Collection of ideal essays on social studies. Aspects of socialization Democratic state as an agent of socialization

State - link political system a society that has power functions and is a set of interrelated institutions and organizations that manage society.

The state can be considered as a factor of spontaneous socialization insofar as its characteristic policy, ideology, economic and social practices create certain conditions for the life of its citizens, their development and self-realization. Children, adolescents, young men, adults, functioning in these conditions, learn the norms and values, both declared by the state and implemented in social practice. As you know, they never completely coincide, and in certain periods of the history of the state they can be opposite. All this in a certain way can influence the self-change of a person in the process of socialization. The state carries out a relatively directed socialization of its citizens belonging to certain gender and age, socio-professional, national and cultural groups. Relatively directed socialization of certain groups of the population is objectively carried out by the state in the process of solving the tasks necessary for the implementation of its functions.

Thus, the state determines the ages: the beginning of compulsory education (and its duration), the age of majority, marriage, obtaining a license to drive cars, conscription into the army (and its duration), beginning labor activity, retirement. The state legally stimulates and sometimes finances (or, conversely, restrains, restricts and even prohibits) the development and functioning of ethnic and religious cultures. Thus, relatively directed socialization carried out by the state, being addressed large groups population, creates certain conditions for specific people to choose a life path, for their development and self-realization. The state carries out more or less effective socially controlled socialization of its citizens, creating for this purpose both organizations that have their functions of educating certain age groups, and creating conditions that force organizations whose direct functions do not include this, to one degree or another to engage in education . To do this, it develops a specific policy in the field of education and forms the state system of education.

State policy in the field of education - defining the tasks of education and strategies for their solution, developing legislation and allocating resources, supporting educational initiatives, which together should create the necessary and sufficiently favorable conditions for the development and spiritual and value orientation of the younger generations in accordance with the positive interests of man and the demands of society.

The state system of education - the totality government organizations whose activities are aimed at implementing the educational policy of the state. The state education system includes several elements:

1. Relevant legislative and other acts that are the basis of the system and determine the composition of its constituent organizations and the procedure for its functioning.

2. Certain funds allocated and attracted by the state for the successful functioning of the education system. These funds are divided into: material (infrastructure, equipment, study guides etc.), financial (budgetary, non-budgetary, private investments), personal resources of its subjects.

3. A set of social roles necessary for the implementation of the functions of education: organizers of education; educators-professionals of various specializations; volunteer educators; pupils of different ages, gender and socio-cultural affiliation.

4. A set of certain sanctions applied to organizers, educators and educators. Sanctions are divided into positive (encouraging) and negative (condemning, punishing).

5. Certain values ​​cultivated by the state system of education, which are adequate to the type of socio-political, economic and ideological systems of society.

6. Education management bodies, thanks to which the state education system functions and develops.

The nuances of education:

Levels of development of cognitive interest
A special kind of interest appears in teaching - interest in knowledge, or, as it is now commonly called, cognitive interest. His area is cognitive activity, during which...

Difficult simple tasks. Logical and psychological concept of a task
The tradition of first considering simple and then compound problems has become so firmly established in the practice of our school that, as far as we know, none of the experts in the field of mathematics teaching methods...

The state carries out a more or less effective relatively socially controlled socialization of its citizens, creating for this purpose both organizations that have their functions of educating certain age groups, and conditions that force organizations whose direct functions do not include this, to one degree or another to engage in education.

The state most consistently influences the socialization of the younger generations through the creation of a special systems of educational organizations. Education becomes one of essential functions states since the middle of the 19th century. In order to ensure that upbringing effectively forms a person corresponding to the social order determined by the public and state system the state is improving it. This is done by formulating its tasks and determining the content, developing its material base, searching for optimal forms of management and coordinating the activities of various educational organizations, training and retraining teaching staff etc.

By the middle of the XX century. in the most developed countries, the state began to pay more and more attention to the socially controlled socialization of not only the younger generations, but also young people, adults and the elderly. The main areas of efforts of state organizations have become professional training and retraining of youth and adults; cultural and social adaptation immigrants; social assistance to the poor, the elderly, members of risk groups, maladjusted and disorganized families and population groups; creation of conditions for productive recreational behavior of the population; as well as conditions for raising the cultural level of all segments of the population, etc.

