For over four years now. A resident of Cherkessk has been trying for more than four years to prove the guilt of doctors in the death of her son

Russia for more than four years

work is underway to create

conditions for the implementation

securitization of financial

assets. What is

the need to make changes to

legislation? Why such changes

Tuktarov Yu.E. encounter resistance?

Partner Legal Capital Partners

We live in an era when the main asset

SECURITIZATION: participants of civil turnover become

contractual monetary claims. One of BETWEEN DOGMA AND the largest specialists in this field of financing, S. Bazinas, writes that the growing REALITY segment of world money is currently "closed" in monetary claims (issued housing, consumer, automobile and other loans;

[The original article was published in the corporate, municipal, state publication "Corporate Lawyer", No. 7 for bond issues; debt for 2006] delivered goods, rendered services and performed works; forthcoming payments for the use of inventions, works, trademarks - all this is future money that now exists in the form of claims. - Approx. ed.). Securitization allows you to turn future money (claims) into real money in the present. The decision to simplify the assignment of monetary claims was made taking into account the fact that economic growth is now possible only if this asset is freed from unnecessary restrictions, otherwise huge volumes Money, "closed" in the rights of claim, become "dead capital", which can in no way be used in the economy2.

In many legal systems, the assignment of both future monetary claims and a set of non-individualized claims is null and void. This is based on the principle of specialty3 recognized in the doctrine of civil law, according to which one cannot dispose of what cannot be individualized: one can only dispose of a specific car, and not a car in general. This principle, developed first in the field of property law and property law, was subsequently extended to the rights of claim. Its operation in practice has two important consequences. First, since the claim does not pass at the moment the assignment agreement is concluded, then there is a need for another special agreement directly aimed at the transfer of the claim (the so-called assignment act). Secondly, since the assignment agreement gives rise only to the assignor's obligation after the emergence of demands to assign them, the position of the acquirer from the moment such an agreement is concluded until the relevant act is performed remains uncertain (if the seller refuses the assignment, then the buyer has the right to demand only the recovery of damages from him) .

See: Schwarcz S.L. Towards a Centralized Perfection System for Cross-Border Receivables Financing // 20 U. Pa. J. Int., 1999. P.

See: Bazinas S.V. An International Legal Regime for Receivables Financing: UNCITRAL "s Contribution // 8 Duke J. Comp. & Int" l L. 315 (Spring, 1998).

See, for example: Zom R. Institutions: A Textbook on the History and Systems of Roman Civil Law. SPb., 1910. S. 46;

Enneczerus L. The course of German civil law. T. 1. Polutom 2. M., 1950. S. 128; Venkshtern M. Fundamentals of property law // Problems of civil and entrepreneurial law in Germany. M., 2001. S. 172.

The mentioned restrictions foreign literature considered as factors that significantly increase the cost of obtaining financing.

B. Markell writes that the costs associated with the individualization of a requirement from the moment it arises can lead to a significant increase total costs to receive a loan. In this case, the amount of administrative work that is necessary to ensure the validity of the transfer increases. This can be detrimental to credit, as the parties to the transaction would have to enter into a new agreement every time a claim (collection of claims) arises4. In general, such inconveniences always negatively affect the attractiveness of contractual monetary claims for use as security for the performance of loan obligations.

International acts recent years such as the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in international trade 2001 (Clause 1, Article 8, hereinafter referred to as the UN Convention), UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts 2003 (Articles 9.1.5 and 9.1.6, hereinafter referred to as the UNIDROIT Principles), Principles of European Contract Law 2004 (Art. 11:102, hereinafter referred to as the European Principles), provide a mechanism for resolving the problem of assignment of future and non-individualized claims. They establish the possibility of assignment of such claims, if at the time of their occurrence they can be defined (individualized) as claims in respect of which the assignment was made. It is noteworthy that in the official comments on these acts, first of all, arguments of an economic nature are heard. Thus, the explanatory note to the UN Convention clarifies that the approach of the Convention can be better understood in terms of the goals it pursues, namely, to ensure that monetary claims are used to obtain financing that enriches the entire economy as a whole. The ability to use monetary claims, for example as collateral for the repayment of credit funds, increases the chances of each organization to obtain a loan on more favorable terms, in other words, increases the availability of credit. In such a situation, the assignor will be able to increase the volume of his business. At the same time, this leads to better conditions for buyers/debtors who will then have the opportunity to buy more goods or services, which is likely to have a beneficial effect on all international trade.

