Examination of children's activity products in preschools. Pedagogical diagnostics as a means of expert assessment consultation on the topic
Target: conducting an accreditation examination of the activities of preschool educational institution; examination of the results of management activities of the head of an educational institution and her deputies.
Confirm compliance with regulatory frameworks activities of preschool educational institutions standardized requirements for the activities of a legal entity.
Confirm compliance of the conditions for the implementation of the educational process offered by the preschool educational institution with state and regional requirements.
To establish compliance of the content, level and quality of training of graduates with the Temporary (approximate) requirements for the content and methods of education and training implemented in preschool educational institutions, NRC State Educational Standards.
To establish the correspondence of the level and focus of educational programs implemented in preschool educational institutions with the type and type of institution.
Establish (confirm) compliance state status The preschool educational institution stated in the Charter and license meets the requirements of the Model Regulations on a Preschool Educational Institution for the provision of rights and benefits provided for by law.
Forms of work:
Monitoring the activities of the educational institution, preschool teachers, and students.
Attendance at open events.
Individual conversations with the administration of the educational institution, teachers-members of certification commissions, preschoolers, parents.
Analysis of documents on the organization of the educational process in preschool educational institutions.
Analysis of the results of the educational institution’s activities in implementing the tasks provided for by the Model Regulations on a Preschool Educational Institution, the Charter of the Educational Institution, the Temporary Requirements and the State Educational Standards NQF.
The certification examination of a preschool educational institution is carried out based on the analysis of the following documents:
Charter of the preschool educational institution; license; educational program; agreements with parents (legal representatives); syllabus; class schedule; work programs; minutes of teachers' councils; diagnostic materials; program development of preschool educational institutions; annual plan; local regulations.
Additional sources of information: OS information card; materials of self-examination of the results of the activities of the educational institution; tour of the preschool educational institution; attending classes; interviews with participants in the educational process.
During the examination, the commission studies and analyzes the educational, pedagogical and management activities of the teaching staff in order to establish compliance with certification and accreditation indicators:
1. Fulfillment by the educational institution of the requirements of the State Standards when organizing the educational process according to educational programs of the appropriate level and focus.
2. Compliance of the content, level and quality of training of preschool educational institution graduates with the requirements of state educational standards.
3. Compliance of the implemented educational programs with the type, type and category of preschool educational institution.
Based on the analysis, the certification commission makes recommendations and proposals. For example, “The analysis shows that preschool educational institution No. 196 has created conditions for the implementation of programs additional education. High level The effectiveness of the institution’s work in this direction allows us to make additions to the license and certificate of state accreditation. It is recommended that additional education programs be licensed and accredited in the following areas: artistic, aesthetic, and physical education and health."
The general conclusions of experts based on the results of the certification examination are also drawn up. For example:
"Taking into account the analysis of the submitted self-examination materials and, based on the results of the certification examination of the content, level and quality of training of preschool students to the requirements of the State Standards, the commission came to the conclusion:
Results achieved educational activities The teaching staff in MDOU kindergarten No. 196 of a general developmental type with priority implementation of the intellectual development of pupils corresponds to the goals and objectives of the declared educational programs and legal norms.
Accreditation conditions are provided in accordance with regulatory requirements.
The expert commission proposes:
Accredit a municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 196 of a general developmental type with priority implementation of the intellectual development of pupils.
Confirm state status:
type - preschool educational institution,
type - a general developmental kindergarten with priority implementation of the intellectual development of pupils.
The accreditation period is five years."
Preschool education is an important component of the country’s social life. A lot depends on the quality of education in preschool educational institutions, so preschool education is now considered as the most important socio-forming factor.
Accordingly, problems preschool education are actively discussed and resolved, as evidenced by the meeting held on April 23, 2013 in the Open Government format, at which government officials together with experts discussed the most pressing problems of preschool education in the Russian Federation.
What problems exist in preschool education?
