Events for the Battle of Stalingrad in the museum. Help for the librarian
Extra-curricular event "The Great Battle on the Volga",
dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad
Target:
to show schoolchildren the heroism and patriotism of the defenders of Stalingrad, which has not faded over the years, the role and significance of the Battle of Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War.
Tasks:
1. Formation of the idea of the Battle of Stalingrad as the greatest event during the Great Patriotic War and World War II;
2. activation creative activity students;
3. formation of moral, emotional qualities of a person;
4. instilling a sense of patriotism, love for the motherland, respect for the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland.
Conduct form: historical - literary - musical composition with the use of an educational project.
Conducting methods: information method using ICT.
Audience: 11th grade students.
Stage and hall decoration: On the shield of the stage is the name of the event "The Great Battle on the Volga", the date of the Battle of Stalingrad, and below the numbers a guards ribbon flutters; exhibition of books about the Battle of Stalingrad.
Equipment: computer , projector, presentation "Battle of Stalingrad".
Event progress
Student 1: Tsaritsyn - Stalingrad - Volgograd ... A city with which many historical events are associated. The city that has become a symbol of Russia, a symbol of the "Russian spirit" and "Russian character".
Student 2: At the last frontier before the Volga, Soviet soldiers showed unprecedented courage and stamina and dealt a crushing blow to the enemy.
Student 3: The great victory on the banks of the Volga in February 1943 marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War. Since then, the word "Stalingrad" has entered all languages of the world and has become an eternal reminder of heroism, extraordinary fortitude and selfless love for one's Fatherland. February 2, 1943 is the day of Russia's military glory.
Reader 1:
There are names and there are such dates, -
They are full of incorruptible essence.
We are to blame for them on weekdays, -
Do not pray for guilt on holidays.
And praise with loud music
Do not drown out their memory of the saint.
And they will live in our descendants,
That maybe we'll be left behind.
(A. Tvardovsky)
Reader 2:
In due time - not too late and not too early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze.
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
Come February 2nd.
And there, at that frosty one,
At that sacred height
You are on the wing of a white blizzard
Put down red flowers.
And as if for the first time you notice
What was it, their military way!
February - February, soldier's month -
Blizzard in the face, snow on the chest.
One hundred years will pass. And a hundred snowstorms
And we are indebted to them all.
February - February. Soldier's month
Carnations are burning in the snow.
(M. Agashina)
Student 4: It was the second year of the war. The Nazis decided to take revenge after the defeat near Moscow. Enemy troops launched an attack on the Volga and the Caucasus. In June 1942, the enemy managed to break through the defenses on the southwestern front. Part of the Soviet troops was surrounded. Mortal danger hung over the country. In the offensive in the summer of 1942, the German command attached particular importance to the capture of Stalingrad. Access to the Volga gave the enemy the opportunity to cut the transport artery of the country, important for the life of the country, through which bread and oil were delivered to the central regions from the south. The Soviet troops were faced with the task of stopping the enemy at all costs.
Reader 3:
To the Volga by fascist hordes
Trampled feather grass steppe,
But the enemy tramples near the city,
Standing in front of a steel wall.
She's built of courage
And faithful hearts of soldiers.
A high example for a warrior
There is a hero-Stalingrad.
(A. Prokofiev)
Student 1: On July 17, on the rivers Chir and Tsimla, tributaries of the Don, the forward detachments of the 62nd Army of General V.I. Chuikov met with the enemy who went on the offensive. The Battle of Stalingrad began. With complete superiority in forces, the enemy waged a furious offensive. The Germans believed that they could easily capture Stalingrad with the forces of only the 6th Army. Hitler named the date of the capture of the city - 25 July. The enemy went to the Don and created a real threat of a breakthrough to the approaches to Stalingrad.
Reader 4:
Open to the steppe wind
Houses are broken.
Sixty two kilometers
Stalingrad is stretched in length.
As if he were on the blue Volga
Turned around in a chain, took the fight,
Stood front across Russia -
And covered it all up!
Student 2: A deep breakthrough of the Germans in the Caucasus and Stalingrad directions sharply aggravated the strategic situation. On July 28, People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin turned to the troops with order No. 227. “It’s time to end the retreat,” the order said. No step back! We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every piece of Soviet land and defend it to the last possible.
Reader 5:
Stalingrad, Stalingrad! age-old community,
The inescapable pride of the people of all,
We can't leave Stalingrad even for an hour,
And for a moment it is impossible to leave him.
We cannot depart for love and duty,
After all, behind us, soldiers, is not just water,
And the great Volga, the great Volga,
The one that in the songs of the people spilled forever!
And we stood up to die here, on the land of Stalingrad,
And the Germans need to look into the graves already ...
Again we swore our soldier's oath
On the last, on such a formidable frontier!
(A. Prokofiev)
Student 3: Hitler's plans to take the city were thwarted. And then, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon on August 23, 1942, enemy bombers will start at Stalingrad. On that day, they were supposed to destroy the city, wipe it off the face of the earth. The pilots reported to the Fuhrer: “Stalingrad is under us, it has become a burning hell. The bombs fall right on target, the huge fires in all districts of the city are, as it were, identification marks. From August 23 to 29, fascist pilots made 2,000 sorties to Stalingrad. In a matter of hours, enemy bombs turned the city into a hellish giant bonfire. In one day, 40,754 civilians were killed and over 50,000 were wounded. Houses collapsed, the streets were drowned in smoke and flames.
Reader 6:
Traces of the enemy - ruins and ashes.
Everything living here is burned to the ground.
Through the smoke you can't see the sun in the black sky
In place of the streets - stones and ash.
Here everything is mixed up in this whirlwind:
Fire and snow, dust and hail of lead,
Who will survive here until death
Formidable Stalingrad will not be forgotten!
(G. Hakobyan)
Pupil 4: After a fierce bombardment on August 23, burning oil spilled down the Volga, and the river was on fire. For 3 days, the team of the fire steamer "Gassitel" fought against the flaming haze, transporting the wounded, women, the elderly, and children. No bombardment could intimidate his crew. The defenders of Stalingrad had one crossing, the only way to the city - across the Volga, in smoke, under bombs and shells, under machine-gun fire. Volga barges with reserves and ammunition made their way to him along the river reared by explosions. People on the shore lined up in a chain, in the roar and roar of bombardments, mines and shells were thrown from their hands to the very line of battle. Over the two-kilometer expanse of the Volga, fascist planes circled, bombed and fired. The sailors of the Volga military flotilla and the Volga rivermen made 35.5 thousand combat flights during the Battle of Stalingrad, transported more than 100 thousand soldiers, thousands of tons of military cargo to the right bank. They took tens of thousands of wounded and civilians out of the burning city.
Reader 7:
irresistible efforts
despising death,
Volzhskaya
military flotilla,
glorify
and sing?
ferocious
and daring
to relatives
our shores
held back
gunboats,
fierce enemy.
Courage severe
swatches
everyday
today is like yesterday
again and again
minesweepers showed,
repeated armored boats.
(G. Trubilov)
Student 1: On August 25, Stalingrad was declared under martial law. On August 26, the city defense committee called on the population to start building barricades to make the streets of the city impassable to the enemy. And, despite the bombing, the inhabitants fearlessly erected fortifications, equipped basements of buildings for firing points. The city was defended by units of 3 fronts: Southwestern (commander - General M.S. Vatutin), Donskoy (commander - K.K. Rokossovsky), Stalingrad (commander - General A.I. Eremenko).
Student 2: On July 31, the 4th Panzer Army of Goth was thrown from the Caucasian direction to Stalingrad by the German command. Later, 2 Romanian and one Italian armies were drawn into the battle. If in July 30 divisions attacked Stalingrad, in August - 69, then in September there were already 81 divisions. The Stalingrad direction for the Nazis was the main one. The enemy had one and a half superiority in people, double in guns and multiple in tanks and aircraft.
Student 3: The Nazis persistently rushed to the city, and they managed to break into it not only from the north, but also from the south. Since September 12, fighting has been going on in Stalingrad. The defense of the city was carried out by units of the 62nd (commander - General V.I. Chuikov) and the 64th Army (commander - M.S. Shumilov). The German - fascist troops made 4 attempts to storm one after another. On the night of September 15, the position of the defenders deteriorated so much that fresh reinforcements - the 13th Infantry Division of General A.I. Rodimtsev had to be thrown into battle immediately after the crossing.
Student 4: The unparalleled courage of the Stalingraders shocked even the experienced Nazi warriors. Corporal Gelman wrote to his fiancee: “It is impossible to describe what is happening here. Everyone who has a head and hands is fighting in Stalingrad - men and women. The Nazis died by the hundreds.
300-400 meters from the Volga were the combat positions of the 138th Red Banner Division of General I. I. Lyudnikov. On a small piece of land, an "island" of seven hundred meters along the front and 400 meters in depth, the Ludnikovites fought for almost a month and a half and did not let the enemy through. Rodimtsev's division headquarters was located 5 meters from the water and 250 meters from the front line. But the Nazis could not overcome these meters.
Reader 9:
Here the meter lost its meaning
As distance is a simple measure.
He measured life and death
And great examples of courage.
(Johannes R. Becher)
Student 1: The tractor factory became a warrior factory these days. For 42 days it worked under bombardment, under artillery and mortar fire. In August, the factory delivered 390 tanks to the front. And in September, the workers had to work without letting go of their weapons. And yet the front received 200 tanks and 150 tractors. The Nazis settled on the slopes of the Mechetka, continuously shelling the plant. Now the tanks entered service right there, outside the factory gates.
Reader 10:
The earth was deaf from the firing,
And blocking the sky
Rising iron poles
Iron and fire.
Shards, cement dust,
They ring at the black slabs.
Boiling water. The earth is burning
And the man is standing.
Student 2: The Germans delivered the main blow to the 62nd Army in the direction of Mamaev Kurgan and the Central Station. The fierceness of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the central station changed hands 13 times. In the factory area, a battalion of marines took up defensive positions when fascist tanks broke through. The lead tank reached the position occupied by Mikhail Panikakha. The sailor let the Nazis get closer, swung a bottle of combustible mixture, but the bullet pierced the bottle, the flames engulfed the warrior. And then, with a second bottle, he rushed to the tank, broke its armor, a huge flame engulfed the fighter along with the enemy vehicle.
Reader 11:
Rumbled in the bloody mist
Hundredth attack shaft,
Angry and stubborn, chest-deep in the ground,
The soldier stood to death.
