Mononational and multinational countries. Plurinational state Multinational countries of Western Europe

National composition of the population distribution of people according to ethnicity. An ethnos (or people) is a historically established, stable community of people, united by the unity of language, territory, economic life and culture, and national self-consciousness. The forms of ethnic community change and become more complex in the process of development of human society - from tribal and tribal associations in the primitive system, nationalities in early class societies to independent nations - in the context of the merger of local markets into a single national market. If, for example, the formation of nations has long been completed, then in some underdeveloped, and (, etc.) tribal associations are widely represented.

To date, there are 2200 - 2400 ethnic groups in the world. Their numbers vary greatly - from a few dozen people to hundreds of millions. The largest nations include (in million people):

• Chinese - 11 70,
• Hindustanis (the main people of India) - 265,
• Bengalis (in India and) - 225,
• Americans - 200,
• – 175,
• Russians - 150,
• Japanese - 130,
• Punjabis (the main people) - 115,
• – 115,
• Biharis - 105.

Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, 10 ethnic groups account for about 45% of all mankind.

In many states and regions of the world, different ethnic groups are represented differently. Therefore, the main peoples are usually singled out, that is, the ethnic groups that make up the bulk of the population, and national minorities.

According to their origin and social status, national minorities are usually divided into two types:
autochthonous, i.e., indigenous peoples, ethnic groups born of immigration.

So, the following proportions are typical for the national composition of the modern. The main ethnic group - the British - make up 77% of the total population; autochthonous ethnic groups, including the Scots, etc. - 14% and immigrants from different countries - 9%.

IN last years in countries with a complex national composition, interethnic contradictions have intensified.

The national composition of the population of foreign Europe is heterogeneous, there are one-national states and states with a complex structure in ethnic terms. What are these countries? What are the main groups distinguished by national composition? What factors influenced the formation of the ethnic composition of European countries? This and much more will be discussed in the article.

Factors that influenced the national composition of foreign Europe

Currently, more than 62 peoples live in Europe. Such a motley national mosaic was formed on this territory for several millennia under the influence of historical and natural factors.

Plain territories were convenient for the settlement of people and the emergence of ethnic groups. Thus, for example, the French nation was formed on the territory of the Paris Basin, and the German people was formed on the North German Plain.

Mountainous territories complicated the ties between ethnic groups, in such territories, as a rule, a motley ethnic composition was formed, for example, the Balkans and the Alps.

Migration processes had a significant impact on the national composition of Europe. From the 16th century and until the beginning of the 20th century. Europe was mainly a region of emigration, and from the second half of the 20th century. became a region of immigration.

After the revolution of 1917, a stream of migrants poured from Russia to the countries of foreign Europe, the number of which amounted to about 2 million people. They formed ethnic diasporas in France, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia.

They had a huge impact on the national composition of foreign Europe and numerous internecine wars and conquests, as a result of which many peoples developed a very complex gene pool. So, for example, the Spanish people was formed as a result of mixing over several centuries of Arab, Celtic, Romanesque, Jewish blood. The Bulgarian ethnos was influenced by Turkish rule for 4 centuries.

Since the middle of the 20th century, migration to Europe from former European colonies has intensified. Thus, millions of Asians, Africans, Arabs, Latin Americans permanently settled in foreign Europe. In the 1970s and 1990s, several waves of political and labor migration from Yugoslavia and Turkey were noted. Many of them assimilated in Great Britain, France and Germany, which led to a change in the modern look of the French, British and Germans.

The most acute ethnic problems in Europe are national separatism and ethnic conflicts. As an example, we can recall the confrontation between the Walloons and the Flemish in the 80s in Belgium, which almost split the country. For more than a decade, the radical organization ETA has been operating, which demands the creation of a Basque state in southwestern France and northern Spain. Recently, relations between Catalonia and Spain have escalated, in October 2017 a referendum for independence was held in Catalonia, the turnout was 43 percent, 90% of those who voted for independence, but it was recognized as illegal and null and void.

Types of countries of foreign Europe by national composition

In this regard, they are divided into:

• Mono-ethnic, when the main nation in the share of the population of the country is approximately 90% or more. These include Norway, Denmark, Poland, Bulgaria, Italy, Iceland, Sweden, Germany, Austria, Portugal, Ireland, Slovenia.
• With the predominance of one nation, but with a significant percentage of national minorities in the population structure of the country. These are, for example, France, Finland, Great Britain, Romania, Spain.
• Binational, that is, the national composition of the country is dominated by two nations. An example is Belgium.
• Multinational - Latvia, Switzerland.