Like any complex system, preschool education, unfortunately, is a reservoir for many problems. To eliminate them, a deep reform of this system is necessary, which should be carried out in a timely and gradual manner. Experts highlight the following most pressing problems of preschool education:
1. Problems in the field of financing
These include:
- insufficient equipment of kindergartens,
- obsolescence of the material and technical base,
- inability to provide in some preschool institutions decent level educational and methodological base,
- lack of computers and Internet connections in some preschool educational institutions.
In some kindergartens, the main funding comes from parents - these are also problems in preschool education that require resolution.
2. Problems with teaching staff
Professional standards for teachers in the preschool education system need to be changed. The personnel training system, whose area of activity is preschool education, directly affects the quality of preschool education. After the development of a new federal standard, these problems of preschool education will be resolved.
The financial issue regarding the salary of a teacher at a preschool educational institution will also be considered, and salaries will be increased.
3. Overload of kindergartens
The problems of preschool education associated with a lack of places are considered by many experts to be the most pressing. Kindergartens are overloaded, many of them have queues, and some children simply do not have the opportunity to get into kindergarten.
Meanwhile, attending kindergarten is the most important socializing factor for a child, and preschool education should cover as many children as possible. Due to the fact that groups in kindergartens are overloaded, preschool educational institutions cannot fully meet the necessary pedagogical, material, technical and sanitary standards.
4. Problems with catering
The regulations governing nutrition in kindergarten and its organization need to be adjusted. In addition, there is a shortage of specialists who can competently organize catering in preschool educational institutions.
5. Problems with bribery
Due to the lack of places in kindergartens, long queues form, which, in turn, creates fertile ground for the development of bribery. By receiving a bribe, managers can, on this basis, independently distribute priorities when admitting children to kindergarten.
First of all, the development of this situation is favored by the parents themselves, who will do anything to enroll in the kindergarten that is most convenient for them.
In addition, this problem stems from the fact that the priorities for admission to preschool educational institutions remain blurred: if there are no places in kindergartens, parents sometimes cannot get their child admitted even to the preschool educational institution to which they are associated at their place of residence.
Problems of preschool education: through the eyes of parents
Preschool education has some specific features. For example, this area is affected by the lack of independence of the final consumer of services (the child) in choosing an institution that will provide these services. Since parents are primarily interested in their child receiving preschool education, they are the ones who most often face problems in preschool education face to face.
From the parents' side actual problem is the lack of places in preschool educational institutions and the queue that arises for this reason. Parents try to enroll their child in kindergarten in advance, from the moment they receive a birth certificate, many enroll in 5-10 kindergartens, stand in huge queues, offer bribes to the managers, and arrange various conflict situations.
The problem of financing preschool educational institutions is also quite noticeable for parents. Many complain about the exorbitant fees, the fact that you have to pay for free education, the fact that funding for kindergarten falls almost entirely on the shoulders of parents, and for many families such a financial burden is unbearable.
It turns out that kindergarten is no longer a necessity, but a luxury that wealthy or well-connected people can afford. Of course, in a normally functioning preschool education system, such a situation is categorically unacceptable.
Problems of preschool education: searching for solutions
IN this moment work to improve the quality of such a segment of the educational sphere as preschool education is carried out mainly in the following areas:
- A new professional and educational standard is being developed for workers in the preschool education system;
- New buildings for kindergartens are being built, projects are being proposed to attract private investors for the purpose of constructing and purchasing new premises and buildings in which preschool educational institutions will be located. This activity will help solve the problems of preschool education associated with the lack of places in kindergartens;
- New projects to finance kindergartens are being considered. The volume of planned funds that will be allocated for the development of preschool education in 2013-15. exceeds 1 trillion. rubles;
- Favorable conditions are being created to encourage private entrepreneurs to open preschool educational institutions on a private basis;
- By 2016, it is planned to provide at least 1,600,000 new places in kindergartens.
