Animals of Penza. Presentation on the topic "rare animals of the Penza region"
The Penza region is one of the central regions of the Volga region. The nature of the land of Penza became a source of inspiration for Lermontov M. Yu., Kuprin A. I. and other poets and writers. The region freely stretches on the Volga Upland. The flowering of the steppes in the south of the region smoothly flows into the shade of deciduous and pine forests in the northern part of the region.
Wide plains are crossed by hills, separated by small and large ravines. Many rivers with picturesque banks and floodplains create a wide water web of the region. And all this rich natural space is filled with many species of animals and plants.
Flora of the Penza region
The meadow-forest landscape of the north and northeast passes in the south into meadow-steppe and steppe. Pine occupies the main place in the forests. It is this species that forms a third of the region's forests. Coniferous periodically pass into mixed and deciduous forests. There, the pines are already being replaced by oaks. There are also beautiful birch groves, mixed forests aspens, ash trees, maples, lindens, mountain ash and elms grow. Hazel reigns among the shrubs. More than 120 species of mushrooms and more than a hundred varieties of mosses and lichens grow under the canopy of forests.
A significant part of the natural steppe is used in agriculture. Small untouched areas have been preserved (Poperechenskaya, Kuncherovskaya, Ostrovtsovskaya reserved steppes). They became part of the specially protected natural areas Reserve "Privolzhskaya forest-steppe" Similar unique remains of the natural zonal steppe have not been preserved anywhere else in Europe. The steppe is dominated by perennial herbs and flowers: daisies, buttercups, cornflowers, beautiful and feathery feather grass.
Fauna of the Penza region
The fauna of the region is represented by more than 600 species. The most common forest dwellers are hedgehog, fox, hare, ferret, badger, squirrel, marten. In addition, you can meet a wild boar, a roe deer, an elk and even a wolf and a bear on the forest path. Do not be alarmed if you hear the hooting of the Tawny Owl, owls are very common in the Penza forests. Among birds, woodpeckers, nightingales, wagtails, tits and buntings are considered the most numerous forest inhabitants.
Marmots, steppe ferrets, ground squirrels, field hazel grouses, gray partridges and larks live in the steppe. You need to walk carefully through the forest and steppe: in addition to harmless snakes, you can meet with a poisonous common viper. Marsh turtles are found in a few swamps. On the territory of the region, it is possible to meet with a rare gray crane or egret.
More than 50 species of fish are found in numerous reservoirs of the region. Bream, pike perch, ide, catfish feel comfortable. Roach, perch, crucian carp, carp and pike are found in rivers and lakes. The most valuable fish that lives in the natural environment is the sterlet. This species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region, as it is very rare.
Seasons in the Penza region
This region is characterized by a temperate continental climate.
Winter is mild enough average temperature January fluctuates around -11 ... -13 degrees. The first snow usually falls between November and December, and the snow cover remains until the end of March. In winter, its thickness is about 50 cm.
The summer is warm, the average July temperature is about 20 degrees. Mostly sunny weather pleases from May to September. IN summer period there are often intermittent rains. Autumn finally sets in at the end of September, when the average daily temperature drops below 10 degrees. Approximately 600 mm of precipitation falls in the region annually.
The fauna of the region is quite diverse. Elk, badger, marten, many species of birds, including waterfowl, are found in the Penza forests. Siberian roe deer, wild boar, spotted deer, muskrat, raccoon dog, and beaver are well established in the region. There are many custom hunting grounds in the region.
In connection with the reconstruction of the hunting and commercial fauna of the country's mammals, 7 species of animals were acclimatized in our region, including: American mink, muskrat, raccoon dog, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, red and spotted deer. In parallel, work was underway to reacclimatize the steppe marmot, beaver and muskrat.Now the beaver population has been completely restored. 
The muskrat and the American mink are widely settled in the reservoirs of the region.In order to protect valuable species of animals, 5 reserves have been created in the region, and several dozens of hunting farms have been created for amateur hunting.
In the reservoirs of the Penza region, there are about 50 species of fish. In the largest - the Penza reservoir - about 30 species. The main commercial species of the reservoir include: bream, pike perch, silver bream, ide, catfish. In the rivers and small reservoirs of the region - roach, perch, crucian carp, carp, pike. The most valuable fish living in natural reservoirs is the sterlet. It occurs singly and is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region. 
In total, 10 species of fish are listed in the Red Book of the region.
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Municipal budgetary educational institution comprehensive school With. Malaya Sergievka Tamalinsky district Penza region Animals of the Penza region, listed in the Red Book of Russia Completed by: Rozhkova Lyubov Vasilievna teacher of biology
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Purpose: To deepen knowledge about the animals of the Penza region, listed in the Red Book of Russia; Activate cognitive interest to nature and its study To reveal the diversity of the local fauna; Reveal the aesthetic value of the observed objects; Show their relative nature, especially with the active intervention of man in the habitat of animals; Cultivate a sense of proportion, responsibility and goodwill towards the environment; Show the need to protect the environment.