Similar arguments are contained in the European Principles: “The commercial importance of using monetary claims to obtain funds, and the practical impossibility of complying with the requirement that the right of claim be determined individually or determinable at the time of assignment, has led to the widespread acceptance of assignments of future claims without the need for the assignor to make any or a new act of transfer after the claim has arisen.

The abolition of restrictions on the assignment of future and non-individualized claims did not remain without a justified dogmatic interpretation. For example, the European Principles state that, although claims cannot pass to the assignee until they have arisen, but once they have been created, the assignment takes effect from the moment the assignment agreement is concluded. Reverse force, enshrined in paragraph 2 of Art. 11:401, refers primarily to disputes over priorities, but may also be of independent importance in determining whether an assignment is paid or unpaid, since the value given after the assignment and before the demand arises constitutes a new value that is not equal to the previous one6.

IN Russian law there were many problems with the assignment of claims. In order to create conditions for effective securitization, it is extremely important to reduce the costs that arise in its implementation. The example of the assignment of claims shows that in order to achieve this goal, Markell B.A. UNCITRAL's Receivables Convention: The First Step, But not The Last// 12 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law. 2002. P. 402.

Principles of European Contract Law. Oxford, 2003. P. 123.

Article 9.1.

5 of the UNIDROIT Principles is accompanied by the following comments: "This article provides that between the assignor and the assignee the assignment of a future claim has retrospective effect" to apply special legal techniques, in particular to use such a legal fiction as the retrospective effect of the assignment.

Reorganization and Liquidation of an Entity Created for Securitization According to popular belief, a corporation is created primarily to bring profit to its members, so corporate law ensures their priority7. Many researchers justify this statement by the thesis that the participants are the actual "owners" of the corporation. For example, A. Berl and G. Means call shareholders "owners" and draw attention to the fact that corporate governance should be focused on problems arising from the separation of ownership and control8.

Confirmation of the priority of interests of corporation participants in Russian legislation can be seen in securing their right to reorganize or liquidate the corporation. For example, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides that the reorganization legal entity(merger, accession, division, separation, transformation) can be carried out by decision of its founders (participants) or a body of a legal entity authorized to do so by constituent documents (clause 1 of article 57). In paragraph 2 of Art.

61 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation contains a similar provision, but regarding liquidation: "A legal entity may be liquidated by decision of its founders (participants) or a body of a legal entity authorized to do so by constituent documents." For the participants (founders), as well as for the owners of general rule complete freedom to "dispose" (by reorganization or liquidation) of the corporation they own is secured. G. Hansmann and R. Kraakman believe that corporate law is mainly devoted to protecting the property of investors - participants (founders) of a legal entity9.

We observe a completely different logic in the case of an organization specialized for the purposes of securitization - a special legal entity (Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV). As a rule, the "owners" of such organizations are limited by securitization legislation in exercising their right to reorganize or liquidate them, which has obvious economic reasons. It is necessary to protect SPV creditors (owners of Asset Backed Securities, ABS) from those adverse consequences, including the risk early repayment securities (ABS) that arise in connection with the reorganization and liquidation of their issuer (SPV). Removal of such risks naturally increases the value of ABS. Legislation in this case acts as a tool to improve the quality of securities issued in the course of securitization. As a result, the "owner" of a pool of financial assets (initiator) using securitization can expect to receive a larger amount of money (premium) from stock market investors, including due to the absence of risks inherent in securities of ordinary corporations. Even if corporate law considers the rule on the possibility of reorganization (liquidation) as dispositive (implemented by agreement of the "owners"), the principle of freedom of contract will still allow these persons to make changes to the constituent documents, which may lead to deception of investors' expectations regarding the stability of the SPV . Thus, it is the legislation that should fix the restriction of the right of participants (founders) to reorganization and liquidation.

From the point of view of the current corporate legislation and its logic, in this case, the improvement in the quality of securities occurs due to a violation of the priority principle See: Hansmann H., Kraakman R. What is Corporate Law? The Anatomy of Corporate Law: A Comparative and Functional Approach. 2004. P. 2. For a review of this book, see: Corporate Lawyer. 2006. N 2. S. 59.

Berle A.A., Means G. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. 1932.

Hansmann H., Kraakman R. Ibid Ref. 8. P. 14.

"owners" of the corporation (who "spawned" it, and therefore can claim to give them the right to change it or "kill it"). In this case, the initiative of the "owners" is sacrificed for the safety of investors. Thus, the legislator offers, although atypical, but a simple and effective way to protect investors, for which the latter are forced to pay extra, which makes securitization even more profitable.

