Annenkovs in Nizhny Novgorod. House of the Annenkov family House of the Annenkovs

In 1786, this site passed to Jacobi's daughter A.I. Annenkova, who was called the "Queen of Golconda" for her enormous wealth. It was here that her son, Decembrist and member of the Southern Society Ivan Annenkov spent his childhood and youth.

The life of the Annenkov family is described in the memoirs of the Decembrist's wife, Frenchwoman Polina Goble.

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After the arrest of the Decembrist, she followed him into exile. The conditions were unenviable: Ivan Annenkov even came to the wedding ceremony under escort. This story inspired Alexandre Dumas to write The Fencing Master. Not surprisingly, the book was banned in Russia. It only spurred interest in her.

The house on Kuznetsky Most belonged to the Annenkovs until 1837. Then the Mikhalkovs bought it and turned it into a profitable property. The building housed restaurants, hotels and photo studios.

After the revolution, in the premises of the confectionery "Tremblay" in the house of the Annenkovs, a cafe of poets "Musical snuffbox" was opened. Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Shershenevich, Burliuk read their works there. And in 1920, the building housed the editorial office of the Big Soviet encyclopedia».

Despite the official status of an architectural monument, during the reconstruction in 1946 the Annenkovs' house was demolished. A square appeared in its place, where the summer terrace of the Druzhba cafe was located for 40 years.

In 2002, an office and shopping center "Berlinsky Dom" appeared on the corner with Petrovka. Architectural critics believe that the building violates the existing scale of street development and is one of the ten ugliest houses in Moscow.

Annenkovs in Nizhny Novgorod

{The essay was compiled by S.Ya. Gessen and A.V. Predtechensky based on the stories of E.K. Gagarina, according to the documents of the family archive and according to the letters of the Decembrists to the Annenkovs (collection of the Pushkin House).) Source : Polina Annenkova. Memories Moscow: Zakharov, 2003. - 384 p. -- (Series "Biographies and Memoirs"). OCR Lovetskaya T.Yu. Annenkov did not immediately decide to leave Tobolsk, when the manifesto of Alexander II opened the way for the Decembrists to European Russia . By this time, Ivan Alexandrovich's immobility had acquired Homeric proportions. No wonder the pupil of the Decembrists, the Tobolsk seminarian M.S. Znamensky, recalled that he even took a napkin at dinner "with such a lazy look with which I was able to take only one Cicero." Decembrist L.S. Bobrischev-Pushkin joked angrily that it takes Annenkov two hours to move from one chair to another. It was not easy for such a person to set out on a long journey in winter, and all the impatience of Praskovya Yegorovna, who was burning with the desire to go to Russia as soon as possible, seemed to lead to nothing. So, in various delays, 1856 ended, and with the advent of the next year, 1857, Ivan Alexandrovich fell seriously ill, and his very life was in danger. Under such conditions, the question of departure, of course, was again postponed indefinitely. But even then, when Annenkov had already begun to recover, due to poor health, he still did not dare to embark on a long journey, Praskovya Yegorovna was nervous and moping in Tobolsk, the children - Olga and Ivan, who had long been in Russia, yearned and did not know to explain these delays. And Annenkov remained in gloomy indecision, despite the insistence of his Decembrist friends, who had long since moved over to the other side of the Urals and persuaded Ivan Alexandrovich to follow their example as soon as possible. “I am sure,” Svistunov wrote from Nizhny Novgorod, “that the journey will correct you more surely than all the medicines put together. Set off on your journey as soon as possible.” From the very beginning, Annenkov had the idea of ​​moving to Nizhny, where the Decembrist A.N. Muravyov was then governor. His comrades worked in this direction. Svistunov, who was about to move from Nizhny to Kaluga, took care in advance of finding premises for the Annenkovs and bequeathed to them all his home furnishing. He, together with I.I. Pushchin and E.I. Yakushkin, the son of a Decembrist, fussed about his official position upon his return to Russia. Among other concerns, Annenkov was worried about the prospect of being subjected to new petty supervision in his homeland. This anxiety was not unfounded, and its sources are extremely curious for characterizing the position of the amnestied Decembrists in general. On January 16, 1857, from Nizhny Novgorod, Svistunov wrote to Annenkov “regarding a paper known to you, which spoke of supervision, to which Minister Lanskoy, or, rather, an official of his office, wanted to subject you with his private order. Sergei Petrovich (Trubetskoy) wrote to his sister Potemkina, referring to the Russian proverb "where the tsar favors, the kennel will not demote". She spoke to Dolgoruky, whom she met in the salon, who testified to her that he had not heard of any order regarding supervision of you by anyone. The most curious thing about this is that there is a paper from one of the ministers to the Siberian governors, in which two categories are required: one for those who are amnestied, the other for those left under supervision. Viktor Antonovich (Artsimovich) sent an official to the local governor, through whom he instructed him to establish supervision over Pushchin. The governor was extremely surprised by this news and turned to the minister for clarification. He believes that this is secret supervision, and, therefore, the business of the gendarmerie, while he has neither the authority nor the means for this. "Soon after that, the question of Annenkov's transfer took shape. On February 7, Svistunov informed Ivan Alexandrovich that I heard from the governor himself about his transfer. After that, however, it took about six months for the combined efforts of Praskovya Yegorovna and his Decembrist friends to take effect. state", and at the end next month The Annenkovs left for Nizhny. Praskovya Yegorovna was close to sixty years old when she returned to Russia. The noisy thunderstorms were far behind, and life, which was becoming more and more routine, no longer required that colossal exertion of all mental strength as before. Even through thirty years of exile, in spite of all hardships and illnesses, she seemed to carry her amazing vitality intact. The Siberian snows were powerless to put out the fire that burned in her, but now, at sunset, this fire itself could only illuminate the family hearth. The Annenkovs settled permanently in Nizhny. They rented a house on Bolshaya Pechorka. Everything experienced in a new way brought up their tastes, limiting their needs. Therefore, their furnishings were extremely modest: in the living room there was a sofa, three armchairs on each side, chairs along the walls, and near the window a couch, Praskovya Yegorovna's favorite place. The family was dominated by a strict, once-for-all established order. While Praskovya Yegorovna reigned supreme in the female half, Ivan Alexandrovich played the leading role in all other matters. And I must say that in domestic life he was extremely despotic: the whole house lived as Annenkov wanted. For Praskovya Yegorovna, with her French upbringing, this state of affairs seemed quite natural, and she could not imagine any other life. And the imperious nature of Annenkov often made itself very thoroughly felt by all family members. So, without his permission, no one, not even his wife, had the right to order the horses to be laid down, and usually they were forced to walk. But when a fair happened in the city, all the city's shops, except for edible ones, were transferred there. Getting to the fair on foot, due to the distance, was extremely difficult. In such cases, it was necessary to turn to Praskovya Yegorovna for help, who, having seized a happy moment from her husband, received the required permission. Horses, unharnessed, swollen with fat, were taken out of the stable for several days, which got tired unusually quickly and, by the time they returned home, were literally completely covered with soap. Ivan Alexandrovich stood on the porch and invariably, at the sight of the lathered horses, became angry with the visitors: "They drove the horses again!" His care for horses extended to the point that he personally tried not to disturb them. "I'll be at home on Saturday," he writes to his wife during one of his trips, "for me it's not worth disturbing the horses. A cart will be enough for a suitcase, and I'll come in a cab." The family got up and had a snack at nine o'clock in the morning, after which Ivan Alexandrovich usually retired to his office, or to the "Noble Office", located at home, or went to the zemstvo council. Dinner was at five, and, in the interval, according to his routine, he was not supposed to eat. With difficulty, O.I. Ivanova to get permission from her mother to give her children breakfast. Breakfasts took place, it is true, in the dining room, but at a small table, hastily, and Praskovya Yegorovna invariably stood at the door leading to Ivan Alexandrovich's rooms, in such a way that he could in no way see this violation of order. “Well, eat, eat quickly,” Praskovya Yegorovna hurried, “otherwise grandfather will see! ..” At five o’clock the whole family gathered for dinner, which lasted two hours, for Annenkov ate extremely slowly and a lot, and, despite the fact that there were 6-5 courses, he always took the second portion, and until he finished, of course, the next dish was not served. After dinner, Ivan Alexandrovich went to bed for two hours, and then deathly silence reigned in the house, although he slept like a heroic sleep, so that no noise could disturb him. In the evening, the old people sat down in the living room, he on the sofa, she on the couch, with sewing or knitting. Annenkov sat invariably in the same position, crossing his legs in such a way that he could see his sole. Apparently, it was still a prison habit. At least, Praskovya Yegorovna said that he sat like that in the fortress for hours on end. In his hand he always had a snuffbox, and often the hand with a snuff of snuff remained hanging in the air for a long time. So they sat until two and three in the morning, deep in their thoughts. Praskovya Yegorovna, even in her old age, was the exact opposite of her husband. She was never idle, and her mobility knew no bounds. Although she never learned to speak Russian well and expressed herself terribly, nevertheless she communicated excellently and very energetically with the servants. Of course, it was not without curiosities. So, somehow, while taking care of the flowers, of which there were many in the first room, she shouted to the footman: "Scarey, scary, bring a filthy chair!" "What filthy chair?" -- "From the kitchen! Filthy chair!" The granddaughter guessed that it was supposed to mean a stool. For all that, Praskovya Yegorovna kept the household in exemplary order. True, the Annenkovs lived in isolation. But although they did not arrange receptions, nevertheless, due to the high and influential position that Ivan Alexandrovich occupied in Nizhny, people went to them all day long. He did not always even go out, and Praskovya Yegorovna received everyone. She constantly rushed about the house, and often Ivan Alexandrovich, sitting in an armchair, shouted to his wife, who was somewhere upstairs on the mezzanine: "Polina, give me a handkerchief," although this latter lay two steps away from him. The center of concern for the Annenkovs was children. These worries became especially acute back in Siberia, as the sons began to grow up, and it was necessary to think about their future fate. In 1849, the eldest son Vladimir graduated from the gymnasium, and Ivan Alexandrovich began to fuss about getting him into the university. His efforts were unsuccessful, and the talented and gifted young man was forced to begin his service as a clerical clerk. But even in those difficult times, his undeniable merits prevailed over the stigma of "the son of a state criminal", and subsequently he reached the post of chairman of the district court. The second son of the Annenkovs, Ivan, also began his career in the same way. Very soon, however, he decided to go to military service, where he thought to find more opportunities to move forward, and a new lengthy correspondence ensued. Only at the end of December Annenkov found out that "the Sovereign Emperor, at the most humble report at the request of the provincial secretary Annenkov (from among the former state criminals), deigned the highest command: his son, Ivan Annenkov, who completed the course at the Tobolsk gymnasium, with the right to the rank of 14th class, to determine in accordance with his desire to enter the military service as a non-commissioned officer without an exam, on the rights of a volunteer of the 1st category. This Ivan, Vanyusha, who was not distinguished by a particularly positive character and enjoyed dizzying success with women, was the subject of special care and concern for his parents. However, it should be noted that the Annenkovs gave their sons complete freedom of action, and if they happened to influence the children, then they did it completely insensitive to the latter. Younger son, Nikolai, who died around 1873, fell ill for a long time. Mention of his illness is found in a letter from Praskovya Egorovna to her husband dated April 11, 1859, and she uses a random occasion to teach her husband a little lesson about his constant fears: “The doctor who treated his son suffered a stroke that paralyzed my whole body, which This is a warning to you, dear friend: you are so afraid of any loss of blood, and yet you must thank God when this happens. In 1862, Annenkov, after much effort, managed to arrange Nikolai in Penza as a conciliator (as Ivan did later). On this occasion, in a letter to his wife, dated September 7, he burst into a bitter philippic about the disobedience of his sons: “There is no way with children. . The death of Nikolai was the last blow that 73-year-old Praskovya Yegorovna was destined to endure. She bore this loss with her characteristic stoicism, but could not recover at all. She stopped traveling, and then the heavy duty of escorting the youngest, unmarried daughter of Natalia to the balls fell on Ivan Alexandrovich, who performed this duty with his usual accuracy and method. Natalya, who showed signs of mental disorder, was painfully afraid of everything cold to such an extent that she did not touch the doorknob with her bare hand. Therefore, Ivan Alexandrovich, a few times before leaving for the ball, put her bracelets in the pockets of his coat and methodically walked around the rooms, waiting for them to warm up. He was just as methodical and diligent in regard to all the duties he assumed. And there were many responsibilities. In addition to active participation in the implementation of the peasant reform and employment as a county marshal of the nobility, much attention had to be paid to his estates, which he inherited in an extremely neglected state, mortgaged and remortgaged in the Board of Trustees. Therefore, he often happened to travel on business, and any such trip was torture for Ivan Alexandrovich. He was going to travel for two weeks, or even longer. A suitcase was brought from the attic, which stood open for days on end, while Praskovya Yegorovna followed him around, insisting on a speedy departure. As before, before leaving Siberia, he came up with all sorts of delays and delays. But even after setting off on his journey, Annenkov showed an irresistible tendency to make various stops, although he himself reproached himself for this. His letters to Praskovya Yegorovna are full of explanations and interpretations of travel delays. Every time it happens that "the road is terrible", "a lot of snow has fallen", "one can move only at a step", etc. Like many Decembrists returned to Russia, Annenkov took an ardent and active part in the implementation of the peasant reform. He first encountered the issue of emancipating the peasants in 1858, when he was appointed a member of the government in the Committee for the Improvement of the Life of the Landlord Peasants. Later, he was a member of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial presence, and in this position he was closely related to the development of the reform of 1861. Finally, after the reform, Annenkov took the post of chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Congress of Peace Mediators. In this field, he earned great popularity among the advanced strata of Nizhny Novgorod society, who saw in him one of the most humane and convinced leaders of the peasant reform. So proceeded last years the old Decembrist and his wife, even at sunset, more than once clouded over with disturbing clouds. In 1860, Annenkov traveled abroad for four months. Following this, in 1861, Praskovya Yegorovna also went to her homeland. Unfortunately, no traces of her have been preserved about this trip, except for an accidental mention in the draft manuscript of memoirs. She was probably not absent for long, because Annenkov, positively, could not live without her. "You can't imagine how hard it is for me without you," he complained to her in 1862 from Penza. Praskovya Yegorovna in the family circle loved to play good-naturedly at this outward lack of independence and slowness of her husband. In his absence, she often recalled an incident from Annenkov's youth when he was late for a divorce and, in order to avoid a fine, put the soldiers on cabs and thus arrived on time at their destination. She also related another incident dating back to the time of their stay in Nizhny Novgorod. On the journey of the Grand Duchess, the future Empress Maria Feodorovna, Annenkov was supposed to have an audience, to which he went with youngest daughter. However, it took them so long to get ready and dress that they drove up to the Kremlin when all the carriages were already leaving. Having waited until the departure was over, Annenkov nonetheless drove to the Kremlin and asked to be informed about himself. An audience was given to him. Praskovya Yegorovna, who saw the passing through the window, greeted her husband with reproaches: "Well, of course you're late!" Annenkov, with his characteristic equanimity, answered: "Not at all. We were received separately." The death of Praskovya Yegorovna came suddenly. On the morning of September 14, 1876, she was found in bed already cold. On the same morning, in essence, the life of Ivan Alexandrovich also ended - he could not live without her, mental illness he progressed rapidly, and more than a year later, on January 27, 1878, he was gone. "After the death of I.A. Annenkov," the Decembrist Rosen wrote in his obituary, "eight of the so-called Decembrists survived." The circle of the first Russian revolutionaries, thinning, was already closing in...