For the effective implementation of a relatively socially controlled socialization of its citizens, the state develops a certain policy in the field of education and forms the state system of education.

State policy in the field of education- defining the tasks of education and strategies for their solution, developing legislation and allocating resources, supporting educational initiatives, which together should create the necessary and sufficient favorable conditions for the development and spiritual and value orientation of citizens in accordance with the positive interests of man and the demands of society.

State system of education - a set of organizations whose activities are aimed at the implementation of educational tasks set by the state. It includes three levels - federal, regional (the level of subjects of the federation) and municipal.

The state system of education includes a wide range of different educational organizations:

Educational institutions various types(kindergartens, general education and specialized schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, vocational schools, technical schools, colleges, courses, etc.);

Institutions for those gifted in certain areas of knowledge and activities, as well as those with stable interests, pronounced abilities;

Organizations involved in socio-cultural and other types of improvement of the microenvironment; individual and group guardianship of children, adolescents, youth, adults;

Institutions for children, adolescents, boys and girls with significantly impaired health;

Institutions for children, teenagers, boys and girls, adults with psychosomatic and/or social deviations and/or defects;

Organizations engaged in re-education and rehabilitation.

Over time, the diversity of educational organizations increases due to the complication of both the socio-economic and cultural needs of society, their roles and significance in the education system change.

The state policy in the field of education is also changing, because the country, ethnic group, society, state are changing. The French educator Claude-Adrian Helvetius drew attention to this back in the 18th century: “In every country, the art of forming people is so closely connected with the form of government that any significant change in public education is hardly possible without changes in the state system itself.”

Questions and tasks for self-control

1. What assumptions about the influence of the Cosmos on the human community were expressed by domestic scientists?

2. What is the manifestation of the globalization of the conditions of socialization?

3. What is the global differentiation of the conditions of socialization?

4. What makes it possible to attribute the country to the macro factors of socialization?

5. Name the main aspects of the influence on the socialization of the mentality of the ethnic group.

6. What are implicit theories of personality and upbringing?

7. What features are characteristic of the gender, age and social structures of modern Russian society?

8. How does the state influence the relatively directed socialization of a person?

9. What is the state policy in the field of education and the state system of education?

Questions and tasks for discussion

1. Space as a socialization factor - is it a utopia or an unknown reality?

2. How do global processes and problems affect human socialization?

3. How to understand the definition of "country - the frame of socialization"?

4. Using specific examples, show the deep nature of the influence of the mentality of an ethnic group on the socialization of a person in different age periods.

5. Analyze the ethnic stereotypes you know and their influence on the socialization of a person.

6. Using the example of a domestic inter-ethnic conflict, show the role of an ethnic group in the socialization of a person.

7. Describe the problems of socialization in modern Russian society in connection with its change (using the example of your city).

8. How do the current realities of Russian society affect intergenerational relations in the region where students live?

9. How does ideological pluralism affect the socialization of specific nominal groups in the region where students live?

10. Show examples of the manifestation of implicit concepts of personality and education in the region where students live.

11. Analyze the problems of the education system that have arisen in connection with changes in society and in public policy.

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State
The state is a link in the political system of a society that has power functions. It is a set of interrelated institutions and organizations (government apparatus, administrative and financial bodies, courts, etc.) that manage the society. The state can be considered as a factor of spontaneous socialization insofar as its characteristic policy, ideology (economic and social) and spontaneous practice create certain conditions for the socialization of the life of its citizens, their development and self-realization. Children, adolescents, young men, adults, more or less successfully functioning in these conditions, voluntarily or involuntarily learn the norms and values, both established by the state and (even more often) obtained in social practice. All this in a certain way can influence the self-change of a person in the process of socialization. The state carries out a relatively directed socialization of its citizens belonging to certain gender and age, socio-professional, national and cultural groups. Relatively directed socialization of certain groups of the population is objectively carried out by the state in the process of solving the tasks necessary for the implementation of its functions.
Thus, the state determines the ages: the beginning of compulsory education, the age of majority, marriage, obtaining a license to drive a car, conscription into the army (and its duration), the beginning of labor activity, retirement. The state legally stimulates and sometimes finances (or, conversely, restrains, restricts and even prohibits) the development and functioning of ethnic and religious cultures. We restrict ourselves to these examples.
Thus, relatively directed socialization, carried out by the state, addressed to large groups of the population, creates certain conditions for specific people to choose a life path, for their development and self-realization. The state contributes to the education of its citizens, for this purpose organizations are created that, in addition to their main functions, also carry out the education of various age groups. The state took over the educational organization from the middle of the 19th century. It is very interested in the education of citizens, seeking with its help the formation of a person who would correspond to the social order. In order to achieve its goals, the state develops some policy in the field of education and forms a state system of education.

