Personal life of Joseph Stalin. Stalin raised the pistol from which Nadezhda Alliluyeva shot herself and said: “ I was a bad husband, I had no time to take her to the cinema Why Alliluyeva

On September 22, 1901, Nadezhda Sergeevna Alliluyeva was born. She married early, and her chosen one was none other than Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin himself.

Nadezhda Alliluyeva worked in the People's Commissariat for Nationalities. She studied at the industrial academy and was a classmate of Nikita Khrushchev. It was Alliluyeva who introduced Khrushchev to Stalin. The life of the first lady was not the easiest test for Nadezhda Sergeevna. And on the night of November 8-9, Alliluyeva shot herself with a Walter pistol. She was only 31 years old.

smartnews collected five possible causes the death of the chief's wife.

OFFENSE AND HUMILATION

According to one of the widespread versions, Nadezhda Alliluyeva shot herself because she could not bear the insult inflicted on her by Stalin. The insult was inflicted on Nadezhda during a holiday dedicated to the 15th anniversary October revolution. Then Stalin did not hesitate to say rude and offensive words to his wife. Offended, Alliluyeva silently left the holiday and went to the Kremlin apartment.

The Kremlin servants drew attention to the excited state of Alliluyeva when she returned to her apartment. After a while, a shot rang out from her room. Stalin received many expressions of sympathy and moved on to the agenda.

Jealousy and Suffering

A version worthy of a whole love story tells that after a banquet on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the October Revolution, Stalin did not go to his wife's apartment. Worried, Alliluyeva began to find out where her husband had gone, and called one of Comrade Stalin's dachas. By telephone, the officer on duty confirmed to Nadezhda that Iosif Vissarionovich was in the house. In the conversation, the officer also added that Stalin was not alone, but with a woman.

Nadezhda did not write suicide notes. When Stalin returned home in the morning, his wife was already dead.

CONSPIRACY AND DEPRESSION

There is an assumption that Nadezhda Alliluyeva was under serious psychological pressure. Trotsky himself allegedly tried to influence the moral state of Stalin's wife. They tried to distort Alliluyeva's ideology through stories about her husband. Opponents of the existing order poured slander on Stalin, passed on to his wife information about massacre leader over cadre party members. According to this version, Trotsky hoped that Alliluyeva would not stand it and would make a political scandal. In this way, she would ensure Stalin's speedy and bloodless departure from his post. However, the information that was fed to Alliluyeva had a different effect. Nadezhda Sergeevna fell into a deep depression, which deprived her of her mind, and she shot herself.

ILLNESS AND TORTURE

One of the most prosaic reasons that spurred Alliluyeva to commit suicide is migraine. The author of such popular books as “Kremlin Wives” and “Children of the Kremlin”, Larisa Vasilyeva, in her interview with journalist Andrei Knyazev, claims that it was constant headaches, which sometimes became simply unbearable, that drove Alliluyeva to such despair that she was able to stop her torment only with a pistol.

And there is a boring truth of life: this woman had a severe brain disease. She went to Düsseldorf for treatment, where her brother's family then lived. The difficult relationship with Stalin certainly played a role. This proud woman was unbearable when her husband, for example, at one party threw her: "Hey, you." But the worst thing for Alliluyeva was monstrous headaches that could lead to suicide ... Real facts are always less interesting than gossip.

Great love stories. 100 stories about a great feeling Mudrova Irina Anatolyevna

Stalin and Alliluyeva

Stalin and Alliluyeva

Iosif Dzhugashvili was born in 1879 in the Georgian city of Gori, Tiflis province and came from the lower class. From his youth he was a professional revolutionary. His pseudonym is Stalin. He became a Soviet state, political and military figure, general secretary Central Committee of the All-Union communist party(Bolsheviks) since 1922, head of the Soviet government (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars since 1941, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR since 1946), Generalissimo of the Soviet Union.

On the night of July 16, 1906, twenty-seven-year-old Joseph Dzhugashvili married twenty-year-old Ekaterina Svanidze in the St. David Church in Tiflis. They were secretly married by a classmate of Koba at the seminary, priest Christisiy Khinvaleli. Catherine was already expecting a child and gave birth to him in 1907. It was the eldest son of Stalin, Yakov. Three years later, his wife died of typhus. During the funeral of his wife, Stalin's mind went haywire, and when the coffin with Kato was lowered into the grave, Stalin jumped in and was pulled back with difficulty. At her grave, Stalin told those around him that a cold stone had entered his heart. He lost all sympathy for people. Stalin's first child, Yakov Dzhugashvili, was raised by Kato's mother.

Yakov was captured by the Germans during World War II. In 1943, Yakov was shot dead in the German concentration camp Sachsenhausen while trying to escape. Yakov was married three times and had a son, Evgeny, this direct male line of the Dzhugashvili family still exists.

In 1919, Stalin married for the second time. His new wife was the eighteen-year-old daughter of the Russian revolutionary Sergei Alliluyev. She was born in Baku, her childhood was spent in the Caucasus. In St. Petersburg, she studied at the gymnasium.

Stalin had known the Alliluyev family since the late 1890s. According to family tradition, young Joseph saved Nadezhda when she fell into the sea from the embankment in Baku. It was in 1903, Nadia was just a baby.

Nadya's father, Sergei Yakovlevich Alliluyev, had been a party member since 1896 and actively participated in the revolutionary movement. His apartment in Petrograd was constantly used by the Bolsheviks for secret meetings. After February 1917, Stalin came from Turukhansk exile to Petrograd and lived with S.Ya. Alliluyeva. It was then that Stalin met Nadya again. An affair began between him, a thirty-eight-year-old revolutionary, and a sixteen-year-old girl. The romantic girl could not help but be carried away by the revolutionary hero, as he seemed to her in that time full of adventures, tragedies and victories.

In 1918, Nadezhda began working at the Council of People's Commissars as a secretary-typist. In the same year, Stalin was sent to Tsaritsyn as an emergency commissioner for the food supply of the Eastern Front. Nadezhda, as part of Stalin's secretariat, accompanied him with her father. On this trip, they got to know each other better. In 1918 they got married. Their marriage was officially registered on March 24, 1919.

In 1921, a son, Vasily, was born in the family, and in 1926, a daughter, Svetlana. Nadia at that time actively participated in community service. The main responsibility for caring for the girl lay with the teacher.

Nadezhda was an extremely modest woman. Since 1929, she studied at the Industrial Academy at the Faculty of Textile Industry. Over the years, Nadezhda became more and more actively involved in public life.

