How a multinational culture is formed, what is the role. How a multinational culture is formed
The concept of a multinational state
Definition 1
A multinational state is a state, which includes various nationalities and nations, historically formed on its territory.
A multinational state must be distinguished from a multiethnic state, which is characterized by the presence of many ethnic groupings within the boundaries of one nation. For example, the United States does not seem to be a multinational state, because it has formed a single American nation, consisting of many ethnic groups.
Multinational states developed in different ways. In one of the cases, this happened where the unification of peoples in single state occurred before they began to form national identity, and there has not yet been a movement of nations for political independence.
Often this happened through conquest. This happened, for example, in Eastern Europe and in many Asian regions. In Africa, multinational states were formed most often in the process of colonial expansion. It is necessary to include Indonesia, India, Nigeria, Russia, Vietnam, Iran, China and many others among the typical multinational states, in other words, over half of the world's population lives in multinational states.
Existing multinational states can be divided into two varieties:
- states dominated by the number of one nation;
- states in which no nation dominates the others.
Remark 1
Most of the multinational states are classified as those where the dominant of one nation is manifested. Usually they are the most durable, stable in interethnic relations, there are practically no interethnic clashes in them.
According to the forms of territorial state structure multinational states are both federal and unitary. Traditionally, in a multinational state, multinationality is taken into account in the arrangement of state authorities, in ethno-linguistic policy, in social and cultural life, etc.
The Russian Federation is a multinational state
The Russian Federation appears to be a multinational state in which over 140 peoples live. The most numerous nation is Russian, its number is approximately eighty percent of the total population of the state.
Characteristic of multinational Russia is the dispersed settlement of ethnic groups, especially in the republics of the Russian Federation. Along with this, the overwhelming majority of regions are characterized by the predominance of the Russian population.
Multinationality is not a defining feature that characterizes the type of state, its social nature. But along with the political, economic, spiritual characteristics, the sign of multinationality leaves a certain imprint on the historical destinies of the state and its functioning. Traditionally, multinationality is presented as an additional factor that complicates life within a multinational state.
Remark 2
With the right national policy, a democratic multinational state can ensure normal mutual relations between peoples, and multinationality itself does not violate the stability and stability of the state.
Features of multinational states
A multinational state includes more than one ethnic grouping, in contrast to ethnically homogeneous societies. In fact, almost all modern national communities appear to be multinational.
David Wilsh, in Domestic Politics and Ethnic Conflicts, published in 1993 at Princeton University, noted that less than twenty out of one hundred and eighty independent states can be called ethnically and nationally homogeneous, but they can be called such only if national minorities in account for less than five percent of total strength population.
IN Russian Federation according to the educational standard for secondary or complete general education(profile level of the subject "geography"), the term "multinational" refers to such states within whose borders several groups of ethnic groups live simultaneously, and all multinational states are divided into states:
- with a pronounced, sharp predominance of any one nation in the presence of more or less significant national minorities, we are talking about France, Great Britain, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, the USA, Australia;
- binational, we are talking about Belgium, Canada;
- with the most complex, but ethnically homogeneous composition of nationalities, we are talking about Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos;
- with a diverse and ethnically complex national composition, we are talking here about India, Switzerland, Indonesia, Russia.
The advantages of multinational states are traditionally considered the flourishing of ethnic and cultural phenomena, the friendship of peoples, the ability of nations to implement large-scale projects and survive together in difficult conditions.
The disadvantages include intolerance, when some nations are intolerant of other nations.
Explain how a multinational culture develops. What is the role of Russian culture in the history of Russia?
Answer
In order to visualize how the multinational culture of Russia is developing, let's give an example.
The poet Rasul Gamzatov, an Avar by nationality, lived in a small mountain village of Dagestan.
Let's read a few lines from his poem "Cranes":
Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
From the bloody fields that did not come,
Not in our land once perished,
And they turned into white cranes.
They are still from the time of those distant
They fly and give us votes.
Isn't that why so often and sadly
Are we silent, looking at the sky?
