develop into a chronic form. Relapses will begin against the background:

• colds;
• hypothermia;
• third-party inflammatory processes;
• stressful situations;
• active alcohol consumption;
• heavy physical activity;
• other reasons for decreased immunity.

The main consequence is a general deterioration in the woman’s condition, against the background of which the body temperature may rise, but this is not why ureaplasmosis becomes dangerous. Against the background of a chronic inflammatory process caused by ureaplasma, concomitant diseases and pathologies develop in the body (mainly in the reproductive and urinary systems):

• inflammatory process in the kidneys (pyelonephritis);
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• inflammatory process in bladder(cystitis);
• formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes;
• inflammatory processes in the joints;
• narrowing of the urethra (urethra);
• inflammatory process on the walls of the uterus (endometritis), in the appendages or in other areas;
• the appearance of stones in the kidneys or bladder;
• inflammation of the vagina (colpitis);
• menstrual irregularities;
• infertility (due to the permanent inflammatory process, it is equally possible in women and men - the latter receive an infection during sexual intercourse from a sick woman).

Ureaplasma infection during pregnancy

Gynecologists advise a woman who is planning to give birth to a child to be examined for the presence of ureplasma, since during pregnancy the risk of its activation is especially high. Even a small amount of these bacteria, which are in a conditionally pathogenic state, can lead to the development of ureaplasmosis - due to fluctuations in hormonal levels and a natural decrease in immunity. There are several reasons for examination and treatment before pregnancy:

• In the 1st trimester, it is prohibited to use antibiotics (they are the only strong medicine against ureaplasma), since such therapy will negatively affect the development of the fetus. As a result, the active development of the disease will begin, which is especially dangerous for the baby in the first weeks - from the 2nd trimester he is less vulnerable.
• Severe inflammation associated with autoimmune processes in the endometrium can cause primary placental and secondary fetoplacental insufficiency: conditions in which morphofunctional disorders occur in the placenta. The result is problems with fetal development (with an increased risk of anomalies), up to the appearance of diseases in the perinatal period.
• The most terrible consequence of ureaplasmosis in a woman bearing a child at any stage is not only premature birth, but also termination of pregnancy due to miscarriage.

Diagnostics and identification of the pathogen

Doctors say that the diagnosis is not made based on the presence of ureaplasma in the body - the more important point is the number of these microorganisms and the mass of their spread throughout the genitourinary system. The symptoms that the patient complains about are necessarily taken into account, but the basis is laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. The check must be comprehensive, especially in the presence of concomitant diseases, and includes:

• Bacterial culture for ureaplasma (culture test) - inoculation of biomaterial (for women, a smear and vaginal discharge is used) on a nutrient medium, as a result of which it is possible to isolate bacterial colonies and subsequently determine their resistance to specific antibiotics.
• PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction) - helps to track the DNA molecules of infection present in the body. This is done by taking a smear. This analysis is highly accurate; after the end of treatment, 3 weeks later it can be re-administered to check the quality of the therapeutic measures taken.
• Serological testing is considered the most significant for women suffering from infertility or having diseases that are on the list of potential complications of ureaplasmosis. It consists of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and RIF (immunofluorescence reaction) tests. They are aimed at identifying antigens to the cellular composition of the walls of a given bacterium; a smear is taken to conduct them.

Treatment regimen for ureaplasma in women

According to official medical statistics, when diagnosing ureaplasma in women, it is found together with mycoplasma and chlamydia, therefore several types of antibiotics are included in the treatment regimen. The doctor must select specific therapeutic methods, but an approximate course is as follows:

1. Impact on the pathogen - this is done by antibiotics selected for a specific microorganism through bacterial culture.
2. Elimination of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system (groups of medications and procedures depend on the specific problem).
3. Local control of infection using suppositories that have antiseptic or antibacterial properties.
4. Restoration of the bacterial microflora of the intestines and vagina after treatment with antibiotics (probiotics are used, mainly on lactobacilli).
5. Strengthening the immune system with the help of immunostimulants/immunomodulators, vitamin and mineral complexes.
6. Repeat tests after 2-3 weeks to check the effectiveness of treatment.

Additionally, a diet that is relevant for all stages of treatment must be added here: excluded fatty food, salty, spicy. The woman is advised to limit sexual intercourse and, if necessary, sanitize the vagina. In some situations, doctors advise undergoing a course of physiotherapy, which eliminates unpleasant symptoms and improves the penetration of drugs locally.