The marriage of Stalin with Alliluyeva cannot be called happy. He was mostly busy with work. He spent most of his time in the Kremlin. His wife clearly lacked his attention. She left him several times with her children Vasily and Svetlana, and shortly before her death she even talked about her moving to relatives after graduating from the Industrial Academy. Of course, she was aware of her husband's affairs.

On the night of November 8-9, 1932, Nadezhda Alliluyeva passed away. She committed suicide in her Kremlin apartment. Newspapers printed a message that N.S. Alliluyeva "suddenly died." The cause of death was not mentioned. It is generally accepted that the reason for her suicide was the exacerbation of the disease. She often suffered from severe headaches. She appears to have had a malalignment of the cranial bones, and suicide is not uncommon in such cases.

In her memoirs, daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva testified: “... Father was shocked by what happened ... because he did not understand: why? ... He asked others: was he inattentive? Didn't he respect her as a wife, as a person?... The first days he was shocked. He said that he himself did not want to live anymore ... They were afraid to leave his father alone, in such a state he was.

N.S. Alliluyeva was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Stalin did not attend the funeral. Subsequently, he came several times at night to Novodevichy and for a long time silently sat by the grave on a marble bench set opposite the monument.

Son Vasily became an officer of the Soviet air force, in command positions participated in the Great Patriotic War. After the war, he led the air defense of the Moscow region with the rank of lieutenant general. After Stalin's death, he was arrested and died shortly after his release in 1960. Daughter Svetlana applied for political asylum at the United States Embassy in Delhi on March 6, 1967, and moved to the United States the same year. She died in the USA in 2011.

This text is an introductory piece.

Myth number 5. Frequently meeting with Stalin, AL. Beria got into his confidence and sought appointment to the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, although Stalin's wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, was the first to see through Beria and could not stand him, but Iosif Vissarionovich did not believe her. And this is also complete

Myth No. 99. Stalin was born on December 21, 1879 Myth No. 100, Stalin showed himself to be a villain because he was born on December 21. The first myth is one of the most enduring and harmless in all anti-Stalinism. Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was personally involved in the emergence of the myth. It happened

Myth No. 104. Stalin is a half-educated seminarian Myth No. 105. Stalin is an "outstanding mediocrity" The combination of these myths is one of the foundations of all anti-Stalinism. Authorship belongs to Trotsky. Satanized from anger at Stalin, the "demon of the world revolution" used in his propaganda

Myth No. 118. Stalin deliberately built a regime of one-man power. Myth No. 119. For the sake of establishing a regime of sole power, Stalin destroyed the "Leninist Guard". To be honest, the following name would be most correct for this myth - "Why should not Bebel be confused with

Svetlana Alliluyeva 20 letters to a friend In memory of my mother These letters were written in the summer of 1963 in the village of Zhukovka, not far from Moscow, within thirty-five days. The free form of letters allowed me to be absolutely sincere, and I consider what is written to be a confession. Then I don't

NADEZHDA ALLILUEVA CORRESPONDENCE WITH WIFE, 1930. Comrade Stalin is awarded the second Order of the Red Banner for his great services on the front of socialist construction. And, indeed, his merits are truly enormous. The course towards collectivization is being successfully carried out

THE KREMLIN BANQUET Stalin and Alliluyeva In the house of Nadezhda Alliluyeva and Joseph Stalin, a woman from the Baltic Germans, Karolina Vasilievna Til, served as a housekeeper. She was the first to see Nadezhda Sergeevna on the floor in a pool of blood, when it was still unclear whether it was murder or

Nadezhda Alliluyeva. I love you, Joseph Stalin Nadezhda put her glass on the table without taking a sip of wine. - Hey, you! Drink! - Shouted Stalin. - I'm not hey! she answered, raising her voice a little, and at the same moment orange peels flew into her face. Slowly, very slowly

N. S. Alliluyeva - I.V. Stalin (September 12, 1930) Hello, Joseph! I received the letter. Thank you for the lemons, of course, come in handy. We live well, but quite already in winter - tonight it was minus 7 Celsius. In the morning all the roofs were completely white with frost. It is very good that you

N. S. Alliluyeva to I. V. Stalin (September 19, 1930) Hello, Joseph! How are you? Arriving t.t. (Ukhanov and someone else) say that you look and feel very bad. I know that you are getting better (this is from letters). On this occasion, the Molotovs attacked me with

N.S. Alliluyeva - to I. V. Stalin (September 30, 1930) Hello, Joseph! Once again I start with the same thing - I received a letter. I'm glad you're doing well in the southern sun. It’s not bad in Moscow now either, the weather has improved, but there is a certain autumn in the forest. The day goes by quickly. As long as everyone is healthy.

N. S. Alliluyeva to I. V. Stalin (October 6, 1930) There has been no news from you lately. I asked Dvinsky about the mail, he said that he had not been there for a long time. Probably, the trip to the quail carried away, or just too lazy to write. And in Moscow there is already a snow blizzard. Now it's spinning all over.

Joseph Stalin and Nadezhda Alliluyeva Historians still cannot come to an unambiguous conclusion: did Nadezhda Alliluyeva, the wife of the tyrant and "leader of all peoples" Joseph Stalin, end her life by suicide, or did her husband himself give the order to eliminate her? One who does not flinch

Svetlana Alliluyeva May 8, 1961 Dear darling Vladimir Alekseevich! Excuse such a free address to you, but, really, after reading your wonderful lyrical stories, I want to call you as affectionately as possible, as far as possible in official letter reader to

NADIA ALLILUEVA The devotion of a dog and the devotion of a wife So strangely, so tragically similar. For a husband's sin - guilty without guilt. Unhappy husband - wife unhappy too. Dictator, and fanatic, and executioner! That's how he is at work. At the parade. But next to him I hear the quiet cry of his wife,

21 December. Stalin was born (1879), Ivan Ilyin died (1954) Stalin, Ilyin and the brotherhood To tell the truth, the author of these lines does not favor the magic of numbers, calendars and birthdays. Brezhnev was born on December 19, Stalin and Saakashvili - on the 21st, the Cheka and I - on the 20th, and who am I after that? True, my big

1277

It is unlikely that any of the adults in Russia, and indeed in the world, need to be told about Stalin the politician. Much less is known about Stalin as a person, and yet he was a husband, father and, as it turns out, a great hunter of women, at least during his stormy revolutionary youth. True, the fate of the people closest to him always developed tragically. Sweeping aside fiction, myths and gossip, Anews talks about the wives and children of the leader.