He knew that there was no turning back
He defended Stalingrad!
The tank was advancing on him, growling,
Threatened with pain and death.
He, lurking in a ditch, from his shoulder
Tanks were smashed with a grenade.
Bullet for bullet. Shot for shot.
He defended Stalingrad!
(A. Surkov)
Student 3: The Nazis continued to build up their forces. Their main goal is Mamaev Kurgan. Whoever owned this height of 102.0 dominated the city. From here, the central crossing, the factory districts were viewed and shot through. Here, from September 13, 1942 to January 30, 1943, for 140 days and nights, the earth trembled from explosions of shells, mines and air bombs. Blackened, as if charred, mound. After the war, it was called dead: the earth here was densely mixed with iron fragments and blood, and nothing grew on it for a long time.
Reader 12:
There was an order not to step back,
Even if doomed
Turned into a holy saga
Nineteen weeks of war!
Three hundred of us left a company,
The spirit of Russian victories is alive,
And the German rushing infantry,
To the height of one hundred and two!
Thousands of us died here
Breaking the fascist backbone
Mamaev Kurgan - the son of the Earth,
Heir of great victories!
(V.Marakhin)
Student 4: Stubborn battles were fought in Stalingrad for every street, house, floor, basement. Pavlov's house on January 9 Square is a brick building that occupied a dominant position over the surrounding area. From here it was possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to one kilometer, and to the north and south even further. Department of Sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov from the 13th guards division destroyed the Nazi garrison in a 4-storey building. The Nazis subjected the house to crushing artillery and mortar fire, bombed it from the air, continuously attacked, but its defenders steadfastly repelled countless enemy attacks, inflicted losses on it and did not allow the Nazis to break through to the Volga in this area. Nazi tanks attacked this house for 58 days and nights. In the reports of Paulus, this house was noted as a powerful defensive center with a strong garrison and underground passages. It was not known to the Nazis that this house was defended by a small group of guards of 25 people. "Pavlov's House" remained impregnable. “This small group, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost during the capture of Paris,” noted V.I. Chuikov.
Reader 13:
Attacks, attacks...
Fatigue cramped his hands.
What is the weather today?
What is today's date?
And again - the attack ...
And there is no number...
last bullet
For the death of the fascist left.
(Mumin Kanoat)
Student 1: In one of the battles in mid-October, an immortal feat was accomplished by a signalman from the headquarters of the 308th rifle division Matthew Putilov. In the midst of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both of his hands were shattered. Bleeding, the hero crawled to the place where the communication line was broken and, losing consciousness, connected both ends with his teeth.
Student 2: Sniper fire was used very widely in the defense of Stalingrad. During the battle, the fame of the Siberian sniper Vasily Zaitsev thundered. Zaitsev personally destroyed 242 fascists, and the soldiers trained by him in sniper business destroyed 1106 enemy soldiers and officers. It was he who said the words that became the oath of the defenders of Stalingrad: “There is no land for us beyond the Volga!” The German - fascist command, in order to destroy Zaitsev, delivered to Stalingrad the head of the Berlin school of snipers, the European champion in shooting Konings. But after 4 days, he himself fell on the fly of our wonderful sniper.
Student 3: Artilleryman V.Ya.Boltenko, left alone at the gun, boldly entered into combat with 15 enemy tanks and won. The feat of Alexander Matrosov was accomplished in the days of the Battle of Stalingrad by 11 people.
Student 4: Like representatives of all peoples and nationalities of the former Soviet Union, the inhabitants of the Mari region smashed the Nazis on the Volga. According to archival data of the Volga Military Commissariat, 61 natives of the city of Volzhsk and the region died in the battles near Stalingrad, 21 people went missing, and 19 soldiers and officers died in battles from their wounds. In the post-war period, 187 participants lived, 70 people were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad."
Reader 14:
fire and steel
Sacred ruins of Stalingrad,
who is your relative?
We made a barrier wider than the Volga
of steel and fire.
From the rage that soared
Faster than flocks of eagles
From hatred, which is stronger than metal,
That ash steel.
From brotherhood and from our blood friendship -
Don't forget them,
Yes, out of love for the motherland - so huge,
That she has no measure! …
(A. Prokofiev)
Student 2: When the situation became especially difficult, the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was transported from Moscow to Stalingrad, besieged by the invaders. She was on the right bank of the Volga among our troops, where the Nazis were rushing. The enemy did not manage to cross great river Russia. And on the eve of the defeat of the Nazis near Stalingrad, a prayer service was served before the miraculous image, and after that the signal was given to attack.
Student 2: At the end of October, General Paulus noted: “The resistance of the Red Army has reached such a strength that we did not expect. Not a single one of our soldiers or officers now speaks disparagingly about Ivan, although until recently they spoke like this all the time. But Hitler hid the truth about the events near Stalingrad until the fateful day. In a speech delivered by him in November 1942, he stated:
“Stalingrad is ours! Russians are still sitting in several houses. The city bearing the name of Stalin is in our hands. The greatest Russian river - the Volga - is paralyzed. And there is no force in the world that can move us from this place.”
Student 3: The Nazi soldiers who were near Stalingrad had a different opinion. Here is what Wilhelm Hoffmann, who served in the office battalion, wrote in his diary: “In Germany, everyone is convinced that Stalingrad is completely ours. How deeply mistaken they are! If only they could see what Stalingrad did to our army!”
Pupil 4: In the second half of November 1942, the defensive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad ended. On November 13, 1942, the operation plan to defeat the enemy, codenamed "Uranus", was considered and approved by the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.
Reader 15:
A rocket fired above us...
And after -
After a volley, a volley of cannons,
zapev,
Hit "Katyusha"
Fire.
That melts steel and stone,
The earth is on fire
Smoke - clouds!
This is how the Victory began -
So the world
Our soldier said
Answering his worries,
How will the battle end on the Volga!
(Leonid Voronin)
Student 1: On November 19, 1942, the morning silence of the Don steppes was torn apart by powerful volleys of more than 7 thousand guns and mortars from the Southwestern and Don fronts. A fiery avalanche of Katyusha rockets fell on the enemy. The troops of both fronts simultaneously went on the offensive, broke through the enemy's defenses and, breaking his fierce resistance, went forward. On November 20, the Stalingrad Front hit them. The second period of the Battle of Stalingrad began - the period of the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops. On November 23, the advanced units of the Southwestern and Stalingrad fronts met in the area of the city of Kalach, Soviet District.
Student 2: The encirclement closed. A grouping of fascist German troops numbering 330 thousand people with numerous equipment and weapons ended up in the cauldron. For almost 2 months the Germans languished in a giant cauldron of encirclement. They were mowed down by hunger and cold. The Soviet command created the outer and inner fronts of the encirclement. After the war, already in 1953, the former commander of the encircled group, Field Marshal F. Paulus, wrote: "The well-thought-out plan for the Battle of Stalingrad, developed by the Soviet command, was carried out with the accuracy of a clockwork."
Student 3: Having recovered from their confusion, the fascist German command began to take measures to save the encircled group. On December 12, the Nazis made an attempt to break through the blockade of the Soviet troops. To liberate Paulus' troops, the powerful tank army "Don" under the command of General Field Marshal Manstein went on the offensive. For the first time, a battalion of new heavy tanks tiger type. Manstein threw one division after another into battle. At a critical moment, the 2nd Guards Army of R.Ya. Malinovsky came to the aid of our bleeding troops, and by December 31, as a result of heavy fighting, the enemy was defeated and driven back 250 kilometers from Stalingrad.
A fragment of the song “Hot Snow” sounds (music by A. Pakhmutova, lyrics by M. Lvov)
Student 4: In January, the Soviet command offered the 6th Army an ultimatum to surrender, but Paulus rejected it. The plan for the elimination of the enemy, conditionally called the "Ring", was drawn up at the end of December. The plan provided for a strike from west to east to divide the encircled group into two parts, and then eliminate each of them separately. Overcoming stubborn resistance, on January 26, our troops divided the grouping into two parts - northern and southern. The Headquarters instructed the Don Front, commanded by General K.K. Rokossovsky, to liquidate the Nazi troops. To this end, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command strengthened the front with its reserves. On January 10, at 08:05, powerful artillery preparation began. The enemy has never experienced such an artillery strike. Early in the morning of January 26, the troops of the 21st Army united in the area of the village of Krasny Oktyabr and Mamaev Kurgan with the troops of the 62nd Army and cut the encircled group into two parts.
Reader 16:
And the hour has struck. The first blow struck, -
The villain is backing away from Stalingrad.
And the world gasped, having learned what loyalty means,
What does the rage of believers mean.
(Olga Bergolts)
Student 1: On January 31, the enemy’s southern grouping was liquidated and Field Marshal Paulus was captured with his headquarters, located in the basement of the Stalingrad department store. On February 2, she laid down her arms and northern group Nazi troops, based in the area of the tractor plant and the Barrikady plant. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, silence fell in the city on the Volga ...
The song by A. Pakhmutova “There is silence on Mamayev Kurgan” sounds
Student 2: On February 2, 1943, the greatest battle of World War II ended. In total, during the Battle of Stalingrad, the fascist German army lost 800 thousand people, up to 2 thousand tanks and assault guns, more than 10 thousand guns and mortars, about 3 thousand combat and transport aircraft. 35 divisions and brigades were destroyed, 16 more lost more than half of their composition. Parts of the Soviet Army captured 91,000 Nazis, including 2,500 officers and 24 generals, led by Field Marshal Paulus. Germany has never suffered such a catastrophe.
Student 3: The battle for Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights. In Stalingrad, 42 thousand houses and 126 enterprises were destroyed. On the eve of the war, 525,000 people lived in Stalingrad; after the end of the battle, 32,000 remained.
Student 4: The greatest role in achieving the Great Victory belongs to the Battle of Stalingrad. The world was amazed and delighted with the legendary victory of the Soviet troops, which marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the course of the entire Second World War. Here is what was written in the letter of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt: “On behalf of the people of the United States of America, I present this letter to the city of Stalingrad to mark our admiration for its valiant defenders, whose courage, fortitude and selflessness will forever inspire the hearts of all free people. Their glorious victory stopped the tide of invasion and became the turning point of the Allied Nations' war against the forces of aggression."
Student 1: For courage and heroism shown during the battle, tens of thousands of soldiers and officers were awarded state awards. The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was awarded to about 754 thousand participants in the battle, and the hero city of Stalingrad in 1965 was awarded the "Gold Star" medal.
