Multinational state. How a multinational culture develops, social studies How a multinational culture develops, social studies
How does a multinational culture develop? and got the best answer
Reply from User deleted[guru]
From a philosophical point of view, the national culture of every nation is not born out of nowhere; there is always a predecessor. This can be clearly seen using the example of Western Ukraine. This small piece of Ukrainian land has always been under someone’s yoke. Now the Austro-Hungarians, now the Poles, now the Germans, now the Soviets. From everyone
conqueror, something was taken into the culture of the Ukrainians, but they retained their language, their traditions. And even though Polish words sometimes appear in spoken language, this is natural, because 70 years ago, my dad went to a Polish school there. Ukrainian simply did not exist at that time. But Ukrainian language he knew, spoke it and speaks it. It’s a completely different matter when Eastern Ukraine, for 50 years Soviet power, forgot not only traditions, but also the Ukrainian language. When a language disappears, a nation disappears. This is how a multinational culture develops when the goal is the destruction of all nations in favor of one.
Answer from Huopotossu Mononen[guru]
When many nations unite into one large but confused nation filled with contradictions.
Answer from Vasily Mikhailov[guru]
Just like flowers in a field.
Answer from Yoasha Skvortsov[newbie]
Answer. The Russian people at one time gathered around Moscow the lands that today make up Russia. At the beginning, the Moscow principality subjugated several surrounding peoples, then it became the head of all North-Western Rus', and then the Russian state began to include a variety of surrounding peoples, especially quickly expanding to the East.
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: How does a multinational culture develop?
Explain how a multinational culture develops. What is the role of Russian culture in the history of Russia?
Answer
To visualize how the multinational culture of Russia is shaping up, let’s give an example.
The poet Rasul Gamzatov, an Avar by nationality, lived in a small mountain village in Dagestan.
Let's read a few lines from his poem “Cranes”:
Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
Those who did not come from the bloody fields,
They once did not die in our land,
And they turned into white cranes.
They are still from those distant times
They fly and give us voices.
Isn’t that why it’s so often and sad
Do we fall silent while looking at the heavens?
These poems are written in Avar language. And you were able to read them because the Russian poet Nikolai Grebnev translated them. Then the poems were set to music. This was done by composer Jan Frenkel, a Jew by nationality.
And the song became beloved and famous throughout the country, becoming a part of our common culture.
The role of Russian culture in the history of Russia is perhaps the most determining factor. After all, it was the presence of this very culture that gave Russia its originality and in many ways distinguishes it from all other cultures.
The fact that Russian culture at different times was able to endure any oppression and yet remained among the people suggests that its presence was extremely important.
It had important value and allowed the people to feel truly great. Also, thanks to this culture, a traditional way of life has become established in Russia, which, partially, remains to this day.
The concept of a multinational state
Definition 1
A multinational state is a state that includes various nationalities and nations that have historically formed on its territory.
A multinational state must be distinguished from a multiethnic state, which is characterized by the presence of many ethnic groups within the borders of one nation. For example, the United States does not seem to be a multinational state, because it has formed a single American nation, consisting of many ethnic groups.
Multinational states emerged in different ways. In one of the cases this happened where the unification of peoples in single state occurred before they began to form national identity, and there has not yet emerged a movement of nations for political independence.
This often happened through conquest. This happened, for example, in Eastern Europe and many Asian regions. In Africa, multinational states were formed most often in the process of colonial expansion. Typical multinational states include Indonesia, India, Nigeria, Russia, Vietnam, Iran, China and many others, in other words, more than half of the world's population lives in multinational states.
Existing multinational states can be divided into two types:
- states dominated by one nation;
- states in which no nation dominates the others.
Note 1
Most multinational states are classified as those where the dominance of one nation is manifested. Usually they are the most durable, stable in interethnic relations, there are practically no inter-ethnic clashes.
According to the forms of territorial government structure Multinational states are either federal or unitary. Traditionally, in a multinational state, multinationality is taken into account in the structure of government bodies, in ethno-linguistic policy, in social and cultural life, etc.
The Russian Federation is a multinational state
Russian Federation appears to be a multinational state inhabited by over 140 peoples. The most numerous nation is the Russian, its number is approximately eighty percent of the total population of the state.
Characteristic of multinational Russia is the dispersed settlement of ethnic groups, especially in the republics of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the vast majority of regions are characterized by the predominance of the Russian population.