Ekaterina (Kato) Svanidze

First wife

At 27, Stalin married the 21-year-old daughter of a Georgian nobleman. Her brother, with whom he once studied at the seminary, was his close friend. They married secretly, at night, in a mountain monastery in Tiflis, because Joseph was already hiding from the authorities as a Bolshevik underground worker.

The marriage, made out of great love, lasted only 16 months: Kato gave birth to a son, Yakov, and at the age of 22 she died in her husband's arms, either from transient consumption, or from typhus. According to legend, the inconsolable widower allegedly said to a friend at the funeral: "My last warm feelings for people died with her."

Even if these words are fiction, here is a real fact: years later Stalinist repressions destroyed almost all of Catherine's relatives. The same brother with his wife and older sister were shot. And the brother's son was kept in a psychiatric hospital until Stalin's death.

Yakov Dzhugashvili

First son

Stalin's firstborn was raised by Kato's relatives. He first saw his father at the age of 14, when he already had new family. It is believed that Stalin never fell in love with the "wolf cub", as he himself called him, and was even jealous of his wife, who was only five and a half years older than Yasha. He severely punished the teenager for the slightest misconduct, sometimes he did not let him go home, forcing him to spend the night on the stairs. When, at the age of 18, the son married against the will of his father, the relationship finally deteriorated. In desperation, Yakov tried to shoot himself, but the bullet went right through, he was saved, and Stalin moved even further away from the “hooligan and blackmailer” and poisoned him with mockery: “Ha, he didn’t hit!”

In June of the 41st, Yakov Dzhugashvili went to the front, and to the most difficult sector - near Vitebsk. His battery distinguished itself in one of the largest tank battles, and Stalin's son, along with other fighters, was presented for the award.

But soon Jacob was captured. His portraits immediately appeared on fascist leaflets designed to demoralize Soviet soldiers. There is a myth that Stalin allegedly refused to exchange his son for the German commander Paulus, saying: “I don’t change a soldier for a field marshal!” Historians doubt that the Germans even offered such an exchange, and the phrase itself sounds in the Soviet epic film "Liberation" and, apparently, is an invention of the screenwriters.

German photo: Stalin's son in captivity

And the next picture of the captured Yakov Dzhugashvili is published for the first time: only recently it was found in the photo archive of the commander of the Third Reich, Wolfram von Richthofen.

Yakov spent two years in captivity, under no pressure did not cooperate with the Germans. He died in the camp in April 1943: he provoked a sentry to a fatal shot by rushing to a barbed wire fence. According to a widespread version, Yakov was in despair when he heard Stalin's words on the radio that "there are no prisoners of war in the Red Army, there are only traitors and traitors to the Motherland." However, most likely, this "spectacular phrase" was attributed to Stalin later.

Meanwhile, the relatives of Yakov Dzhugashvili, in particular, his daughter and half-brother Artem Sergeyev, were convinced all their lives that he died in battle in June 41, and his stay in captivity, including photos and interrogation protocols, was from beginning to end played out by the Germans for propaganda purposes. However, in 2007, the FSB confirmed the fact of his capture.

Nadezhda Alliluyeva

Second and last wife

The second time Stalin married at the age of 40, his wife was 23 years younger - a fresh graduate of the gymnasium, who looked with admiration at the seasoned revolutionary, who had just returned from another Siberian exile.

Nadezhda was the daughter of Stalin's longtime associates, and he also had an affair with her mother Olga in his youth. Now, years later, she became his mother-in-law.

The marriage of Joseph and Nadezhda, at first happy, eventually became unbearable for both. The memories of their family are very contradictory: some said that Stalin was gentle at home, and she imposed strict discipline and flared up easily, others said that he was constantly rude, and she endured and accumulated resentment until a tragedy happened ...

In November 1932, after another public skirmish with her husband while visiting Voroshilov, Nadezhda returned home, retired to the bedroom and shot herself in the heart. No one heard the shot, only the next morning she was found dead. She was 31 years old.

Different things were also told about Stalin's reaction. According to some, he was shocked, sobbed at the funeral. Others remember that he was furious and over the coffin of his wife said: "I did not know that you were my enemy." One way or another, with family relationships was forever finished. Subsequently, numerous novels were attributed to Stalin, including with the first beauty of the Soviet screen, Lyubov Orlova, but mostly these are unconfirmed rumors and myths.

Vasily Dzhugashvili (Stalin)

Second son

Nadezhda bore Stalin two children. When she committed suicide, the 12-year-old son and 6-year-old daughter were looked after not only by nannies and housekeepers, but also by male guards, led by General Vlasik. It was them that Vasily later blamed for the fact that from a young age he was addicted to smoking and alcohol.

Subsequently, being a military pilot and bravely fighting in the war, he repeatedly received penalties and demotions "in the name of Stalin" for hooligan actions. For example, he was removed from command of the regiment for fishing with aircraft shells, which killed his weapons engineer and wounded one of the best pilots.

Or after the war, a year before Stalin's death, he lost his post as commander of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District, when he showed up drunk at a festive reception of the government and was rude to the commander in chief of the Air Force.

Immediately after the death of the leader, the life of Lieutenant General of Aviation Vasily Stalin went downhill. It began to spread right and left that his father was poisoned, and when the Minister of Defense decided to appoint a troubled son to a position away from Moscow, he disobeyed his order. He was transferred to the reserve without the right to wear a uniform, and then he did the irreparable - he reported his version of Stalin's poisoning to foreigners, hoping to get protection from them.

But instead of abroad younger son Stalin, an order-bearing participant in the Great Patriotic War, ended up in prison, where he spent 8 years, from April 1953 to April 1961. The angry Soviet leadership hung a lot of accusations on him, including frankly ridiculous ones, but during interrogations Vasily confessed to everything without exception. At the end of his term, he was “exiled” to Kazan, but he did not live a year at liberty: he died in March 1962, just a couple of days before his 41st birthday. According to the official conclusion, from alcohol poisoning.

Svetlana Alliluyeva (Lana Peters)

Stalin's daughter

Naturally or not, but the only one of the children in whom Stalin did not look for a soul gave him nothing but trouble during her lifetime, and after his death she fled abroad and in the end completely abandoned her homeland, where she was threatened with a fate until the end of her days to bear moral punishment for father's sins.

From a young age, she started countless novels, sometimes disastrous for her chosen ones. When, at the age of 16, she fell in love with the 40-year-old screenwriter Alexei Kapler, Stalin arrested him and exiled him to Vorkuta, completely forgetting how he himself had seduced the young Nadezhda, Svetlana's mother, at the same age.

