Two-part impersonal sentence. One-part sentences: examples, types
The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.
Two-Part Sentences contain two The main members are the subject and the predicate.
The boy is running; The earth is round.
One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).
Evening; It's getting dark.
Types of one-part sentences
| Principal term expression form | Examples | Correlative constructions two-part sentences |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Sentences with one main member - PREDICATE | ||
| 1.1. Definitely personal proposals | ||
| Predicate verb in the 1st or 2nd person form (there are no past tense or conditional forms, since in these forms the verb has no person). |
I love the storm in early May. |
I I love the storm in early May. |
| 1.2. Vaguely personal proposals | ||
| Verb-predicate in the third person plural form (in the past tense and conditional mood verb-predicate in plural). |
They knock on the door. |
Somebody knocks on the door. |
| 1.3. Generalized personal proposals | ||
| They don't have their own specific shape expressions. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Isolated by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is habitual, repetitive, or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the predicate verb is in the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person). |
You can't take the fish out of the pond without difficulty(definitely personal in form). |
Any ( any) can’t easily take the fish out of the pond. |
| 1.4. Impersonal offer | ||
| 1) Predicate verb in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form). |
A) It's getting light; It was getting light; I'm lucky; |
b) Snow is melting; |
| 2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb. |
A) It's cold outside ; |
a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm cold; |
| 3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb. |
A) To me sorry to leave with you; |
A) I I don't want to leave with you; |
| 4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a short passive participle of the past tense in the singular form, neuter. |
Closed . |
The shop is closed . |
| 5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences). |
No money . |
|
| 6) The predicate no or a verb in the impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences). |
There is not a cloud in the sky. |
The sky is cloudless. |
| 1.5. Infinitive sentences | ||
| The predicate is an independent infinitive. |
Everyone keep quiet! |
Everyone keep quiet. |
| 2. Sentences with one main member - SUBJECT | ||
| Nominative (nominative) sentences | ||
| The subject is a name in the nominative case (there cannot be a circumstance or addition in the sentence that would relate to the predicate). |
Night . |
Usually there are no correlative structures. |
Notes
1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) are monocomponent only when expressing negation. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence will become two-part: the form of the genitive case will change to the form nominative case(cf.: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).
2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There's not a cloud in the sky) is considered part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually treated as an addition.
3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers classify them as impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal sentences in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of active action is noted ( Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea!).
4) Many researchers classify denominative (nominative) sentences as two-part sentences with a zero connective.
Note!
1) In negative impersonal sentences with an object in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a penny) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a penny).
In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).
2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is a statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only when the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate be.
Wed: It was night ; It will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.
3) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain adverbials, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in denominative (nominative) sentences). If a sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (Where?) around the corner; I- (Where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to parse such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.
Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.
4) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions that are correlated with the predicate. If there are such additions in the sentence ( I- (for whom?) For you), then it is more expedient to parse these sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.Wed: I'm walking/following you.
Plan for parsing a one-part sentence
- Determine the type of one-part sentence.
- Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that allow the sentence to be classified specifically as this type of one-part sentence.
Sample parsing
Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).
The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by a verb in the second person imperative mood.
A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).
The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by a verb in the plural past tense.
With a kind word and you will melt the stone(proverb).
The proposal is one-part. The form is definitely personal: predicate melt it expressed by a verb in the second person future tense; in meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the predicate verb refers to any character (cf.: A kind word will melt any stone).
It smelled wonderful of fish.(Kuprin).
The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by a verb in impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter gender).
Soft moonlight(Zastozhny).
The sentence is one-part (nominal). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.
Offer. The grammatical basis of the sentence.
One-part sentences- these are sentences whose grammatical basis consists of one main member of the sentence.
Two-Part Sentences is a type of simple sentence whose grammatical basis consists of a combination of subject and predicate.
One-part sentences with a predicate.
First of all, in the absence of a subject, we determine whether the predicate is expressed in a personal or impersonal form. Let us recall that in Russian verbs change according to persons, the semantics of which is as follows:
1st person– speaker or speaker and others (I, we),
2nd person– interlocutor or interlocutor and others (you, you),
3rd person- persons who do not take part in the conversation are most often those who are being discussed. They may be unknown (he, she, they).
In any personal sentence we can substitute a pronoun, but in an impersonal sentence such a substitution is impossible either in meaning or in the nominative case.
One-part sentences with a subject.
The subjects are nominative (the presence of objects or phenomena is stated).
Trap!
Don't forget that the subject must be in the nominative case!
I can’t sit still (me, although it implies the producer of the action, is not the subject, since it is used in the dative case).
Parsing algorithm.