Etiotropic antibiotic therapy

Drugs that help stop the proliferation of the pathogenic microorganism and kill it are selected during a diagnostic examination, which helps to establish the sensitivity of ureaplasma to specific antibacterial substances. Self-prescription of such medications is unacceptable! Treatment lasts 1-2 weeks. The following groups of antibiotics can influence ureaplasmosis:

• Macrolides (Josamycin, Midecamycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin) are relatively safe, can be used in pregnant women from the 2nd trimester, and have a minimal number of side effects.
• Tetracycline series (Unidox, Doxycycline) - prohibited for pregnant women. Ureaplasmas are insensitive to tetracycline in 10% of cases, so it is classified as a reserve substance.
• Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet) are not recommended during pregnancy or cerebral vascular pathologies. Additionally, the fluoroquinolone series increases the sensitivity of the skin to UV rays, so sunbathing during treatment is prohibited.
• Aminoglycosides (Neomycin, Spectinomycin) are rarely prescribed, but they work at all phases of bacterial development and are effective even in severe forms of the disease.
• Lincosamines (Dalacin, Clindamycin) are effective against mycoplasma, their principle of action is related to macrolides, and they activate the mechanisms of nonspecific defense of the microorganism.
• Probiotics - some of them (Bifidumbacterin, Linex) have activity against pathogens, but their main purpose is to normalize the microflora. The advantages include safety of use in pregnant women.

Suppositories for ureaplasma in women

Doctors advise influencing pathogenic microorganisms from all sides, so local use of antiseptic and bacterial agents, presented in suppository format. They can have a vaginal or rectal purpose and, in addition to influencing the pathogen, have a symptomatic effect: eliminate pain, itching, burning, and minimize inflammation. Predominantly prescribed:

• Genferon is an antibacterial and antiviral agent, has an analgesic effect, and stimulates local immunity. The composition is combined (interferon, taurine, benzocaine), works systemically. Suppositories are used vaginally 2 times a day, the course of treatment is 10 days (chronic forms of the disease - 1-3 months, but use every other day).
• Hexicon - prescribed as a weekly course, allowed during pregnancy. Used 1 time/day, vaginally. They work on chlorhexidine, so they only have an antiseptic effect. They do not have a systemic effect and are not used alone.

Immunotherapy

Drugs that increase the body’s defenses have almost no effect on pathogenic microorganisms, but without them, firstly, even after a complete cure, a new infection is possible. Secondly, they help speed up the healing process because they set the body up to fight on its own. For this purpose use:

• Immunostimulants – give a boost to the immune system, helping to more actively produce protective cellular components. They can be stimulators of nonspecific resistance of the body (Methyluracil), humoral immune reactions (Myelopid), cellular immunity (Timoptin, Timalin). May be of plant or synthetic origin. The safest for pregnant women is Lysozyme, which has additional antibacterial properties.
• Immunomodulators (Wobenzym, Cycloferon) - are of high importance in autoimmune diseases, adjust the protective system. The function of immunomodulators is performed by probiotics, cytostatics, anti-Rhesus immunoglobulins, hormonal agents and even some antibiotics (cyclosporine, rapamycin).

Taking vitamins and probiotics

Both during etiotropic treatment and after, it is necessary to restore the microflora of the vagina (with long-term use of antibiotics - and intestines) and take a course of restorative vitamin-mineral complexes. Probiotics are used internally and externally, which will help completely suppress the pathological activity of bacteria. Doctors advise using the following medications:

• To eliminate intestinal dysbiosis - Linex, Bacteriobalance, Bificol: contain lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
• Local vaginal probiotics – Vagisan, Gynoflor, Vagilak, Bifidumbacterin.
• Vitamin and mineral complexes - Alphabet, Solutab, Biovitrum, Complivit (it is advisable to select them with a doctor, based on the deficiency of specific elements).

Vaginal sanitation

Treatment of ureaplasma in women necessarily involves antiseptic treatment of the vaginal mucosa (sanitation), which is carried out using any local means that have this property. The technique makes sense both during treatment and for the prevention of re-infection. For sanitation use:

• ointments;
• vaginal tablets;
• suppositories;
• solutions.

If the procedure is performed in a clinic, a vacuum or ultrasound method can be used. At home, sanitation is carried out after washing the genitals, the course of treatment lasts 2 weeks. Every day, a woman injects 10 ml of chlorhexidine into the vagina, lying on her back and slightly raising her pelvis. After the procedure, you should not wash your face; you should refrain from urinating for 2.5 hours.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

Doctors call electrophoresis the most useful of all physical therapy options (prescribed for sexually transmitted diseases): it helps to deliver medications locally faster and more reliably. It is especially valuable in chronic inflammatory processes. Additionally, we may recommend:

• Magnetic therapy - can also involve the administration of medications; it is the effect of a magnetic field on the genitals.
• Laser irradiation is the effect of a special laser on the urethra to relieve pain, relieve inflammation, and stimulate local immunity.
• Exposure to dry heat - has an analgesic effect, increases lymph flow, is especially useful when cystitis occurs. In case of exacerbation, this technique is not used.

Prevention and prognosis

With timely and correctly carried out etiotropic treatment, it is possible to completely destroy the pathogen, but re-infection of the woman is not excluded. Due to the nature of the transmission of infection, a reliable way to protect against it (mainly from an increase in the number of bacteria in the vagina and changes in its microflora) is to use a condom during sexual intercourse, including oral. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid frequent changes of sexual partners and:

• after accidental sexual intercourse, use local antiseptics (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin);
• monitor your immunity (take immunostimulants periodically in courses);
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• undergo a preventive examination by a gynecologist annually;
• promptly treat diseases of the genitourinary system.