Kuznetsky most

The history of the oldest and most elegant street in Moscow dates back to the 15th century. At that time, Ivan III founded the Cannon Yard, around which Kuznetskaya Sloboda was formed. Therefore, the bridge thrown in this place across the Neglinka River was called Kuznetsky. First, a wooden bridge was built, but since it began to flood, in 1756, instead of a wooden bridge, a white-stone, three-span, 12 m wide and 120 m long Kuznetsky bridge was built according to the project of D.V. Ukhtomsky. When the construction was coming to an end, Ukhtomsky thought: “If you build stone shops near the bridge and give free people for hire, then over time they will pay for themselves and the declared Kuznetsky Bridge and keep them in a state.”
His decision was approved, and fashionable shops and shops were founded near the bridge.
In 1819, the Neglinka River was enclosed in a pipe, and the bridge was filled up. Now Kuznetsky Most is underground, and all that remains of it is the name of the street.
Kuznetsky Most has always been a sanctuary of fashion. The most expensive and fashionable shops, the best restaurants and cafes were located here, the elite of Moscow society always gathered here.
Onlookers also gathered here to look at the experiment that the Moscow authorities staged: petty thieves caught stealing, dressed in latest fashion, forced to sweep this street, and the crowd accompanied all this with sharp jokes. Thus, the police punished these people for violating the order.
This street has always been loved by Europeans, especially the French as trendsetters. It was this love that saved the Kuznetsky Most in 1812 from a fire in Moscow: the French soldiers put out the fire themselves, saved the shops of their fellow citizens from the flames.
The aristocrats continued to buy everything on the Kuznetsk bridge. After the revolution of 1917, practically nothing has changed. Kuznetsky Most is again one of the most expensive streets in Moscow. It is here that everything new in Moscow appears: the first telephone exchange, the first illuminated advertising, and in 1924 the first traffic light.
Today, this street has not lost its chic, and to this day, couples in love, young people love to walk here, and guests of the capital have something to see on Kuznetsky Most:
1. Kuznetsky Most, 5/5 - Berlin House
2. Kuznetsky Most, 9/10 - restaurant "Yar"
3. Kuznetsky Most, 12 - Passage Pavlova
4. Kuznetsky Most, 15/8 - Moscow International Trade Bank
5. Kuznetsky Most, 19 - shop "Muir and Maryliz"
6. Kuznetsky Most, 22/24 - a complex of buildings of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