The Federal Law of November 11, 2003 "On Mortgage Securities" (hereinafter - the Law on Mortgage Securities) does not contain restrictions on the reorganization and liquidation of mortgage agents, which significantly reduces the attractiveness of mortgage-backed bonds.

This Law establishes a number of other features of a mortgage agent: such an organization cannot have a staff, and the powers of its sole executive body must be transferred to commercial organization. These restrictions are actually aimed at excluding, in the event of bankruptcy, for bankruptcy creditors the possibility of obtaining an advantage over the owners of mortgage-backed bonds - first priority creditors, which include citizens with claims for payment of wages and compensation for harm caused (Federal Law of October 26, 2002 "On insolvency (bankruptcy)"). Such norms are not typical for foreign legal orders, since the right of pledge there most often provides an advantage for secured creditors over all other creditors of a legal entity. When developing a law on securitization, it is necessary to provide for a rule on limiting the rights of participants to reorganize and liquidate a legal entity that is a special legal entity (SPV).

Disposable nature of SPV

) considered the issue of mortgage-backed bonds as a systematic activity of a mortgage agent and therefore did not limit the number of issues of such bonds in any way. Meanwhile, in world practice, it is recognized that the creation of a mortgage agent for multiple issuance of mortgage-backed bonds has significant drawbacks. For example, the risks of poor-quality mortgage-backed bond issues may reduce the benefits of quality issues; failure to perform on one of the bond issues may lead to a breach of obligations on others; an increase in the operational burden on the issuer increases the level of risks associated with its activities.

In addition, when a mortgage agent is created to issue an unlimited number of issues of mortgage-backed bonds, market costs increase significantly, the costs of collecting information on the previous performance of obligations by such an agent, on the status of issues of bonds in circulation, as well as on bonds planned for placement .

The Law on Mortgage Securities does not exclude the possibility of creating a mortgage agent to issue one issue of mortgage-backed bonds, for which an appropriate indication must be made in its constituent documents. The disadvantage of this provision is that the constituent documents can be changed by the shareholders of the mortgage agent at their discretion.

In the new edition of the Law on Mortgage Securities (dated December 29, 2004), the legislator provided that if a mortgage agent is indicated in the constituent documents about its creation for the issue of one issue of bonds with mortgage coverage (several issues of bonds secured by one mortgage coverage), such a provision cannot be changed; after the fulfillment of obligations under mortgage-backed bonds, such a mortgage agent is subject to liquidation (paragraph 6, clause 1, article 8 of the Law on Mortgage Securities).

Securities issued in securitizationDisclosure

Securities settled with funds from a segregated pool of contractual cash claims (ABS) differ markedly from conventional securities. Payments under ABS are primarily dependent on cash flow, which is generated by a pool of qualifying claims, as well as guarantees or other means of securing performance of obligations, referred to as credit collateral. For this type of securities, there is no need to characterize entrepreneurial activity, since the issuer does not maintain it in this case. In the case of ABS, the most important information for investors is: a description of the structure of the securitization transaction and the quality of the pool of contractual monetary claims (statistics on debtors, monetary obligations), as well as information about the experience and role of various participants in the securitization, including the initiator, service agent, depository, management company and persons providing security. Disclosure rules in this area should be designed to ensure that investors receive the useful information they need in these areas. Thus, the current disclosure rules relating to corporate securities, as a rule, do not provide for the disclosure of the information that investors need for securities issued in the course of securitization.

Tranching of securities

Securities whose settlement depends on the cash flow from a separate pool of contractual claims have another important feature: they are usually divided into classes in order to manage the risks that are inherent in the pool of contractual monetary claims (early repayment, delay or non-performance by the debtor of his obligation). Such risks are removed from one class of securities and transferred to others. Often, different terms and (or) the sequence of fulfillment of obligations under securities are used for this. At the same time, the classes of securities are divided into high-quality (preferred) and lower-quality (absorbent) ones.

The seemingly simple issue of risk management through the subordination of securities classes poses complex problems that lawyers in many countries are racking their brains over. For example, Professor H. Verhagen notes that only the use of a trust in English law made it possible to "create a large number of different tranches of securities"10. American professor D. Langbein also writes about this: "Persons planning a property securitization deal bypass the restrictions on traditional classes of corporate shares by using the opportunity to freely construct the rights of beneficiaries under a trust. They manipulate the trust to create a dizzying field of so-called tranches, each embodying a different class of rights under the trust."11

IN Russian law on Mortgage Securities (as amended on November 11, 2003), an attempt was made to secure the possibility of structuring mortgage-backed bonds. In paragraph 2 of Art. 11 provided that mortgage coverage could be pledged to secure the fulfillment of obligations under bonds of two or more issues. However, the possibility of structuring such bonds was not fully provided by this norm. The point is that according to Art. 816 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a bond certifies the right to receive its face value or other property equivalent within the period specified in the bond. Taking into account this norm, within the framework of domestic law, several issues of bonds with one mortgage coverage and successive Verhagen H.L.E. could be issued. Trusts in the Civil Law: Making Use of Experience of "Mixed" Jurisdictions // European Review of Private Law.