Examination at preschool educational institutions. Pedagogical crossword puzzle with answers
Natalia Valerievna Konduktorova, teacher of the municipal pre-school educational institution of the Balashikha urban district “Kindergarten of a combined type No. 20 “Teremok”I present to your attention crossword puzzle “Expertise in preschool education.”
This crossword puzzle will be useful for senior educators, preschool methodologists, preschool teachers, students teacher training colleges and universities. The crossword puzzle contains modern interpretations the concepts of “expertise”, “expert”, “expert assessments”, “scientific and pedagogical expertise”; how they are defined in preschool pedagogy.
Target: guessing a crossword puzzle on the topic “Expertise in preschool education”
Horizontally:
1. One of the assessment methods (methods). (Quantitative)
2. Research and resolution, with the help of knowledgeable people, of any issue that requires special knowledge. (Expertise)
3. The degree of comparison of results with costs, one of the most important criteria for expert assessment. (Efficiency)
4. A regulatory document for preschool education that defines the requirements for the psychological and pedagogical conditions of education in kindergarten; educational programs; professional competence teachers; creation of a material development environment. (Standard)
5. One of the most necessary conditions and grounds for monitoring. (Rationing)
6. The set of characteristics of an object related to its ability to satisfy established and expected needs. (Quality)
7. The procedure recognized by the state in the person of its state educational authorities for the state status of preschool educational organization with assigning a type and category to it. (Accreditation)
8. An object intended for children's play, serving educational purposes; a work of art that synthesizes the expressive means of sculpture, decorative and applied art, artistic design and theatrical art, subject to expert evaluation. (Toy)
Vertically:
1. Type of monitoring according to the scale of educational goals. (Strategic)
3. One of the basic principles that is fundamental for expert assessments of modern preschool education. (Humanization)
4. The procedure for conducting an examination and making a decision on issuing (or refusing to issue) an educational organization a license for the right to conduct educational activities in accordance with the submitted application. (Licensing)
5. A knowledgeable person invited in controversial or difficult cases for examination; a specialist who gives an opinion when considering a specific issue. (Expert)
6. Comprehensive examination of the activities of preschool educational institutions in order to identify its compliance (non-compliance) with the requirements of the state educational standard. (Certification)
7. A method that includes a set of logical and mathematical procedures aimed at obtaining information, its analysis and processing in order to prepare and make a competent management decision. (Expert)
8.Name of the researcher studying the system-integrated approach in scientific and pedagogical examination. (Shamova)
Bibliography:
1.Krulekht M.V., Telnyuk I.V. Expert assessments in education: Proc. aid for students fak. doshk. higher education ped. textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing center "Academy". - 112 p., 2002
Faculty of Preschool Education, 491 group. Abilova M., Ismagilova A.
Expert assessment technology for certification and accreditation of preschool educational institutions
At the moment, the regulations governing the conduct and technology of expert assessment during the certification and accreditation of preschool educational institutions are:
· Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”,
· Regulations on the procedure for certification and state accreditation of educational institutions (order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated January 25, 1996 No. 27),
· order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated August 22, 1996 No. 448 “On approval of documents for certification and state accreditation of preschool educational institutions.”
The subject and content of the examination during certification is to establish compliance of the content, level and quality of training and education in a preschool institution with the requirements of the state educational standard of preschool education. Before its implementation, the criteria for expert assessment of the activities of a preschool educational institution are temporary approximate requirements, which are defined in Appendix 1 “Form and content of self-examination (self-analysis) in the process of certification of a preschool educational institution: criteria for assessing the activities of a preschool educational institution” to the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 448.
Based on this system of criteria, an expert assessment of the following areas of activity of the preschool educational institution is carried out:
· staffing pedagogical process in kindergarten
(selection and placement of personnel, professional development of employees
nicknames);
· organization of activities of a preschool institution (director
stvo and management);
· material, technical and medical-social conditions of pre
children's stay in kindergarten (developmental environment, safety,
health protection);
· assessment of the activities of the kindergarten by the parents of the pupils
cov.