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The main part of the animals of the Penza region, listed in the Red Book of Russia, is located on the territory of the reserve "Privolzhskaya forest-steppe". State nature reserve"Privolzhskaya forest-steppe" was created in 1989, primarily to preserve the unique steppes of the northern type, located in the Penza region, in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region of Russia. Among the animals listed in the Red Book of Russia on the territory of the reserve were noted: 8 species of insects, 3 species of fish and cyclostomes, and 8 species of birds. Butterflies: common Apollo and Mnemosyne; beetles: odorous beetle and stag beetle; grasshopper - steppe hymenoptera: carpenter bee, large parnodog, Armenian bumblebee; fish - Russian quicksand and common sculpin; Ukrainian lamprey; birds: steppe harrier, golden eagle, saker falcon, bustard, middle woodpecker, gray shrike, dubrovnik, red-footed falcon.
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Habitat. Desman's favorite habitats are oxbow lakes, floodplain lakes with a depth of up to 5 m, small rivers with a quiet course and backwaters. muskrat river systems Khopra, Ravens and Vyshi. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza Region (2005) with the status of endangered.
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Evening giant Rare species, listed in the Red Book of the Penza region (2005). Over the past 30 years, three cases of visual registration of the species are known: in 1984 in the Bessonovsky district near the village. Leonidovka, 1985 in the vicinity of the village. Akhuny (near the city of Penza) and 2000 near the village. Mikhailovka Zemetchinsky district. Flight view. In spring, it appears in the area in early May. The timing of the autumn departure is not known. Habitats are mixed (2 meetings) and deciduous (1 meeting) forests.
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Steppe marmot A rare species distributed in a limited area (Bessonovsky, Neverkinsky and Kameshkirsky districts), listed in the Red Book of the Penza Region (2005). Total population, according to an indirect estimate, does not exceed 250-300 individuals. Inhabits ravine-gully systems in hilly areas with grass-forb steppe vegetation, avoids damp places and areas with high level ground water.
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Middle Woodpecker Similar to the more common and well-known Great Spotted Woodpecker, but on closer inspection the two species are distinctly different from each other. Despite the rather bright coloring, the middle woodpecker does not stand out as much as its larger relative. It knocks little, in summer it spends most of its time in the canopy of trees and generally rarely descends to the surface of the earth. Most often, this woodpecker can be seen alone, but in winter it can accompany flocks of tits or other species of woodpeckers that have flown into its territory. In 2002, nesting of the middle woodpecker was recorded on the territory of the reserve for the first time. This type first recorded in the Penza region in 1999 in the Serdobsky district and in 2000 - in the vicinity of the city of Penza (Frolov et al., 2002).
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The Gray Shrike The Gray Shrike is a rare bird in the Penza Region. Sosnovka. The bird, frightened in the field, flew in a southerly direction to the forest tract "Moose Dol".
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Dubrovnik Dubrovnik can be attributed to relatively rare nesting species. Short description. The size of a sparrow. The female has a rather uniform pale yellow coloration of the lower side, a brownish, barely noticeable band passes across the goiter, and there are numerous streaks on the sides; in general, the bird is inconspicuous, keeps secretly, is silent, it is very difficult to recognize it in nature. The male, on the contrary, is very elegantly colored: the entire top is chocolate brown, turning into black on the head, which covers the entire “face”, the entire bottom is bright yellow, tied with a wide brown “belt” across the goiter, on the wing there are two wide oblique white stripes . He behaves defiantly - he sits on top of a perch that dominates the biotope, usually a bush of horse sorrel; sings a marriage song - overflowing with melodically ringing knees, pronounced at different pitches, according to an approximate pattern: "dzu" li-dzu "li-vu" li-vu "li-vli"-vli "".
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Kobchik Habitats. Breeds in forest plantations: floodplain forests, old windbreaks, parks and gardens of settlements. Often settles near water bodies, occupying old nests of rooks or gray crows.
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White-tailed eagle Sedentary, very rare view. Listed in the Red Books of Russia, Penza region. The largest of the predators nesting in our region. In the Penza region at the beginning of the twentieth century, a rare sedentary species. After the creation of the Sursky reservoir in 1978, birds began to be recorded annually during the period of seasonal migrations. During the nesting season, solitary birds are found in the floodplain of the Sura, Khopra, Crows in the Luninsky, Serdobsky, Bekovsky, Belinsky districts. The number does not exceed 4-5 nesting pairs.
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Bustard In the first half of the 20th century, the bustard in the Penza region was among the common (previously - hunting and commercial birds) birds, both on nesting and on migration, and it inhabited most of the territory of the region. Even in the second half of the 20th century, when the widespread reduction in the range and number of bustards in Russia began, the birds nested and bred. A further general decline in numbers led to its almost complete disappearance in the region. IN last years feeding and fluttering bustards were noted in Kameshkirsky, Kolyshleysky, Mokshansky and Neverkinsky districts.