Only Svetlana had five official husbands, including an Indian and an American. Having escaped to India in 1966, she became a “defector”, leaving her 20-year-old son and 16-year-old daughter to the USSR. They did not forgive such a betrayal. The son is no longer in the world, and the daughter, who is now under 70, abruptly cuts off inquisitive journalists: “You are mistaken, she is not my mother.”

In America, Svetlana, who became Lana Peters by her husband, had a third daughter, Olga. With her, in the mid-80s, she suddenly returned to the USSR, but did not take root either in Moscow or in Georgia, and as a result, she finally left for the United States, renouncing her native citizenship. Her personal life did not work out. She died in a nursing home in 2011, her burial place is unknown.

Svetlana Alliluyeva: "Wherever I go - to Switzerland, or India, even Australia, even to some lonely island, I will always be a political prisoner of my father's name."

Stalin had three more sons - two illegitimate, born from his mistresses in exile, and one adopted. Surprisingly, their fates were not so tragic, on the contrary, as if remoteness from their father or lack of blood relationship saved them from evil fate.

Artem Sergeev

Stalin's adopted son

His own father was the legendary Bolshevik "Comrade Artem", a revolutionary ally and close friend of Stalin. When his son was three months old, he died in a railway accident, and Stalin took him into his family.

Artem was the same age as Vasily Stalin, the guys from childhood were inseparable. From the age of two and a half, both were brought up in a boarding school for "Kremlin" children, however, in order not to raise a "children's elite", exactly the same number of real street homeless children were placed with them. Everyone was taught to work equally. The children of the party members returned home only on weekends, and they were obliged to invite orphans to their place.

According to the memoirs of Vasily, Stalin "loved Artyom very much, set him as an example." However, the diligent Artyom, who, unlike Vasily, studied well and with interest, Stalin did not give concessions. So, after the war, he had a pretty hard time at the Artillery Academy because of the excessive drill and nitpicking of teachers. Then it turned out that Stalin personally demanded that his adopted son be treated more strictly.

Already after the death of Stalin, Artem Sergeev became a great military leader, retired with the rank of Major General of Artillery. He is considered one of the founders of anti-aircraft missile troops THE USSR. He died in 2008 at the age of 86. Until the end of his life he remained a devoted communist.

Mistresses and illegitimate children

British specialist in Soviet history Simon Seabag Montefiori, who has many awards in documentary films, traveled around the territory of the former USSR in the 90s and found a lot of unpublished documents in the archives. It turned out that the young Stalin was surprisingly amorous, was fond of women of different ages and classes, and after the death of his first wife, during the years of Siberian exile, had a large number of mistresses.

17 year old high school graduate Field of Onufrieva he sent passionate postcards (one of them is in the photo). Postscript: “I have your kiss, passed on to me through Petka. I kiss you in return, and not just a kiss, but gorrrryacho (just kissing is not worth it!). Joseph".

He had affairs with party comrades - Vera Schweitzer And Lyudmila Stal.

And on a noblewoman from Odessa Stephanie Petrovskaya he even considered getting married.

However, Stalin lived two sons with simple peasant women from a distant wilderness.

Konstantin Stepanovich Kuzakov

An illegitimate son from a cohabitant in Solvychegodsk Maria Kuzakova

The son of a young widow who sheltered the exiled Stalin graduated from a university in Leningrad and made a dizzying career - from a non-party university teacher to the head of cinematography at the USSR Ministry of Culture and one of the leaders of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. He recalled in 1995: “My origin was not a big secret, but I always managed to evade the answer when they asked me about it. But I suppose my promotion is also related to my abilities.

Only in adulthood did he first see Stalin up close, and this happened in the canteen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. Kuzakov, as a member of the apparatus of the Central Committee responsible for propaganda, was engaged in political editing of speeches. “I didn’t even have time to take a step towards Stalin. The bell rang, and the members of the Politburo went into the hall. Stalin stopped and looked at me. I felt that he wanted to say something to me. I wanted to run towards him, but something stopped me. Probably, subconsciously, I understood that public recognition of kinship would bring me nothing but big trouble. Stalin waved the receiver and walked slowly ... "

After that, under the pretext of a working consultation, Stalin wanted to arrange a personal reception for Kuzakov, but he did not hear the phone call, having fallen asleep soundly after a late meeting. Only the next morning he was informed that he had missed. Then Konstantin saw Stalin more than once, both close and from a distance, but they never spoke to each other, and he did not call to himself again. "I think he did not want to make me an instrument in the hands of intriguers."

However, in the 47th Kuzakov almost fell under repression due to the intrigues of Beria. He was expelled from the party for "loss of vigilance", removed from all posts. Beria at the Politburo demanded his arrest. But Stalin saved the unrecognized son. As Zhdanov later told him, Stalin walked along the table for a long time, smoked, and then said: "I see no reason to arrest Kuzakov."

Kuzakov was reinstated in the party on the day Beria was arrested, and his career resumed. He retired already under Gorbachev, in 1987, at the age of 75. Died in 1996.

Alexander Yakovlevich Davydov

An illegitimate son from a cohabitant in Kureika Lidia Pereprygina

And here it was almost a criminal story, because the 34-year-old Stalin began to live with Lydia when she was only 14. Under the threat of gendarme prosecution for seducing a minor, he promised to marry her later, but fled from exile earlier. At the time of his disappearance, she was pregnant and already without him gave birth to a son, Alexander.

There is evidence that at first the runaway father corresponded with Lydia. Then, there was a rumor that Stalin was killed at the front, and she married the fisherman Yakov Davydov, who adopted her child.

There is documentary evidence that in 1946, 67-year-old Stalin suddenly wanted to find out about their fate and gave a laconic order to find the bearers of such and such surnames. According to the results of the search, Stalin was given a brief reference - such and such live there. And all the personal and piquant details that came to light in the process surfaced only 10 years later, already under Khrushchev, when the campaign to expose the cult of personality began.

Alexander Davydov lived the simple life of a Soviet soldier and worker. Participated in the Great Patriotic War and Korean Wars, rose to the rank of major. After his discharge from the army, he lived with his family in Novokuznetsk, worked in low positions - as a foreman, head of the factory canteen. Died in 1987.

In 1919, forty-year-old Stalin married the young Nadezhda Alliluyeva. She was then only seventeen; at the same time with her, Stalin brought her weather brother into his house.

The Soviet people first learned the name of Nadezhda Alliluyeva in November 1932, when she died and a grandiose funeral procession stretched through the streets of Moscow - the funeral that Stalin arranged for her, in terms of splendor, could withstand comparison with the funeral corteges of Russian empresses.