Break this task down into components:
1) highlight the basics;
2) need to find difficult sentence;
3) from the selected complex ones, it is necessary to choose the one where there is no subject or predicate;
4) start talking about the type of one-component.
Analysis of the task.
Among the sentences, find a complex sentence that includes a one-part sentence - impersonal. Write the number of this offer.
(1) There is a lot of debate about the detective story. (2) They read it even more. (3) One of the topics of debate is whether it is worth reading at all. (4) If they think not, then they say: a detective story is not literature. (5) What is a detective? (6) Already the name of the genre (translated from English.detective- “detective”) says a lot.
In each sentence we highlight the basics:
(1) There is a lot of debate about the detective story. (2) They read it even more. (3) One of the topics of debate is whether it is worth reading at all. (4) If they think not, then they say: a detective story is not literature. (5) What is a detective? (6) Already the name of the genre (translated from English.detective- “detective”) says a lot.
From sentences 1-6, you can immediately remove the first, second and fifth sentences, since they have no punctuation marks, which means they are neither complex nor complicated, as well as the third and sixth sentences, since there is only one stem. This leaves proposition No. 4. We find here the impersonal: the basis No. Don’t forget that no is the former form of not is, where over time the negative particle not and the infinitive is merged into one word!
Practice.
1. Among these sentences, find a complex sentence that includes a one-part impersonal sentence. Write the number of this complex sentence.
(1) On June 10, 1812, Napoleon's army of thousands crossed the Russian border. (2) The invaders were confident of their quick victory. (3) The Russian troops were commanded by Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly, who came from an ancient Scottish family. (4) He knew well about the indestructible power of the French army, he believed that fighting the enemy now would be suicide, so he decided to retreat. (5) He decided to retreat, despite the fact that his honor opposed it, despite the fact that many of his comrades-in-arms reproached him for cowardice.
(6) How difficult it was then for the commander-in-chief, who bore a foreign surname, which gave rise to the most absurd suspicions. (7) There were rumors that he was a traitor, that his relatives served with Napoleon and, they say, it was they who persuaded Barclay to betray.
2. Among sentences 1 – 15, find a complex one in which there are two one-part impersonal sentences. Write the number of this complex sentence.
(1) I recently had the good fortune to meet an old, wise doctor. (2) He often appears in his department on weekends and holidays, not out of emergency, but out of spiritual need. (3) He talks to patients not only about their illness, but also about complex life topics. (4) He knows how to instill hope and cheerfulness in them. (5) Many years of observations showed him that a person who never sympathized with anyone, did not empathize with anyone’s suffering, when faced with his own misfortune, turns out to be unprepared for it. (6) He faces such a test pitiful and helpless. (7) Selfishness, callousness, indifference, heartlessness cruelly avenge themselves. (8) Blind fear. (9) Loneliness. (10) Belated repentance.
(11) One of the most important human feelings is sympathy. (12) And let it not remain just sympathy, but become action. (13) By assistance. (14) One must come to the aid of someone who needs it, who feels bad, although he is silent, without waiting for a call. (15) There is no radio receiver stronger and more sensitive than the human soul.
The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis. Two-part simple sentence- the main structural-semantic type of a simple sentence, which has the most complete set of differential features. (for reference*Differential features of a simple sentence are considered in three main aspects:
The structural aspect of the proposal involves highlighting the following features:
The nature of the articulation/inarticulation of the sentence; - way of expressing the predicative basis;
Prevalence/non-prevalence; - completeness of composition (presence of structurally obligatory main members); - the presence of a complication of the sentence.
The semantic aspect of a sentence involves highlighting the following features:
Function (purpose of the statement) - narrative, interrogative, incentive;
Emotional characteristics (exclamation, neutral); - the nature of predicative relations (affirmative/negative).
The communicative aspect of the proposal involves highlighting the following features:
Actual (topic-rhematic) division; - an information center and a method for updating it (see Textbook edited by E.I. Dibrova, p. 57).
Main featuretwo-part sentence- the presence of two main members - subject and predicate, which denote the subject of speech (subject, bearer of a predicative attribute) and its predicative attribute (action, state). For example, boy runs; The earth is round .
There are limitations in the structure of a two-part sentence:
1) in 2-component infinitive sentences, verbs d/b are coordinated in appearance;
2) if the subject is an infinitive, then the full form of the adjective is not used in the nominative part of the predicate. ( Hunting snakes is dangerous );
3) with a predicate, which is expressed by adverbs like in German, a noun is never used as the subject, but an executor. infinitive ( Is it economical to cross Sorokin off the list? ); instead of the infinitive m/b the pronoun all/ is ( Everything is serious with us )
Two-piece. sentence - a complex object of study.