Multinationality is not a defining feature that characterizes the type of state or its social nature. But along with political, economic, and spiritual characteristics, the sign of multinationality leaves a certain imprint on the historical fate of the state and its functioning. Traditionally, multinationality seems to be an additional factor that complicates life within a multinational state.
Note 2
With the right national policy, a democratic multinational state can ensure normal mutual relations between peoples, and multinationality itself does not violate the stability and sustainability of the state.
Features of multinational states
A multinational state includes more than one ethnic group, in contrast to ethnically homogeneous societies. In fact, almost all modern national communities appear to be multinational.
David Wilsch, in Domestic Politics and Ethnic Conflict, published in 1993 at Princeton University, noted that fewer than twenty of the one hundred and eighty independent states can be called ethnically and nationally homogeneous, but they can only be called so if the national minorities in they will be less than five percent of total number population.
In the Russian Federation, according to the educational standard for secondary or complete general education(profile level of the subject “geography”), the term “multinational” means those states within whose borders several groups of ethnic groups live simultaneously, and all multinational states are divided into states:
- with a pronounced, sharp predominance of any one nation in the presence of more or less significant national minorities, we are talking about France, Great Britain, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, USA, Australia;
- binational, we are talking about Belgium, Canada;
- with a very complex but ethnically homogeneous composition of nationalities, we are talking about Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos;
- with a diverse and ethnically complex national composition, we are talking about India, Switzerland, Indonesia, Russia.
The advantages of multinational states are traditionally considered to be the flourishing of ethnic and cultural phenomena, the friendship of peoples, the ability of nations to carry out large-scale projects and survive together in difficult conditions.
The disadvantages are not tolerance, when some nations are intolerant of other nations.
How does a multinational culture develop? A detailed study of this issue is given much attention in social studies lessons in high school. This topic is also included in the exam. This article will give an example of a short answer about multinational culture (how it develops and according to what principles it develops).
People and nationality
First of all, it is worth distinguishing between these two concepts. Nationality refers to the ethnic group to which a person belongs. This is usually determined through the female line. That is, the nationality of the mother is also attributed to the child. By people or nation we mean more broad concept- this is the population of the state, in all its diversity.
Different types of countries
Ethnographers (scientists who study various nationalities, as well as their traditions and customs) talk about the existence of two types of states. The first of them includes those in which people live mainly of the same nationality. Of course, in such countries there are also representatives of other ethnic groups, but their number, compared to the state-forming nationality, is extremely small. Such countries include, for example, Germany.
The second type usually includes territories where, along with the main nationality, there are numerous other peoples. Such states include, for example, China. Russia is also included among them.
How does a multinational culture develop?
It is known that about 200 different peoples live in our country: from multi-million people to those consisting of several thousand or even hundreds of people. The reason for such a number of diverse nationalities were historical events that influenced the formation Russian state, and some subsequent processes. The most significant of them will be discussed in the following chapters of this article.
Formation of the Russian state
Answering the exam question “How is the multinational culture of the Russian Federation taking shape?”, we must first of all say that even before the emergence of a unified Russian state, in ancient times numerous tribes lived on the territory of our homeland, most of which belonged to the Slavic group.
All these communities of people had their own unique culture.
What is culture?
This word can be considered in a broad and narrow sense. In the first case, it means everything that was created by man. In a narrow sense, culture is works that have aesthetic value. It includes various arts, scientific achievements, language, and so on.
When they talk about what makes up a multinational culture, they usually mean the second meaning of this term.
Currently, representatives of various ethnic groups have absorbed the national culture, as well as the world one. Therefore, today it can be difficult to determine at first glance which nation a particular person belongs to.
They greet you by their clothes...
In ancient times, it was customary to wear national clothes. This tradition existed in the territory Ancient Rus'. Representatives of different tribes distinguished each other by the patterns on their clothes. The patterns spoke about the most important values that exist among the people: beliefs, traditions, and so on. Also, from the picture one could easily find out about marital status each specific individual, his social status.
All this was necessary so that when meeting a stranger you could immediately understand how to communicate with him. Consequently, our distant ancestors already in ancient times had ideas about the value of such concepts as culture. That is, they understood the need to study not only their own customs and traditions, but also the customs and traditions characteristic of neighboring peoples. At the dawn of their history, people had great respect for the art of other nationalities.
Wise ruler
Answering the question on the topic “How is the multinational culture of Russia developing?” in 6th grade, you can give the following as an example of interaction between people of different nationalities historical fact.
The famous Mongolian commander and ruler Genghis Khan never destroyed art monuments of other peoples. There are cases when he even celebrated holidays customary in the conquered countries. Thus, he established not only political, but also cultural connections between states.