These verses are written in Avar. And you could read them, because the Russian poet Nikolai Grebnev translated them. The poems were then set to music. This was done by the composer Yan Frenkel, a Jew by nationality.
And the song became beloved and famous throughout the country, became a part of our common culture.
The role of Russian culture in the history of Russia is perhaps the most determining factor. After all, it was the presence of this very culture that gave Russia its identity and in many respects distinguishes it from all other cultures.
The fact that Russian culture at different times was able to endure any oppression and yet remained among the people suggests that its presence was extremely important.
It had an important value, allowed the people to feel truly great. Also, thanks to this culture, a traditional way of life has been established in Russia, which, in part, remains to this day.
How is a multinational culture formed? and got the best answer
Answer from User deleted[guru]
From a philosophical point of view, the national culture of each nation is not born from scratch, there is always a predecessor. This can be seen well on the example of Western Ukraine. This small piece of Ukrainian land has always been under someone's yoke. Now the Austro-Hungarians, then the Poles, then the Germans, then the Soviets. From everyone
conqueror, something was taken into the culture of the Ukrainians, but they retained their language, their traditions. And although Polish words sometimes come across in colloquial speech, this is natural, because 70 years ago, my dad went to a Polish school there. Ukrainian simply did not exist at that time. But Ukrainian language he knew, spoke it and speaks it. It is a completely different matter when Eastern Ukraine, for 50 years Soviet power, forgot not only traditions, but also the Ukrainian language. The language disappears, the nation disappears. This is how a multinational culture is formed, when the goal is to destroy all nations in favor of one.
Answer from Huopotossu Mononen[guru]
When many nations unite into one large, but confusing nation filled with contradictions.
Answer from Vasily Mikhailov[guru]
Just like flowers in a field.
Answer from Yoasha Skvortsov[newbie]
Answer. The Russian people at one time gathered around Moscow the lands that today make up Russia. At the beginning, the Moscow principality subjugated several neighboring ones, then it became the head of the entire North-Western Rus', and then the Russian state began to include a wide variety of neighboring peoples, it expanded especially quickly to the East.
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: How does a multinational culture develop?
How is a multinational culture formed? Much attention is paid to a detailed study of this issue in the lessons of social science in high school. This topic will also be included in the exam. This article will give an example of a short answer about a multinational culture (how it develops and according to what principles it develops).
People and nationality
First of all, it is worth distinguishing between these two concepts. Nationality refers to the ethnic group to which a person belongs. This is usually determined by the female line. That is, the nationality of the mother is attributed to the child. By people or nation is meant more broad concept- this is the population of the state, in all its diversity.
Different types of countries
Ethnographers (scientists who study different nationalities, as well as their traditions and customs) speak of the existence of two types of states. The first of them can be attributed to those in which people mostly of the same nationality live. Of course, in such countries there are also representatives of other ethnic groups, but their numbers, in comparison with the state-forming nationality, are extremely small. Such countries include, for example, Germany.
The second variety usually includes territories where, along with the main nationality, there are numerous other peoples. One such country is China, for example. They also include Russia.
How is a multinational culture formed?
It is known that about 200 different peoples live in our country: from many millions to those that consist of several thousand or even hundreds of people. The reason for such a number of diverse nationalities was the historical events that influenced the formation of the Russian state, and some subsequent processes. The most significant of them will be discussed in the following chapters of this article.
Formation of the Russian state
Answering the exam question “How is the multinational culture of the Russian Federation developing?”, First of all, it must be said that even before the emergence of a single Russian state, in ancient times numerous tribes lived on the territory of our homeland, most of which belonged to the Slavic group.
All these communities of people had their own unique culture.
What is culture?
This word can be considered in a broad and narrow sense. In the first case, it refers to everything that was created by man. In a narrow sense, culture is works of aesthetic value. It includes various arts, achievements of science, language and so on.
When they talk about what makes up a multinational culture, then, as a rule, they mean the second meaning of this term.
At present, representatives of various ethnic groups have absorbed the national culture, as well as the world one. Therefore, today it is difficult to determine at first glance which people this or that person belongs to.