Length: 0.79 km

This place is considered to be the most romantic on the entire Kuznetsk bridge.
Despite the fact that in 2002 it was erected office building"Berlinsky Dom", which was built by agreement of the Mayor of Moscow Yu.M. Luzhkov and the mayor of Berlin, this building is included in the list of the ten "ugliest" buildings of the 2000s, many Muscovites still associate this place with the love story of one of the most romantic couples, Ivan Annenkov and Polina Gobl.
It was in this place that the Annenkovs' house was located, at the address: Kuznetsk house 5/5, in 1776 for the Governor-General of Siberia I.V. Jacobi built a large house with a classic semicircular extension with columns, to which two three-story buildings were added on both sides. According to assumptions, the architect of this house V.I. Bazhenov. In 1786, the house was given as a dowry to Anna Ivanovna, daughter of the governor-general, who married retired captain A. N. Annenkov. A. I. Annenkova, who became a widow in 1803, owned the house alone. The childhood and youth of Ivan Annenkov, the only son and heir to a huge fortune, passed here.
The fashion house "Dyumansi", located nearby, at the address: Kuznetsk house 9/10, where Polina worked, was located nearby. Here Anna Ivanovna Annenkova loved to shop, and her only son never refused to accompany her. He simply could not meet his beloved. Ivan Annenkov was good-looking - tall, slender, blue-eyed, and kind. Polina, a Frenchwoman by birth, immediately drew attention to him. Yes, and Ivan Annenkov noticed a slender, pretty, well-bred girl. They started dating. Ivan twice offered Polina a secret marriage, but Polina refused, realizing that his mother, Anna Ivanovna Annenkova, would be against an unequal marriage and would not give her blessing.
Shortly before the uprising on December 14, 1825, Annenkov told Polina that events were coming, for participation in which he could be exiled to hard labor, but Polina swore to him that she would follow him everywhere. Despite the fact that on the Senate Square I.A. Annenkov was not there, he was found guilty because he did not inform the authorities about the conspiracy that was being prepared, and was sentenced to 15 years in hard labor. All this time, Polina was in Moscow, as she was pregnant and was soon to give birth. After the birth of her daughter, she leaves her in the care of Ivan's mother, A.I. Annenkova, and she goes to St. Petersburg to file a petition in the name of Nicholas I. Her petition was accepted. The emperor, touched by her devotion to her beloved, allowed her to go to jail and ordered her to give a cash allowance, but forbade her to take the child with her to Siberia.
Polina describes the first date with I.A. Annenkov in hard labor in his memoirs, saying that it was impossible to describe the joy with which they threw themselves into each other's arms.
Polina could not become the wife of the heir to a huge fortune, but she was happy, becoming the wife of the exiled convict Ivan Annenkov and proudly bore the name Praskovya (after the wedding, Polina was given this name) Yegorovna Annenkova all her life. Finally, the lovers had no barriers. Before last days she cared for Ivan Annenkov, surrounded him with love and care, and until her death she did not take off the bracelet cast by Nikolai Bestuzhev from her husband's shackles.
Restaurant "Yar"
The history of the famous restaurant "Yar" originated in 1826, when on one of the oldest streets in Moscow - Kuznetsky Most, in the house of the merchant Shavanna (No. 9), an institution was opened that served gourmet lunches and dinners.
"... How long am I in anguish hungry
Fasting involuntary to observe
And with cold veal
Truffles Yar to remember?..."
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
For the first time, an article about the restaurant was published in the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper, which stated that the dishes in this establishment would be served at "very reasonable prices", which was not true. Even a meager breakfast in this restaurant cost an amount equal to the income of a middle-class family.
The name "Yar" has nothing to do with a spring, a ravine, the restaurant was built thanks to the Frenchman Tranquil Yard, after which he inherited the name of his creator.
The restaurant was located in a profitable place: in the same building there was a shop of the court perfumer L. Buns, a wine and snuff shop, a bookstore with the library of I. I. Gauthier, and this provided a huge flow of visitors. Also, "Yar" was visited by people crowned with glory, thanks to which it was considered a prestigious place. Dinner at the Yard is touched upon in A. Herzen's "Past and Thoughts", and is also mentioned at some points in the story "Youth" by L. N. Tolstoy and in the story "Unfortunate" by I. S. Turgenev. Important persons of the imperial families, the literary elite, bankers, stock market entrepreneurs spent their time here. The restaurant had enough of the "zeitgeist", the fabulous establishment was a place where people who made history met. The regular visitors of Yar were the universally recognized classics of world literature - A.S. Pushkin, A.P. Chekhov, A.I. Kuprin, Maxim Gorky, "tsar's friend" - G. Rasputin, Russian businessman and philanthropist Savva Morozov.
Despite the gigantic prices, "Yar" instantly became a trendsetter in the restaurant niche. However, the old unpretentious premises could no longer accommodate everyone, and already in 1848 the restaurant moved.
The building now houses a bank. The building belongs to the category of valuable objects.

Passage Pavlova

At the beginning of the 18th century, on the site of the current building at No. 12 along Kuznetsky Most Street, there were possessions of the steward I.M. Verderevsky. Further, the owners were many famous people, even Count P.B. Sheremetiev, and only in the 1870s the building passed into the possession of the merchant K.S. Popov, who completely demolishes the old buildings and erects a new Passage building according to the project of the architect A.I. Rezanov.
Due to the height of the building, this building dominated the street, it was visible from afar, so all the numerous shops were popular. Also, the apartments in this building were rented out to such famous people of that time, as: physicist A.A. Eikhenvald, artist of the Maly Theater M.A. Reshimov.
Also in a five-story building, one of the highest in Moscow at that time, the first Moscow telephone exchange was opened in 1882. At first, only men were hired to work, but they did not cope: they were often distracted and quarreled with clients. Now the proposals were only for unmarried girls, so that during work they would not think about anything else. The requirements were as follows: a girl, from 18 to 25 years old, unmarried, at least 165 cm tall. The work was very prestigious, but the girls could not withstand such a load for a long time, since work at the station required constant concentration, due to a telephone operator’s mistake, subscribers are not connected.
The Passage building continued to live. Love for everything new was in the blood of Popov's successors, so in 1885 the first illuminated advertising appeared on this building.
In 2005, the Pavlov passage was demolished and its exact copy was erected in its place, but built using new technologies. Today, this building houses government offices.
KUZNETSKY MOST, 15/8 Moscow International Commercial and Industrial Bank L.S. Polyakova
In the 70s. XVIII in the building, located on this site, belonged to the merchant Dellavos.
But the owners changed forever from year to year, and finally, it became the property of I.G. Firsanov, and a little later his daughter Vera Firsanova. In the mid-1890s, she sold this estate to Polyakov, who founded the Moscow International Trade Bank.
The entrance to the Bank building was from the corner of Rozhdestvenka and Kuznetsky Most Street. It was a very beautiful building for those times. The prototype of this Renaissance building was the world's first building built for bank employees, the building of the Holy Spirit in Rome. A semi-circular window above the entrance, a tower-shaped ledge that created the illusion of exaggerated size and made this house more grand at the intersection of two streets.
And in 1901, a restaurant was opened in the building, which differed from all other restaurants of that time in that it did not have ordinary waiters, and all service was carried out through special devices.
The restoration of this Bank was carried out only in 1995 according to the project of the architect V.A. Fighting at the expense of the owners of Mosbusinessbank.

Shop "Mur and Merliz"
The history of the modern "TSUM" began in the 19th century, when two Scottish entrepreneurs Archibald Merilize and Andrew Muir created the commercial company Muir and Meriliz in St. Petersburg. In the 1880s, the community moved to Moscow, where they rented the building of the former estate of Prince Gagarin, but it only sold ladies' hats and haberdashery, which brought little profit.
Soon the merchant's house acquired an impressive building to build a store on Theater Square, on the site where the current TSUM is located in our time. The creators decided to build a building with a significant and multifaceted store, in an image similar to the Whiteley store in London or the Bon Marche in Paris.
A few years later, "Mur and Merliz" switched to the sale of small-piece goods for personal or home consumption, expanded the range, and thanks to this became the main and first department store in our country.
Its success was clearly visible due to the speed with which new departments were opened. The uniqueness of the store was manifested in the fact that it sent its catalogs free of charge throughout the country. And those purchases, the cost of which first exceeded 75 rubles, and then 25 rubles, the store delivered to any point in Russia, and the cost of delivering things to European part countries took over, which was very beneficial for buyers who do not live in the capital.
The goods in the store "Mur and Merliz" were of excellent quality, and the sellers were exemplarily helpful and tactful. When the buyer was not satisfied with the purchase, it was immediately exchanged for a new product. For the kids, going to the store was a dream come true, because here they were waiting for magnificent and exceptional toys.
In February 1892, a fire broke out, which led to the burning of most of the building. But the fire was quickly extinguished, and the goods suffered more from water than from fire.
After this event, the store became discouraged, as during the last month the demand for goods fell significantly, and the store began to lose its image.
On the evening of November 24, 1900, after the store had just been restored to a favorable appearance, there was a second fire. It was visible for a decent distance from the building itself, and many residents flocked to see an event of such magnitude. Everything around was blazing with fire, and the heart of Moscow was painted in bright red and orange colors, it was visible from the windows of many houses.
After this fire, it was decided to build a new building (designed by VG Shukhov): a new building - new opportunities. In the newly opened store, everything was the first time in a store of this kind: waiting room, electric elevators, information desk. "Mur and Merliz" continued to keep the brand. Today, this building houses the Central Department Store.
Manor Saltychikha