Certification of a preschool educational institution occurs in two stages:
· the first stage is self-examination on all aspects of one’s activities;
· the second stage is an expert assessment of the activities of the kindergarten by experts from an independent certification commission.
Goal of the first stage- self-examination - identifying the advantages and disadvantages of one’s activities to improve the quality of educational services. Its meaning is to encourage the leaders of the preschool institution and the entire staff to make specific positive changes to update the content, forms and methods of working with children and parents; mastering a personality-oriented model of pedagogical interaction; improving the quality of the material development environment; democratization of the management and control system of a preschool institution.
The responsible person for organizing and conducting self-examination is the head of the preschool educational institution. Its main tasks are: to explain to employees the goals and content of certification, to create a positive psychological climate in the preschool institution during this period, and to teach self-examination technology.
Self-examination technology is based on self-assessment of all aspects of the activities of a preschool institution using a point system. Data collection for self-analysis is carried out using pedagogical diagnostic methods: observations in groups, conversations with children using test game tasks to identify damage to a child’s development, by analyzing the products of children’s activities (drawings, crafts, etc.), questioning teachers and parents of students, analyzing medical and pedagogical documentation, etc.
The essence of the technology is to fill out diagnostic cards based on the results of self-examination using a scoring system and thematic processing of the data obtained.
Maps for diagnosing the content and methods of education and training in kindergarten (Section 1 of Appendix 1 to Order No. 448 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) are indexed according to the main areas of the educational process of working with children. For example, I - development of gaming activity, P - speech development child, Ma - the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, E - the development of children's ecological culture, etc.
1 point- the activities of the preschool institution do not meet the criterion;
2 points- partially meets the criterion;
3 points- fully meets the criterion.
In the process of mathematical data processing, the scores of all subcriteria are first calculated, and then the average score for each criterion is determined by finding the arithmetic mean. For example, I (development of gaming activities):
And 1 = (And 1.1 + And 1.2 + And 1.3 + And 1.4 + And 1.5) : 5 =
= (3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2) : 5 = 2.4 (Appendix 3).
When the administration of a preschool educational institution compiles a report on this aspect of its activities, I calculate! summary scores for all groups, taking into account expert assessments of specialist teachers, heads of children's studios, sections, circles, clubs, etc. The average scores for each area of educational work with children are summed up and divided by the number of groups. If this area was also assessed by a specialist teacher, then his expert assessment is summed up with the data for the groups, and then the arithmetic mean is calculated (Appendix 4).
The average score for all criteria for this aspect of the activities of a preschool institution for certification must be no lower than 1.5, and the average scores (coefficients) for each area of child development (speech, music, physical, etc.) must be no lower than 1.2. If the average score for all criteria is below 1.5 or the average score for at least one area of child development is below 1.2, the necessary improvements must be made to qualify for repeated self-certification.
Self-examination on personnel, logistics, management and management of a preschool institution, medical and social conditions in a kindergarten is carried out by the head of the institution. The criteria for expert assessments on these aspects of the activities of a preschool institution are presented in sections 2-4 of Appendix 1 to Order No. 448 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. These criteria are assessed using a two-point system: “yes”, “no” (if necessary, the “Comments” column is filled out).
The assessment of the activities of the kindergarten by parents is carried out through an anonymous survey (Section 5 of Appendix 1 to Order No. 448 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) and completes the stage of self-examination. The final sheet indicates the number of answers “yes” and “no”, “I don’t know” for each of the 10 questions of the questionnaire and the percentage of unfilled questionnaires.
The duration of the self-examination stage is not regulated, but practice shows that it takes from 2 to 4 months, including time for the necessary improvements.
Completing the self-examination stage, the head of the preschool institution must prepare the following package of documents:
· statement;
· a copy of the charter of the preschool institution;
· a copy of the license for educational activities;
· self-examination materials;
· letter of guarantee for payment of costs associated with the certification.