2000 Vol. 8. No. 3. P. 481.

Langbein J.H. The Contractarian Basis of the Law of Trusts // Yale Law Journal. 1995 Vol. 105. N 3. P. 105.

due date (from one issue to another). However, this situation does not create any obstacles to the execution of bonds with a later maturity, with a detriment to bonds with more early term, and therefore does not provide a ranking of releases.

Another thing is the establishment of the order of execution for bond issues secured by one mortgage collateral. In this case, there is a real advantage of one issue over another, since until the bonds of one issue are fully redeemed, it is impossible to start fulfilling obligations on another. The Law on Mortgage-backed Securities (as amended on December 29, 2004) provided that "in the event of the issue of bonds with one mortgage coverage of two or more issues, their issuer has the right to establish the sequence of fulfillment of obligations under bonds with mortgage coverage" (paragraph 2 of part 2 verse 11).

Unlike mortgage-backed bonds, the issue of structuring mortgage participation certificates is completely bypassed by the current legislation. The allocation of classes of participation certificates is also aimed at providing advantages in one class at the expense of others.

Is it legitimate to provide for such a hierarchy within the framework of common property? World practice universally recognizes the possibility of issuing certificates of participation in relation to one pool of financial assets (in our case, "mortgage coverage"), in a single set of which several classes are distinguished, some conditions for which are different. Such conditions, in particular, include: the term for making payments for this class of participation certificates and the sequence of fulfillment of obligations for the classes of this set of participation certificates.

Example 1. Two classes of certificates can be issued under one mortgage coverage: the first is redeemed within the first five years, and the second - within the next five years.

Due to the risk of early repayment, it is likely that second class income in the form of interest on mortgage loans will be low, while the first class will receive a maximum.

Example 2. Also two classes, but between them the order of distribution of funds is established.

All certificate holders are the owners of the coverage, but payments for certificates of the second class are made only after the payment of funds for the first. In this case, the second class is the risk of default on mortgage loans.

Holders of participation certificates are recognized as co-owners of the mortgage coverage and are therefore subject to the common ownership provisions. To determine the applicable norms of Ch. 16 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation "Common Property" it is necessary to keep in mind the following.

Firstly, the funds received under the mortgage coverage are included in the mortgage coverage and are in the shared ownership of the participation certificate holders. Secondly, the allocation of classes of participation certificates is based on the introduction various conditions to distribute funds among the holders of such certificates.

In the process of distribution among the holders of participation certificates of funds that are in mortgage coverage, from a legal point of view, the common ownership of these funds is terminated and individual ownership arises for everyone to whom they were paid.

In terms of the relevant provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, we are talking about such a method of terminating common property as "separation of property that is in shared ownership" (Article 252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Meanwhile, in Art. 252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes the principle of freedom in relation to making a decision on the division of property that is in shared ownership: property can be divided between the participants "by agreement between them." And this implies that the participants can independently determine the term and (or) the sequence of this division. This possibility also follows from paragraph 2 of Art. 209 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, according to which the owner of property has the right, at his own discretion, to carry out any actions in relation to property, including alienating his property into the ownership of other persons.

We believe that the provision in the Law on Mortgage Securities of the possibility of dividing participation certificates into classes with different terms and (or) the sequence of payment of funds does not contradict the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and is consistent with the provision of Art. 209, 252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The above examples show that securitization is indeed based on a special logic of legal regulation, which differs markedly from that which is usually demonstrated by a modern legislator. The needs of organizations for more efficient way refinancing of their financial assets, on the one hand, and the needs of the financial market for new investment instruments, on the other, force legislators different countries to consolidate the institution of securitization. The description proposed in this article of the contradictions arising in connection with this between dogma and reality will make this process more conscious.

Doctors continue to work in their places

Cherkessk, November 17. Alla Rusakova, a resident of Cherkessk, has been seeking a fair investigation into the death of her son in a city hospital for more than four years. Not months have passed since the tragedy, but years, and all this time the doctors who are accused in the case of the death of a young man are working in their places, but no verdict has been issued against them. The woman is sure that this is no coincidence, and there is only one goal - to tighten trial and not let the doctors answer for their mistake, which cost the life of a young man.