Three types of countries of foreign Europe are predominant in terms of national composition - single-national, with a predominance of one nation and bi-national.

In many European countries, very complex interethnic relationships have developed: Spain (Basques and Catalans), France (Corsica), Cyprus, Great Britain (Scotland), Belgium.

Language groups of the population of foreign Europe

By language, the vast majority of the population of Europe belongs to the Indo-European language family. It includes:

• Slavic branch, which is divided into two groups: southern and western. South Slavic languages ​​are spoken by Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Serbs, Macedonians, Bosniaks, and West Slavic languages ​​are spoken by Czechs, Poles, Slovaks.
• Germanic branch, which is divided into western and northern group. The West Germanic group includes German, Flemish, Frisian, English languages. To the North Germanic group - Faroese, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic,
• Romance branch, the basis of which was the Latin language. This branch includes the following French, Italian, Provencal, Portuguese, Spanish.
• The Celtic branch is currently represented by only 4 languages: Irish, Gaelic, Welsh, Breton. Approximately 6.2 million people speak the language group.

The Indo-European language family includes Greek (more than 8 million people speak) and Albanian (2.5 million people) languages. is also Indo-European. Before the Second World War, there were about 1 million gypsies in Europe, today about 600 thousand of them live in countries of foreign Europe.

Languages ​​spoken in foreign Europe:

• The Uralic language family - its Finno-Ugric branch - Finns, Hungarians, Saami.
• Altai language family - Turkic branch - Tatars, Turks, Gagauz.

The Basque language occupies a special place, it does not belong to any language family, it is the so-called isolated language, the historical ties of which have not been established, about 800 thousand people are native speakers of the language.

National and religious composition of foreign Europe

The dominant religion in Europe is Christianity, only Jews profess Judaism, and Albanians and Croats - Islam.

Catholicism is practiced by Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, French, Irish, Austrians and Belgians, Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks.

It should be noted that there are many Protestants among the Czechs, Slovaks and Hungarians.

In Switzerland and Germany, Catholics are approximately 50%.

Protestantism is professed by Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, Germans. Moreover, Lutheranism is widespread.

Orthodox Christianity is widespread in the countries of the southeast and east of Europe - in Greece, Romania, Bulgaria.

However, according to the religious principle, it is impossible to judge the national identity of a person. Many peoples adopted the religion of the state in which they lived. For example, many gypsies profess Christianity, but there are entire camps that consider Islam their religion.

History of statistical accounting of the national composition of the population of Europe

About 500 million people live in Europe, the predominant part of the population, according to anthropological characteristics, is the Caucasian race. Europe can rightfully be considered the ancestral home national consciousness peoples. It was here that national groups began to emerge, the relationship between which created the history of Europe and beyond. Here, population statistics began to develop, taking into account the national composition. But the principles for determining a particular nationality in different countries Europe were different.

Initially, the national identity of the people was associated with linguistic affiliation. One of the first countries of foreign Europe that carried out a statistical accounting of the national composition of their citizens, depending on the knowledge of the language, were Belgium in 1846 and Switzerland in 1850 (during the population census, the question was: “What is your main spoken language?”). Prussia took up this initiative, and in the census in 1856 the question of the "mother" (native) language was used.

In 1872, at the Statistical Congress in St. Petersburg, it was decided to introduce a direct question of nationality into the list of issues of statistical accounting of the country's citizens. However, until the 20s of the 20th century, this solution was not implemented.

All this time, they kept a statistical record of citizens on a religious or linguistic basis. This situation in the population census remained practically until the beginning of the Second World War.

The complexities of ethnic statistics at present

IN postwar period many countries of foreign Europe either did not set the task of taking into account the national composition of the population at all, or they limited it too much.

More reliable data are based on the registration of nationality in five European countries: Albania (1945, 1950, 1960 census), Bulgaria (1946, 1956 census), Romania (1948, 1956 census), Czechoslovakia (1950 census) and Yugoslavia (census 1948, 1953, 1961). All censuses included a question on nationality and mother tongue.