The lecant divides sentences according to the form of the subject into:
- nominative – subject: the position of the subject in this type is occupied by the name of the noun. in I.p., according to the form of the predicate, it is divided into:
a) nominative - verbal ( The holidays have come to an end );
b) nominative – nominal ( Stepasha looked sick ).
- infinitive – subject: the infinitive as the subject comes in 1st place ( Learning is our task ), according to the form of the predicate, distinguishes:
a) biinfinitive (Lekant calls infinitive-verbal) ( Coming back means admitting your mistakes )
b) infinitive - nominal ( Catch hare hands stupid )
One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate). For example, Evening; It's getting dark. Shakhmatov believes that these sentences are an expression of judgment. This can be seen in his book “Syntax of the Modern Russian Language” (August 1941). In the 70s. one-part proposals are being revised. Zolotova suggests studying at school how 2-components ( To me Cold ), but Babaytseva and Lekant distinguish single-component sentences, and this opinion exists to this day.
Sentences with one-part structure are complete sentences. They do not omit the second term: the second main term is not needed to understand the meaning of the sentence.
From a syntax point of view, a sentence is one of the basic units of language. It is characterized by semantic and intonation completeness and necessarily has a grammatical basis. In Russian, a predicative stem can consist of one or two main members.
The concept of one-part sentences
Types of one-part sentences with examples serve as a visual illustration of the theoretical material in the “Syntax” section of the Russian language.
Syntactic constructions with a base consisting of a subject and a predicate are called two-part. For example: I don't like fatality(V.S. Vysotsky).
Sentences that contain only one of the main members are called one-part sentences. Such phrases have a complete meaning and do not need a second main member. It happens that its presence is simply impossible (in impersonal sentences). IN works of art One-part sentences are very often used, examples from the literature: I melt window glass with my forehead(V.V. Mayakovsky). There is no subject here, but it is easy to restore: “I”. It got a little dark(K.K. Sluchevsky). This sentence does not and cannot have a subject.
In colloquial speech, simple one-part sentences are quite common. Examples of their use prove this: -Where shall we go? - To the cinema.
One-part sentences are divided into types:
1. Nominal (with a basis from the subject).
2. With a predicate at the base:
- personal;
- impersonal.
- But they called all three daughters witches(V.S. Vysotsky) (predicate - past tense verb, plural, indicative).
- And let them say, yes let them say, but no, no one dies in vain(V.S. Vysotsky) (in the role of a predicate - a verb in the present tense, in the 3rd letter and plural).
- They would give me a plot of six acres not far from the car plant(Sholokhov) (verb-predicate in the form of the subjunctive plural).
Features of generalized personal proposals
Some linguists (V.V. Babaytseva, A.A. Shakhmatov, etc.) do not distinguish this group of one-part sentences into separate species, because the forms of expression of the predicates in them are identical to definite- and indefinite-personal and differ only in semantic load. In them the predicate has a generalized meaning. Such constructions are most often used in proverbs and sayings: If you love the tops, love the roots. Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends. Once you lied, you became a liar forever.
When studying the topic “One-Part Personal Sentence”, examples are of great importance, because they clearly help to determine the type of syntactic construction with one of the main members and distinguish between them.
Impersonal offer
One-part impersonal sentence (example: It gets dark early. There's a noise in my head.) differs from personal in that it does not and cannot have a subject.
The predicate can be expressed in different ways:
- Impersonal verb: It was getting dark. I'm sick.
- A personal verb transformed into an impersonal form: I have a tingling sensation in my side. There was a rumble in the distance. You are lucky! I can not sleep.
- Predicative adverb (state category or impersonal predicative words): It was very quiet(I.A. Bunin). It's stuffy. Sad.
- Infinitive: Don't bend to a changing world(A.V. Makarevich).
- The negation word “no” and the negative particle “neither”: The sky is clear. You have no conscience!
Types of predicate
In one-part sentences
In Russian linguistics, the predicate is represented by three types:
- Simple verb. Expressed by one verb in any form.
- Compound verb. Consists of a linking verb and an infinitive.
- Compound nominal. It contains a linking verb and a nominal part, which can be expressed by an adjective, noun, participle or adverb.
All of the following are found in one-part sentences
Chilly(one-part impersonal sentence). An example of a predicate with an omitted verb linkage in the present tense, but which appears in the past tense: It was cold. The nominal part is expressed
In a definitely personal sentence: Let's join hands, friends(B.Sh. Okudzhava) - simple verb predicate.
In an indefinite personal sentence: I don't want to listen to any of you(O. Ermachenkova) - predicate - personal verb + infinitive.
Nominal one-part sentences are examples of a compound nominal predicate with a zero verb connective in the present tense. Demonstrative particles are often placed side by side with the nominative: Here's your ticket, here's your carriage(V.S. Vysotsky). If nominative sentences are presented in the past tense, they are transformed into two-part sentences. Compare: There was your ticket, there was your carriage.