Moscow Rus'
Our state as a single entity began to take shape under Yuri Dolgoruky. This was due to the strengthening of the influence of the Moscow Principality. However, around this territory there were lands inhabited not only by Russians, but also by other peoples who had originally lived here. All of them also became citizens of a single northwestern Russian state.
Over the centuries-long history of living together, the cultures of all these peoples influenced each other, mutually enriching them. These processes intensified as the borders of our country expanded. The interpenetration of cultures can even be traced through clothing. For example, the outfit of the Don Cossacks included Caucasian burkas and papakha hats. And among their Kuban counterparts, trousers were widespread, taking their name from the Turkic word “shalvars”. This item of clothing was borrowed from neighboring peoples.
What does the Russian language talk about?
One of the means of uniting the peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation is a single national language - Russian. It is spoken by more than 97% of the population. This allows people of different nationalities to communicate with each other. With such interaction, the cultures of peoples also enrich each other. The main state religion of the Russian Federation is Orthodoxy.
The majority of people living in Russia are adherents of this faith. Therefore, all the nationalities that make up one Russian nation, one way or another, have an idea of the values that exist in Orthodoxy. This can be proven by the fact that many native Russian words arose precisely under the influence of religious culture.
So, when people thank each other, they say “Thank you,” which means “God bless you!” The concept of salvation is one of the main ones in Orthodox teaching. And since Russian is spoken by various peoples, many of whom belong to other religious concessions, they all, in one way or another, have an idea of the peculiarities of Russian traditions.
Speaking about how the multinational culture of our country is taking shape, it is necessary to mention that the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the 1920s made a significant contribution to its development. Then the state included many neighboring countries, each of which had its own unique story, as well as traditions. Most of these peoples by that time did not yet have their own national alphabet. Therefore, they began to use the Cyrillic alphabet adopted in Russian-language literature. In each of the new republics, institutes for the study of national art were created. Much of what is covered under the topic “How does a multinational culture develop?” in social studies were obtained in the process of their work.
Ancient oral traditions were recorded and then included in literary collections, published and translated into Russian and other languages of the peoples of the USSR. Therefore, today residents of the Russian Federation consider not only native Russian works, but also elements of the cultures of those peoples that were part of the Soviet Union, to be among the works of their national culture.
For example, the music written by the Armenian composer Aram Ilyich Khachaturian undoubtedly belongs not only to Armenian culture, but also to Russian culture, since this composer worked while living in the USSR, and his operas and ballets were staged in many cities of the country. This example can be given when answering a lesson on the topic “How does a multinational culture develop?” And by briefly retelling the material in this article, you can successfully pass the exam if you come across the appropriate ticket. All that remains to be added is that the process of formation of a multinational culture does not stop to this day.
For example, the brass band of the Republic of Tyva uses in its musical compositions both throat singing - the art of the northern peoples, and Russian melodies, as well as jazz and rock.
Explain how a multinational culture develops. what is the role of Russian culture in the history of Russia
Multinational culture is a culture that combines various elements of traditions, customs, religions, etc. of many nations. The process of its creation is historical. Living on the same territory, peoples were intertwined both in blood and spirit, adopting each other’s customs and foundations, people formed a single culture that satisfied the needs of all nations within it.
In the history of Russia, mentality (which is an element of culture) played a huge role; it is because of it that we cannot live and develop in the style of Western and European societies. After the abolition of serfdom, people leaving to work in the city Better conditions, still remained registered in the village. Because of family ties. Due to the preservation of Russian culture, Alexander Nevsky at one time refused the help of the Pope, etc.
Multinational culture is a culture that combines various elements of traditions, customs, religions, etc. of many nations. The process of its creation is historical. Living on the same territory, peoples were intertwined both in blood and spirit, adopting each other’s customs and foundations, people formed a single culture that satisfied the needs of all nations within it. In the history of Russia, mentality (which is an element of culture) played a huge role; it is because of it that we cannot live and develop in the style of Western and European societies. After the abolition of serfdom, people leaving to work in the city, in better conditions, still remained registered in the village. Because of family ties. Due to the preservation of Russian culture, Alexander Nevsky at one time refused the help of the Pope, etc.
1/ Why do we say that different nationalities make up one people? What is it called?2/The Russian language is called the language of interethnic communication. How do you understand this?