In countries where only the linguistic affiliation of the population was recorded, the ability to determine the national composition becomes more difficult. These are Belgium, Greece, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Liechtenstein. Nationality does not always coincide with language, many peoples speak the same language, for example, the Swiss, Germans, Austrians speak German. In addition, many peoples completely assimilated into the territory to which they moved, and the concept of "native language" as a determinant of ethnicity does not work in this case.

Countries such as Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Great Britain, Ireland, Spain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, France did not set themselves the task of determining the national composition of the population during the census. First, in these countries the concept of "nationality" is synonymous with "citizenship"; secondly, in some countries there is a relatively homogeneous national composition (Iceland, Portugal, Denmark, Ireland); thirdly, in some countries, relatively accurate information is available only for individual peoples, for example, for the Welsh in Great Britain.

Thus, underdevelopment statistics on the national question and repeated changes in the political borders of states created significant problems in the formation of reliable data on the national composition of the population of foreign Europe.

Dynamics of the number of peoples in foreign Europe

The dynamics of the number of peoples of foreign Europe was not exactly the same throughout the centuries of history.

In the Middle Ages, the number of Romanesque peoples increased fastest of all, since they were more developed culturally and economically. In modern times, the German and Slavic peoples intercepted the championship.

The normal natural development of some peoples of Europe was disrupted by world wars. Significant losses during the last world war were among the Jewish people, whose numbers decreased by more than 3 times, among the gypsies by 2 times.

As for the forecasts for the future, in the national composition of the countries of Europe, an increase in the percentage of Slavic peoples and a decrease in the percentage of Germanic peoples is possible.

Factors affecting the dynamics of the number of peoples of foreign Europe

One of the main factors affecting the number of individual peoples in national structure countries of foreign Europe, is migration, as a result of which the number of people decreases. For example, after the resettlement of Jews in Israel, their number in Europe sharply decreased. But there were exceptions. For example, the Greeks, whose numbers increased dramatically due to the resettlement of Greeks from Turkey to Europe.

The population dynamics of a particular nation is affected by the birth rate and mortality rate, but most of all it depends on the degree of its assimilation in the country of residence. Many migrants of the second and third generations lose their national identity, having almost completely assimilated. So, for example, in France, Spaniards and Italians are gradually becoming French.

Instead of output

The national composition of foreign Europe is characterized by comparative homogeneity. Europe is dominated by single-ethnic countries and countries where the vast majority are representatives of a particular nation. There are very few countries that are nationally complex, but national issues they are very sharp.

IN modern world more than three thousand different ethnic units live, and there are a little more than two hundred states. And this means that, with a few exceptions, the majority are multinational countries.

Terms and concepts

In order to understand the issue in detail, it is necessary to highlight key concepts used by researchers when studying a particular country. Such concepts as tribe, nationality, people, nation, ethnos are quite close in their meaning, but at the same time they have certain nuances. It is clear enough that all these terms are the result of the historical complication of various elements that characterize this or that ethnic community. Economic development, the expansion of the territory led to an increase in the area of ​​​​residence of the tribe, which gradually turned into a nationality or people. And as the highest stage of an ethnic unit, one can single out the formation and emergence of a nation. Many scientists agree that the determining factors in the formation of this community are one language, territory, culture and economic ties. However, as a nation develops, these factors lose their paramount importance, and it can continue to exist even when divided by state borders.

Formation of national identity

Indeed, to confirm this statement, one can refer to the example of such a multinational giant as the USSR. Many nations that existed as part of this state, after its collapse, found themselves on opposite sides of the borders, but did not lose their identity. Therefore, having formed once, they continue to exist, except for cases of physical disappearance. Language as one of the fundamental features of a nation may cease to be such. As the number of people increased, the role of kinship decreased, and it could turn out that two or more languages ​​appeared in one nation. When the former ethnic groups were united into more and more numerous, language variations (dialects) were preserved, sometimes differing quite strongly from the former single language. The most striking example is the Swiss Confederation. Approximately along this path, the multinational countries of Europe were formed. However, not only European countries followed this path of development of national relations. The multinational countries of Asia also could not immediately form as full-fledged polyethnic formations. A series of revolutions and other metamorphoses led them to the need for coexistence, and one of the many Asian states - China - was also formed according to this principle.