Student 2: February 2, 1943 is a national holiday of military prowess, the feat of a Russian soldier who defends the world for us. About him, a Russian soldier, the famous words were written on Mamaev Kurgan: “The iron wind hit them in the face, and they kept moving forward, and again a feeling of superstitious fear seized the enemy: people went on the attack, are they mortal? - Yes, we were mere mortals, and few of us survived, but we all fulfilled our patriotic duty to the sacred Motherland. (Inscription in the Hall of Military Glory on Mamaev Kurgan).
Reader 17:
Don't name them,
Everyone who many years ago
Steel wall relentlessly
At the Volga stood up for Stalingrad!
Don't name them
Who revived the city to life,
Winged by a great goal,
He gave him so much power.
And if you want to know
Do not disturb the old archives,
Say only the word "Stalingraders"
And you can name them all.
(A.Polyakov)
The song "Let's bow to those great years!"
(music by A. Pakhmutova, lyrics by M. Lvov)
Reader18:
Descendant!
Looking proud
On the free steppes of the country,
Remember
how honored
Fearless sons!
Stubborn in the fight, majestic,
In the ring of impregnable fences.
Near the Volga on fire and fires
Stalingrad forged the victory.
(Irakli Abashidze)
Literature:
1. Chernova M.N. History: extracurricular activities. (grades 5-11). M .: Airispress, 2009.
2. Orekhova G.A. Echo of the war years: methodological developments. Volgograd: Publishing house "Panorama", 2006.
3. Collection of events for Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day and other patriotic holidays: scripts for solemn rulers, evenings, literary and musical compositions, class hours, military sports games / ed. - comp. M.V. Vidyakin and others. Volgograd: Teacher, 2008.
4. Khokhlov S.V. Kaleidoscope extracurricular activities. M:Ilexa, public education, Stavropol, 2003.
Battle of Stalingrad: how it was
Materials for conversations, reports, messages
for teenagers and youth
(to the 71st anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad)
Dear Colleagues!
The material offered to you contains the most Interesting Facts, events from our events dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad. It can be divided into parts, use only the moments you like, supplement with music, quizzes and contests, etc. In it, in chronology, the battle is very popular and interestingly told..
I did not plan to post this material specifically on the blog, but our recent event with students, dedicated to the battle of Stalingrad, made me very upset. Of the entire group of students, no one knew exactly when this battle took place, how long it lasted, and other well-known facts from history. Only one person from the whole group named the dates of the Great Patriotic War! A depressing fact. Of course, after the event, the students correctly answered the questions of the quiz in chorus, but how long this knowledge will remain in their heads is unknown. I hope that this material will be useful to colleagues in the patriotic education of adolescents and youth.
Every year on February 2, residents of the Volgograd region celebrate a very significant and memorable date - the anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. The battle that shocked the whole world, which was the beginning of the end of Nazi Germany. Nowhere else in the world has there been such mass heroism, such a concentration of the spiritual and moral strength of the people. How this battle began, its stages and the people who saved not only Stalingrad, but also the country, the whole world - today we will tell you about it, dear guys. I am not a native Volgograd, but having repeatedly been on Mamaev Kurgan, in the panorama of the "Battle of Stalingrad", meeting at events in the library with participants and witnesses of this battle, listening to their simple, but very terrible in their veracity stories and memoirs, constantly reading everything new that appears in the press about the Battle of Stalingrad, I feel a sense of great gratitude and sincere admiration for these people, bow before their courage and fortitude, their optimism and desire to live. Long life to the few remaining participants in the Battle of Stalingrad and blessed memory to all those who died and died from wounds.
6 years lasted in the history of mankind The second World War , during which there were many large and important battles, but only one of them in the full sense of the word shook the consciousness of the people of the entire planet. In the February days of 1943, the Great Victory was won on the banks of the Volga, which marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the war. Since then, the word "Stalingrad" has entered all languages of the world and has become a universally recognized symbol of heroism, fortitude and love for one's Fatherland.
In due time - not too late and not too early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze.
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
Come February 2nd.
And there, at that frosty one,
At that sacred height
You are on the wing of a white blizzard
Put down red flowers.
And as if for the first time you notice
What was it, their military way!
February-February, soldier's month -
Blizzard in the face, snow on the chest.
One hundred years will pass. And a hundred blizzards.
And we are indebted to them all.
February-Feb. Soldier's month
burning carnations in the snow.
(Margarita Agashina)
Today, our great-grandfathers remember how it was, and we are talking about their immortal feat. We speak to remember those who defended that frontier, who defended Russia.
5 April 1942 Hitler signed Directive No. 41, which defined the goal of the German troops - to capture the industrial center - Stalingrad, whose enterprises produced military products (factories "Red October", "Barricades", Tractor Plant); go to the Volga, sail into the Caspian Sea and into as soon as possible get to the Caucasus, where the oil needed for the front was extracted. This the plan of the German summer campaign in 1942 bore the modest name "Blau" (blue). At a meeting in Poltava on June 1, 1942 at the headquarters of Army Group South Hitler declared: “My main idea is to occupy the Caucasus region, possibly by thoroughly defeating the Russian forces. If I don’t get oil from Maykop and Grozny, I will have to end the war.” .
Capture of Stalingrad as a major industrial center and an important communications hub was of decisive importance for the Nazis. For them, it was not just a military-political and economic center. By winning here, they could gain the advantage they needed to successfully continue the war. "We will storm Stalingrad and take it!" Hitler boasted. He understood very well that this symbolic city bearing the name of Stalin plays a key role in the minds of the Soviet people.
On June 19, 1942, a lost German staff plane "Storch" landed at the location of the Russian troops.”, which was Major Reichel, an officer of the German General Staff. In violation of all instructions, his briefcase was full of maps, documents, from which the intentions of the Germans were clear - to conduct a summer campaign in southern Russia. Fulfill this idea Hitler planned with the forces of the 6th Paulus Field Army in just one week - by July 25, 1942.
German 6th Field Army Model 1940 to September 1942 Mr. is the dream come true of the German Wehrmacht, Then the most advanced army in the world, with which, according to Hitler, "you could storm the sky". She conquered a number of European capitals - Brussels (Belgium), Paris (France)). On the Eastern Front, she achieved a significant victory near Kharkov, having carried out "cauldron" for Russian troops in the summer of 1942 (240 thousand prisoners). Only 22 thousand Russian soldiers came out of the "cauldron". Commander of the German 6th Army Lieutenant General tank troops Friedrich Wilhelm Paulus, after a brilliant victory near Kharkov, became a national hero of Germany, he was also the actual author of the entire plan for the war with Russia "Barbarossa". It was one of the best military minds in Germany at the time.
By the middle of the summer of 1942, the greatest battle in the history of the war unfolded in the interfluve of the Volga and Don. It is called the battle of the century, a radical turning point in World War II. In terms of its scale, the fierceness of the battles, the number of people participating and military equipment, it knew no equal, surpassed at that time all the battles of world history. The battle unfolded over a vast territory of 100 thousand square meters. kilometers. Military historians claim that at certain stages of this battle over 2 million people participated simultaneously on both sides! How can Waterloo compare to that! Only in the battles for the "Pavlov's House" (58 days) did the Nazi troops suffer significantly more losses than during the capture of some European capitals! The battle on the Volga is unparalleled in the history of mankind! This battle, unprecedented in history, lasted 200 days and 200 nights (6.5 months)!
Sergei Orlov, front-line poet wrote:
Open to the steppe wind
Houses are broken.
Sixty two kilometers
Stalingrad is spread out in length.
As if he were on the blue Volga
Turned around in a chain, took the fight,
Stood front across Russia -
And covered it all up!
July 12, 1942 by decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command was The Stalingrad Front was created. He was appointed commander Marshal of the USSR Timoshenko, and from August 1942 - Colonel General Eremenko.
On July 14, 1942, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Stalingrad region was declared under a state of siege.
The day of July 17, 1942 became the DAY OF THE START OF THE HUNDRED
LINGRAD BATTLE.
This battle is usually divided by domestic historians into defensive and offensive stages. Defensive stage - from July 17 to November 19, 1942. From November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943 - the 2nd, offensive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Fighting on the streets of the city
The central event of the first, defensive stage, and indeed of the entire battle, was the fierce struggle for the possession of Stalingrad (until 1925 - Tsaritsyn). A participant in this bloody battle with and the possession of the city became its population, which by that time numbered more than 900 thousand inhabitants, moreover, about half of the townspeople were refugees from various places in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic states, including 50 thousand people who arrived here from besieged Leningrad.
The Battle of Stalingrad began in the big bend of the Don, on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. The advanced units of the German troops reached the Chir River and entered into battle with units of our 62nd Army. From the side of the Germans were put forward: 14 divisions - 270 thousand soldiers and officers, 3 thousand guns, 500 tanks, 1200 aircraft. From the side of the Soviet troops: 12 divisions - 160 thousand people, 2200 guns, 400 tanks, and a total of 454 aircraft.
Marines attack during the defense of Stalingrad
The first to meet the enemy were Kletsky, Surovikinsky, Serafimovichsky, Chernyshkovsky districts of our region. The battle on the western bank of the Don lasted for about 3 weeks. on the line Kletskaya - Surovikino - Suvorovskaya. The lightning operation failed, the fighting took on a protracted character. Only the creation of a double numerical superiority helped the enemy to achieve success.– our troops retreated beyond the Don. If the Nazis broke through to the Volga - this would be a terrible, irreparable blow for our entire country. That's why On July 28, 1942, the order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 227 was issued with the demand: "Not a step back!" It was perhaps the most severe order in the entire war. It spoke of the full mobilization of forces to repulse the enemy.
By August 20, 1942, the Germans managed to force the Don, and on August 23, the Germans broke out to the Volga near the northern outskirts of Stalingrad, in the Latoshynka area, by 16.00 hours. August 23, 1942 was the most terrible day for our soldiers and the population of Stalingrad. It is called the "Day of the Stalingrad catastrophe."Only recently declassified information about this day. If until this day the city lived its usual life - shops, factories, theaters, cinemas worked, trams ran, children ran through the streets, played football and war, then in a few hours, Stalingrad was wiped off the face of the earth.
At 4:18 p.m., at Fulfilling Hitler's order, the Nazis subjected Stalingrad to a massive bombardment: hundreds of aircraft launched a bombing strike of enormous power, during the day 2000 enemy sorties were made. The bombardment continued without interruption for several days.