She died at the age of thirty, and, naturally, everyone was interested in the cause of this so early death. Foreign journalists in Moscow, having not received official information, were forced to be content with rumors circulating around the city: they said, for example, that Alliluyeva died in a car accident, that she died of appendicitis, etc.

It turned out that the rumor prompted Stalin a number of acceptable versions, but he did not use any of them. Some time later, he put forward the following version: his wife was ill, began to recover, but, contrary to the advice of doctors, she got out of bed too early, which caused complications and death.

Why couldn't it just be said that she fell ill and died? There was a reason for this: just half an hour before her death, Nadezhda Alliluyeva was seen alive and healthy, surrounded by a large society of Soviet dignitaries and their wives, at a concert in the Kremlin. The concert was given on November 8, 1932 on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of October.

What actually caused the sudden death of Alliluyeva? Among the employees of the OGPU, two versions circulated: one, as if tested by the authorities, said that Nadezhda Alliluyeva shot herself, the other, whispered, claimed that Stalin had shot her.

About the details of this case, I was told something by one of my former subordinates, whom I recommended to Stalin's personal guard. That night he was just on duty in Stalin's apartment. Shortly after Stalin and his wife returned from the concert, a shot rang out in the bedroom. “When we broke in there,” the guard said, “she was lying on the floor in black silk evening dress, with curled hair. There was a pistol next to her.

There was one oddity in his story: he did not say a word about where Stalin himself was, when the shot rang out and when the guards ran into the bedroom, whether he was also there or not. The guard was silent even about how Stalin took the unexpected death of his wife, what orders he gave, whether he sent for a doctor ... I definitely got the impression that this man would like to tell me something very important, but expected questions from me. Fearing to go too far in the conversation, I hastened to change the subject.

So, it became known to me from a direct witness of the incident that the life of Nadezhda Alliluyeva was cut short by a pistol shot; Whose hand pulled the trigger remains a mystery. However, if I sum up everything I knew about this marriage, I should perhaps conclude that it was suicide.

For high-ranking officials of the OGPU-NKVD it was no secret that Stalin and his wife lived very unfriendly. Spoiled by unlimited power and the flattery of his associates, accustomed to the fact that all his words and deeds cause nothing but unanimous admiration, Stalin allowed himself in the presence of his wife such dubious jokes and obscene expressions that no self-respecting woman can stand. She felt that insulting her with such behavior, he takes obvious pleasure, especially when all this happens in public, in the presence of guests, at a dinner party or a party. Alliluyeva's timid attempts to rebuke him caused an immediate rude rebuff, and when drunk, he burst into the most selective obscenity.

The guards, who loved her for her harmless character and friendly attitude to people, often found her crying. Unlike any other woman, she did not have the opportunity to freely communicate with people and choose friends on her own initiative. Even when she met people she liked, she could not invite them "to Stalin's house" without obtaining permission from him and from the leaders of the OGPU who were responsible for his security.

In 1929, when party members and Komsomol members were thrown into the rise of industry under the slogan of the speedy industrialization of the country, Nadezhda Alliluyeva wanted to contribute to this matter and expressed her desire to enter some educational institution where one could get a technical specialty. Stalin did not want to hear about this. However, she turned to Abel Yenukidze for assistance, who enlisted the support of Sergo Ordzhonikidze, and by joint efforts they convinced Stalin to let Nadezhda go to study. She chose a textile specialty and began to study viscose production.

So, the dictator's wife became a student. Extraordinary precautions were taken so that no one in the institute, with the exception of the director, would know or guess that the new student was Stalin's wife. The head of the Operational Directorate of the OGPU, Pauker, attached two secret agents to the same faculty under the guise of students, who were entrusted with taking care of her safety. The driver of the car, who was supposed to deliver her to classes and bring her back, was strictly ordered not to stop at the institute entrance, but to turn around the corner, into the alley, and wait for his passenger there. Later, in 1931, when Alliluyeva received a brand new "gazik" (a Soviet copy of the "Ford") as a gift, she began to come to the institute without a driver. The OGPU agents, of course, followed her on the heels in another car. Her own car did not arouse any suspicion at the institute - at that time in Moscow there were already several hundred high-ranking officials who had their own cars. She was happy that she managed to escape from the musty atmosphere of the Kremlin, and devoted herself to her studies with the enthusiasm of a person doing an important state business.

Yes, Stalin made a big mistake by allowing his wife to communicate with ordinary citizens. Until now, she knew about government policy only from newspapers and official speeches at party congresses, where everything that was done was explained by the noble concern of the party for improving the life of the people. She, of course, understood that for the sake of the industrialization of the country, the people must make some sacrifices and in many ways deny themselves, but she believed the statements that the standard of living of the working class was rising from year to year.

At the institute, she had to make sure that all this was not true. She was amazed to learn that the wives and children of workers and employees are deprived of the right to receive ration cards, and therefore food. Meanwhile, two students, returning from the Ukraine, told her that in areas that were especially hard hit by famine, cases of cannibalism were noted and that they personally took part in the arrest of two brothers who were found with pieces of human meat intended for sale. Alliluyeva, stricken with horror, retold this conversation to Stalin and Pauker, the head of his personal guard.

Stalin decided to put an end to hostile attacks in his own home. Having attacked his wife with obscene abuse, he told her that she would not return to the institute anymore, he ordered Pauker to find out who these two students were and to arrest them. The task was not difficult: Pauker's secret agents assigned to Alliluyeva were obliged to observe who she met within the walls of the institute and what she was talking about. From this incident, Stalin drew a general "organizational conclusion": he ordered the OGPU and the party control commission to begin a ferocious purge in all institutes and technical schools, paying special attention to those students who were mobilized for collectivization.

Alliluyeva did not attend her institute for about two months, and only thanks to the intervention of her "guardian angel" Yenukidze was able to complete her course of study.

About three months after the death of Nadezhda Alliluyeva, guests gathered at Pauker's; there was talk of the deceased. Someone said, regretting her untimely death, that she did not use her high position and was generally a modest and meek woman.

- Meek? Pauker asked sarcastically. So you didn't know her. She was very irascible. I would like you to see how she flared up one day and shouted right in his face: "You are a tormentor, that's who you are! You are torturing your own son, torturing your wife ... you have tortured the whole people!"