At the intersection of Bolshaya Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most in the house number 22/24 in the 18th century was the estate of Daria Saltykova. The estate was guarded by huge hungry dogs, to match their mistress - an evil and envious woman. For a long time, the crimes committed by this woman were unpunished, since she belonged to an ancient noble family and did not skimp on gifts, but Catherine II, who had just ascended the throne, did not remain indifferent to the complaints of the serfs. Catherine the Great said that Saltykova has no right to be called a woman, she is either a freak of the human race, or a man. Daria Saltykova was sentenced to deprivation of her noble rank, she had to stand chained to a pole with the inscription "tormentor and murderer", and also sentenced to life imprisonment in an underground solitary confinement cell. Saltychikha spent 23 years in prison until her death.
Now, on the site of the house of D.N. Saltykova, there is the building of the reception of the FSB.

Konstantin Mikhailov

Petrovka, 5 - this was the address of a wonderful noble mansion, in whose history tragic and funny mixed up in a bizarre way. For almost half a century there was a wasteland with a square in its place, and in the 1990s another boutique was built here. But the house rightfully remained in the history of Moscow.

UNEXPECTED CLEANLINESS
The architecture of the building, built in 1776, immediately betrayed the hand of a great master. I.E. Grabar was sure that V.I. Bazhenov designed this house. “This is a typical corner mansion,” Grabar wrote in 1951, “undoubtedly designed by Bazhenov, although not implemented by him personally ... The external architecture of the house fully corresponded to our idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe spirit of late Bazhenov’s work, and only side columns hewn during unsuccessful repairs and their converted capitals gave the building a touch of philistinism.

Two symmetrical three-story outbuildings adjoined the high semi-rotunda that adorned the corner of Petrovka with the Kuznetsky Most. In 1792, a long two-story building along Petrovka was added to the house. Both from the point of view of architecture and from the point of view of urban planning, the house was an impeccable example of mature Russian classicism. He dominated the small square that formed at the intersection of streets.
An art guide to Moscow in 1917 noted that the central part of the mansion "amazes with its unexpected purity of lines and the consistency of some details."

The plan of the building was symmetrical with respect to the angular diagonal axis and harmoniously combined the premises of various shapes - round, rectangular, oval. In one of the latter, from the side of the courtyard, there was a staircase connecting the floors. For I. Grabar, the planning composition of the house was additional evidence of Bazhenov's authorship: “It is enough to look at his plan so that there is no doubt about it. To top it off, in the elliptical stairwell overlooking the courtyard, there was a purely Bazhenov ward pillar in all three flights. True, here he played the role of a support for the stairs.

The composition with a domed rotunda on the corner of the building became a trademark of Moscow classicism in the last third of the 18th century, and architects of subsequent decades often turned to it. Very close to the mansion on Petrovka was the manor house in Shabolovo, a now disappeared estate near Moscow, the memory of which remained only in the name of the street behind the Kaluga outpost. According to modern researchers, the composition and style of the building of the Moscow Savings Banks, built further along Petrovka, at the corner of Rakhmanovsky Lane in 1902-1907, also goes back to the Bazhenov prototype. He also inherits tenement house 1910-11 in Ermolaevsky lane, 13.

GOLCONDA QUEEN
A house was being built for the Siberian governor-general I.V. Yakobi, who gave it as a dowry to his daughter Anna, who married the guard captain A.N. Annenkov. Since 1803, Anna Ivanovna Annenkova owned the house alone. The Moscow address book of 1818 - "Alphabetical lists of all parts of the capital city of Moscow to houses and lands ..." fixes "in the 1st quarter, on Petrovsky Bolshaya Street" at number 74 the house of "Annenkova Anna Ivanovna of State Councilor". In "Old Moscow" by V. Nikolsky (1924) we read: "The old woman was fabulously rich, and in Moscow she was called the 'Queen of Golconda'."

From the memoirs of a Frenchwoman, we know the details of life, life and customs at home on Petrovka. Allow yourself a long exposure. “The old woman was surrounded by hosts and lived an impossible life. Later, when she called me to her, I was amazed at everything I saw. As a foreigner, it seemed to me that I was in fairy world. The house was huge, up to 150 people lived in it, making up Anna Ivanovna's retinue. There were endless front rooms, but Anna Ivanovna almost never left her apartment. What struck me the most was the room where she slept. She never went to bed and did not use either bed linen or blankets. She could not stand any movement around her, could not stand noise, so all the lackeys went around in stockings and shoes, and no one dared to speak loudly in her presence. No one ever entered without a report. To receive someone, twenty thousand ceremonies were observed, and often those who wanted to see her waited for her reception or exit for whole hours.

There were always 12 waiters in the waiter's room. There were 14 cooks in the kitchen, and the fire was never put out, because Anna Ivanovna sometimes had the fantasy of asking for something to eat at a different time, and this happened most often at night, since she had to sleep, as well as for dinner and breakfast, there were no scheduled hours. Everything was done on a whim, at the first demand of Anna Ivanovna. The room where she constantly stayed was all upholstered with raspberry damask. In the middle was made an elevation, on which stood a couch under a canopy; from the couch, in a semicircle on each side, stood 6 vases of magnificent white marble of the finest workmanship, and lamps burned in them. The effect produced by this whole situation was extraordinary. In this room, Anna Ivanovna made her toilet, also in an unusual way. There were 6 girls in front of her, except for the one who combed her hair. All 6 girls were wearing different accessories of Anna Ivanovna's toilet, she did not put on anything without first being warmed with animal warmth. For this, all beautiful girls from 16 to 20 years old, after 20 years they were appointed to other positions. Even the place in the carriage, before she left, was warmed in the same way, and for this a very fat German woman was kept in the house, who, half an hour before leaving, sat in the carriage in the place that Anna Ivanovna was then to take. While she was leaving, the German woman warmed up a place in the armchairs in which Anna Ivanovna always sat ...

I have already said that Anna Ivanovna never went to bed, she slept on the couch, on which something fur was spread, and she covered herself with some kind of salop or Turkish shawl. At night, she not only did not undress, but even made another toilet, no less ceremonial as daytime, and with the same ceremonies. They usually put on a white peignoir, embroidered or with lace on a silk colored cover, then a magnificent cap with bows, then silk stockings, always flesh-colored, and white shoes, in the fashion of that time, with ribbons that were tied, and the bows were carefully straightened, as if she was going to some ball. In such a lavish dress, she lay flat on the couch and was never alone. With her there were up to 40 selected girls and women of different ages, who in turn had to be in her room. At night, sofas were brought into Anna Ivanovna's room, on which the attendants were placed. They had to sit all night and always speak in a low voice. Under their talk and whisper, the whimsical woman dozed off, and if only they fell silent, she immediately woke up.

Her table was no less whimsical, like everything else, and was set every day for 40 cutlery. She herself dined at a special table, to which only the elite were invited, and often even in her room, where an already set table for 4 appliances was brought in, as she demanded positive silence and calm around her. She did not want to know any care, no grief, and when her second son, Grigory, was killed in a duel, they decided to tell her about it only a year later.

Her numerous estates were managed by Chernoboi, from her own serfs, who had made several houses for himself in Moscow, and a distant relative, Maria Tikhonovna Perskaya, ran the entire economy. All income from the estates was brought and handed over to Maria Tikhonovna, in whose room there was a chest of drawers, where money was poured into boxes, according to the quality of the coin, and, probably, Maria Tikhonovna herself did not know well how much was poured into the chest of drawers and how much was spent from it. The disorder and theft in the house were so great that at the end of Anna Ivanovna's life all the silver, which was quite a lot, was pawned. It was redeemed from the pawnshop when some dinner was given, and the next day it was pawned again ...

But when I got to the house of the old woman Anna Ivanovna Annenkova in 1826, she had so much of everything that the rooms where these riches were stored looked like a store. Some dresses accounted for up to 5 thousand. A special book was kept for them, with examples attached, according to which Anna Ivanovna determined which dress she wanted to wear. Two chests were filled with the rarest lace worth 100,000 rubles.