From the memories of an eyewitness: “It was scary to see what happened. They dropped not only small fragmentation bombs, but also bombs of half and a ton in weight, so that the earth soared and trembled, as in an earthquake. In addition to bombs for intimidation, the Germans dropped rails, iron tractor wheels, harrows, sheets of boiler iron, barrels with holes, and all this flew from the sky into the city with a wild howl, rattle and clang. German planes, entering the peak, turned on powerful sirens, and from these hellish sounds the soul was ready to jump out of the body.
The whole city was on fire: buildings, oil storage facilities were burning, asphalt was melting. Flaming oil spilled over the water. It seemed that everything was on fire and burning - even the Volga itself. Commander A. M. Eremenko told: “I had to go through and see a lot on military roads, but what I saw on August 23 in Stalingrad amazed me.”
The Nazis broke through to the Volga River north of Stalingrad, tried to rush to the city, but the Stalingraders courageously repelled their attacks.
From the memoirs of the Hero of the Soviet Union General of the Army Lyashchenko: “The episode on the anti-aircraft battery will never be forgotten. I went to the defensive line in an armored car. I went to a high-rise, I heard gunfire and an unforgettable picture opened up in front of me. A group of fascist tanks (about 10) broke through and rushed to the anti-aircraft battery. The battery opened fire on them. One, the second and the third enemy tank caught fire. The Nazis stopped and turned back. I drove up to this battery and was amazed: the entire composition of the battery was girls 18-20 years old and only one man, the foreman of the battery.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel-General Alexander Rodimtsev described those August days as follows: « The city looked like hell. The flames of the fires rose several hundred meters. Clouds of smoke and dust hurt my eyes. Buildings collapsed, walls fell, iron warped. Eyewitnesses testified: “Stalingrad flared up, the Volga flared up from burning spilled oil. The wounded in hospitals, escaping, jumped out of the windows. Writhed, burning, mothers and babies in maternity hospitals. The stones melted like wax, and the clothes on the people running through the streets flared up from the unbearable heat. . Fierce fighting in the city itself lasted more than two months. Such stubborn city battles were not known in military history before Stalingrad.. For every home. For each floor or basement. For every wall.
Fire and snow, dust and lead hail
Formidable Stalingrad will not be forgotten!
For the first time, the enemy used the tactics of carpet bombing the city. From August 28 to September 14, 1942, 50 thousand bombs weighing from 50 to 1000 kilograms were dropped on Stalingrad.For every square kilometer of Stalingrad land, there were up to 5 thousand bombs and large-caliber fragments. No city in the world could withstand such a firestorm.
On August 25, 1942, a state of siege was introduced in Stalingrad. Under the siege of the city the production of weapons for the front was accelerated (only on the night of August 23-24, more than 100 tanks were produced). The construction of barricades and anti-tank barriers on the streets of the city began. Trams ran in the city until August 23, the Stalingradskaya GRES worked until September 5, 1942, until the German aircraft destroyed the station, at the Barricades, guns and mortars were assembled until September 14, 1942, until the entire stock of parts was used up.
The Germans bombed and bombed the city and the crossings. As a result of the bombing, oil flowed into the Volga and burned on its surface. In such conditions, rivermen, sailors and rear workers in just 20 days - from August 24 to September 14, 1942, managed to transport up to 300 thousand people across the Volga and a large number of factory equipment (food and weapons were transported from that side).
Panorama Museum "Battle of Stalingrad"
Barbaric bombardments, tank attacks did not break the resistance of the defenders of Stalingrad. In September 1942, the front ran in a winding line through the streets, squares and quarters of the destroyed city. In some sections, this line ran only 30-50 meters from the Volga. There were fights for every street, every house, for every basement.
Such stubborn urban battles are almost unknown in military history. It was decided to keep the city at any cost. Stalin's order of October 5, 1942 read: "Stalingrad must not be surrendered to the enemy."
In the appeal of the Stalingrad City Defense Committee to the inhabitants of the city said: “Dear comrades! Native Stalingraders! We won't give up hometown, native home, native family. We will cover all the streets of the city with impenetrable barricades. Let us make every house, every quarter, every street an impregnable fortress.”
Stalingraders could not remain indifferent. Up to 50,000 workers joined the people's militia. Most had only three-rulers in their hands, but the determination to destroy the enemy was unshakable.
"The factories entered the front line, they are under fire, - writes Evgeny Krieger in the story "The Fire of Stalingrad".-No one leaves, no one puts out stoves where they can still stand. They worked for 24 hours under bombardment, and many were injured; the plant suffered losses like a front, and fought like a front. A day later, people standing at the machines threw 200 assembled, serviceable guns to the line of defense. The workers themselves dragged them into battle. There were not enough gun crews, and the former gunsmiths went into firing positions and fired from their own cannons. The battle is going on in basements, on stairwells, in ravines, on high mounds, on roofs of houses, in yards - the war in Stalingrad is close. The Germans are chasing division after division; divisions come and go. And the city stands - in ruins, in the ashes - but alive! It stands like a wall on the other bank, and behind it is the Volga .... No forts, no concrete shelters. The line of defense passes through wastelands and yards where housewives hung out laundry; through the now deserted square with the asphalt uprooted by shells; through the factory area; through the garden, where lovers whispered on the benches this summer. The city of peace has become a city of battle. The line of defense runs through the hearts here.”
On September 14, 1942, the Berlin radio even announced to the whole world about the conquest of Stalingrad, one of the two cities - the symbols of the nation of that time, and about the division of Russia into two halves. The Germans were quick to wishful thinking. In the very last moments before the complete surrender of the city, battalions of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, Major General Alexander Ilyich Rodimtsev, appeared in its Volga ruins. They urgently crossed from the left bank of the Volga to the right. Of the 10 thousand fighters, about 6 thousand remained, the rest drowned, were killed. On the move, entering the battle, they drove the enemy out of the city center and Mamaev Kurgan. The battles were fierce, the streets and squares of the city became places of continuous battles that did not subside until the end of the battle. The central station of the city 13 times within one week passed either to ours or to enemies.
Mamaev Kurgan (height 102.0 on military maps) became the site of the most bloody and fierce battles in Stalingrad: for every square meter of land, there were from 500 to 1250 fragments. According to poet R. Rozhdestvensky, there is more metal in Kurgan than in the famous Magnetic Mountain! Mamaev Kurgan was of great strategic importance: from its top, the adjacent territory, the crossing over the Volga, was clearly visible and shot through. In mid-September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan changed hands several times. The Nazis stormed it 10-12 times a day, but, losing people and equipment, they could not capture the entire territory of the mound.
Burnt, pitted with deep craters, bunkers, covered with fragments from bombs and shells, the mound turned black even in winter, as if charred. This is a place of great loss of life ... and unparalleled courage and heroism Soviet soldiers. It was he who became a key position in the struggle for the Volga banks.
So, on June 23, 1942, on a high-rise near the Kalmykov farm near Stalingrad, repelling the attack of the Nazis, Pyotr Boloto knocked out 8 German tanks. For this feat he was awarded title of Hero of the Soviet Union - one of the first heroes in the Battle of Stalingrad.
In the middle of September 1942, with there was a threat of an enemy breakthrough to the Volga near the square named after January 9th. It was decided to turn 2 four-story houses located in parallel on the square into strongholds, sending two groups of fighters there. One group was commanded by Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, the other by Lieutenant Nikolai Zabolotny. Both groups drove the Germans out of their houses and entrenched themselves there. These points of defense entered the history of the Battle of Stalingrad precisely as “Pavlov’s house” and “Zabolotny’s house”.
When on Mamaev Kurgan at the most intense moment of the battle, the connection was cut off, Private signalman of the 308th Infantry Division Matvey Putilov went to repair the broken wire. When restoring a damaged communication line, both hands were shattered by fragments of a mine. Losing consciousness, he tightly clamped the ends of the wire between his teeth. Communication has been restored. For this feat, Matvey Putilov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class. His communications reel was handed over to the best signalmen of the 308th division.
During the Battle of Stalingrad former sailor of the Pacific Fleet Vasily Zaitsev showed outstanding sniper skills. Only in street fights did he bring his personal score to 240, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. German fascist command delivered to Stalingrad the head of the Berlin school of snipers, Major Kenings - to destroy Zaitsev. But soon he was shot dead by a famous Soviet sniper.
Mikhail Panikakha is a soldier of the 1st company of the 193rd rifle division. A bottle of flammable liquid he raised on an enemy tank was ignited by a bullet. Then he, engulfed in flames, rushed to the German car and destroyed the enemy tank with its crew.
It is known that more than 20 crews of pilots - participants in the Battle of Stalingrad - repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastello.
The history of the Battle of Stalingrad keeps many names of women nurses, signalmen - with a heroic and tragic fate.
IN cold water at the crossing of our troops on the right bank of the Volga in the autumn of 1942 assisted the wounded and rescued the drowning under continuous bombardment Lyudmila Rodionova. In one of the battles, she received a severe wound in the head, survived and returned to duty.
Maria Kukharskaya carried 420 wounded from the battlefield. In the attack, she walked behind the fighters to see them. They firmly believed in her. They knew that they would not miss a single one, they would not leave a single one.
Nurse Masha Melikhova not only did the dressings. She gave her blood to the seriously wounded. This mercy, participation, compassion increased tenfold the strength of the soldiers and was a real feat. Every day was filled with groans and cries, pain and horror, blood and despair. And every minute there was a struggle of these "sisters" for the most precious thing - for human life.
Medical instructor from the 214th Infantry Division Marionella Koroleva (and among relatives - Gulya) fought at the front from the first days of the war. Near the Panshino farm, she led the fighters on the attack by personal example, first broke into the trenches of the enemy and destroyed 15 fascist soldiers. Mortally wounded, until her last breath, she did not let go of her weapon from her hands - and continued to shoot at the enemy.
The war has become a common test for both the adult population of our country and children. They matured early. Like their fathers, they defended their homeland.
The youngest defender of the city was Seryozha Aleshkov. This a six-year-old orphan boy helped, as best he could, the soldiers of the 142nd regiment of the 47th guards rifle division. And even saved the life of his commander, calling for help in time.
In the farm Verbovka captured by the Nazis, a "barefoot garrison" operated. This detachment consisted of teenagers 10-14 years old. There were 20 of them, and they fearlessly acted against the enemy, sowing panic among the invaders. The boys were seized and brutally tortured, and then shot in front of the farmers.