I also heard about such a quarrel between Alliluyeva and Stalin. In the summer of 1931, on the eve of the day scheduled for the departure of the spouses to rest in the Caucasus, Stalin for some reason became angry and attacked his wife with his usual square abuse. She spent the next day in the hassle of leaving. Stalin appeared and they sat down to dinner. After dinner, the guards carried Stalin's small suitcase and his briefcase into the car. The rest of the things had already been delivered in advance directly to the Stalinist train. Alliluyeva took hold of her hat box and pointed out to the guards the suitcases she had packed for herself. "You won't go with me," Stalin announced unexpectedly. "You'll stay here!"

Stalin got into the car next to Pauker and drove off. Alliluyeva, amazed, remained standing with a hat box in her hands.

She, of course, did not have the slightest opportunity to get rid of her despot husband. There would be no law in the whole state that could protect her. For her, it was not even a marriage, but rather a trap, from which only death could free her.

Alliluyeva's body was not cremated. She was buried in the cemetery, and this circumstance also caused understandable surprise: a tradition had long been established in Moscow, according to which the dead party members were supposed to be cremated. If the deceased was a particularly important person, the urn with his ashes was walled up in the ancient Kremlin walls. The ashes of dignitaries of lesser caliber rested in the wall of the crematorium. Alliluyeva, as the wife of the great leader, should, of course, have been honored with a niche in the Kremlin wall.

However, Stalin objected to cremation. He ordered Yagoda to organize a magnificent funeral procession and burial of the deceased at the ancient privileged cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent, where the first wife of Peter the Great, his sister Sophia and many representatives of the Russian nobility were buried.

Yagoda was unpleasantly struck by the fact that Stalin expressed a desire to follow the hearse all the way from Red Square to the monastery, that is, about seven kilometers. Responsible for the personal security of the "owner" for more than twelve years, Yagoda knew how he strives to avoid the slightest risk. Always surrounded by personal guards, Stalin, however, always came up with additional, sometimes ridiculous tricks to even more reliably ensure his own security. Having become the sole dictator, he never ventured to walk the streets of Moscow, and when he was about to inspect some newly built factory, the entire factory territory, by his order, was freed from workers and was occupied by the troops and employees of the OGPU. Yagoda knew how it got to Pauker if Stalin, going from his Kremlin apartment to his office, accidentally met with one of the Kremlin employees, although the entire Kremlin staff consisted of communists, checked and re-checked by the OGPU. It is clear that Yagoda could not believe his ears: Stalin wants to follow the hearse on foot through the streets of Moscow!

The news that Alliluyeva would be buried at Novodevichy was published the day before the burial. Many streets in the center of Moscow are narrow and winding, and the funeral procession is notoriously slow moving. What does it take for some terrorist to look out of the window for the figure of Stalin and throw a bomb from above or fire at him with a pistol, or even a rifle? Reporting to Stalin several times a day about the preparations for the funeral, Yagoda each time made attempts to dissuade him from the dangerous undertaking and convince him to arrive directly at the cemetery at the last moment, in a car. Unsuccessfully. Stalin either decided to show the people how much he loved his wife, and thereby refute possible rumors that were unfavorable to him, or his conscience worried him - after all, he caused the death of the mother of his children.

Yagoda and Pauker had to mobilize the entire Moscow police and urgently demand thousands of Chekists from other cities to Moscow. In each house along the path of the funeral procession, a commandant was appointed, who was obliged to drive all the residents into the back rooms and forbid them to leave. In every window overlooking the street, on every balcony, there was a gepeushnik. The sidewalks were filled with an audience consisting of policemen, Chekists, soldiers of the OGPU troops and mobilized party members. All side streets along the planned route had to be blocked and cleared of passers-by since early morning.

Finally, at three o'clock in the afternoon on November 11, the funeral procession, accompanied by mounted police and units of the OGPU, moved from Red Square. Stalin really walked behind the hearse, surrounded by other "leaders" "and their wives. It would seem that all measures were taken to protect him from the slightest danger. Nevertheless, his courage did not last long. Ten minutes later, reaching the first meeting on along the way of the square, he, together with Pauker, separated from the procession, got into the car waiting for him, and the motorcade of cars, one of which was Stalin, raced in a roundabout way to the Novodevichy Convent, where Stalin waited for the arrival of the funeral procession.

Grave of Nadezhda Alliluyeva

As I already mentioned, Pavel Alliluyev followed his sister when she married Stalin. In these early years, Stalin was gentle with his young wife and treated her brother as a member of his family. In his house, Pavel met several Bolsheviks, little known then, but who later occupied the main posts in the state. Among them was Klim Voroshilov, the future People's Commissar for Defense. Voroshilov treated Pavel well and often took him with him, going to military maneuvers, air and parachute parades. Apparently, he wanted to awaken Pavel's interest in the military profession, but he preferred some more peaceful occupation, dreaming of becoming an engineer.

I first met Pavel Alliluyev at the beginning of 1929. It took place in Berlin. It turns out that Voroshilov included him in the Soviet trade mission, where he monitored the quality of supplies of German aviation equipment ordered by the USSR People's Commissariat of Defense. Pavel Alliluyev was married and had two small children. His wife, daughter Orthodox priest, worked in the human resources department of a trade mission. Alliluyev himself was listed as an engineer and was a member of a local party cell. Among the huge Soviet colony in Berlin, no one, except for a few senior officials, knew that Alliluyev was a relative of Stalin.

As an employee of the state control, I was assigned to oversee all export and import operations carried out by the trade mission, including secret military purchases made in Germany. Therefore, Pavel Alliluyev was subordinate to me in the service, and we worked hand in hand with him for more than two years.

I remember when he first came into my office, I was struck by his resemblance to his sister - the same regular features, the same oriental eyes, looking at the light with a sad expression. Over time, I became convinced that in character he was in many ways reminiscent of his sister - just as decent, sincere and unusually modest. I want to emphasize one more of his properties, so rare among Soviet officials: he never used weapons if his opponent was unarmed. Being a brother-in-law of Stalin and a friend of Voroshilov, that is, having become a very influential person, he never made it clear to those employees of the mission who, out of careerist motives or simply because of a bad character, weaved intrigues against him, not knowing with whom he was dealing.

I remember how a certain engineer, subordinate to Alliluyev and engaged in testing and acceptance of aircraft engines manufactured by a German company, sent a memorandum to the mission leadership, where it was said that Alliluyev had a suspicious friendship with German engineers and, having fallen under their influence, carelessly followed the check aircraft engines shipped to the USSR. The informant considered it necessary to add that Alliluyev also reads newspapers published by Russian emigrants.