Different interpretations of the concept of "nation"

When using the term "nation", one must keep in mind its twofold meaning. Firstly, scientists consider it as a set of citizens of a certain state. That is, it is a multicultural, socio-political, territorial and economic community of representatives of different nationalities that form the state. In the second case, this definition is used as a designation of the highest form ethnic unity. Multinational countries that have developed according to the first scenario in the modern geopolitical world account for more than half of all state formations. The most typical example is the American nation. For many centuries, the United States has been called a "melting pot" that successfully dissolved the ethnic diversity of American citizens, turning them into a single nation. This course of events was dictated by historical realities, the emerging industrial type of society made strict demands, primarily of an economic nature, and many nationalities had to unite in order to successfully compete in international arena. This is how the multinational countries of the world were formed.

Russian style integration

The globalization of the economy has influenced the ways of integrating state-national entities. Dynamically developing production has led to the formation of new options for interethnic cooperation. The United States and the Russian Federation are multinational countries, both of them are federations in their structure. However, the way they are organized is fundamentally different. Russian Federation built according to the national-state principle of the subjects that make it up. They have a certain autonomy internal affairs and jointly represent the Russian nation.

Alternative way of national cooperation

American states also have some internal autonomy, but are formed on a territorial basis. Russia in this way of organization guarantees the development of the national culture of the peoples inhabiting it. The United States of America, on the basis of democratic laws, also secures the right of each ethnic unit to national and cultural independence. These two types of state associations are represented all over the globe.

Globalization and nations

The entry of the world into the information age has further strengthened interstate competition, respectively, and interethnic. Therefore, the main trend is the birth over nation states formations. They are formed on the principle of confederation and have a great national and cultural diversity. The most typical example is European Union, which includes more than twenty countries, and the inhabitants speak, according to the most rough estimates, 40 languages. The structure of this association is as close as possible to the prevailing economic and political realities. On its territory there is a common legal system, currency, citizenship. If you take a closer look at these signs, you can conclude that a European supernation has practically taken shape. The number of new EU members is growing. Similar processes, but with a lesser degree of cooperation, are taking place around the world. The initial economic and political blocs are prototypes of future supernations. It seems that such large state-national formations are the future of all human civilization.

National politics

The guarantor of the preservation of unity is the national policy in states united in multinational countries. The list of these countries is quite extensive and includes the vast majority of state entities located on our planet. The national policy includes a set of measures to ensure the equal existence and development of the ethnic units of the state. The most multinational country in the world - India - is an example of this. Only a balanced and cautious policy of this country allows it to be the leader of South Asia and successfully compete with its giant neighbor China.

Modern trends in interethnic relations

It is the legislative consolidation of the rights of national minorities that serves as a binding "solution" for these countries. The paths of development of nationalities and the state did not always coincide. History shows many such examples. Multinational countries are most prone to disintegration precisely because of their multi-ethnicity. The twentieth century was the period of the collapse of many such states: the USSR, Yugoslavia, and even the binational Czechoslovakia. Therefore, maintaining the parity of nationalities becomes the basis for cooperation and integration. Over the past two decades, the process of separatism has acquired some tendentiousness, this also applies to established European states, such as, for example, Great Britain, from which Scotland announced its intention to withdraw, as well as those artificially created as a result of the colonial policy of the states of Asia and Africa.

MULTINATIONAL STATE - a state in which various nations and nationalities live, historically formed in a given ethnic territory. A multinational state should be distinguished from a multiethnic state, which is characterized by the presence of many ethnic groups within one nation. For example, the United States is not a multinational state, since it has developed a single American nation, consisting of many ethnic groups.

Multinational states were formed in various ways. In one case, this happened where the state rallying of peoples took place before the formation of nations began and national movements for political independence developed. Often this happened through conquest. This was the case, for example, in Eastern Europe and in a number of regions of Asia. In Africa, multinational states formed most often in the course of colonial expansion. India, Indonesia, Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Vietnam, China, etc. are among the typical multinational states. More than half of the world's population lives in multinational states.

Existing multinational states can be divided into two types: states with the numerical dominance of one nation and states in which no nation dominates the others. Most multinational states are those where the dominant position of one nation is manifested. They are usually stronger and more stable in interethnic relations and less prone to inter-ethnic clashes. According to the forms of territorial structure, multinational states exist both unitary and federal. As a rule, in a multinational state, multinationality is taken into account in the construction of state authorities in ethno-linguistic policy, in the formation of power structures, in socio-cultural life, etc.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state in which more than 140 peoples live. The largest nation is the Russian, which makes up 80% of the total population of the country. Characteristic of multinational Russia is the dispersed settlement of ethnic groups, especially in the republics within the Russian Federation. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of regions are characterized by the predominance of the Russian population.