A whole room was occupied with various expensive furs brought, as they said, from Siberia. Anna Ivanovna was terribly fond of dressing up, took a lot of shopping, especially in English, which was then in vogue, and where she used unlimited credit, since the store knew that there was a huge capital in the London Bank, to which she was entitled. When she liked some materials, she bought whole pieces so that others would not have similar ones.

When I got to know her, she was surrounded by a halo of grandeur, all of Moscow went to her and, by the way, the Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret often visited ... This soulless woman was incredibly strict with her son, and he appeared to her only in a uniform, and the misfortune that befell him did not stir her in the least.

STAR OF FABULOUS HAPPINESS
And in this house, among companions and mute maids, a boy grew up, the son of a guards captain and a semi-anecdotal mistress - a Decembrist, Lieutenant of the Cavalry Guards Regiment Ivan Annenkov. The tragic and sublime love story of Ivan Annenkov and the Frenchwoman Pauline Goble is known to all viewers of the film "The Star of Captivating Happiness", as well as to everyone who read the novel by Alexandre Dumas "Notes of a fencing teacher".

The heroine followed the hero to Siberia, he married her in shackles. Polina Goble (of course, we read her memoirs a little higher), the early orphaned daughter of a Napoleonic officer, came to Russia in 1823, having entered into a contract with the Dyumansi trading house, which was then actively developing its Moscow business.
“Some invisible force attracted me to this country unknown to me at that time. Everything was arranged somehow unexpectedly, as if against my will, ”Polina recalled at the end of her life. And all her life she remembered a strange premonition that visited her back in France: “I was sitting in a circle of my friends, they joked and chose suitors for themselves, asking each other who would like to marry whom. I was younger than all of them, but the turn came to me, then I answered that I would not marry anyone except the Russian. Everyone was very surprised at my answer, laughed at me a lot and noticed that I had a strange claim, and where can I get a Russian? Of course, I said this without thinking then, but it’s strange how sometimes you foresee your fate.

So, Polina served (and met Annenkov) in the neighborhood of his house, on Kuznetsky Most, where she was a senior clerk in the Dyumansi store. As a matter of fact, Anna Ivanovna, of course, liked to look into the fashion store herself, and the respectful son decided one day to accompany her ...

“In 1825, six months before the incidents of December 14, I met Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov. He began to relentlessly court me, offering to marry me. Both of us were young, he was extremely handsome, unusually handsome, intelligent and enjoyed great success in society. It is quite clear that I could not help but get carried away by him, ”recalled Polina.

Let's give the floor to the historian Mikhail Semevsky: “He was a handsome man in the full sense of the word, not only physically, but also a morally and mentally worthy representative of the brilliant society of guards officers of the 1820s. Well-educated, calm, noble character, with all the tricks of a gentleman knight, Ivan Alexandrovich charmed a young, lively, intelligent and beautiful Frenchwoman, she passionately fell in love with him and, in turn, tied Ivan Alexandrovich to herself with strong bonds of deep passion.

The rest is known - the failure of the December uprising, the investigation, the trial, Siberia. Polina Gobl in 1827 went to Chita for her fate. Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow himself admonished her. Only after the arrest of her son, the state councilor Anna Annenkova, who, of course, did not approve of misalliance, invited her son's beloved woman to her house and hugged her with tears. At the farewell to Polina in the house on Petrovka, “a lot of people gathered to see Anna Ivanovna, everyone tried to disperse and entertain her. It was not easy for me to leave the child. My poor girl seemed to have a presentiment that I was leaving her: when I began to say goodbye to her, she wrapped her arms around me and grabbed me so that they could forcefully pull her away, but it was unthinkable to take her with me. Then I knelt before Anna Ivanovna and asked her to bless me and her son, but she announced that this scene upset her too much "...

Maria Volkonskaya, who ended up in Siberia for the same reasons as Polina Goble, could not help but remember her in her Notes: “She was a young French woman, beautiful, about 30 years old; she was seething with life and gaiety, and had an amazing ability to find the funny side in others.” It was probably more difficult for Polina to obtain permission to go to Siberia than others: unlike them, she was not yet Annenkov's married wife. However, the efforts in St. Petersburg brought success; the compatriot was helped by Augustin Grisier, a popular fencing teacher, well-known in many metropolitan houses (in particular, Pushkin and Ivan Annenkov took lessons from him).

Returning to his homeland, Grisier published his memoirs, which caught the eye of Alexandre Dumas. Dumas's novel Notes of a Fencing Teacher was, of course, banned in Russia, which is why it was excellently distributed in handwritten samizdat: they write that the Empress herself read it underground.

In April 1828, Polina Goble got married - by the highest permission - with Ivan Annenkov in Chita, settled near the prison and, according to Maria Volkonskaya, “remained a devoted wife and tender mother; she worked from morning to evening, while maintaining her elegance in dress and her usual accent.

Subsequently, the Annenkovs lived in a settlement in the Irkutsk and Tobolsk provinces, then in Nizhny Novgorod. In this city, in 1857, Alexandre Dumas, who traveled around Russia, met his heroes: Polina, he recalled, wore a bracelet on her arm with an iron ring made of chains with which her husband had once been shackled.

CULTURAL HISTORY
Polina Gobl-Annenkova, born in 1800 at Château de Champigny in Lorraine, near Nancy, died in 1876. In Russia, she has long been called Praskovya Yegorovna. Her husband survived her by a year. They were not destined to return to the house on Petrovka.

"Queen of Golconda" Anna Annenkova, died in 1842 in poverty, alone, ruined by thieving clerks, so she even had to be buried at someone else's expense. Back in 1837, Annenkova sold the house to the merchants Mikhalkov, who, according to the historian S. Romanyuk, owned it before the revolution. The house became "profitable" under the new owners, i.e. partially rented out.

The Annenkovs' house is also captured on the pages of the cultural annals of Moscow. Concerts were held here at the beginning of the 19th century. Since the 1820s, the ground floor of the house housed the library and the popular bookstore of C. Urbain, where, in particular, A.S. Pushkin bought books; this store specialized in selling foreign books. In the 1830s and 1840s, the house was occupied by a restaurant and a hotel by the Frenchman Trankl Yar (this is the famous “Yar” of Pushkin’s time, which had previously been located higher along the Kuznetsky Most). Advertising his restaurant in Moscow newspapers, Yar reported that he had excellent truffles, as well as "the best oysters at 60 rubles per hundred, anchovies, pache-froa and various types of cakes." Later in the house there was a hotel "France", in which N.A. often stayed in the 1850-1870s. Nekrasov and I.S. Turgenev, and in 1867 - M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin.

In the 1900s, Muscovites hurried to this house for screenings of the Mephistopheles cinema; on the first floor of the semi-rotunda there was a cafe-confectionery "Tremblay". The cafe of the Frenchman Code-Octavie Tremblay in the Annenkovs' house was very popular among the Moscow secular beau monde. It clearly copied fashionable Parisian and Viennese cafes of the Art Nouveau era: people went here not to eat, but to drink a cup of coffee or hot chocolate with an exquisite dessert (local fruit marmalades were highly revered), read newspapers, talk with friends, stare through the windows at young ladies hurrying along the Kuznetsky Bridge . Tremblay often sat, though alone, over a cup of coffee, businessman Nikolai Tarasov, the creator of the legendary artistic cabaret " Bat” and “general sponsor” of the Art Theater.

In the pre-revolutionary years, the cafe resorted to ways that were original by the standards of that time to attract the attention of visitors. Well-known Russian businessman N.A. Varentsov tells a funny episode in his memoirs: his acquaintance Alexei von Bremzen, an official of the Expedition of State Papers, while in Moscow, “went into the Tremblay cafe, located on the Kuznetsky bridge, and, to his surprise, saw on a table covered with a thick glass board, lying in a scattered form, perfectly executed credit notes of various values. He assured that they were executed artistically and even an experienced person could not make out their falsity. He immediately told the police about the prohibition of such credit cards anywhere and told the detective department that it was delivered to him who the artist of these advertising credit cards was, with strict surveillance of him and everyone who happens to be with him. The share of the “creative class” was not easy ...

There were in the house and photo studio of N.I. Svishchev-Paolo (the author of a series of photographs of famous writers) and M.S. philatelic shop. Appearance of the mansion at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to the flourishing of advertising and commerce, was such that the Annenkovs would hardly have recognized their native nest: the lower floor was finished by the efforts of Tremblay designers in the Art Nouveau style, the frieze at the base of the dome was a signboard of the photographer V. Chekhovsky, above it was an advertisement for a handicraft store products of the Soyuz, and even higher, to complete the picture, there were letters running in a circle advertising the cinema Mephistopheles, similar to a miniature Ferris wheel.