By November 1942, the Nazis had razed Stalingrad to the ground. But they failed to break the resistance of the Stalingraders. For three months Having seized part of the Stalingrad land and established a “new order” on it, the Nazis managed to hang 108, shoot 1744, subject 1593 Soviet patriots to violence and torture, and drive tens of thousands of people to Germany for forced labor. The invaders spared no one. Not an old man. Not a woman. Not a child. They killed everyone.
Of the 7 districts of Stalingrad, the Germans captured six (except for the Kirov district). They carried out repressions against Jews, communists, partisans. Of the 900 thousand inhabitants at the beginning of the battle, 7 thousand remained by the end of it (according to materials documentary film"Undefeated).
"Survive and win!"- this laconic commandment firmly, like an unbreakable oath, entered the consciousness of the defenders of the Volga stronghold.
All that you defended in the trenches
Ile returned, rushing into the gap,
Protect and protect us bequeathed,
Laying the only lives.
What names are not on the gravestones,
All the tribes were made up of sons.
There are millions of them - unforgotten,
From unknown to famous
To slay which years are not free,
There are millions of them - unforgotten,
The dead who did not return from the war.
It was during heavy retreats and defense that the Soviet leadership had an unexpected plan - to strike from the flanks at the German "wedge" advancing on Stalingrad. There were troops of the German allies - Italians, Romanians, Hungarians, who were weaker armed, and their morale was not as high as that of the Germans.
On November 13, 1942, the plan for the counter-offensive operation of the Red Army, codenamed "Uranus", was considered and approved, which was developed under the leadership of Marshal G.K. Zhukov. For two months, huge masses of Soviet troops and equipment were transferred to Stalingrad in the deepest secrecy.
On November 19, 1942, the counteroffensive of the Southwestern, Don and Stalingrad fronts began. On the fifth day of the offensive, as a result of intense fighting, already on November 23, Soviet troops completed the encirclement of the Stalingrad group of the enemy. It was a resounding success! The headquarters of the German 6th field army, 5 German corps consisting of 20 divisions, 2 Romanian divisions, numerous rear units and institutions were surrounded, numbering about 300 thousand people. There were fierce battles. The Germans wanted to free their people from the encirclement. But our troops, despite the severe frost and blizzard, stubbornly and swiftly destroyed the enemy from the ground and from the air. From Hitler's radiogram to the headquarters of the 6th Army: "The troops of the 6th Army, surrounded in Stalingrad, will henceforth be called the troops of the Stalingrad fortress." Hitler again and again confirmed the order to hold Stalingrad - at any cost. In his opinion, the fate of the entire Eastern Front depended on this. .
From the report of Paulus Manstein: “There are no reserves and there is nothing to create them from. Heavy losses and poor supplies, as well as frost, significantly reduced the combat capability of the troops. If the enemy attacks continue with the same force for several more days, it will be impossible to hold the fortified line.
From the letters of German soldiers:
"Dear Parents! It's New Year's Eve and I'm thinking about home and my heart is breaking. So here everything is bad and hopeless ... Hunger, hunger, hunger, and besides, lice and dirt. Soviet pilots are bombing us day and night, and the artillery fire almost does not stop. If a miracle doesn't happen soon, I'll die here.
Sometimes I pray, sometimes I curse fate. At the same time, everything seems to me meaningless and absurd. When and how will deliverance come? How can a person bear such a thing? Or is all this suffering a punishment from God?
“... I am now sitting here unwashed and unshaven, like a pig ... Your Nis.” “What a wretched position we are in here, in the fortress of Stalingrad. When they saw me, they would be very surprised at my appearance, I lost so much weight that I looked like a half-starved dog. The powers I once had are gone. If you run 3-4 meters, then you stumble over every small stone, you would hardly recognize me. Inside I still had old Rodrich. Changed only externally. And this, in the end, is understandable: 20 grams of bread, 37 grams of meat and 50 grams butter“This is our diet for the day.”
January 10 after powerful artillery and aviation preparation, the troops of the Don Front went on the offensive. Operation Ring has begun. Our troops were to cut the encircled enemy grouping into pieces, and then destroy them.
From the memoirs of a soldier Valery Lyalin:“At the end of January 1943, being in a hopeless situation from hunger, frost and lack of ammunition, subjected to constant shelling and bombing, the Germans began to surrender by the thousands. And on January 31, the entire headquarters of the Sixth German Army, led by Field Marshal Paulus, was taken prisoner.
I stood on Mamaev Kurgan, looked at the destroyed and burnt city and thought: “Field, field, who strewn you with dead bones?” And below, to the Volga, where they so aspired, the escorts led hundreds of thousands of German prisoners. It was terrible to look at them: in the bitter cold they were poorly dressed, ragged, emaciated and frostbite. . The enemy has not yet experienced such a defeat since the beginning of World War II. The fourth part of all their forces operating at that time on the Soviet-German front was lost by the Nazis near Stalingrad.
"The Soviet strategy turned out to be higher than ours ... The best proof of this is the outcome of the battle on the Volga, as a result of which I was captured." (Friedrich Paulus, German Field Marshal ).
The Nazis never recovered from the defeat at Stalingrad. Their total losses in killed, wounded and captured amounted to about 1.5 million people, in connection with which, for the first time in the years of the war, national mourning was declared in Germany.
The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls out to people: The myth of Germany's invincibility has come to an end. But Stalingrad also won at a high price. He presented a terrible picture after the battle. The ruins stretched for 40 kilometers. The tornado of war destroyed 90% of the housing stock. None of the 126 enterprises survived. Irreplaceable human losses.
Our soldiers, having liberated Stalingrad, defeated 2 German, 2 Romanian, 1 Italian army; 113 thousand soldiers and officers, 24 fascist generals were taken prisoner.
The country highly appreciated the feat of its heroes. Tens of thousands of soldiers and officers were awarded state awards. 112 of the most distinguished were awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 750 thousand participants in the battle were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad".
Oral magazine for schoolchildren "Great people, in whose biography was Stalingrad"
My gray generation
It is of a special heat,
Special calculation and step -
From Stalingrad to the Reichstag.
Egor Isaev
Stand - and forget about death!
Yuri Bondarev. Hot Snow
There is no land for us beyond the Volga.
Vasily Zaitsev, sniper,
Hero of the Soviet Union
Target: to replenish students' knowledge of the history of Russia, the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the Battle of Stalingrad; educate patriotism, love for the motherland.
Equipment:
Coat of arms, flag, anthem of Russia;
book exhibition;
Posters about the Great Patriotic War, about the Battle of Stalingrad;
Russian awards;
Map "Battle of Stalingrad";
Props for the scene;
The image of the eternal flame (props);
Tape recorder, audio cassettes;
Metronome, stopwatch.
Event progress
The recording of the Russian anthem sounds.
Leading. Good afternoon, dear children, dear guests! Today we have gathered here to once again recall an important date in the history of our country, to honor the memory of those to whom we owe a lot. So, our conversation is devoted to the great victory in the battle of Stalingrad.
From 1055 to 1452 the famous historian Solovyov counted 245 news about the invasions of Rus', this is an average of one per year. Later, from the 14th century, that is, from birth Russian state, and to this day, for 525 years, Russia has spent 305 years in wars, that is, almost two-thirds of its existence, and counting the war in the Caucasus - 329 years. In total, our civilization (scientists say that it is the 6th in a row) has 14,513 wars.
Here are the specific losses of several countries in World War II (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945):
USSR - more than 27 million people;
France - 600 thousand people;
Great Britain - 370 thousand people;
USA - about 300 thousand people;
Germany - 10 million people.
It should also be noted that about one million participants in those great events of the 20th century that brought liberation from fascism survived. Until the next anniversary, many of them may simply not survive for obvious reasons: after all, the youngest of them is 80 years old.
Today, in these cold February days, I would like to remind you, young children, of our heroes, participants great battle on the Volga, as well as those famous commanders who directly decided the historical fate of the battle on the sacred land of Stalingrad.
1st reader.
In due time - not too late and not too early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze,
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
Come February 2nd.
And there, at that frosty one,
At that sacred height
You are on the edge of a white blizzard
Put down red flowers.
A hundred years will pass and a hundred snowstorms,
And we are all indebted to them.
February, February, soldier's month,
Carnations are burning in the snow.
M. Agashina
After the performance of this poem, the reader approaches the imitation of the eternal flame and lays two red carnations.
Sounds recording of the song "Hot Snow", music. A. Pakhmutova, sl. M. Lvova (1 verse).
Leading. Yes, the snow was indeed hot. The hero of the novel by Yuri Bondarev, the captured German major Dietz, made such an unexpected discovery for himself: “And snow is burning in Russia.” Hot, burning snow - this is what the Germans did not take into account when preparing their barbaric campaign in Russia and the offensive near Stalingrad.
Hot snow is the earth burning under the feet of the enemy, it is an indestructible spiritual force, the origins of which are love for the country, which the Soviet people defended to the end.
The Battle of Stalingrad... No one can now say exactly how many people died near Stalingrad. Then, in the September days of 1942, the “winged” words spoken by sniper Vasily Zaitsev flew around the entire Stalingrad Front: “There is no land for us beyond the Volga.” Zaitsev is from Siberia, a hunter, a well-aimed shooter, although he was wounded in the eye. He personally destroyed 300 Nazis.
Hitler and his entourage, after the failures near Moscow, wanted to take possession of the Caucasian oil, the best grain regions of the country. Stalingrad was an obstacle for them. But this is where Hitler failed. It was here that the elite Nazi divisions "broke their teeth."
The leadership of the Soviet country, in response to Hitler's actions, took appropriate countermeasures.
Scene "Preparation of the counteroffensive near Stalingrad"
CHARACTERS:
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov - General of the Army, 1st Deputy Supreme Commander;
Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky - Colonel General, Chief of the General Staff;
Nikolai Fedorovich Vatutin - Colonel General;
Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov - Colonel General, commander of artillery;
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin, leader of the USSR, Supreme Commander.
The stage has a table and chairs. On the table is a telephone, a map, writing instruments. Generals Vasilevsky, Vatutin, Voronov bent over a map of the Stalingrad region.
Zhukov enters, the generals stand up.
Zhukov. Hello comrades! (Greetings with everyone by the hand). Have a seat. The Military Council of the Stalingrad Front sent its proposals to the Headquarters on organizing and conducting a counteroffensive on its own initiative.