Multinationality is not a defining feature that characterizes the type of state, its social nature. However, along with economic, political, spiritual characteristics, the sign of multinationality leaves an imprint on the historical fate of the state and its functioning. As a rule, multinationality is an additional factor complicating the internal life of a multinational state.

With the right national policy Democratic state multinationality is able to ensure normal relations between peoples, and multinationality itself will not violate the stability and sustainability of the state.

See: State, National State, National statehood.

Tavadov G.T. Ethnology. Modern dictionary-reference book. M., 2011, p. 73-75.

One-national countries of the world include states in which the proportion of people of the titular nation is more than 90%. The list of mono-ethnic countries includes island countries - Japan, Iceland, peninsular - Portugal, Italy. There are countries located far from the seas and oceans - Austria.

The one-national countries of the world, the list of which is growing, have the border of the distribution of the nation within the state borders. The process of formation of mono-ethnic states is associated with the desire of indigenous peoples that are part of multinational states to separate themselves within the historical territory.

Uninational and multinational countries of the world. Meaning and list of countries.

Regions of the world have an unequal number of nation-states on their territory:

Countries of Europe

The mononationality of the state does not affect the place in the world list of economically prosperous countries. Europe is a part of the world, on the territory of which there are small single-national countries. The formation of new nation-states in the region continues at the present time.

European uninational states are:

• Italy. The Italian Republic is located in the south of Europe. Italians make up 93% of the population. Mostly it is a mountainous country with a comfortable subtropical Mediterranean climate for living. It is an economically developed industrial and agrarian power. Italy is a major international center of tourism, there are 53 attractions on the territory world heritage UNESCO. The Republic is a member of NATO, the UN, the European Union;
  
  
• Portugal. The Portuguese Republic is located entirely on the Iberian Peninsula, on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The country lies in the subtropical zone. The population is 99% Portuguese. The coastal plains are densely populated. 50% of the population lives in Lisbon and the city of Porto. The capital is the city of Lisbon. Portugal is an industrial-agrarian country with a stable economy. It stands out on the world market with large supplies of cork, olives, and wine.
• Austria. The country is located in the center of Europe. In the national composition of the population of the Austrians 90%. The Republic of Austria is characterized by a developed industry, skilled workers, and an established international tourism business. It has the status of a rich country.
  
  
• Iceland. The republic is located on the island of the same name in the Atlantic Ocean. The isolated position of the country led to the predominance of Icelanders in the national composition. They make up 99% of the country's population. Iceland is considered an industrial-agrarian country. 70% of Icelanders work in the service sector. Iceland has many spouting geysers and springs mineral water. 85% of Icelandic houses, greenhouses are heated by energy received from geothermal sources;
• Norway. The Kingdom of Norway is located on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Mountainous terrain, an abundance of narrow bays - fjords, make up the face of the country. 70% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. 96% of the population are Norwegians. Norway has a merchant fleet, which ranks 6th in the world in terms of tonnage. The country's hydroelectric power plants generate the cheapest electricity in the world.
• Ireland. The Republic is located on the island of Ireland and occupies 80% of the island. 98% of the population are Irish. The climate of Ireland is humid, with frequent rains. Forests occupy 1% of the territory, the rest is occupied by meadows. The leading sectors in the economy are pharmaceuticals and agricultural engineering. IN agriculture leading animal husbandry. Ireland firmly holds the position of an environmentally friendly country. This is due to the small amount of pollutants environment industries;
  
  
• Sweden located on the Scandinavian Peninsula, near Norway. It is distinguished by a small population in the country - 10.5 million people. 91% of the ethnic composition are Swedes. Sweden is one of the 10 safest countries in the world for human life. There are comfortable working conditions, a good ecological situation, free high-level education. Income for the country is brought by the companies Scania, Erickson, Volvo, Oriflame, Tetrapack and Tele2;
• Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark has a homogeneous national composition - 98% are Danes. The country belongs to the Northern Europe region. Occupies the Jutland peninsula, small islands North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Denmark is an industrial country with a high standard of living. 75% of the population is employed in the service sector. The country exports machinery, agricultural products, chemical products to the world market, and imports raw materials for the manufacturing industry, oil, gas;
• Poland. The Republic of Poland is located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. 96% of the country's population consider themselves Poles. Poland is a country that has preserved its identity and culture over many centuries. Currently, the industry specializes in the production of engineering products, chemical products. Poland is a member of the NATO bloc;
  
  
• Czech Republic. In the structure of the national composition, the share of Czechs is 95%. The former socialist republic ranks 2nd in economic development among countries of Eastern Europe. The position of the country at the crossroads of transport routes in Central Europe, a comfortable climate, an abundance of attractions are actively used by the Czechs to develop the country and increase income.