3. Why is the culture of our country called multinational?
4. Explain how a multinational culture develops. What is the role of Russian culture in the history of Russia?
5. What is nationality? Who should determine it? By what signs?
1. Because peoples are connected by history and the same fate. They are called international people.
2. This means that Russian is the common language between the countries.
3. Because the country is inhabited by many nationalities.
4. Some ethnic group joins and adopts customs, and that’s exactly what happens. It has little significance, but is used everywhere.
5. This is a special ethnic group that is not similar to others.
Analyze the preamble to the Federal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” (Text 1), as well as the attitude to the law presented in the “Fundamentals social concept Russian Orthodox Church"(text 2), and draw the necessary conclusions.
1) " Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, confirming the right of everyone to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, as well as equality before the law, regardless of attitude to religion and beliefs, based on the fact that the Russian Federation is a secular state, recognizing the special role of Orthodoxy in the history of Russia, in the formation of its spirituality and culture, respecting Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and other religions that form an integral part historical heritage of the peoples of Russia, considering it important to promote the achievement of mutual understanding, tolerance and respect in matters of freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, adopts this Federal Law.”
2) “The law contains a certain minimum of moral norms that are mandatory for all members of society. The task of secular law is not to turn the world lying in evil into the Kingdom of God, but to prevent it from turning into hell.”
1) Our state is secular. Naturally there is a need to fix this understanding in specific regulatory documents - including the above-mentioned Federal Law. At the same time, our state does not blindly follow the path of blind admiration for the category of human rights. The preamble of the law very clearly and delicately speaks of respect for all world religions of the world. And the role of Orthodoxy as a state forming a religion in its time is emphasized. The law especially emphasizes the role of tolerance and mutual respect. I am sure that such formulations, especially in such multinational State, like Russia, will stop the possibility of developing situations like pogroms in France after the publication of cartoons with religious content. Have the right to freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, but do not forget about the rights of other members of society. 2) From here we move on to the second topic. To the category of law from the point of view of religion. Society once agreed that it was necessary to comply with a system of rules called law. There are several types of rights systems in operation in the world at the moment - Byzantine, English, Sharia. .. However, the legal system from the point of view of spirituality is nothing more than an attempt to force a person to use prosthetics instead of hands - in our case, conscience and education. However, using them is better than dying of hunger, for example. By designating the State as secular, we, to some extent, relegate the spiritual component to the background. Hence the position of the church: secular laws are not perfect, but necessary. ..
1. Tell us about a person of non-Russian nationality who contributed to the development of Russian culture - science or art
In the middle of the 9th century, the northern Slavs were raided by the troops of the Varangian jarls. Only by uniting were we able to defeat the enemies and expel them from native land. Then the Slavs had a question about choosing a ruler over all the tribes. The disputes went on for a long time, but were not resolved. Everyone understood that any Slavic leader would do everything for “his own” and oppress other tribes.
We decided to call the ruler from the outside. This is normal action. Those who, because of this, accuse the Slavs of being unable to govern are mistaken. For example, Great Britain is ruled by the descendants of the German Hanoverian dynasty. Spain is ruled by the descendants of the French Bourbons. China and India were ruled for a long time by the descendants of the Mongols. By the way, the bodyguards of the Chinese emperor in the 14th century were Russian heroes...
We see that inviting foreigners to rule is accepted all over the world. The Slavs did not stand out. Of course, they called “not just anyone.” First we did some reconnaissance. The scan showed that the smart prince is Rurik. He lived on the shore Baltic Sea, but was of Slavic origin (according to one scientific version). In 862 he arrived with an army and his brothers Truvor and Sineus. This debate has been going on for over 200 years!
Some scholars believed that the chronicler had translated the words incorrectly. That Rurik arrived only with an army and relatives, and not with his brothers. Let them argue. The main thing for us now is that Rurik did not dare to rule in Novgorod. He first settled in the city of Ladoga. Apparently, the Slavs wanted to use him as a military ruler, not allowing him into other spheres of government. But Rurik and his army had a different opinion...
DOCUMENT
So I only answered three questions, the last one I don’t know.
1) Globalization removes the opposition of civilizations or formations according to the principle: higher and lower, advanced and backward. The originality and uniqueness of the civilization that has developed in our country.
2) Moral values, perception of the world around us and a person’s place in it.
3) I think that moral values, perception of the surrounding world, etc. can be achieved. Without these approaches, the country’s economy will not develop.