“The case has been in court for more than a year,” notes Alla Rusakova. “I think that they just want to close it, not to give it a go.”

The tragedy that forever changed the life of a resident of Cherkessk occurred in January 2013. Her 30-year-old son died after being treated by the doctors of the city hospital of Cherkessk. Alla Rusakova herself became an invalid of the third group. All the years that have passed since that terrible day, the woman is trying to prove that the death of her son was not an accident, but the result of the negligence of doctors. She demands that action be taken against those hospital workers who, in her opinion, are guilty of what happened.

The investigation of the criminal case against doctors, who, according to a resident of Cherkessk, are guilty of the death of her son, was completed a year ago. The suspect was treated by a pulmonologist and the head of the pulmonology department of the city hospital, as well as an anesthesiologist-resuscitator and the head of the anesthesiology-resuscitation department. Now the case is being considered by the court. However, despite the fact that the doctors are in the dock, they continue to work in the same hospital. The woman does not understand how this is possible, because they can make the same unforgivable mistakes as with her son.

“They continue to work, endanger the lives of other people. They are not fired, despite the fact that the examination showed a bunch of violations that they committed, - says Alla Rusakova. “What other violations had to be committed to get them fired?”

The woman points to the conclusions that were made by the experts. Specialists of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation back in December 2015 indicated that at all stages of the provision of medical care shortcomings were made to the young man, including when the condition of a resident of Cherkessk became so serious that it was decided to hospitalize him.

“At this stage of medical care, there were the following shortcomings:

1) The examination at admission was not carried out in full.

2) The subsequent examination and treatment were incomplete and not adequate to the patient's condition,” the experts clearly point out, after which they list a number of violations committed by doctors. So, according to experts, although the man was taken to the hospital by ambulance on January 21, but before 8.30 next day no dynamic follow-up of his condition was carried out, despite the fact that he "had signs of respiratory failure and hyperthermia." For seven days, even after the man was placed in intensive care, according to the expert opinion, “an ineffective antibacterial drug was used,” while “timely correction of antibiotic therapy was not carried out.”

But the most important thing, and the experts point to this in their conclusions, was “untimely transfer of T. to the intensive care unit - only at 20.50 on January 22, 2013 (the transfer should have been carried out already at 9 am on January 22, after the appearance of signs of cardiovascular insufficiency". The whole day, until late in the evening, as can be understood from the expert's conclusion, the doctors were in no hurry to transfer the patient to intensive care, although they had all the necessary reasons for this.

Then, having already been in intensive care, as the same experts note, the man again was not provided with all the necessary assistance.

“The examination and treatment in the intensive care unit were incomplete and did not correspond to T.'s condition,” the report says.

"The listed shortcomings in the provision of medical care (at all stages) adversely affected the course of the underlying disease, its complications and contributed to the death of T.", - such is the conclusion of the experts.

A resident of Cherkessk believes that these reasons are more than enough to fire doctors. In the meantime, she managed to achieve only one thing - the diplomas of the head of the pulmonology department were canceled. But the woman believes that this is not enough, and doctors should be fired.

“What facts should still be substantiated for the leadership of the hospital, the city health department of the municipality of Cherkessk and the Ministry of Health for the KChR? Who is responsible that such violations will not lead to the next crime against other patients who have applied to the City Hospital?” - asks Alla Rusakova.

The woman believes that the trial of her son's case is being delayed for hidden reasons, and is seriously afraid that the court will not take into account the conclusions of the experts, which, in her opinion, are unambiguous. The woman admits that all this time attempts to achieve justice are given to her very hard.

“Four years and ten months have passed since the death of my son. They've been destroying and torturing me all this time. They want me to shut up and be silent,” says Alla Rusakova. She demands a fair trial in the case of the death of her son and assures that she will not remain silent in any case. And he will fight until he achieves justice.

For more than four decades, the film "White Sun of the Desert" has firmly held its position among national hits. This is one of the most famous films in the history of Soviet cinema, which tells about the adventures of the Red Army soldier Fyodor Sukhov, who saves his harem from the bandit Abdullah in the years civil war. The film was shot in 1969 at the Experimental Creative Film Studio (ETK), created on the production base of the Mosfilm and Lenfilm studios, which was directed by film director Grigory Chukhrai.

At first, the film, based on the script by Valentin Yezhov and the then-novice screenwriter Rustam Ibragimbekov, was supposed to be directed by Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky, who, seeing nothing in the script but an adventure intrigue, refused to stage it.