Vasilevsky. All right, Comrade Zhukov, we need to familiarize ourselves with these proposals in detail and take them into service. We set off on October 6 at dawn with Comrade Voronov and Ivanov to the observation post of General Trufanov's 51st Army. There, on the spot, we will get acquainted with all the proposals of the commanders of the troops, once again discuss everything and send a report on the preparation of the counteroffensive near Stalingrad to the name of the Supreme Commander.
Vatutin. George Konstantinovich! I have my own ideas about the counteroffensive: I think that southwestern the front as part of the 21st, 5th tank armies from the bridgeheads southwest of Serafimovich and in the Kletskaya area should break through the defenses of the 3rd Romanian army and rapidly develop a strike with mobile formations to the southeast, reach the Don at the Bolshenabatovskaya - Kalach sector. As a result of this strike, all routes of German withdrawal to the west will be cut off.
Zhukov. Act, Nikolai Fyodorovich. I approve of your plan.
Comrades! (Addresses all those present.) You and I will have to do a good job in the troops in order to help the command, headquarters and troops to fully master the counteroffensive plan and methods for its implementation.
Zhukov turns to Voronov.
And you, comrade Voronov, will work on your tasks, everything that concerns artillery. Please report your actions to me as soon as possible.
Voronov. It will be done, Comrade General.
Zhukov. That's all for today, comrades! You are free. (The generals get up, salute and leave.)
Zhukov sits down, picks up the phone, directly connected to Stalin, the Supreme Commander.
Zhukov. Comrade Stalin! I personally examined the enemy positions in front of the 51st and 57th armies. Worked in detail with the commanders of divisions, corps and commanders of the upcoming tasks for Operation Uranus. TO due date operation will not be prepared. Ordered to cook on November 15th.
It will be necessary to throw Eremenko 100 tons of antifreeze in order to throw the mechanical parts forward, you also need warm uniforms and ammunition.
Stalin (on the other end of the line, sitting at a table in his office). Comrade Zhukov! If Eremenko and Vatutin's air preparation for the operation is unsatisfactory, then I'm afraid the operation will end in failure. The experience of the war with the Germans shows that an operation against the Germans can be won only if we have air superiority.
Zhukov. I agree, Comrade Stalin. I think that Eremenko and Vatutin will cope with the task.
Stalin. Comrade Zhukov! If Novikov thinks that our aviation is not in a position to carry out these tasks now, then it is better to postpone the operation for a while and accumulate more aviation.
Talk to Novikov and Vorozheykin, explain the matter to them and let me know your general opinion.
Zhukov. Yes, Comrade Stalin! Goodbye, Comrade Stalin. (Hangs up the phone).
Both leave.
Leading. The plan for the counteroffensive at Stalingrad was reported by Zhukov and Vasilevsky at a meeting of the Headquarters on November 13 and approved.
On November 19, 1942, the early morning silence of the Don steppes, covered with the first snow, was broken by powerful volleys of more than seven thousand guns and mortars. Since then, every year on November 19, Artillery Troops Day has been celebrated (later missile troops were also added).
The ring around the enemy closed on November 23 in the Kalach-Soviet region. In the ring were the 6th army of General Friedrich Paulus, who marched victoriously across Europe, and part of Manstein's formations (4th Panzer Army) - a total of 22 German divisions total strength 330 thousand people with numerous military equipment.
On December 22, 1942, our troops stopped the Nazis, and on December 24, the enemy's resistance was broken, the enemy began to retreat to the south.
On January 31, 1943, the southern group of Nazi troops, which included Paulus, capitulated. Paulus surrendered to the 64th Army under the command of Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov.
February 2, 1943 after a powerful blow Soviet artillery stopped resistance and the northern group. On this day, the historic battle of Stalingrad ended.
Hitler recognized that now his troops must move from the offensive to the defensive. The period of liberation of the country from the Nazi invaders began.
A. Rosenbaum's song "Red Wall" sounds (1 verse).
2nd reader(leaves with letters-triangles in his hands).
Here is a letter-triangle of a soldier.
From the calm of the cutting edge
Once a precious gift
His mail was carried by the field.
As always, at first - bows
Mom, dad and little sister,
Childhood to good friends - by name
And embarrassed - beloved girl.
And then the young warrior said:
“I beat the Nazis“ in the stomach ”, as they taught,
Awarded the glory of the order,
It is a pity that many guys were buried ... ".
Apparently, they got a cool censor:
So that there is no extra hassle,
I crossed out ... and made sure.
What did the cabinet official read,
Where did you see crime in the letter?
Maybe the colonel offended the guy,
Or spilled an important secret?
3rd reader.
No, the oath is unshakably true,
Maybe the soldier just confessed
That sometimes I was unsure:
Defend or surrender Stalingrad.
As under the furious knock of an automaton
On the last strip of land
Evil thoughts tormented the soldier:
“How did the Germans get to the Volga?”
And he is not to blame for doubts -
Mortal combat ... and the soul is young,
Only words from her to the addressees
Do not know anyone, never-ever:
On the way to the native side
In the depths of the Krasnoyarsk taiga
Overtook the letter ... funeral.
Know that grief has faster steps!
And merged into hundreds of gloomy dawns
With the blackness of maternal longing,
Like a farewell greeting from the other world,
Black ink cool strokes.
Vyacheslav Romasevich, graduate of the Stalingrad Air Force Special School in 1943, participant in the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945
Leading. Letters from the front... Letters from home to the front... Little soldiers' letters - triangles... How the fighters were waiting for them, how the relatives of the fighters were waiting for them! How afraid of envelopes with stamps, where there was a funeral! These letters were the connecting thread between the front and the rear. Here are some of them.
The host reads out three letters from the Stalingrad front.
First letter.
Stalingrad region, Ekaterina Arkhipovna Baryshnikova.
Baryshnikov Alexei Ilyich.
“Hello, dear mom and dad, wife Katya, son Seryozha! I hasten to inform you that I am alive and well. I'm fine so far. Now we have a slight lull, so I decided to write you a few words. We beat the fascists with might and main. Soon we will chase them from our sacred land. How do you live there? Do you need food? How about the garden and melons? Did you manage? Katyusha, my dear wife, be patient a little. Soon I will come from the front, I will repair the roof, I will repair the fence. Yes, I’ll set up my bathhouse in the yard. The main thing is that you are all healthy, and everything will work out there. Dad, how are you, your health? Take care of yourself. Mom, my dear, I know how hard it is for you there, in the rear. Don't worry, I'm lucky. I'll be back alive. And I wish my son Seryozha to grow faster and be a housekeeper. Say hello to all neighbors, relatives, grandmother Klava, aunt Masha, uncle Stepan. Say that I remember and love them all. And I really miss everyone. A small request to you, relatives, if possible, please send warm socks, mittens, underwear, a little shag. Winter is coming, frost will hit. I hasten to finish, the mail is now leaving. See you soon, relatives. Write, I'm waiting for an answer. Your Alexey.
Second letter.
Stalingrad region, Galochkina Zoya Afanasyevna.
Galochkin Nikolay Yakovlevich.
“Hello, dear wife Zoya!
I hasten to inform you that I received your letter today...
I am very glad that I found out how you live. This is very precious to me. I learned from a letter that you donated a thousand rubles from your labor savings to a tank column. Our rear is closely connected with the front. In other words, we all have one goal - to defeat the enemy as quickly as possible. Not far away is the day and the hour when there will be a holiday in our street ... "
Third letter.
Tajikistan, Keberova Rono Saidovna.
Keberov Kim.
“Hello, my dear mom and dad!
I am writing to you from the steppes near Stalingrad. They endured all the hardships and hardships, withstood the blows of the enemy and defended the Volga stronghold - the great Stalingrad. The history of wars has not known and will not know such battles as took place here.
Everything that we experienced during the Battle of Stalingrad is remembered as a nightmare ... "
Private Keberov Kim went missing.
4th reader.
Your age is not measured in years -
He is in your thoughts and deeds.
And I believe more and more
That you are among us, among the living...
You walked the road of war
Knowing the pain of bitterness, loss.
You fought for the whole universe,
Soviet army soldiers.
For the land of my father, beloved
You fought as a family.
The side is quiet, dear
You considered yourself a country.
Like beveled, fell to the ground,
And he died and rose again.
What scope did you set for the battle,
When he advanced on the Volga.
Great battles we know the lines
We can't count the names of the heroes.
You are a legend from that era
We are honored to be proud of you.
No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten!
And eternal memory to you, my soldier!
You look into my eyes boldly
And I'm studying the bar of awards ...
V. Panov
Leading. How fleeting time is!
At the beginning of our meeting, it was said how few participants in those events remained alive. Even those who were born after the war pass away one by one, taking with them so much untold information about those to whom they owe their lives, who shared their memories of the war with them from a fresh memory then. They will leave - and there will be no one to tell about it further, to the next generations.
That is why for you, young people, any information about those distant, stormy days is so important. You must carry the baton of memory further, through the years. And you should also remember that the front-line soldiers live among us. Maybe these are our neighbors in the house, down the street ... So let's make Victory Day a real holiday for them, a holiday of winners! They deserve it.
A moment of silence is announced. Includes metronome and stopwatch.
After a moment of silence, the song “Let's bow to those great years” sounds, music. A. Pakhmutova, sl. M. Lvova (1 verse).
Literature
1. Agashina, M. Favorites [Text] / M. Agashina. - M.: Fiction, 1986. - 286 p.
2. Battle for Stalingrad [Text] / comp. A. M. Borodin, Krasavin, Loginov, Morozov. - Volgograd: Lower Volga book. publishing house, 1972.-616 p.
3. Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945: Encyclopedia for schoolchildren [Text]. - M.: OLMA-Press, 2001. - 447 e.: ill.
4. Dementiev, V. D. Battle of Stalingrad [Text] / V. D. Dementiev. - M.: Military Publishing, 1972.
5. Zhukov, G.K. Memories. Reflections. Memoirs [Text] / G.K. Zhukov. - M., 1990.
6. Lyashenko, N. How Zhukov visited Kamyshin [Text] / N. Lyashenko // Dialogue. - 2000. - June 14.
7. Lyashenko, N. Rokossovsky's house on Krasnaya Street [Text] / N. Lyashenko // Dialogue. - 2002. - February 20.
8. Love and know your land. - Kamyshin, 1993.
9. Panov, V. Soldier [Text] / V Panov // Tuning fork. - 2003. - No. 14-15.
Event dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad
Target : promote a sense of love and pride in motherland, Motherland, great people;
expand students' ideas about the Great Victory near Stalingrad;
foster respect for the older generation;
to show the courage of Russian soldiers and the cruelty of war, to develop a sense of patriotism, to cultivate respect for the history of the country, the traditions of the school, and the fulfillment of civic duties.