DOCUMENT
Reflections on the features of the Russian school of economic thought by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences L. I. Abalkin (from a report at scientific conference Institute of Economics RAS and Volny economic society Russia).Globalization, which has become the leading trend in world development, does not eliminate, but in many ways aggravates the problems of economic, social and political progress. It removes the opposition of civilizations or formations according to the principle: higher and lower, advanced and backward. Each of them has its own merits and advantages, its own value system and its own understanding of progress. .. In this regard, it is necessary to return once again to understanding the special role and place in science of the Russian school of economic thought. .. The identity and uniqueness of the civilization that has developed in our country had a huge impact on the self-determination of the Russian school of economic thought, both in domestic and in world science. No other civilization, if we exclude the still poorly studied specifics of Asian civilization, has had approaches so different from the West, moral values, perception of the surrounding world and a person’s place in it. This could not but affect culture and science, especially the humanities. What is recognized in the West as an immutable truth that removes all restrictions as insignificant, is perceived quite differently and often fundamentally differently in Russian economic thought.
The economic world is interpreted not as an eternal struggle of individuals optimizing their well-being, but as a complex, initially multi-colored complex of complementary and thereby mutually enriching processes, forms of organization and management methods. .. The state is not rejected, but is organically combined with the market, the common social good is higher than individual success.
Science was called upon to absorb this approach, and where it did this, it was successful. Where she deviated from this rule, she (and the country) were disappointed. The 20th century, including its last decade, is clear evidence of this.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS FOR THE DOCUMENT
1. Why does the author consider it necessary to reconsider the role and place in science of the Russian school of economic thought? What determines the identity of this scientific school?
2. What approaches, moral values, and views on the place of man in the world that differ from Western ones characterize, in the opinion of L. I. Abalkin, Russian civilization?
3. Can we agree with the author that the use of these approaches by economic science could ensure success? economic development countries?
4. Using knowledge Recent history and the facts of the socio-economic life of Russia in the last decade, give examples that confirm the scientist’s conclusion that deviations from the approaches and values developed by Russian economists led to failures.
1) The author considers it necessary to reconsider the role and place in science of the Russian school of economic thought, in connection with globalization, which has become the leading trend in world development. The originality of this Russian scientific school is that it had approaches, moral values, and perceptions of the surrounding world and man’s place in it that were different from the West.
2) According to L.I. Abalkin, Russian civilization differs from the West in that the economic world is interpreted not as an eternal struggle of individuals optimizing their well-being, but as a complex, initially multi-colored complex of complementary and thereby mutually enriching processes, forms of organization and management methods. .. The state is not rejected, but is organically combined with the market, the common social good is higher than individual success. Science was called upon to absorb this approach, and where it did this, it was successful. Where she deviated from this rule, she (and the country) were disappointed. The 20th century, including its last decade, is clear evidence of this.
1. What conditions are necessary to become a person? 2. What, in your opinion, is the role of the family in the life of a person and society? 3. Name and characterize the main forms of relationship between man and society. 4. What is the historical process? 5. How do you understand the connection between the past, present and future in the history of countries and peoples? Give examples. 6. Based on knowledge of history, literature, and other subjects, give examples characterizing the role of the people in the historical process. 7. Is it true that a worldview can be had not only by an individual, but also social group, nation, historical era? Explain your opinion, confirm it with examples. 8. Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) wrote that knowledge of the past is “not only a need for the thinking mind, but also an essential condition for conscious and correct activity,” because it gives that eye of the situation, then sense of the moment, which protects a person “from both inertia and haste.” And then he gives advice: “When determining the tasks and direction of our activities, each of us must be at least a little historian in order to become a conscious and conscientiously acting citizen.” What significance do these thoughts of V. O. Klyuchevsky have for our days? 9. The word “civilization” and its derivatives can mean: a) good manners, the ability to behave in society (“he was a completely civilized young man, with excellent manners and behavior”); b) the stage of social development following savagery and barbarism; c) the state of a society that recognizes the values of peace, economic prosperity, freedom, legality (“in a civilized society there is no place for violence, crime, violation of the law, disrespect for human rights”); d) a set of manifestations of culture (“ancient civilization is a unique culture that underlies the European culture of subsequent eras”); e) a set of unique economic, social, political, spiritual, moral, psychological, value and other structures that distinguish one historical community of people from others (“the economy, system of power, values, lifestyle and psychology of the people of the Middle Ages distinguished this civilization from ancient or modern"). Which of these meanings are directly related to the characteristics of the historical process? Apply these principles to the analysis of specific societies known to you
A personality is a progressive person who knows how to use freedom of choice and achieves a goal. personality development is influenced by: 1) environment
2) awareness of your mistakes
3) do what you want to achieve in life
4) communication
The family carries the following functions: reproductive, educational, economic, recreational. These functions are necessary for society to continue life.