After such directors as Vytautas Zhalakyavichus, Yury Chulyukin, Andrey Tarkovsky refused the offer to make the film, the offer was made to Vladimir Motyl, known by that time for the film Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha.

Motyl also initially refused, but Grigory Chukhrai and Valentin Yezhov managed to persuade him, promising him complete freedom of action on the set.

On December 14, 1969, a limited premiere of the film was held at the Leningrad Cinema House for the creators and management. The premiere on the wide screen in Moscow took place on March 30, 1970. The audience immediately accepted and fell in love with Vladimir Motyl's film.

The studio was inundated with letters demanding a sequel, the film was shown in all corners of the country, was sold immediately to a hundred countries, then the contracts were renewed every two or three years. The film has become cinematic folklore. Many statements of the heroes of the tape migrated into colloquial speech, they were turned into proverbs and sayings: “I don’t take bribes, it’s a shame for my state!”, “The East is a delicate matter”, “Gyulchatay, open your face”, “He appointed me his beloved wife! "," Shot.

But the real connoisseurs of it were Soviet and Russian cosmonauts, for whom watching the "White Sun of the Desert" in the evening before the launch has become a tradition. There is even a cassette with the film on board the International Space Station.

Pavel Vereshchagin has become a symbol of the customs service in Russia. In 2007, near the customs office in Kurgan and Amvrosievka ( Donetsk region) a monument was erected to him, made at the personal expense of customs officers. This is the only sculptural composition in the Russian Federation today dedicated to the image of Pavel Vereshchagin.

The role of Vereshchagin was the best and, unfortunately, the last role of Pavel Luspekaev, who died a month after the premiere of the film.

Immediately after the release on the screens of the USSR, the picture was nominated for the USSR State Prize, but in Soviet time The film was never awarded any official awards. And only in 1998 he was awarded the State Prize of Russia.

In December 1999, according to the results of a survey dedicated to the centenary of Russian cinema, the film "White Sun of the Desert" was selected for the "Last Show of the Millennium" action.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

HIPPOTHERAPY AS A CHANCE FOR RECOVERY

The horse is one of the symbols of kindness, freedom and fortitude. Imagine this picture: a field along which a stallion runs, cutting open spaces. The view alone is breathtaking. And to be a part of this process is a real pleasure.

Adults squeal with delight when they first sit on a horse. And what can we say about children, and even more so "special" boys and girls. What flurry of emotions does a child with developmental disabilities experience when he is in the saddle? He does not know how to walk, but he sits on a horse himself and is unreasonably happy from this!

It has been proven that contact with horses has a positive effect on human health. Hippotherapy is one of the most effective methods of treating animals through horses. It is aimed at fighting many diseases.

This direction has been successfully developing in the Oryol region for more than four years. On the basis of the Orlovsky Horse Yard "Vyazki", the Children's Rehabilitation Equestrian Center "Boni Club" was created and is successfully operating. The hippotherapy section is visited by boys, girls and even adults with diseases such as cerebral palsy, various disorders of the musculoskeletal system, as well as autism.

Some call hippotherapy therapeutic riding. Indeed, the main effect is achieved precisely through exercises performed on a horse. However, it cannot be said that these two concepts are absolutely identical. After all important condition for healing is not only riding, but also just communicating with a horse, caring for it, - said trainer Alla Kameneva. - Our pupils visit the section 2 - 3 times a week. We use A complex approach: a person warms up and develops muscles while riding a horse, gets a crazy boost of energy and just great pleasure from communicating with this animal.

GOLD AND SILVER AT ALL-RUSSIAN COMPETITIONS

The results of such classes have not only a therapeutic effect. The Oryol guys, under the guidance of their mentors, went further and became real athletes. Para-Olympic Equestrianism is the newest discipline of the International Equestrian Federation. Paralympic dressage is currently the only para-equestrian event included in the Paralympic program.

Who knows, probably very soon among the participants, and possibly the winners, will be the pupils of the "Boni Club". In any case, both the athletes themselves and their coaches have such hopes.

Having noticed good results from hippotherapy, we decided that our guys can go further and engage in equestrian sports. Our hopes were justified. For the first time in the history of the region, two of our pupils became participants in the Open Traditional Moscow Equestrian Cup named after P. Gurvich, - said trainer Maria Semenikhina.

More than 30 athletes from the regions of Russia took part in the competition. Despite the serious competition and the fact that the Oryol participants had to rent horses (the cost of transportation is too high), our fellow countrymen performed brilliantly.