Tasks aimed at achieving personal results:
fostering a sense of patriotism, pride in their homeland and for their native people;
the formation of a respectful attitude to a different opinion, a different point of view;
development of independence and personal responsibility for their actions, decisions made;
development of ethical feelings, goodwill and emotional and moral responsiveness,
Tasks aimed at achieving meta-subject results:
development of the ability to work with information;
development of the ability to use various ways search for information;
development of thinking operations: comparisons, comparisons, highlighting the superfluous, analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification. (Cognitive UUD);
formation initial forms cognitive and personal reflection. (Regulatory UUD)
formation of the ability to competently build speech statements in accordance with the tasks of communication and compose texts orally;
formation of the ability to listen and hear the interlocutor, conduct a dialogue, express one's point of view and argue it;
Equipment : multimedia computer; interactive board; photographs of military Stalingrad; war songs; presentation.
Decor: exhibition of books dedicated to the Second World War; musical screensavers; slide show on the topic; student wall newspapers and drawings.
Event progress:
Readers take the stage with the teacher
(with musical accompaniment "Holy War")
Teacher: Teacher's speech...
Lead 1. June. Summer. Saturday. People were doing their usual things: we played on the street, high school students returned from graduation parties. No one suspected that pleasant chores, fervent games, and many lives would be crossed out by one terrible word - war.
Lead 2. Thus began the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Stalingrad is the decisive battle of the entire Second World War, in which the Soviet troops won the biggest victory. This battle marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War and World War II in general. The victorious offensive of the Nazi troops ended and their expulsion from the territory of the Soviet Union began. On the eve of the war, Stalingrad was the largest industrial and cultural center of the country with a population of half a million. Under the conditions of the war, Stalingrad acquired exceptionally great strategic importance. Having captured Stalingrad, the Germans got access to the Caucasus, the Near and Middle East, and, therefore, to unlimited oil reserves. For the USSR, the loss of Stalingrad meant an inevitable collapse, since this would deprive the army and industry of the main sources of oil. Hitler planned to capture the city in 2 weeks, but the Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943)
Our people remember those 200 days and nights that seemed endless.
It was very clear to everyone that Stalingrad was The Last Frontier. And this limit cannot be passed.
Watching the video fragment "Battle of Stalingrad"(until 7:10 min.)
Presenter 1 . The battle of Stalingrad in terms of the duration and fierceness of the fighting, in terms of the number of people and military equipment participating, surpassed at that time all the battles of world history. It unfolded over a vast territory of 100,000 square kilometers. At certain stages, more than 2 million people, up to 2 thousand tanks, more than 2 thousand aircraft, up to 26 thousand guns participated in it on both sides. According to the results, this battle also surpassed all previous ones. Near Stalingrad, Soviet troops defeated five armies: two German, two Romanian and one Italian. The fascist German troops lost more than 800 thousand soldiers and officers, as well as a large number of military equipment, weapons and equipment, killed, wounded, captured.
We fell asleep thinking about you.
We turned on the loudspeaker at dawn,
To hear about your destiny.
You started our morning.
In the worries of the day dozens of times in a row,
Gritting your teeth, holding your breath
We affirmed:
- Take heart, Stalingrad! -
Your suffering went through our heart.
Through our blood flowed hot
The flow of your unimaginable fires.
We so wanted to be shoulder to shoulder
And take some of the blows on yourself!
The song "We are waiting for a deadly fire ..."
Lead 2. The victory of the Soviet troops at Stalingrad had a tremendous stimulating effect on the national liberation movements of the peoples of those countries that were occupied by the troops of Germany and its allies. In the February days of 1943, a great victory was won on the banks of the Volga, which marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the war. Since then, the word "Stalingrad" has entered all languages of the world and has become a universally recognized symbol of heroism, extraordinary fortitude and selfless love for one's Fatherland.
Student reciting a poem
In due time - not too late and not too early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze.
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
Come February 2nd.
And there, at that frosty one,
At that sacred height
You are on the wing of a white blizzard
Put down red flowers.
And as if for the first time you notice
What was it, their military way!
February - February, soldier's month -
Blizzard in the face, snow on the chest.
One hundred years will pass. And a hundred blizzards.
And we are indebted to them all.
February - February. Soldier month -
Carnations are burning in the snow.
Lead 1. The most difficult day for Stalingraders was August 23, 1942. At three o'clock in the afternoon, hundreds of enemy heavy bombers appeared over the central part of the city. In just two hours in the afternoon, enemy aircraft made about two thousand sorties. The Germans dropped either incendiary or heavy high-explosive bombs. Infernal hell. The smoke from the fires blotted out the midday sun. Terrible explosions shook the air. Residential buildings, quarters were burning, schools, hospitals, hospitals were collapsing like cards. Groans and cries of the wounded could be heard from everywhere. The city was reduced to ruins. More than 40 thousand civilians were killed. Not only buildings were burning, the land and the Volga were burning. The fires in the streets were so hot that the clothes on people who fled for shelter ignited. August 23, 1942 is the most mournful date in the history of Stalingrad. Fascist generals were ordered to wipe out the city on the Volga. The history of the war did not know such a fierce battle.
Pupils recite poems:
Reader 1. Open to the steppe wind
Houses are broken.
Sixty two kilometers
Stalingrad is spread out in length.
As if he were on the blue Volga
He turned around in a chain, accepted the fight.
Stood front across Russia -
And he covered it all.
Reader 2. In the heat of factories, houses, station,
Dust on a steep bank.
The voice of the Fatherland said to him:
- Do not hand over the city to the enemy!
And that order "Back - not a step!"
Severe military order.
He instilled courage in the hearts of people,
That the hour of Victory is not far off.
Lead 2. The soldiers of Stalingrad withstood such an onslaught of the enemy as no army in the world had ever experienced. Together with the soldiers, the city was defended by all its inhabitants. At the tractor factory, women assembled tanks, which were immediately sent off the assembly line to the battlefield.
The battles here were fierce, they fought for every street, for every house. The wounded were transported to the other side of the Volga in boats, boats, longboats. When they once asked the wounded who were brought in what was happening in the city, they replied: “Everything is on fire: houses, factories, land. The metal melts." “And the people?” - "People? They stand to death!
Pupils read an excerpt from the letters of German soldiers:
Reader 1. The Germans themselves spoke about the courage of our defenders. An extract from the diary of a Nazi killed near Stalingrad: “... We need to go to the Volga only one kilometer, but we can’t get through it in any way. We have been fighting for this kilometer longer than for the whole of France, but the Russians stand like stone blocks.
And here is an extract from the diary of Wilhelm Hoffmann:
“September 1: are the Russians really going to fight on the very banks of the Volga? This is madness!
October 27: Russians are not people, but some kind of iron creatures. They never get tired and are not afraid of fire...
Reader 2. From a letter from Paul Müller, p/n 22468, to his wife. December 31, 1942
"... We are going through a big crisis here, and it is not known how it will end. The situation, by and large, is so critical that, in my humble understanding, things are similar to what happened a year ago near Moscow."
Reader 3. From a letter from a soldier Reffert to his wife. December 29, 1942
"... Over many who did not even think about death last year, there is a wooden cross today. During this year, many people have lost their lives. In 1943 it will be even worse. If the situation does not change and the encirclement is not broken, then we will all die of starvation. There is no light ...
Reader 4. From a letter from non-commissioned officer Georg Krieger to his fiancee. 30.XI.1942
"... We are in a rather difficult position. The Russian, it turns out, also knows how to wage war, this was proved by the great chess move that he made in last days, and he did this with the forces not of a regiment or division, but much larger ... "
Reader 5. A huge contribution to the Victory on the Volga was made by the military art of the commander-in-chief of the 62nd Army, General V.I. Chuikov and the commander-in-chief of the 64th Army, General M.S. Shumilov, commander of the 13th Guards Division A.I. Rodimtsev, commander of the Southwestern Front N.F. Vatutin, commander of the Don Front K.K. Rokossovsky, Stalingradsky - A.I. Eremenko, Voronezhsky - General F.I. Golikov, Chief of the General Staff A.M. Vasilevsky, G.K. Zhukov, Marshal of the Soviet Union, who, on behalf of the Council of the Supreme High Command, coordinated the actions of the fronts in the Battle of Stalingrad.(Reading under the slides.)
The song "Let's Bow to Those Great Years" sounds
Lead 1. On November 23, the troops of the Stalingrad and Southwestern fronts united near the village of Sovetsky, 18 km from Kalach. A fascist group with a total number of 330 thousand people was surrounded.
Operation "Ring" -The Hitlerite command of a strike from outside sought to save the troops encircled near Stalingrad from defeat. The Army Group "Don" is hastily formed under the command of General Manstein. The operation to destroy the encircled group, which received the code name "Ring", was entirely entrusted to the Don Front. On January 27, the Don Front began to eliminate the enemy. Field Marshal Paulus was taken prisoner along with his staff. The enemy's southern grouping ceased resistance, while the northern group continued to resist until February 2. The Battle of Stalingrad ended with a brilliant victory for the Soviet troops. It marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
Student message...
Lead 2. Stalingrad forever entered the consciousness of mankind as a symbol of the unbending will, courage and bravery of Soviet soldiers. We, living today, and our descendants will bow our heads with gratitude to the memory of those who defended Stalingrad at the cost of their own lives, who proved love and devotion to the Motherland.
The eternal flame on the Square of the Fallen Fighters was lit on February 1, 1963, on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1967, a monument was unveiled on Mamaev Kurgan. The grandiose 52-meter sculpture "Motherland" according to the plan of the author-sculptor Vutetich, raises the sword of liberation in Stalingrad. There is also a mass grave in which the soldiers of 13 divisions who died in the battles for Stalingrad are buried.
Student reciting a poem
And widows do not weep at them,
Someone brings bouquets of flowers to them,
And the Eternal Flame is lit.
Here the earth used to rear up,
And now - granite slabs.
There is no personal fate here -
All destinies are merged into one.
And in the Eternal Flame, a flashed tank is visible,
Burning Russian huts,
Burning Smolensk and burning Reichstag,
The burning heart of a soldier.
There are no weeping widows at mass graves -
Stronger people go here.
Crosses are not placed on mass graves,
But does that make it any easier?
The first verse and the first refrain of the song “On Mamaev Hill ...”