A person needs a relationship with society to fulfill his needs
historical process - the course of human life, its results, development
1. What conditions are necessary to become a person? 2. What, in your opinion, is the role of the family in the life of a person and society? 3. Name and characterize the main forms of relationship between man and society. 4. What is the historical process? 5. How do you understand the connection between the past, present and future in the history of countries and peoples? Give examples. 6. Based on knowledge of history, literature, and other subjects, give examples characterizing the role of the people in the historical process. 7. Is it true that a worldview can be had not only by an individual, but also by a social group, a nation, or a historical era? Explain your opinion, confirm it with examples. 8. Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) wrote that knowledge of the past is “not only a need for the thinking mind, but also an essential condition for conscious and correct activity,” because it gives that eye of the situation, then sense of the moment, which protects a person “from both inertia and haste.” And then he gives advice: “When determining the tasks and direction of our activities, each of us must be at least a little historian in order to become a conscious and conscientiously acting citizen.” What significance do these thoughts of V. O. Klyuchevsky have for our days? 9. The word “civilization” and its derivatives can mean: a) good manners, the ability to behave in society (“he was a completely civilized young man, with excellent manners and behavior”); b) the stage of social development following savagery and barbarism; c) the state of a society that recognizes the values of peace, economic prosperity, freedom, legality (“in a civilized society there is no place for violence, crime, violation of the law, disrespect for human rights”); d) a set of manifestations of culture (“ancient civilization is a unique culture that underlies the European culture of subsequent eras”); e) a set of unique economic, social, political, spiritual, moral, psychological, value and other structures that distinguish one historical community of people from others (“the economy, system of power, values, lifestyle and psychology of the people of the Middle Ages distinguished this civilization from ancient or modern"). Which of these meanings are directly related to the characteristics of the historical process? Apply these principles to the analysis of specific societies known to you. PLEASE DO WITH WHATEVER YOU CAN!.
Since personality is a mature individual, it is necessary for him to become a full-fledged part of society, he must understand himself (achieve harmony between his inner world and external environment), he should have his own opinion, he should not depend on other people, realize his strengths and weaknesses, and find contact with others. Well, this is kind of how it should be ideally, in reality everything is different
1. What conditions are necessary to become a person? 2. What, in your opinion, is the role of the family in the life of a person and society? 3. Name and characterize the main forms of relationship between man and society. 4. What is the historical process? 5. How do you understand the connection between the past, present and future in the history of countries and peoples? Give examples. 6. Based on knowledge of history, literature, and other subjects, give examples characterizing the role of the people in the historical process. 7. Is it true that a worldview can be had not only by an individual, but also by a social group, a nation, or a historical era? Explain your opinion, confirm it with examples. 8. Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) wrote that knowledge of the past is “not only a need for the thinking mind, but also an essential condition for conscious and correct activity,” because it gives that eye of the situation, then sense of the moment, which protects a person “from both inertia and haste.” And then he gives advice: “When determining the tasks and direction of our activities, each of us must be at least a little historian in order to become a conscious and conscientiously acting citizen.” What significance do these thoughts of V. O. Klyuchevsky have for our days? 9. The word “civilization” and its derivatives can mean: a) good manners, the ability to behave in society (“he was a completely civilized young man, with excellent manners and behavior”); b) the stage of social development following savagery and barbarism; c) the state of a society that recognizes the values of peace, economic prosperity, freedom, legality (“in a civilized society there is no place for violence, crime, violation of the law, disrespect for human rights”); d) a set of manifestations of culture (“ancient civilization is a unique culture that underlies the European culture of subsequent eras”); e) a set of unique economic, social, political, spiritual, moral, psychological, value and other structures that distinguish one historical community of people from others (“the economy, system of power, values, lifestyle and psychology of the people of the Middle Ages distinguished this civilization from ancient or modern"). Which of these meanings are directly related to the characteristics of the historical process? Apply these principles to the analysis of specific societies known to you.
1)Live in society, observing moral and ethical standards.
2) If the family is a unit of society, then the family is part of society. But in society the law is harsh. Those who do not have a family drop out of society.
3) The main forms of relationship between man and society. Society is formed by people who enter into certain relationships with each other and perform different types activities necessary for society as a whole.
4) Historical process - the process of changing society in time and space.
5) Without the past there is no future. If a people does not have its own past, such a people ceases to exist.
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