Asian countries

One-national countries of the world, the list of which in Asia is continued by the economically developed countries of Japan, Saudi Arabia, are distinguished by their high originality, strict observance of national traditions and customs.

Asian uninational states are:

Latin American countries

Uninational countries of the world, the list of which in Latin America is represented by mainland countries South America and the island states of the region, stand at different levels economic development.

Latin American countries are ethnically mononational, but have a motley racial composition.

The peoples of Latin America were formed as a result of a mixture of European peoples, Indians, African peoples. Mestizos, mulattoes, creoles belong to a single nation of the country. The unifying factors are language and culture.

Latin American mono-ethnic countries:

African countries

Single-national countries of the world, the list of which includes ethnically homogeneous states, on the African continent are represented by different cultures, religions, countries, but similar in their historical path of development.

African mono-ethnic states:

Multinational countries of the world

Multinational countries are called countries in which the share of the titular people is less than 90% of the population. The number of multinational countries in the world is greater than single-national ones.

The top 10 multi-ethnic countries in the world include:

1. India. The country has low prices for fruits and clothes. The food in the composition does not contain chemical additives. higher educational establishments provide quality education at an affordable cost. Distinctive feature Indians - a calm attitude to reality, the absence of stress. The country has a diverse ethnic composition. The major peoples of the country are: Hindustanis, Biharis, Telugu, Tamils.
   
   
2. Pakistan. Country with beautiful nature and strong Islamic traditions. Respectful attitude towards elders is brought up with early childhood. Smoking is prohibited in the country. Despite the threat of terrorist attacks, the unstable political situation, children receive free education. There is a public health system that allows you to receive part of the medical services for free. The national composition is dominated by Punjabis, Sidhis, Pashtuns.
3. China. The country has low prices for household appliances, in stores there are cheap and various clothes and shoes. It's easy to find a job. 56 peoples live on the territory of the country. In terms of numbers, the Han are the leaders, in addition to them, the Zhuang and Hui peoples are numerous.
4. Russia. Russians get free medical service, free education. Income tax is low compared to European countries. Business development in any field is facilitated by low competition. Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians are the main peoples of the country. The share of Russians is over 80%.
5. USA. The positive aspects for life in the country are: soft climatic conditions. Average winter temperatures do not fall below 0-1 degrees; availability of work with decent wages; good service and the availability of qualified professionals. The main people - US Americans, make up 60% of the population. Numerous peoples are: African Americans, Mexicans, Italians, Dutch, Chinese.
   
   
6. Indonesia. The diverse, exotic nature of the islands attracts tourists. Cheap fruits without chemicals, inexpensive housing and the proximity of the sea are attractive conditions for permanent and temporary residence. The 4th most populous country in the world has a diverse ethnic composition. Numerous peoples in Indonesia are Javanese, Sundanese, Malays.
7. Türkiye. Comfortable climate, affordable housing, medical care High Quality characterize the country positive side. Turkey has a good ecological situation. Turks, Kurds, Armenians are the main nationalities of Turkey;
   
   
8. Canada. The country is distinguished by a high standard of living of the population, high salaries. Canadians are tolerant and polite. noted low level crime. A Canadian passport allows you to visit 153 countries without a visa. Numerous peoples of Canada: Canadians, British, French, Scots, Irish.
9. Iran. The Iranian healthcare system is characterized by a high level of development. Iranians get education for free. Prices for food and clothes are low. Large ethnic groups are Persians, Azerbaijanis and Kurds.
10. Latvia. Mild climate, high level life, favorable ecological conditions are attractive for life in Latvia. The Baltic Republic is characterized by a diverse ethnic composition. Numerous peoples of the country are Latvians, Russians, Belarusians.

One-national countries in the general world list of countries are distinguished by fewer interethnic problems. Among them there are economically developed countries, developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Citizens of these countries are patriots and love their Motherland, regardless of the political situation and standard of living.

Article formatting: Ilchenko Oksana

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