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  State How factor socialization. State- the concept of political science and law. State- a link in the political system of a society that has power functions.


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  More or less studied conditions or factors socialization grouped into 4 groups.
  The second is macrofactors (from the English "macro" - "big") that affect socialization countries ethnos, society, state.


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  State How factor socialization. State- the concept of political science and law. State


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  State How factor socialization. State- the concept of political science and law. State- a link in the political system of society, which ... more ».


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  State How factor socialization. State- the concept of political science and law.
  Region - part states, which is integral socially- an economic system that has a commonality.


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  State How factor socialization. State- the concept of political science and law. State- a link in the political system of society, a cat. Types and functions of education.


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  ...countries they affect socialization person, they are used and take into account prevailing in country ethnic groups, community and state.
  The role of the ethnic group How factor a socialization a person throughout his life path, on the one hand, cannot be ignored, but on the other ...


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  Factors victimization of a person can become a society and state in which he lives. Presence of certain types of victims adverse conditions socialization, their diversity, quantitative, gender and age, socially-the cultural characteristics of each type depend on...


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  TO factors human victimization can be attributed to all factors socialization: microfactors - family, peer groups and subculture
  mass media; macro factors - space, planet, world, a country, society, state(classification by A. V. Mudrik).


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  State How economic institute. In a number of economic entities whose activities are subject to the influence of psychological factors, along with the individual, organizations, social groups have a special place state.

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The ontological transformations of all aspects of the social life of Russian society, which the state faced at the end of the last - the beginning of the present century, led to a significant decrease in the role of the state as a regulator of the processes of socialization of the individual. long time socialization of citizens of the Russian Federation was under the dominant influence of natural factors (global network, informal groups etc.), as a result of which public consciousness processes characteristic of traditional society, which significantly complicates Russia's transition to a welfare state.

Remark 1

In recent decades in Russian society happened complex processes, which significantly transformed the basic social institutions, led to a reassessment of the values ​​of previous generations, disrupted the continuity in the processes of transferring social experience, which leads to the actualization of the increasing role of the state in the processes of socialization.

The role of the state in the processes of socialization

The state acts as an agent of socialization, which has great resource opportunities to influence the processes of familiarizing the individual with the requirements of society. In addition, the state has a huge toolkit that provides the ability to regulate the processes of socialization. The main state mechanisms for regulating socialization include the following:

• ideological;
• institutional.

The role of ideological state mechanisms in the processes of socialization

The main component of the ideological state mechanism for managing the processes of socialization is ideology, within which:

• a rethinking of the historical fate of the nation, its place in modern world, problems and possible development prospects;
• values ​​are formed that are focused on the consolidation of the nation, socially approved at a certain stage of historical development.

Moreover, the formed system of values ​​is mandatory for all members of society, which orients the activities of basic social institutions (family, education, religion, media, etc.) in such a way as to ensure that the individual is familiar with these values, accepting them as his own.

Using ideological mechanisms, the state establishes relationships between basic social institutions, social practices, between the state and the individual, creates models of approved social behavior, prescribing a minimum of behavioral norms to its citizens.

The role of institutional state mechanisms in the processes of socialization

At the institutional level, the state regulates the activities of basic social institutions:

• education systems,
• public organizations,
• political parties, media, etc.

State regulation of the functioning of basic social institutions acquires a special role in the transition from a traditional society to a modern one, in the formation of a welfare state. Increasing flow rate social processes makes the simple assimilation of the experience of previous generations insufficient for successful adaptation, the social institutions of a traditional society (church, family-class, tribal organization, etc.) are unable to cope with the processes of socialization, which leads to the need to modernize old and form new social institutions.