Nine-year-old Valeria Ritarovskaya won a gold medal in her debut competition.

I didn't believe it until the very end when I heard my name. The opponents were so strong, and in age they are all older than me. I am grateful to my coach - this is our common victory, - Valeria shared her impressions.

The girl now cannot imagine her life without horses. She has been studying at the Oryol "Boni Club", located in the village of Vyazki, for three years now.

It all started with hippotherapy, which became a real salvation for us. In a short time, my daughter got rid of the hyperactivity syndrome, became more diligent and attentive. And the horses made her character soft and docile. Nobody expected that therapy would also become a sport in which our girl, I hope, will achieve even greater success, - said the mother of the athlete Ella Koktysh.

An excellent result was shown by another Oryol athlete. 28-year-old Ekaterina Eliseeva received a silver medal at competitions in Moscow.

PRESIDENTIAL GRANT

Very soon, the Oryol athletes with handicapped health will have the opportunity to speak at their site. For the first time, Paralympic equestrian competitions will be held on the basis of the Vyazki horse yard using a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for development civil society provided by the Presidential Grants Foundation.

On August 30 - 31, we will hold competitions for children with disabilities. Athletes will be able to take part in them not only from the Oryol region, but also from neighboring regions. Prizes await the winners. And of course, it will be a real equestrian holiday with demonstration performances and thematic quizzes. So we are waiting for everyone to visit, - said Maria Semenikhina.

The date for the competition was not chosen by chance. August 31 is the day of memory of Flor and Laurus, who have long been revered in Rus' as the patrons of domestic animals, especially horses. On this day, the equestrian holiday was traditionally celebrated, the horses were not used for work, they were bathed and fed "in full". Come on August 30 and 31 to the Vyazki horse yard, you will definitely like it.

Club address: Oryol region, Oryol district, Vyazki village.

Working hours: from 10.00 to 20.00, day off - Monday. Tel.: 8-910-267-87-08, 8-920-810-89-35.

THIS IS INTERESTING

It is known that during the wars they were treated with horses. Having been injured in battle, they accelerated rehabilitation by riding a horse and, I must say, achieved success.

Thanks to the Presidential Grants Fund, competitions for children with disabilities will be held very soon.

Hippotherapy is extremely useful for rude, quick-tempered and aggressive, as well as fussy and overly mobile people. Regular hippotherapy sessions make them more calm. In addition, therapeutic horse riding is recommended for diseases of neurological etiology, in particular Down syndrome, autism, Duchenne myopathy, poliomyelitis, sensory disorders, asthenic neurosis, etc.

People with autism who are overly self-absorbed and withdrawn, communicating with kind and trusting horses, are liberated on an emotional level and begin to feel a desire to communicate with others. This reduces lethargy, anxiety, relieves phobias, helps to adapt to reality.