Second stage of certification- expert assessment of the activities of a preschool educational institution by experts of an independent certification commission, which is created by educational authorities for the period of certification. The order specifies its numerical and personnel composition, the timing of certification of this institution. The commission includes a specialist in the field of preschool pedagogy, a psychologist, a physician, representatives of local government and the public. The commission cannot include employees of a preschool institution undergoing certification.
The subject of the examination at this stage of certification is a report on the activities of the kindergarten, compiled by the administration of the preschool institution based on the results of the self-examination, as well as all aspects of the institution’s activities.
Expert assessment technology involves examination of documents and random checks of the report to determine its compliance with the stated criteria. The results of the certification survey of an educational institution by experts should not only ensure a solution to the issue of certification of the institution in accordance with its declared type, but also confirm the legitimacy of claims for a particular type and category.
· analysis of the organization of activities, leadership and management
institution;
· analysis of its results;
· analysis of its conditions.
At the same time, experts pay special attention to the use of modern forms of organizing the educational process, coordination of the activities of educators and specialist teachers, interaction with parents, work planning, implementation of a comprehensive targeted program for the development of a preschool institution, coordination of activities with institutions and organizations for scientific and methodological support of the development of preschool children.
To collect this information, experts use methods of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics: observations, conversations with children, parents and kindergarten staff, studying documentation, results of children’s activities, testing teachers using the “Socio-Psychological Climate” method.
Expert assessment of the results of educational activities is based on identifying the level of physical and mental development of children, including the general psychological readiness of older preschoolers for school. For expert assessment, diagnostic methods and indicators are used that have been tested, confirming their solidity and reliability, which do not require lengthy research.
Mathematical processing of data from expert assessments is advisable using a computer according to the program “Complex automated system for diagnosing educational institutions for the purpose of their certification” (KASDOU “Certification”).
The presence of members of the certification commission in a preschool institution (two days) should not change the work schedule or the usual nature of activities. The work procedure of the commission of experts, the frequency of its meetings, and the decision-making procedure are determined by the commission itself and documented in minutes.
The certification commission issues an opinion containing an assessment of the level of implementation of the requirements by the preschool institution state standard preschool education, as well as compliance with type, type and category. If experts believe that a preschool institution deserves an increased category, the conclusion contains recommendations to the founder on the volume and purpose of additional funding. The conclusion is signed by all members of the certification commission. A member of the commission who has a dissenting opinion may express it in writing.
The conclusion is brought to the attention of the staff of the preschool institution and submitted to the education management body, about
driving certification. An order recognizing a preschool institution as certified (not certified) is issued within two weeks. A positive expert opinion is the basis for obtaining a document on state accreditation. The accreditation certificate must indicate one of the following names: child development center - first category; general developmental kindergarten - second category; compensatory kindergarten - second category; kindergarten for supervision and health improvement - second category; combined type kindergarten - second category; kindergarten - third category.
Based on the results of certification, a preschool institution may be deprived of state accreditation. The conclusion of the certification commission can be appealed in court only in relation to the certification procedure. Re-certification (at the request of a preschool institution) has the right to be carried out no earlier than 12 months from the date of refusal of state accreditation.
LICENSING is the establishment of compliance of the conditions for the educational process offered by an educational institution with state and local requirements in terms of building codes and regulations, sanitary and hygienic standards, health protection of students, pupils and employees of educational institutions, equipment of educational premises, equipment educational process, educational qualification teaching staff and staffing levels.
State ACCREDITATION of a preschool educational institution includes an examination of the educational programs it implements at the appropriate level and focus, as well as the performance indicators of such an educational institution, necessary to determine its type and category.