The head of the trade mission showed this paper to Alliluyev, noting at the same time that he was ready to send the slanderer to Moscow and demand that he be completely expelled from the party and removed from the Vneshtorg apparatus. Alliluyev asked not to do this. He said that the man in question was well versed in motors and tested them very conscientiously. In addition, he promised to talk to him face to face and cure him of his intriguing tendencies. As you can see, Alliluyev was too noble a man to take revenge on the weak.

During the two years of working together, we touched on a lot of topics in conversations, but only occasionally talked about Stalin. The fact is that even then I was not too interested in Stalin. What I managed to learn about him was enough to feel disgust for this person for the rest of my life. And what new could Paul tell about him? He once mentioned that Stalin, drunk on vodka, began to sing spiritual hymns. Another time, I heard from Pavel about such an episode: once in a Sochi villa, coming out of the dining room with a physiognomy distorted by anger, Stalin threw a table knife on the floor and shouted: "Even in prison they gave me a sharper knife!"

I parted ways with Alliluyev in 1931, as I was transferred to work in Moscow. Over the following years, I almost did not have to meet him: either I was in Moscow, and he was abroad, or vice versa.

In 1936, he was appointed head of the political department of the armored forces. Voroshilov, the head of the political department of the Red Army, Gamarnik, and Marshal Tukhachevsky became his immediate superiors. The reader knows that the following year, Stalin accused Tukhachevsky and Gamarnik of treason and an anti-government conspiracy, and both of them died.

At the end of January 1937, while in Spain, I received a very warm letter from Alliluyev. He congratulated me on receiving the highest Soviet award - the Order of Lenin. The letter contained a very strange postscript. Pavel wrote that he would be glad to have the opportunity to work with me again and that he was ready to come to Spain if I took the initiative and asked Moscow to be assigned here. I could not understand why it was I who needed to raise this issue: after all, it was enough for Pavel to tell Voroshilov about his desire, and the deed would be done. On reflection, I decided that the postscript was attributed to Alliluyev simply out of courtesy: he wanted to once again express his sympathy to me, expressing his readiness to work together again, he wanted to once again demonstrate his friendly feelings.

In the autumn of the same year, when I arrived in Paris on business, I decided to visit the international exhibition that was taking place there, and, in particular, the Soviet pavilion. In the pavilion, I felt someone hugging my shoulders from behind. I turned around - the smiling face of Pavel Alliluyev was looking at me.

- What are you doing here? I asked with surprise, meaning by the word "here", of course, not an exhibition, but Paris in general.

“They sent me to work at the exhibition,” Pavel answered with a wry smile, naming some insignificant position he occupied in the Soviet pavilion.

I thought he was joking. It was impossible to believe that yesterday's commissar of all the armored forces of the Red Army had been appointed to a position that any non-partisan of our Paris trade mission could have taken. It is all the more incredible that this happened to a Stalinist relative.

The evening of that day was busy for me: the NKVD resident in France and his assistant invited me to dine in an expensive restaurant on the left bank of the Seine, near Place Saint-Michel. I hastily scribbled the address of the restaurant on a piece of paper for Pavel and asked him to join.

In the restaurant, to my surprise, it turned out that neither the resident nor his assistant knew Pavel. I introduced them to each other. Dinner was already over when Pavel had to leave for a few minutes. Taking advantage of his absence, the NKVD resident leaned close to my ear and whispered: "If I had known that you would bring him here, I would have warned you ... We have Yezhov's order to keep him under surveillance!"

I was in a hurry.

Leaving the restaurant with Pavel, we leisurely walked along the Seine embankment. I asked him how it could happen that he was sent to work at the exhibition. "Very simple," he replied bitterly. "They needed to send me somewhere far away from Moscow." He paused, looked at me searchingly and asked: "Have you heard anything about me?"

We turned down a side street and sat at a table in the corner of a modest café.

- In recent years, there have been big changes ... - Alliluyev began.

I remained silent, waiting for what would follow.

“You must know how my sister died…” and he trailed off hesitantly. I nodded, waiting to continue.

Well, since then he has stopped accepting me.

Once Alliluyev, as usual, came to Stalin's dacha. At the gate, a guard on duty came out to him and said: "It was ordered not to let anyone in here." The next day, Pavel called the Kremlin. Stalin spoke to him in his usual tone and invited him to his dacha next Saturday. Arriving there, Pavel saw that the dacha was being rebuilt, and Stalin was not there ... Soon, Pavel was seconded from Moscow on official business. When he returned a few months later, some employee of Pauker came to him and took away his Kremlin pass, allegedly in order to extend its validity. The pass was never returned.

“It became clear to me,” Pavel said, “that Yagoda and Pauker inspired him: after what happened to Nadezhda, it’s better that I stay away from him.

What are they thinking about! he suddenly exploded. - What am I to them, a terrorist, or what? Idiots! Even here they are spying on me!

We talked most of the night and parted when it was already dawn. We agreed to meet again in the coming days. But I had to urgently return to Spain, and we never saw each other again.

I understood that Alliluyev was in great danger. Sooner or later, the day will come when Stalin will become unbearable from the thought that somewhere nearby the streets of Moscow are still wandering the one whom he made his enemy and whose sister he brought to the grave.

In 1939, passing by a newsstand - it was already in America - I noticed a Soviet newspaper, either Izvestia or Pravda. Having bought a newspaper, I immediately began to look through it on the street, and a mourning frame caught my eye. It was an obituary dedicated to Pavel Alliluyev. Even before I had time to read the text, I thought: "So he finished him!" The obituary "with deep sorrow" reported that the commissar of the armored forces of the Red Army, Alliluyev, died untimely "in the line of duty." Under the text were the signatures of Voroshilov and several other military leaders. Stalin's signature was not. As with Nadezhda Alliluyeva, so now the authorities carefully avoided details ...

11.08.2010 - 11:13

Everyone is submissive to love - including the people who make history. Sometimes cruel tyrants, sending people to their deaths by the thousands, turn out to be the most reverent and tender husbands. But basically dictators are too cruel and merciless even with loving and beloved women...

Poor Kato

Little is known about the personal life of Joseph Stalin. He carefully destroyed any documents and evidence relating to his love and family relationships.

Historians have to rely only on what he nevertheless decided to leave to posterity, and on rare eyewitness accounts who sin with inaccuracies and sometimes outright lies - in the name of saving lives.

But still, some facts are known reliably. The first wife of Joseph Dzhugashvili, who did not yet have a significant party pseudonym Stalin, was a young Georgian girl Ekaterina (Kato) Svanidze. Joseph was then only 26 years old, but he already had a reputation as a fiery revolutionary who did not spare his belly in the name of the ideas of universal equality and fraternity. True, the means by which the Bolsheviks achieved their goal turned out to be bloody - death and destruction trailed behind them like a train ... But in those days it only gave the aura of romantics to these gloomy and merciless young people who went through exile, prisons, escapes ...