They are greeted by clothes ...
In ancient times, it was customary to wear national clothes. This tradition also existed in the territory Ancient Rus'. Representatives of different tribes distinguished each other by the ornament on their clothes. The patterns spoke about the most important values that exist among the people: about beliefs, traditions, and so on. It was also easy to learn from the drawing about marital status each particular individual, social status.
All this was necessary so that when meeting with a stranger, you could immediately understand how to communicate with him. Consequently, our distant ancestors already in ancient times had ideas about the value of such concepts as culture. That is, they understood the need to study not only their own customs and traditions, but also the customs and traditions characteristic of neighboring peoples. At the dawn of their history, people were distinguished by great respect for the art of other nationalities.
Wise ruler
Answering the question on the topic “How is the multinational culture of Russia developing?” in the 6th grade, as an example of the interaction of people of different nationalities, one can cite such historical fact.
The famous Mongol commander and ruler Genghis Khan never destroyed the monuments of art of other peoples. There are cases when he even celebrated the holidays adopted in the conquered countries. Thus, he established not only political, but also cultural connections between states.
Moscow Rus
Our state as a single entity began to take shape under Yuri Dolgoruky. This was due to the strengthening of the influence of the Moscow principality. However, around this territory there were lands inhabited not only by Russians, but also by other peoples who originally lived here. All of them also became citizens of the unified northwestern Russian state.
The cultures of all these peoples over the centuries-old history of cohabitation influenced each other, mutually enriching themselves. These processes intensified as the borders of our country expanded. The interpenetration of cultures can be traced even in clothing. So, for example, Caucasian cloaks and papakha hats were present in the dress of the Don Cossacks. And their Kuban counterparts had wide-spread harem pants, taking their name from the Turkic word "shalvars". This piece of clothing was borrowed from neighboring peoples.
What does the Russian language say?
One of the means of uniting peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation is a single national language - Russian. It is spoken by over 97% of the population. This enables people of different nationalities to communicate with each other. With such interaction, the cultures of peoples also enrich each other. The main state religion of the Russian Federation is Orthodoxy.
The adherents of this faith include the majority of people living in Russia. Therefore, all the peoples that make up one Russian nation, one way or another, have an idea about the values \u200b\u200bthat exist in Orthodoxy. This can be proved by the fact that many native Russian words arose precisely under the influence of religious culture.
So, when people thank each other, they say "Thank you", which means "God save you!". The concept of salvation is one of the main ones in Orthodox teaching. And since the Russian language is spoken by various peoples, many of which belong to other religious concessions, then all of them in one way or another have an idea about the peculiarities of Russian traditions.
Speaking about how the multinational culture of our country is taking shape, it should be mentioned that the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the 1920s made a significant contribution to its development. Then the state included many neighboring countries, each of which had its own unique story as well as traditions. Most of these peoples by that time did not yet have their own national alphabet. Therefore, they began to use the Cyrillic alphabet, adopted in Russian-language literature. Institutes for the study of national art were created in each of the new republics. Much of what takes place within the framework of the topic “How is a multinational culture developing?” in social studies were obtained in the course of their work.
Ancient oral traditions were recorded and then included in literary collections, published and translated into Russian and other languages of the peoples of the USSR. Therefore, today the inhabitants of the Russian Federation rank among the works of their national culture not only native Russian works, but also elements of the cultures of those peoples who were part of the Soviet Union.
For example, the music written by the Armenian composer Aram Ilyich Khachaturian undoubtedly belongs not only to Armenian culture, but also to Russian, since this composer created while living in the USSR, and his operas and ballets were staged in many cities of the country. This example can be given when answering a lesson on the topic "How a multinational culture develops." And briefly retelling the material of this article, you can successfully pass the exam if you get the appropriate ticket. It remains to add only that the process of formation of a multinational culture does not stop to this day.
For example, the brass band of the Republic of Tyva uses in its musical compositions both throat singing - the art of the northern peoples, and Russian melodies, as well as jazz and rock.