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A woman's health is important for her entire family. If in female body If a large amount of, for example, Ureaplasma urealyticum begins to be produced, then both the partner and the newborn baby may suffer. It is recommended that everyone, especially expectant parents, know how to distinguish the signs of the appearance of harmful bacteria and treatment methods.

The mucous membrane of the genital organs contains various types of microorganisms. The former are necessary for normal human life, and the latter, in small quantities, do not cause harm until they begin to increase in size. refers specifically to such opportunistic bacteria, which with population growth leads to the manifestation of the disease.

Infection can occur either in an acute form (quickly acquired symptoms) or in a chronic form (the most common course of a cold). Unpleasant sensations are not paid due attention, resulting in a prolonged progression of the disease. A long absence of medical intervention provokes problems with the mucous membrane of the vagina, uterus and appendages. What adversely affects the entire female system and during pregnancy leads to possible complications.

Symptoms of the first ailments may appear only after 2-4 weeks after infection. During the incubation period, the woman does not feel any changes, but she is already a carrier and distributor of the disease.

Signs may not be noticeable. This behavior is typical for an infection that develops in the female body over the years. The inflammatory process does not cause any special sensations; it is similar to common diseases of the genitourinary organs.

The following symptoms are identified:

• frequent painful trips to the toilet, as with cystitis
• pain in the upper part of the pubic area - lower abdomen
• unusual profuse cloudy discharge, especially in the morning
• burning sensation when making love and visiting the women's room
• in rare cases, increased body temperature
• chronic for unexplained reasons

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Thus, if you experience any minor pain or discomfort, it is recommended to consult a female doctor. Timely treatment will avoid many troubles.

Causes of pathology

In order to acquire any viral or cold disease, you don’t need much - just a decrease in immunity. With a high level of protective properties of the body, harmful microbes inside the genital organs exist in acceptable quantities. But with the slightest decrease in resistance, population growth increases.

Suppressed immunity can provoke the following causes of pathology:

• severe psychological stress
• hormone therapy
• use of means of protection against unwanted pregnancy, for example, an intrauterine device
• alcohol abuse
• promiscuity
• genital surgery
• common illness
• pregnancy
• abortion
• basic non-compliance with intimate hygiene rules

The following segments of the population are most susceptible to the disease:

• gay people
• up to 29-30 years (in the active stage of sexual activity)
• teenagers under 18 years of age who learned adult pleasures early
• frequently changing partners

Thus, it is quite easy to become infected with ureaplasmosis, given modern stressful situations. Any decrease in the body’s resistance to illness provokes the development of an inflammatory process. They advise you to carefully monitor your health.

Danger of ureaplasma infection

The only danger of ureaplasma infection is that it has the ability to develop into other diseases.

Past illnesses and stress can intensify the disease. There is a deterioration in general condition and a slight increase in temperature. The appearance of ureaplasma can provoke the development large quantity ailments:

• , colpitis
• pyelonephritis
• formation of stones in the genitourinary system
• joint inflammation
• infertility
• pathologies of pregnancy and fetus separately
• inflammatory processes in the female organs

In addition, ureaplasma is dangerous for women in an interesting position. Infection leads to miscarriage early stages and frozen pregnancy. When registering at the antenatal clinic, it is mandatory to check for infections. If the diagnosis is confirmed, then expectant mother You should try your best to boost your immunity. Otherwise, treatment is only permissible after 22 weeks, when all the important organs of the little person are formed.

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Activation of ureaplasma in late pregnancy and lack of consultation with a doctor leads to disappointing results. A child passing through the birth canal may become infected. In newborn babies, the rods are located on the genitals (in girls) and in the nasal passages (in boys).

Thus, ureaplasma is a complex disease that can be transmitted not only sexually, but also from mother to child. Quick response and timely therapy allow you to get rid of the disease for a long time.

Diagnosis of ureaplasma infection

In order to make a correct diagnosis, a specialist conducts a series of studies. At the initial examination, the doctor will conduct a survey on complaints (what ailments, how often and when they appeared). Then it identifies the reasons that caused the appearance of ureaplasma infection. The doctor examines the patient’s skin, as well as the mucous membranes of the genital tract.

The most informative analysis is bacterial culture. Such diagnostics will reliably determine the existence of foreign microorganisms within 3 days. In addition, the results show which medications the patient can take and which are undesirable.

Sowing is carried out during the initial examination. The second time you need to take the material to exclude residual formations - no earlier than 2 weeks after the end of the course.

The following tests must also be taken:

1. Sowing ureaplasma on a nutrient medium - calculates the actual number of pathogenic microorganisms. The patient's morning urine is required for culture.
2. Cytological analysis of scrapings determines the number of leukocytes. A scraping is taken from the walls of the vagina, from the urethra, from the cervical canal. The optimal time for a smear is 2-3 hours after the last trip to the toilet. The smear is placed in a favorable environment similar to the one in which the microorganisms were located and their development and growth are observed.
3. The polymer chain reaction method most accurately determines the causative agent of the inflammatory process in just a day.