They considered themselves noble knights - for example, Joseph Dzhugashvili coined the nickname Koba for himself - in honor of a literary hero, a robber who robbed the rich and gave money to the poor.

16-year-old Kato was the sister of the same fanatical revolutionary Alexander Svanidze, who had nothing against marriage to Soso Dzhugashvili, who had great authority among the Caucasian freedom fighters. In 1904, Soso and Kato got married and settled in a small poor room - poor and ragged. At the same time, huge funds expropriated from the rich passed through the hands of Dzhugashvili - but they all went to the needs of the party. Koba himself practically did not appear at home - his life is too complicated and stressful, in which everything is subordinated to the service of the revolution, but by no means to the family hearth and beloved woman. Kato spends all her time alone, cleaning up their miserable shack and figuring out what to make their meager dinner out of.

In 1907, Kato and Soso had a son, Yakov. The life of a woman became even harder, and she, torn by childbirth, fell ill with typhus. Soso had no money for treatment. The weakened body could not cope with the disease, and Kato died ... Soso sincerely experienced her death, and according to eyewitnesses, he began to destroy his enemies with redoubled fury. And little Yakov ended up in the family of Kato's parents, with whom he lived until the age of 14 ...

Tenderness of a tyrant

The stern revolutionary was left alone. He had to go through a lot of terrible and cruel events, go through exile, prisons, escapes again ... He went into the service of the revolution, and there was no time left for his personal life. New love in his heart flared up after the victory of the Bolsheviks, in the 20s ...

Young Nadenka (she was 23 years younger than Stalin), the daughter of the revolutionary Sergei Alliluyev, gave her heart to this silent, gloomy and legendary man. He came to the house of an old comrade-in-arms, sparingly talked about all the horrors that he had to endure in life, and she listened with bated breath ... Everything happened according to the old scheme: “She fell in love with him for torment, and he loved her for compassion for him." But nevertheless, they sincerely loved each other, although in those harsh years, various sentimental tendernesses were considered a weakness characteristic only of the unfinished bourgeoisie.

In 1921, their son Vasily was born, and at the same time Yakov was brought from Georgia - Stalin finally had real family. But it happened again old story- Koba did not have time for ordinary human joys. He inexorably walked towards his goal, destroying enemies along the way, and he had no time to deal with all sorts of cute family nonsense and sentimentality. At the same time, Nadia was an ordinary weak woman - not a fiery revolutionary, not a fanatic of serving the ideals of Marxism. They even wanted to expel her from the AUCPB at one time, as "a ballast who is not interested in the party." But at the same time, Stalin, a man who has already achieved power and all the heights of position that were possible in the USSR, lives with Nadezhda and loves her and her children very much - Vasya and little Svetlana, who was born in 1925.

Very little is known about their relationship, and very little written evidence of their love remains - short lines of letters with which they did not indulge each other - people who dream of a world revolution are not up to trifles. But even in these mean lines one can see both Nadezhda's love for “dear Joseph” and tenderness for “Tatka” (that was her childhood nickname), unexpected for the bloody image of Stalin.

“As soon as you find yourself 6-7 free days, roll straight to Sochi. I kiss my Tatka. Your Joseph. “Tatka! How did you get there, what did you see, did you see the doctors, what is the opinion of the doctors about your health, write ... We will open the Congress on the 26th ... Things are going well. I really miss you, Tatochka, I'm sitting at home alone, like an owl ... Well, goodbye ... come soon. Kiss".

“Tatka! Forgot to send you money. I am sending them with a comrade who is leaving today ... Your Joseph "("cap" and "nogo" - this is how their daughter Svetlana pronounced the words "strongly" and "a lot").

But, as often happens, tender feelings woke up mainly during separation, and when lovers were nearby, friction constantly arose. They were especially aggravated by the fact that Nadezhda had almost no one to communicate with, except for Stalin, and he could not devote much time and attention to her. And the reasons for the loneliness of the first lady of the state lay in her special position. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov recalled: “When I met Nadya, I had the impression that there was some kind of emptiness around her - she somehow had no female friends at that time, and the male audience was afraid to approach her - suddenly Stalin if he suspects that they are courting his wife, he will die. I had a clear feeling that the wife of an almost dictator needs the most basic human relations.

But the relationship with the closest and only person was very difficult. The same Bazhanov, who became friends with Nadia, wrote: “Her life at home was difficult. Stalin was a tyrant at home. Constantly holding yourself back business relations with people, he did not stand on ceremony with his family. More than once, Nadya told me, sighing: “The third day she is silent, does not talk to anyone and does not answer when they turn to him; an unusually difficult person” ... One can only imagine how hard it was for her to experience all this ...

"My personal life is hard" ...

The circumstances of the death of Nadezhda Alliluyeva are still and, most likely, forever shrouded in uncertainty. She committed suicide on November 8, 1932 by shooting herself in the temple. According to the official version, Nadezhda died of appendicitis. But even then, when the general public did not know that she had committed suicide, rumors spread about the suspicious circumstances of Alliluyeva's death.

For example, the Western press put forward the following versions: “Hirst's newspapers publish new messages in which they again convey rumors that Stalin's wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, did not die of appendicitis, but was poisoned. According to this version, she always herself tried the products from which they prepared dinner for her husband. She recently tasted poisoned foods sent by the 'conspirators' and ended up poisoning herself." ("New Russian word New York, December 3, 1932).

But in the USSR they whispered muffledly that it was Stalin himself who killed her. True, those who knew him closely did not believe this. It is difficult to imagine that a man who loved his wife so much could kill her himself. To torment - yes, to bring to tears - yes, but to kill the only beloved woman and the mother of your children is completely different ...

After the death of his wife, Stalin wrote to his mother: “Hello, my mother. I received your letter. I'm healthy, don't worry about me - I'll stand my share ... The children bow to you. After the death of Nadia, my personal life is hard. But never mind, a courageous person must always remain courageous.”

It is hard to imagine that a person is lying to his mother on such a serious issue as the death of his wife ... Most likely, her death was a complete surprise for him and shocked him very much, maybe even broke him, making him a truly cruel person. Stalin never married again, although, of course, he could choose any, the most beautiful, women as his wife. But he preferred to remain alone, never showing his true feelings to anyone else and not becoming attached to anyone ...

Let me remind you that I also talked about Stalin's personal pilot and bodyguard

• 66021 views