Lead 1. Battle for Mamaev Kurganlasted 135 days out of all 200 daysBattle of Stalingrad. The slopes of the mound were riddled with bombs and mines - even on snowy days it remained black. The snow here instantly melted, mixing with the ground from artillery fire. The density of fire here was colossal: from 500 to 1250 bullets and shrapnel per square meter of land.At the end of the Battle of Stalingrad,Mamaev Kurgan buried the dead from all over the city. About 34.5 thousand people are buried here. At that time, this place became a real mound, i.e. burial place. It is not surprising that in the first post-war spring, Mamayev Kurgan did not even turn green - grass did not grow on the burnt earth.
Reader. Life! We praise her greatness.
To live is the blessing and happiness of human beings!
For him. For your happiness and mine
Heroes gave their lives...
Lead 2. Defenders of Stalingrad…”The iron wind hit them in the face, and they all went forward, and again a feeling of fear seized the enemy: people went on the attack, are they mortal? ..”
Yes, they were mere mortals, and few of them survived, but they all fulfilled their duty to the sacredMOTHER - HOMELAND.
Not to name all the heroes, but they are remembered. Houses, streets, squares are named after them. In memory of them, the Eternal Flame is lit.
Reader. I have never seen a war
And I can't imagine her horror
But the fact that our world wants silence
Today I understand very clearly.
Thank you that we didn't
Imagine and learn such agony.
All this was your share:
Anxiety, cold, hunger and separation.
Thank you for the sun's bright light,
For the joy of life in our every moment,
For the trills of the nightingale and for the dawn,
And beyond the fields of blooming daisies.
The song is performed, the slides "From the heroes of bygone times ..."
Teacher. At this event, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, is over. Thank you all for your attention!
MKUK "Library system" MO Yeysk district, librarian Okhrimenko Irina Ivanovna
Leading. There are such dates in the calendar that are forever inscribed in the heroic chronicle of the country. One of them - Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943.
A battle like no other in the history of wars. Today is a day of memory and sorrow, courage and heroism of the Russian people who won the Great Victory in the battle of Stalingrad.
Reader 1.
crossroads
At the noisiest intersection
at the entrance to the city of Stalingrad,
there are chestnuts and birches
and spruces are slender.
No matter how you look - you will not meet them
in the forests of the Volga side,
and they say these trees
brought from afar.
And it was like this: the war once
was on the Volga coast.
Three soldiers at the crossroads
sat side by side in the snow.
It was January. And the wind is biting
winded the snow into rings.
Burning fire at the crossroads -
warmed the hands of the soldiers.
What will be the battle - the soldiers knew.
And before the fight for half an hour
they probably remembered
their distant forests.
Then there was a battle ... And three soldiers
forever remained in the snow.
But the crossroads of Stalingrad
they did not give to the enemy.
And now at the crossroads
at the place of death of soldiers,
there are chestnuts and birches,
and spruces are slender.
They make noise with alien leaves,
washed by the rain in the morning,
and burn our memory
the fire of a soldier's fire.
(M. Agashina)
Clip of the song "Stalingrad" (A. Vilena)
Leading. The events of the Battle of Stalingrad recede further and further into history. But the events of those terrible years will never be erased from memory.
Reader 2
Stalingrad
Open to the steppe wind
Houses are broken.
Sixty two kilometers
Stalingrad is spread out in length.
As if he were on the blue Volga
He turned around in a chain, accepted the fight.
Stood front across Russia -
And he covered it all.
(S. Orlov)
Leading. The Battle of Stalingrad, the greatest in the history of the Second World War, began on July 17, 1942.
None of the world's battles can be compared with it in scale, fierceness and its significance. It unfolded over a vast territory of 100 thousand square kilometers, lasted 200 days and nights (6.5 months). On both sides, over 2 million people, up to 2 thousand tanks, more than 2 thousand aircraft, up to 26 thousand guns took part in it.
Ninety-eight percent of the buildings in the city were burned and destroyed.
Hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers showed unparalleled heroism. "There is nowhere to retreat, there is no land for us beyond the Volga." On the wall of one of the destroyed houses, there is an inscription: “Yes, we were mere mortals, and few of us survived, but we all fulfilled our patriotic duty to the end before the sacred Motherland.”
Reader 3.
Defender of Stalingrad
In the heat of factories, houses, station.
Dust on a steep bank.
The voice of the Fatherland said to him:
“Don’t hand over the city to the enemy!”
Faithful to the oath Russian soldier,
He defended Stalingrad.
Rumbled in the bloody mist
Hundredth attack shaft,
Angry and stubborn, chest-deep in the ground,
The soldier stood to death.
He knew that there was no way back -
He defended Stalingrad.
One hundred dive bombers howled over him
In the sky, like a fiery serpent,
He did not leave the trenches, we keep
By his Russian fidelity.
Between the burnt black masses
He defended Stalingrad.
The tank was advancing on him, growling.
Threatened with pain and death.
He, hiding in a ditch, weaving
Tanks were smashed with a grenade.
Bullet for bullet. A shell is for a shell.
He defended Stalingrad.
Death rushed towards him.
Darkness lashed the steel.
Artilleryman, infantryman, sapper -
He didn't go crazy.
What is the flame of a hyena to him, hell? ..
He defended Stalingrad.
Just a soldier, lieutenant, general -
He grew up in the battlefield.
Where metal dies in fire
He passed alive.
One hundred exhausting days in a row
He defended Stalingrad.
The war thunder will be silent.
Taking off his hat when meeting him,
The people will say about him:
- This is an iron Russian soldier,
He defended Stalingrad.
A. Surkov)
Leading. Near Stalingrad, Soviet troops defeated five armies: two German, two Romanian and one Italian.
The fascist troops lost more than 800 thousand soldiers and officers, as well as a large number of military equipment, weapons and equipment, killed, wounded, captured. Only in the battles for the "Pavlov's House" (58 days) did the Nazi troops suffer significantly more losses than during the capture of some European capitals!
During the fighting from January 10 to February 2, 1943, Soviet troops defeated 22 fascist divisions, captured 91 thousand soldiers and officers, including 24 generals led by Field Marshal Paulus.
For military exploits in the Battle of Stalingrad, 125 Soviet soldiers became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Stalingrad was awarded the title of Hero City.
Video "Stalingrad. Unparalleled feat"
Leading. The victory at Stalingrad was the biggest event of World War II. It marked the beginning of a turning point in the course of hostilities. This is where our victory began.
Reader 4
Stalingrad silence
Last salvo. And after sleepless days
we waited for an unprecedented dream.
And finally with the third tier
there was complete silence.
She lies, unheard of big,
on shells and on broken bricks,
deafening with such a heartbeat,
that you fall asleep on the move, rashly.
And a Stalingrader that night for the first time
took off his boots and unbuckled his belts.
Not all the dead were buried alive,
but fires blazed in the hearths.
And let the Junkers circle over us,
Frightened looking at the flag.
We sleep without shoes. Pood pieces
reddish limestone stuck to them.
- ... And you have green eyes,
the same as my sweetheart, -
a friend said to me thoughtfully.
Spreading our arms, we both fell asleep.
(Semyon Gudzenko)
Leading. The land of Stalingrad... Charred by conflagrations, carved with metal, abundantly watered with blood. It seemed that no one would resurrect her. Up to 1250 fragments of mines, shells, and grenades were collected from each square meter of Mamaev Kurgan land. They covered the ground so thickly that even grass did not grow on the mound for several years.
There are almost no ominous traces of the war left on the revived land, but it lives in the destinies of people, it looks at us with gun barrels in museums, long lists of surnames on mass graves, mournful eyes of mothers.
Reader 5.
February second
In due time -
not too late and not too early
winter will come
the earth freezes.
And you
to Mamaev Kurgan
come
the second of February.
And there,
at that frosty one,
at that sacred height,
you are on the roof
white blizzard
put red flowers.
And like for the first time
notice
what was he like,
their military path!
February, February
soldier's month
blizzard in the face
chest-deep snow.
One hundred winters will pass.
And a hundred blizzards.
And we are in front of them
everything is in debt.
February, February.
Soldier month.
Are burning
carnations
on snow.
(M. Agashina)
Don't forget those terrible years
When the Volga water boiled.
The earth was drowning in the fury of fire,
And there was neither night nor day.
We fought on the banks of the Volga,
Enemies' divisions went to the Volga,
But our great soldier survived,
But the immortal Stalingrad survived!
Let's bow to those great years,
To those glorious commanders and fighters,
And the marshals of the country, and the privates,
Let's worship both the dead and the living,
To all those who must not be forgotten,
Let's bow, bow, friends.
With the whole world, with all the people, with the whole earth -
Bow down for that great fight.
We remember, we are grateful to the people who gave their lives for a clear sky above their heads,
we are grateful to all those who gave us peace on earth at the cost of their lives.
QUIZ "BATTLE OF STALINGRAD"
1. What is the date of the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad. (07/17/1942)
2. When did the Battle of Stalingrad end? (02.02.1943)
3. Name the most terrible day for the city, when fascist bombers made more than 2 thousand sorties. (08/23/42)
4. How many days did the Battle of Stalingrad last? (200 days.)
5. How long did Hitler want to take over the city? (In 2 weeks.)
6. What regiments defended Stalingrad in the Mamaev Kurgan area? (Tarashchansky, Bogunsky.)
7. Where is the place that the defenders of Stalingrad called the "main height"? (Mamaev kurgan.)
8. What is the height of Mamaev Kurgan. (102 meters.)
9. What feat did Panikaha accomplish? (06.09.1942 Mikhail Panikakha, being engulfed in fire, stopped an enemy tank.)
10. What is Pavlov's House known for? (On October 10, 1942, this house was captured and defended by Guards Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov, together with a group of machine gunners, repelling 40 enemy counterattacks.)
11. When did the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad begin? (19. 11. 1942)
12. Who was the commander in chief of the German army? (Colonel-General Paulus; January 31, 1943 mass surrender.)
13. What streets in our district are named after the defenders of Stalingrad?
14. Name the largest monuments to the defenders of Stalingrad in our city. (Mamaev Kurgan, Museum-panorama "Battle of Stalingrad".)
15. What building has remained unrestored since the Battle of Stalingrad? What is it for? (The building of the mill - in memory of the feat of the defenders of Stalingrad.)
16. Significance of the Battle of Stalingrad. (A radical turning point in the war.)
17. What was the city awarded for this battle? (Order of Lenin, Gold Star of the Hero.)>
Loading...