After 1917, the Tremblay cafe was replaced by the Musical Snuffbox, where famous and unknown poets gathered to read their poems to the public. Under the dome of the rotunda, the voices of Bryusov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Shershenevich, Burliuk, Vertinsky sounded. The memoirists recalled that the year (1918) was hungry, and in the Annenkovs' house, as under the old regime, they served real coffee with sugar and buns.
Then the local historian A. Mitrofanov, who knows everything about the ancient and new Moscow public catering, and the ubiquitous Chekists, who then communicated openly with poets, both sides did not shy away from joint drinking parties, then went to the cafe. There is a well-known episode when the “legendary” Yakov Blumkin, having taken too much in the “Snuffbox”, began to show the signed warrants for execution to the poets, arguing aloud who it would be time to put to waste. Osip Mandelstam could not bear these revelations, snatched the warrants from Blumkin's hands and tore them up. Then the poet got away with it - apparently because Blumkin soon killed the German ambassador Mirbach and was arrested.
IN prewar years the house housed a tobacco shop, departments of the Central Theater Box Office of the Theater Administration of the All-Union Committee for the Arts.

HOUSE-MIRAGE
Before the revolution of 1917, the house, which still belonged to the Mikhalkov Trading House, almost fell victim to the construction fever of that time: in the pursuit of profit and square meters, developers (as, in fact, today) easily swept away old houses, clearing land for profitable houses and entertainment centers. Here is the merchant A.V. Mikhalkov in 1913 decided to impress Moscow and ordered the talented architect Alexander Zelenko to design a new building at the corner of Petrovka and Kuznetsky Most.

Zelenko, whose name has now become one of the legends of Russian Art Nouveau at the beginning of the 20th century, together with the architect I.I. Kondakov composed a project of a style unprecedented for Moscow. The composition with a domed rotunda, having increased in size, was repeated, but all the facades of the building were supposed to be completely lined with glass; huge windows were supposed to minimize metal frames and piers. “According to the authors’ idea,” notes architectural historian Maria Nashchokina, “it was supposed to be a mirage house, a giant transparent chest with treasures. If you imagine it glowing in evening time electric lights, one can feel the pathos of the triumph of technology and progress, the pathos of the onset of a new reality, estranged from the patriarchal man-made old world, characteristic of the moods of late symbolism.

But World War, and then the revolution, and the triumph of the pathos of the new reality was delayed for thirty years, however, in the Soviet version, the crystal palace turned into a wasteland.

Annenkova's house - a whole world of history and architecture, despite the official status of an architectural monument, turned into a mirage, was demolished in 1948 along with the entire block along Petrovka, from Kuznetsky bridge to Dmitrovsky lane. The pretext was the expansion of the street. They tried to save the monument, in 1946 the Main Directorate for the Protection of Monuments of the Committee for Architecture of the USSR tried to challenge the decision of the Moscow City Executive Committee to demolish the Annenkovs' house, this only delayed the denouement.

In May 1949, speaking at the plenum of the Scientific and Methodological Council for the Protection of Cultural Monuments under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, I.E. Grabar could not ignore this sad story. Let's listen - this is a very characteristic document of the time, which, unfortunately, is still relevant today:

“Let us recall the fate of one of the houses built according to the project of the architect Bazhenov, the fate of the so-called Annenkov house at the corner of Petrovka and Kuznetsky lane. Now it has been demolished. Before that, there was a stubborn struggle of the protection of architectural monuments for this house. It was demolished because of the proposal of the planning department of the Moscow City Council to expand the Petrovka roadway in this place. The house is small. It could easily be moved, restored and used for cultural and educational purposes.

But here modern builders, architects have all sorts of problems of an aesthetic order. They did not want to link their architectural designs with a small plan of the past. In a word, they wanted to get the entire construction site as a whole. The monument was a hindrance to them.

In the process of the struggle of the Committee for Architecture with its subordinate body - the Moscow Department for Architecture, the leadership of the Committee for Architecture firmly stood on scientific and principled positions. It insisted on preserving Bazhenov's work. Even when the Moscow Administration began to demolish this house without any permission, the Committee succeeded in stopping the demolition. But as soon as the Administration put the subject of its dispute at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council, the Committee's point of view completely changed. Not only did the Chairman of the Committee fail to refer the question of the fate of monuments to the Council of Ministers of the USSR, but, being present at the meeting of the Executive Committee, he did not consider it necessary to defend the fundamental point of view of the central body for the protection of architectural monuments. Bazhenov's work has ceased to exist."

The funds of the Museum of Architecture contain a drawing of the main facade of the house, made shortly before the demolition, in 1945.

And in The Star of Captivating Happiness, the role of the Annenkovs' house had to be played by the Moscow estate of the Usachovs - the Naydenovs on Zemlyanoy Val.

* The Annenkov House was briefly described in the author's book "The Moscow We Lost" (M., 2010), dedicated to the loss of the capital's cultural heritage in the 20th and 21st centuries. Especially for this publication, the essay has been significantly revised and supplemented.

** Grabar dated the house to 1798, although according to archival data, it already existed in 1793. The date 1787 is also found in the historical literature.

*** In domestic local history literature, usually - Demonsi.

**** Wed. a review about Polina Gobl of another famous aristocrat-memoirist of ancient Moscow - “grandmother” E.P. Yankova: “Who she was - a flower girl, a merchant or a governess - I don’t know in order, but just not an important bird, however, she behaved well and honestly."

***** Daughter of Ivan Annenkov and Polina, born in 1826, before their official marriage.

****** Even more than thirty years later, Polina, dictating her memoirs to her daughter, indignantly recalled how in January 1827, despite the fact that Ivan Annenkov was in the fortress and anxiety for his fate was immense, her future mother-in-law arranged a costume ball in her Moscow house, demanded that the bride of the imprisoned son dance all evening, was offended when she found the strength in herself for only one round of the waltz, etc.

******* In the 1870s, she moved to Tverskaya, to a house in modern ownership No. 3, demolished in the 1960s for the construction of the Intourist Hotel, now also demolished.

******** The western section of the Kuznetsky Bridge, between Petrovka and Bolshaya Dmitrovka, was called Kuznetsky Lane in the old days.

Nikita Kirsanov. "The family of the Decembrist I.A. Annenkov" (part 1).

The Annenkovs are an old noble family, dating back to the 15th century. By the middle of the 18th century, Nikanor Ivanovich Annenkov, the grandfather of the future Decembrist, had possessions with thousands of serfs in the Nizhny Novgorod, Simbirsk and Penza provinces. After the death of N.I. Annenkov's lands were divided between his three sons: Nikolai (1764-03/28/1839), Arkady (sk. 07/29/1797) and Alexander. The younger Alexander became the heir to the Nizhny Novgorod estates: the Puzskaya Sloboda in the Lukoyanovsky district, the village of Vazyan, the villages of Ozerki, Bolshaya Pecherka, Neledino in the Arzamas district (now the Vadsky and Shatkovsky districts), the village of Bortsovo in the Nizhny Novgorod district (now the Dalnekonstantinovsky district).

Alexander Nikanorovich, father of the Decembrist, captain of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, having retired, lived in Nizhny Novgorod and served as an adviser to the Nizhny Novgorod Civil Chamber. Later he moved to Moscow, where he died in 1803.

Unknown artist. Portrait of Alexander Nikanorovich Annenkov. Early 1800s

Ivan Alexandrovich's mother, Anna Ivanovna, was the daughter of the Irkutsk governor-general I.V. Jacobi. After the death of her father and husband, she became the heir to a huge fortune of five thousand serfs, land in five provinces of Russia and two stone houses in Moscow.

Named after his maternal grandfather, Ivan Alexandrovich Annenkov was born on March 5, 1802. He received a traditional home education, and in 1817-1819. attended lectures at Moscow University (did not complete the course). After passing the exam at the General Staff, on August 10, 1819, he entered the cavalry regiment as a cadet.

Reticent, somewhat slow, short-sighted, but straightforward and knowing the value of words and promises, I.A. Annenkov quickly made friends in the regiment, among whom were many future Decembrists: P.N. Svistunov, A.M. Muravyov, F.F. Vadkovsky ... Member of the Southern Secret Society A.V. Poggio, generally lived in his house.

November 1, 1819 I.A. Annenkov was promoted to the Estandart Junkers, on December 21 of the same year - to the cornets, and, finally, on March 13, 1823, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

In 1824, Ivan Alexandrovich was received by P.I. Pestel to the St. Petersburg branch of the Southern Society. Taking advantage of the full agreement of his comrades, Annenkov also participated in the activities of the Northern Society, actively discussing the program documents of the northerners, but at the same time remaining an ardent supporter of P.I. Pestel.

In the December armed uprising, I.A. Annenkov was assigned an important role: he was supposed to lead the Guards Cavalry Guard Regiment to Senate Square. Two days before the uprising, Annenkov reported to the chief of staff of the conspirators E.P. Obolensky that the cavalry guards were not ready to march and he was unlikely to be able to convince them to support the rebel regiments. And so it happened. Annenkov was on Senate Square on December 14, 1825, but, alas, on the opposite side of his comrades. His platoon covered the guns of the brigade of Colonel Neslukhovsky, who "forgot" to take live ammunition to the square.