The program "Half an hour retro". Its author and permanent leader is Sergey TIKHONIN, a resident of the city of Kayerkan. Today, his colorful mustachioed face is recognized in the city by very, very many.
Sergey Fedorovich has truly unique knowledge in the field Soviet stage 60-80s. It is interesting that they were acquired by him not only because of his natural curiosity and the opportunity to receive a wide variety of information at the place of work of his wife Olga (she works in one of the Kayerkan libraries), but also due to the fact that Tikhonin himself, in the seventies studying at the St. Petersburg GITMIK ( State Institute theatrical skills and culture), very actively collaborated with many of the most famous then VIA. The warmest and friendly relations developed with him with the team of the ensemble "Kalinka". Sergei is also personally acquainted with other St. Petersburg and Moscow musicians of the "major league" of past years, including Edita Piekha, Eduard Khil, Irina Ponarovskaya and many others. But, as they say, knowing is not enough, you also need to love. Sergei Tikhonin selflessly loves the songs of the time that is moving farther and farther away from us. He loves and helps others to love them. Today, songs of the 60-80s are heard on a variety of television and radio broadcasts. Konstantin Ernst made three two-hour films of "old songs about the main thing" for ORT. Dipping into retro music has become fashionable among the electronic media. Perhaps the new owners of TV channels and radio stations are simply nostalgic for the dollar for 63 kopecks. Or record company owners look back longingly at the years when the "black roger" of rampant piracy did not hover proudly over the music market. And, perhaps, it is the history of mankind that develops, as has already been proven, in a spiral ... True, there is one "but". For some reason, all the songs of the carefree pioneer years are sung today, to put it mildly, in a rather free arrangement. In fashionable arrangements, in endless electronic bells and whistles, in the weak vocals of contemporaries and contemporaries, one can hardly guess the lyrical mood that the listener would like to tune in to. Tikhonin treats this aspect very, very carefully. He, with the help of his friends Alexei Prokhorov and Sergei Kuzmin, more than once or twice restored the original sound from gramophone records worn almost to holes, from tapes that were crumbling to transparency. The sound in his transmissions, or speaking modern language, soundtracks of programs - this is perhaps the main achievement. It is a pity that no one has yet become interested in the work of the guys and has not begun to produce the fruits of their labors with excellent quality ... * * * I was lucky to help Sergei in the preparation, filming, editing and airing of the very first programs of "Half an hour retro". It happened late autumn 1994 on the night air of the Youth Channel on SKTV Channel-7. The very first release included the songs "Farewell to Bratsk", "On the dusty paths of distant planets ...", "Carabella" ... Sergey suggested then an unexpected move - to recruit not a video, but a photo sequence for the song, since the photographs on the covers of the records , in Melodiya magazines, books and other sources, unlike video materials, more or less was enough. It was only later that Sergey and his assistants began to mount entire clips from films of past years on songs. TV viewers also helped, who began to send not only disks and tape recordings, but also, which is generally priceless, video materials. With each release, the program has become more professional. Tikhonin did not change only one thing: the image he found of a "smart mustachioed head" speaking from the screen in long, most competently constructed phrases about music and musicians. Therefore, you need to listen to it at least in order to learn how to speak in front of a large crowd of people. Although some believe that "Fedorych is too boring and talks for a long time." Apparently, these newly-minted music lovers either never listened to Tikhonin carefully, or do not like retro music, or simply envy him. Not so long ago, Tikhonin discovered a whole world of songs from the 30s, 40s and 50s. According to his confession, he simply fell in love with these people, in the spirit of that time. Several Tikhonin programs have already been dedicated to those unforgettable years and performers. Sergey is not going to leave this topic in the future. * * * A month ago, a holiday dedicated to the anniversary - hundredth - issue of "Half an hour of retro" was held in the city center of culture. To be honest, I went to this concert with mixed feelings. On the one hand, I have great respect for Sergei Fedorovich for his asceticism. On the other hand... for some reason I was sure that the live version of "Half an Hour Retro" would be long and boring. The fact is that not everything that we see on TV looks as interesting and dynamic on stage. But the fears turned out to be unfounded. Creative Group GCC and Sergey Tikhonin prepared and spent a wonderful evening, which, despite its length, left in the memory a picture of something very bright, pleasant and festive. The concert was led by Sergey Fedorovich himself, who for the first time in my memory dressed in a tuxedo, and the director of the cultural center, Yuri Fomin, who later admitted that he had not felt such satisfaction from his work for a long time. The masters of the Norilsk stage - Alexander Nagorny, Nikita Kovalenko, Natalya Kirakosyan, Evgeny Shkarupa, Oleg Nikiforov and Evgeny Ilyenkov, performed for the assembled audience, for whom the performance of retro songs for the restaurant public is a daily duty, and they sang them with pleasure from the concert stage . A variety of songs sounded - from "My Clear Star" to "The Cabman's Song", from "Jamaica" to "Mother's Record". The program was attended by guitarist Alexei Zhdanov, author and performer Sergei Naumov, dance quartet Malko, as well as two sons of Tikhonin himself (father of four children!). And in the second part of the audience a surprise awaited. A friend of Sergei Tikhonin, Vladimir Dyadenistov, a former vocalist of VIA "Kalinka", who is now the artistic director of the St. Petersburg Rock Opera Theater, flew in from St. Petersburg especially to participate in the anniversary program. Vladimir sang several songs, and then, dressed in stage costume, performed two arias from Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera "Jesus Christ Super Star" (from the Russian version). Long-forgotten goosebumps crawled up my hardened skin... That unforgettable December holiday was presented to the Norilsk people together with Sergey Tikhonin by the specialists of the city center of culture, the Kayerkan administration, the Liga-Nord, Dom i Office, Yurmala firms, the Maxim trading house ", music stores "Panorama" and "Kaleidoscope", studio "Channel-7", television company "Nago-TV", book salon "Natta-press". * * * The 100th issue has died down, but the program "Half an hour of retro" continues to live on. Tikhonin's works should be looked for in the air grids of "Nago-TV" and "Channel-7". The song remains with the person, the song does not say goodbye to us, for which Sergey bows low. A. ARSENIEV. Photo by the author (with the support of the photo center "Kodak" - Leninsky, 31).