The content and methods of the experts’ activities in each case are determined by the specifics of the preschool educational institution’s examination, the characteristics of a particular educational institution, requests from the customer, and the readiness of all participants in the expert situation for productive interaction. According to the normative - legal acts during the examination process, the activities of preschool educational institutions are examined and assessed for compliance with state educational standards, and the examination process itself includes two stages: two stages: the first stage is self-analysis; the second is the work of the expert commission. The system of criteria for a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the activities of preschool educational institutions concerns the content and methods of education and training implemented in preschool educational institutions; staffing pedagogical process; organization of activities; material, technical, medical and social conditions of children’s stay in preschool educational institutions.
The specific requirements for the activities of preschool educational institutions are determined by the goals of preschool education, enshrined in state educational standards as recognition of its intrinsic value preschool age, its role in personality development and influences the content and choice of research methods. Distinctive feature examination of preschool educational institutions is that the object of research and evaluation is the activities of teaching staff to create psychological and pedagogical conditions for the upbringing and education of children. The level of readiness of the child for school, his knowledge, abilities, skills, level personal development not diagnosed. Knowledge at this age is a means of ensuring the desired direction and level of development of the child, and not an end in itself of the educational process. This determines the features of the examination of the activities of preschool educational institutions.
The examination is carried out by a special commission, which, as a rule, includes external experts from methodological, psychological and sociological services, educational authorities, scientific organizations, etc.
The timing, form (place and organizational conditions) of the examination and its duration, as well as technologies and criteria are determined by the educational authority organizing the examination.
In order to establish compliance of the content, level and quality of education and upbringing in a preschool educational institution with the requirements of the state educational standard for preschool education, the commission, while working in a preschool educational institution, studies and analyzes the content and methods of upbringing and teaching:
Programs and pedagogical technologies;
Interaction of participants in the pedagogical process;
Maximum load on children in organized forms of education.
At the start of the examination, the head of the educational institution prepares:
1) Originals of main documents: statutory documents; documents confirming the right to use the building and site; licenses; passport of readiness for the new academic year; act of measuring insulation resistance; acts of SEN, GPN; labor protection documentation; curricula (including for additional education);
2) Book of records and movements of teaching staff (personal files of teachers).
The commission carries out an examination of implemented educational programs of the appropriate level and focus, as well as the performance indicators of the preschool educational institution necessary to determine its type and category. Particular attention during the examination is paid to issues that can directly affect the quality of education in a preschool institution:
The quality of the charter, local acts, educational program, their compliance with legal requirements (including in terms of respecting the rights of participants in the educational process), the type of preschool educational institution, the focus of the declared educational program;
Organization of activities, ensuring stable functioning of the preschool educational institution, implementation of current and strategic plans, taking into account the direction of the declared educational program in planning, in control and analytical activities;
Methodological support of the educational process, the volume of available educational and methodological complexes;
Compliance with staffing, material, technical and medical-social conditions, the level and focus of the educational program, and the performance indicators of the preschool educational institution;
Creating conditions for maximum satisfaction of parents’ requests for the upbringing and education of preschool children.
The main methods of examination are the following: studying the submitted materials of self-analysis of the activities of a preschool educational institution, normative legal documentation; analysis of program, educational, methodological and personnel support of the stated focus of the educational program; observation; research of the subject-development environment, as well as conditions that ensure maximum satisfaction of the requests of parents of pupils; analysis of planning, diagnostic results, etc.
All members of the commission make a generalized assessment in several areas being assessed: the level of implementation of the educational program of the relevant focus, the level of organization of the subject development environment of the preschool educational institution, taking into account the stated focus of the educational program, the nature of the interaction of teachers with children.
Based on the results of the examination, members of the commission draw up expert opinions. Based on expert opinions and information about the preschool institution based on performance indicators, the state accreditation commission draws conclusions:
On the level and focus of the educational program being implemented;
On the compliance of the activities of preschool educational institutions with indicators by type, type and category.
If necessary, the state accreditation commission provides additional recommendations for improving the educational process in preschool educational institutions.
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