After the defeat of the uprising on Senate Square, named during interrogation by one of the Decembrists, I.A. Annenkov was arrested in the barracks of the regiment. At first, he managed to hide his belonging to the rebels, but from the testimony of V.S. Tolstoy and M.I. Muravyov-Apostol, the role of Annenkov in secret society. He was sentenced in the II category to 20 years of hard labor, deprivation of ranks and nobility, and to a lifelong settlement in Siberia. Later, as a result of confirmation, the term of hard labor was reduced to 15 years. On October 10, 1826, shackled, Annenkov went to Siberia (signs: height 2 arshins 7 7/8 inches, "white, oblong face, blue eyes, short-sighted, long, wide nose, dark blond hair on the head and eyebrows ").

Six months before the uprising, Ivan Aleksandrovich met the daughter of a Napoleonic officer, Jeanette Paul (b. June 9, 1800), who came to Moscow under the assumed name of Polina (Paulina) Gobl as a milliner to work in the Dyumansi trading house. In the summer, young people met at a fair in Penza. Ivan Alexandrovich arrived there as a "repairer" - to purchase horses for the regiment. Polina arrived with the Dyumansi store. In the Simbirsk, Penza and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, the Annenkovs had estates, and the young, under the guise of a detour, made a short trip. In one of his villages, Ivan Alexandrovich agreed with the priest and found witnesses to marry Polina, but she, fearing the wrath of Anna Ivanovna, refused the ceremony. Later, in her memoirs, Polina would write: “Ivan Alexandrovich did not stop pursuing me and insistently demanded a promise to marry him, but I wished that he would first obtain his mother’s consent for marriage, which was very difficult to do, since his mother was known as a woman in the highest degree arrogant, proud and completely heartless. All Moscow knew Anna Ivanovna Annenkova, constantly surrounded by unusual, fabulous splendor ... The French told me about her. And those who took part in me were sure that this inaccessible arrogant woman will rebel against her son's marriage to poor girl". A flash of passion turns into a deep feeling. They returned to Moscow in November 1825.

December 14 turned all their plans and dreams upside down. Ivan Alexandrovich was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and Polina was left alone, without funds, expecting a child. On April 11, 1826, a girl was born, who was named Sashenka.

Life forced her to turn to Annenkov's mother. Anna Ivanovna greeted the young Frenchwoman coldly. Not her request to organize an escape for her son, she flatly refused: "He must submit to fate," said "Jacobikha" (as the Muscovites called her among themselves) categorically. Upon learning that Polina wanted to go to Siberia for her son, she began to dissuade her, but she was adamant. However, Polina gave money.

Edmond Pierre Martin. Portrait of Anna Ivanovna Annenkova. 1820s

Goble fights for his happiness. She travels to Vyazma, where troop maneuvers took place under the personal supervision of Nicholas I, and with great difficulty receives permission to follow her fiancé. In Moscow with Anna Ivanovna, Polina leaves little Sashenka. Parting with my daughter was insanely painful, but taking her to Siberia was even more madness. In addition, the wives of the Decembrists, following their husbands to Siberia, were strictly forbidden to take their children with them. Parting, Polina could not even imagine that they would meet only after 24 years, in 1850. Alexandra Ivanovna Teplova will come with her children to Tobolsk and Ivan Alexandrovich Annenkov will see his eldest daughter there for the first time.

Almost without funds, not knowing the Russian language, which she never learned until the end of her days, Polina Gobl gets to Chita. There, in the wooden Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Church, which has survived to this day, she is married to Ivan Alexandrovich. Only at the time of the wedding, the shackles were removed from the groom.

All the years of hard labor, Praskovya Yegorovna, as she became officially known after the wedding, lived next to the prison prison, and since 1836 she lived with Ivan Alexandrovich in a settlement, first in the village of Belsky, Irkutsk province, and then in Turinsk and Tobolsk, steadfastly enduring all the hardships and adversity.

In 1830, the Decembrists were transferred from Chita to the Petrovsky Plant. The wives left earlier to settle in a new place. Praskovya Egorovna traveled this path together with her children - one and a half year old Annushka (03/16/1829-06/16/1833) and a three-month-old baby Olenka (b. 05/19/1830), who was very ill. “It is wise for you to imagine,” I.I. Pushchin wrote to N.A. Bestuzhev in September 1854 from Yalutorovsk, “that Olenka, who was taken from Chita to Petrovskoye as a baby, is now a 24-year-old woman - very sweet and kind.”

The warm and caring attitude of the parents' friends accompanied Olenka Annenkova throughout the difficult path of her childhood. She remembered both the prison and the harsh life in Belsky - the first two years after leaving hard labor for a settlement. More opportunities opened up for the girl after her parents moved to Western Siberia, to Turinsk. “Their daughter (Annenkovs. - N.K.), a lovely nine-year-old child, almost daily comes to us to take a music lesson from me, and from my mother - French. She is so meek and friendly, so reasonable that to see her and study with her - a pleasure," Kamilla Petrovna Ivasheva wrote to her relatives.

Since 1839 I.A. Annenkov was allowed to serve as a clerk of the fourth category in the zemstvo court, and in 1841 the family moved to Tobolsk. The sons of the Annenkovs, Ivan (8.11.1835-1886) and Nikolai (15.12.1838-29.08.1870) studied at the gymnasium here, daughters Olga and Natalya (28.06.1842-1894) were educated at home. Olga became friends with Masha Frantseva, the daughter of a close acquaintance of the Decembrists, official D.I. Frantseva, and together with her helped the elders in the affairs of the women's Lancaster schools. The restrained and sympathetic girl enjoyed the trust of older women, she became especially close to Natalya Dmitrievna Fonvizina, the wife of the Decembrist M.A. Fonvizin.

Olga Ivanovna was not yet twenty years old when, in January 1850, Petrashevites were brought to Tobolsk under escort. Together with his mother and N.D. Fonvizina, she was among those who supported F.M. Dostoevsky in the first days of Siberian captivity. Fyodor Mikhailovich informed his brother about this support in the first letter after the penal servitude: “I can only say that participation, lively sympathy awarded us almost whole happiness. What wonderful souls, experienced by 25 years of grief and selflessness. We saw them briefly, for they kept us strictly. But they sent us food, clothes, consoled and encouraged us. I, who traveled light, without even asking for my clothes, repented of this ... they even sent me dresses." And later - more about this: "When I entered the prison, I had some money, I had a little in my hands, for fear that they would not be taken away, but just in case it was hidden, that is, sealed, in the binding of the Gospel, which could be carry a few rubles to prison. This book, with money sealed in it, was presented to me back in Tobolsk by those who also suffered in exile and considered its time for decades and who have long been accustomed to seeing a brother in every unfortunate person.

It is known that Dostoevsky kept this Gospel all his life, read it on the day of his death and passed it on to his son. Talking about the last hours of her husband, Anna Grigorievna Dostoevskaya named in her memoirs Olga Ivanovna Annenkova and her mother among those whom Fyodor Mikhailovich saw in Tobolsk.

“I will always remember that from my very arrival in Siberia, you and all your excellent family took full and sincere participation in me and in my comrades in misfortune. I cannot remember this without a special, comforting feeling, and it seems , I will never forget," Fyodor Mikhailovich wrote to the elder Annenkova in October 1855 from Semipalatinsk.

The life of the Annenkovs themselves in Tobolsk exile was far from serene, although outwardly quite prosperous compared to their first Siberian decade. The eldest son Vladimir (18 or 28.10.1831-27.10.1898) in 1850 entered the civil service. Slowly observed career and Ivan Alexandrovich himself. But soon after the arrival of the Petrashevites, they experienced unrest and trouble. This was due to Olga's trip to Yalutorovsk, when the authorities made them acutely aware of the disenfranchised position of even the second generation in the families of the Decembrists. By this time, I.A. Annenkov served as a collegiate registrar and served as deputy to the Tobolsk order on exiles. On September 23, 1850, he was handed a package from the Tobolsk civil governor K.F. Engelke classified as "secret":

“Dear Sovereign, Ivan Alexandrovich, I humbly ask you to hand over the enclosed letter to your daughter, Olga Ivanovna, and accept the assurance of my highest respect.

Carl Engelke.

"Gracious Sovereign Olga Ivanovna! By order of His Excellency, the Governor-General of Western Siberia, I humbly ask you to answer me: on what basis did you deign to leave Tobolsk for Yalutorovsk without asking permission from the authorities and, as soon as such permission is given only on especially good reasons, then for what purpose was this trip undertaken by you and with whom exactly?

Would you like your answer to be delivered to me with the inscription secret, in my own hands.

Please accept, sir, the assurance of my respect for you.

Carl Engelke.