One-part and incomplete sentences
It is necessary to distinguish incomplete two-part sentences from one-part ones. In one-part sentences, in the absence of one of the main members, the meaning of the sentence does not change. In incomplete ones, any member of the sentence may be missing, and the meaning may not be clear out of context: Opposite is a table. Or: Today.
In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between definitely-personal sentences and two-part incomplete ones. First of all, this applies to predicates expressed by a verb in the past tense form. For example: I thought and began to eat(A.S. Pushkin). Without basic context, it is impossible to determine whether a verb is used in the 1st or 3rd person. In order not to make a mistake, it is important to understand: in the past tense form the person of the verb is not determined, which means this is a two-part incomplete sentence.
Particular difficulty is caused by the differences between an incomplete two-part sentence and a denominative one, for example: Night. Frosty night. And Night in the village. To avoid difficulties, it is important to understand: a circumstance is a minor member related to the predicate. Therefore, the proposal " Night in the village"- two-part incomplete with a compound nominal predicate, in which the verb part is omitted. Compare: Night fell in the village. Frosty night. This is a nominative sentence, because the definition agrees with the subject, therefore, the adjective “frosty” characterizes the main member “night”.
When studying syntax, it is important to perform training exercises, and for this it is necessary to analyze the types of one-part sentences with examples.
The role of one-part sentences in language
In written and oral speech, one-part sentences play a significant role. Such syntactic constructions in a laconic and succinct form allow you to formulate a thought brightly and colorfully, and help present images or objects. They give statements dynamism and emotionality, allowing you to focus attention on the necessary objects or subjects. Using one-part sentences you can avoid unnecessary pronouns.
To the question What is the difference between one-part and two-part sentences??? (Example)
Name the types of one-part sentences. (specified by the author How Silly =* the best answer is
single-component sentences are impersonal, nominal, definitely personal, indefinite. -personal, generalized-personal.
Answer from Caucasian[newbie]
one-part - with one main member, subject or predicate (It’s already getting dark).
two-part - subject and tale (Winter has come) .
single-component sentences are impersonal, nominal, definitely personal, indefinite. -personal, generalized-personal.
Answer from A mess[newbie]
1) Definitely personal (o/l). -one-part sentences, where the predicate is in the 1st-2nd person, singular. h. and pl. h., present-future tense. For example: Give a complaint book. I love you, Petra's creation.
In all these one-part sentences the grammatical basis is the predicate
Answer from Mrrrrrrr[guru]
one-part - a sentence where the grammatical basis is expressed either by the subject or the predicate
and two hundred and so and so
Types of one-part sentences
19 August 2009 14:10
Definitely personal sentences express the action or state of the direct participants in speech - the speaker or the interlocutor. It is always clear in them who they are talking about. I, you, we or you are always thought of.
Indefinite personal sentences denote the action of an indefinite person. There is a face, but who it is is unclear. The key words in my head are someone, someone.
In generalized-personal sentences, the actor is thought of in a general way, the action concerns everyone in general. Keyword- All.
In impersonal sentences, the agent or feeling person is not even implied. Everything happens on its own.
Well, in denominations the fact of the existence of an object or phenomenon is simply stated, and exclusively in the present tense.
Answer from self-awareness[newbie]
Imerouk
Answer from Yegina Gilmanova[newbie]
In two-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate. Pr: At the halt, the caravan was delayed. The wind drives rain from the mountains.
In one-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member (either subject or predicate). Ex: Thick fog. We sit down by the fire.
One-part sentences are divided into two main groups: 1) with the main member being the predicate, 2) with the main member being the subject.
In turn, one-part sentences are divided into:
1) Definitely personal (o/l). - one-part sentences, where the predicate is in the 1st-2nd person, singular. h. and pl. h., present-future tense. For example: Give a complaint book. I love you, Petra's creation.
2) Vaguely personal sentences (n/l). -single-component sentences where the predicate is expressed by a past tense verb, plural. h. Or presently. time, bud. vr. , 3 persons, plural h. (you can insert the memnoun they). For example: The village is preparing for sowing. The villages were preparing for sowing.
3) Generalized-personal (v/l).- The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of the 2nd person, singular. h., or 3rd person, plural. h, with generalized values. (most often a proverb). For example: Chickens are counted in the fall. What goes around comes around. You can't easily catch a fish from a pond.
4) Impersonal sentences (b). - one-part sentences in which the face cannot be restored. For example: It’s already dark. It will be dawn soon. There will be no lessons. I don't have a notebook.
In all these one-part sentences, the grammatical basis is the predicate (verb).
Good luck!
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