Engelke's politeness did not hide the police character of the question. Olga Annenkova did not answer the governor. Her father answered instead. He dryly explained that he had read the letter to his daughter and had not handed it over. “My daughter could not herself, without my assistance, answer Your Excellency’s questions because she would not understand the official style of your letter and the reasons why the local authorities consider it necessary to deprive her of her freedom, granted to everyone and on the basis of general legal provisions. To make them understandable to her, it would be necessary to explain my position to her and touch upon several political events that had an impact on my life, which, unfortunately, are now reflected on her, an innocent victim, which I always wanted to avoid ... She left Tobolsk for a walk with the permission of her mother, she went to Yalutorovsk without any political purpose, I can assure you that, solely for entertainment, in the company of Mrs. Muravyova (wife of the Decembrist A.M. Muravyov. - N.K.) and Fon-Vizina, who invited her along."

The Tobolsk and Yalutorovsk colonies of the Decembrists, connected by the closest friendly ties, constantly communicated with each other, using unofficial channels to send letters, books, and parcels. For the authorities, the trip of the three women was not only a violation of the regime of the exiles, but also an undesirable contact with the Yalutorovo Decembrists. Of course, Olga participated in this, as well as in visiting the Petrashevites in prison, with full awareness of all the circumstances.

It soon became clear that the Governor-General of Western Siberia, Prince P.D. Gorchakov reported to St. Petersburg about a trip to Yalutorovsk. At the beginning of 1850, Natalya Dmitrievna Fonvizina turned to Gorchakov with a request to soften the position of Dostoevsky and S.F. Durov; she hoped then for the good relations that had previously developed between the Fonvizins and the family of the governor-general (his wife was a relative of Fonvizina). But then the story broke out with the inheritance case, decided by the adviser to the Tobolsk provincial government D.I. Frantsev not in favor of the prince. In this process, Gorchakov opposed his own daughters, who, having recently lost their mother, maintained warm relations with Natalya Dmitrievna. The exasperated Governor-General took a purely official position in relation to the Tobolsk Decembrists.

“Due to the attitude towards Mr. Chief of the Gendarme Corps, Governor-General of Western Siberia,” he wrote to Engelka in November 1850, referring again to I.A. Annenkov, “with which he brought to the attention of Count Orlov (chief of the gendarmes. .K.) about the trip of Mrs. Fon-Vizina, Muravyova and your daughter Olga to Yalutorovsk, the manager of the III department of His Majesty's own office, dated October 12, No. 2087, informed His Excellency Prince Peter Dmitrievich (Gorchakov. - N.K.), that this circumstance, due to the absence of Count Alexei Fedorovich (Orlov. - N.K.), was left to the discretion of the Minister of War, and his lordship, recognizing Fon-Vizina, Muravyova and your daughter as guilty of unauthorized absence from the place of residence, deigned to order them to be severely reprimanded for their inappropriate act.

Being myself informed by the order of the Governor-General dated November 5, No. 136, I most humbly ask you to announce such a recall of the Minister of War to your daughter and report to me in writing about the execution.

Edmond Pierre Martin. Portrait of Ivan Varfolomeevich Jacobiy. 1820s

At the top, they considered Gorchakov's zeal to be superfluous and limited themselves to suggestion. But the governor-general and the chief of police of Tobolsk did not let up and continued for some time to harass the Tobolsk colony with restrictions and nit-picking. “Now you already know that the Yalutorovo trip caused a mess, which had important consequences for all of us, so it caused me to take extreme measures,” wrote N.D. Fonvizina to the Yalutorovo archpriest S.Ya. Znamensky. to my notification that I asked and am waiting for the rules from St. Petersburg, he collected from somewhere and added his rules, where he calls us the wives of state criminals and exiles, while recently, by order from St. Petersburg, subscriptions were taken from ours so that they would not be called so, but those who are under the supervision of the police for non-employees, and for employees according to the rank or place occupied in the service, as a result of which the prince himself, in ordering the governor to prohibit me from going to the waters, calls me the wife of a person under police supervision.This paper of his with other documents "I sent it to Count Orlov. Now I've taken it into my head to scold, I think that's why I issued the rules, so that when reading them, the police chief scolded us in the eye. I did not allow myself to read it, precisely because I was expecting some kind of answer to my message in S .-Petersburg. But what is nicest of all, they wanted to take subscriptions from us, which we will fulfill according to the rules; and the chief of police is a terrible rubbish, so disposed that he watches everywhere, and they weren’t ordered to let us out of the city. ” Such was the situation in Tobolsk in November 1850 ...

The conflict with the governor-general ruled out the possibility of significantly influencing the position of the Petrashevites in Omsk through the highest local authority. There remained the path of concrete everyday help and guardianship, which the families of the Decembrists and their friends took. For Olga Annenkova, it soon became possible to connect to this directly in Omsk.

In March 1851, Olga Ivanovna and Fonvizina read Dostoevsky's Poor People. The book was sent to Natalya Dmitrievna S.Ya. Znamensky. So the acquaintance continued, which began in the Tobolsk transit prison. At this time, everyone already knew about the upcoming, in connection with marriage, the move of the universal favorite - Olenka. “After Easter, I expect newlyweds again: Olenka Annenkova marries the Omsk engineering officer Ivanov, after the wedding they promise to call in at Bronnikov’s house, and this is a pleasure for the owner of the house,” wrote I.I. Pushchin G.S. Batenkov March 5, 1851

Konstantin Ivanovich Ivanov (1822-2.04.1887), husband of O.I. Annenkova, was a classmate of F.M. Dostoevsky for the engineering corps; in 1844 (a year later than the writer) he graduated from the lower officer class with the rank of ensign and was sent to field engineers. Studying in related courses, they, of course, were familiar. Yes, and Dostoevsky writes about him to his brother Mikhail in the first letter after hard labor as about a friend.

The phrase in "Notes from the House of the Dead" about the author's acquaintances who served "in that city" and "old school comrades" with whom he resumed "intercourse" is directly related to Ivanov.

When Dostoevsky was brought to Omsk, Ivanov, a military engineer with the rank of second lieutenant, served there as an adjutant to Major General Borislavsky, chief of engineers of the Siberian Separate Corps.

The journals (protocols) of the Council of the Main Directorate of Western Siberia contain a number of documents that make it possible to present the nature of the service of Konstantin Ivanovich. He was often sent to other cities of Western Siberia in connection with the construction or repair of state-owned buildings of the military department, for inspection, development of construction estimates, etc. The reports provided to him contained specific technical proposals for construction and repair, which combined good professional training with a clear and impeccably honest (there were quite a few abuses in this area in Siberia, however, as now) approach to business.

Frequent and long trips, especially to Tobolsk, made it possible for Konstantin Ivanovich to get acquainted with the Decembrists. The young engineer organically entered their circle. This is evidenced, in particular, by his contacts with I.I. Pushchin. He visited Pushchin in Yalutorovsk even without Olga Ivanovna, and after leaving Siberia, he corresponded with Ivan Ivanovich: “The mail came again, brought only a letter from Konstantin Ivanovich from Kronstadt ... Ivanov tirelessly strengthens Kronstadt - he says that he has been working as a never. Sometimes he barely has time to eat. The letters of K.I. Ivanov to the Decembrist P.N. Svistunov in 1857, filled with the cares of the Decembrist "artel", the connections of the families of exiles who returned from Siberia.

The head of the engineering team, Borislavsky, was also in charge of prison work. As his adjutant, Konstantin Ivanovich could, to some extent, influence the choice of jobs to which Dostoevsky and Durov were assigned, and in exceptional cases even organize their meetings outside the prison under the pretext of fictitious assignments. This is how the meeting of Fyodor Mikhailovich with Evgeny Ivanovich Yakushkin, the son of the Decembrist I.D., was arranged. Yakushkin, who came to Siberia on the business of the Land Survey Corps, where he served. In Omsk, the younger Yakushkin stayed with K.I. Ivanova. The next day, Dostoevsky was brought by an escort to clean the snow in the courtyard of the government house where the Ivanovs lived. “Of course, he didn’t clean the snow, but he spent the whole morning with me,” E.I. Yakushkin wrote about this meeting many years later. chains, with a emaciated face that bore traces severe illness. There are certain positions in which people converge at once. A few minutes later we were talking like old friends. We talked about what is being done in Russia, about current Russian literature. He asked about some of the newly appeared writers, talked about his difficult situation in the prison companies. He immediately wrote a letter to his brother, which I delivered upon my return to Petersburg.

Telling in "Notes from the House of the Dead" about how he, along with the Pole Boguslavsky, walked during three months from prison to the engineering office as clerks, Fyodor Mikhailovich remarked: "There were people from the engineers (especially one of them), who were very sympathetic to us." On February 22, 1854, Dostoevsky wrote to his brother words that can serve as a key to assessing the writer's Omsk contacts. This is connected with the name of Konstantin Ivanovich: "If I had not found people here, I would have died completely. K.I. Ivanov was like a brother to me. He did everything he could for me. I owe him money. If he is in St. Petersburg "Thank him. I owe him 25 rubles in silver. But how can I pay for this kindness, always readiness to fulfill every request, attention and care as for a brother. And he is not alone! Brother, there are a lot of noble people in the world." The last ardent phrase in the mouth of a deep and reserved person, by no means inclined to enthusiastic outpourings, written a week after his release from a hard labor prison, is truly significant.