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Falcon- Saker Falcon Habitat. Deciduous and mixed forests surrounded by open spaces – steppes, etc. Saker Falcons need trees for nesting, open spaces for hunting. Under these conditions, Saker Falcons are found both in the depths of the forest, and on the edges and outskirts. Saker falcons keep in old tall forests, as they nest in tall trees. According to the results of research conducted in 1971–2001, the Saker Falcon is classified as a group of rare migrant birds of the Penza Region. The last reliable fact of its nesting here dates back to 1962.
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Osprey Migratory-breeding species, solitary. Listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Penza region. In the Penza region, single meetings were noted in the Sura valley. Only with the creation of the Sur reservoir in 1978 did the species begin to occur systematically. During the nesting season, solitary birds were noted in the Vadinsky, Luninsky, Penza and Gorodishchensky districts. In total, there are 3-4 nesting pairs and 5-6 single birds migrating in summer in the region.
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Burial ground Available data on the state of the burial ground at the end of the 20th century. let's talk about him as a bird nesting in the Penza region. in the amount of 3-4 pairs.
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Steppe harrier Since 1977, the steppe harrier has been observed nesting in the Penza region. (Zemetchinsky, Tamalinsky, Kuznetsky and Shemysheysky districts). It is currently a rare species.
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Golden eagle Golden eagle belongs to the group of very rare migrant birds of the Penza region Recorded in early March 2005. The bird soared over a meadow stretching along the Kasley-Kadada, 1.5 km northeast of the village of Dvoriki. The golden eagle made several circles and flew to the east.
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Sterlet The rarest species in the Penza region The most valuable fish living in natural waters is the sterlet. It occurs singly and is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region.
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Ukrainian lamprey Currently, only Ukrainian lamprey lives in the Penza region, until recently it occupied the Don basin, but over the past decades, the species has become widespread in the Volga system, including in the Sura river system: the Elan-Kadada, Uza rivers ( with tributaries Chardym, Verkhozimka and Tersa), Ardym (a tributary of the Penza River), as well as in the Sura itself (Levin, Holčík, 2006).
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Russian Bystryanka Bystryanka is similar to common bleak, but at first glance it differs from it in two dark stripes running along the middle of the body, on the sides of the lateral line, and in that it is noticeably wider and more humpbacked. The openings of the lateral line are bordered with black dots above and below, so a dotted double stripe stretches along the lateral line. In the Penza region in 2000, Bystrianka was found in the Uza River, and in 2003-2004 - in other Sura tributaries - Kadade, Aiva and Inza.
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Steppe dybka Steppe dybka, one of our largest grasshoppers, 6–8 cm long. It reproduces parthenogenetically, resembles a praying mantis in habits, because it lies in wait for its prey, large insects, which it catches with its forelimbs. Preserved in the steppe part of the state. Reserve "Privolzhskaya forest-steppe". Extremely rare.
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Carpenter bee The carpenter bee owes its name to the fact that it lives in wood. Gnawing passages in the tree and equipping rooms for life, the bee became a carpenter among the people. Lives on the territory of the Reserve Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe. Occurs on the territory of the Tamalinsky district
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A large parnodog is a rare species of wasps-sprites from the subfamily Chrysidinae. The only species of the genus listed in the Red Book of Russia. Sometimes called meat-red glitter. Parnopes - large
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Steppe Bumblebee Light yellow hairs predominate (occiput, anterior part of dorsum, scutellum, and abdominal tergites). Most of the head, a transverse band on the back between the bases of the wings, legs and underside of the body with black hairs.
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Armenian Bumblebee Body length 21-32 mm. The cheeks are strongly elongated. Head, dorsal band between wing bases, posterior segment of abdomen (pygidium) and legs with black hairs, other parts of body with light yellow hairs. Wings are brown. Occurs on the territory of the reserve Privolzhskaya forest-steppe
The fauna of the Penza region is a forest-steppe faunistic complex, ecologically adapted due to natural and anthropogenic reasons and has zonal features.
So, being in the southern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region, the territory of the region abounds different types landscapes that are "home" not only for typical animal species of the modern forest-steppe zone of Russia, but also for intrazonal species and introducers.
Depending on the origin and preferred habitats, three ecological groups of animals are observed - northeastern, western and southern. Among the northeastern ecological group, except for forest species living in the most forested northeastern regions of the region, such as pine marten, mole, capercaillie, gray toad, there are taiga animals found on the border of their ranges - lynx and brown bear. The western group is represented by typical species of European boreal forests - red noctule, forest dormouse, European roe deer, inhabiting broad-leaved forests and insular areas of European pine taiga in the west of the region. The southern group consists of typical inhabitants of the steppes - speckled ground squirrel, mole rat, large jerboa, etc.
In total, 73 species of mammals, 299 species of birds, 8 species of reptiles, 11 species of amphibians, 51 species of fish have been registered in the Penza region.
mammals
Mammals of the Penza region are represented by 73 species from 6 orders and 19 families, of which 29 species are from the order Rodents, 16 species from the order Carnivores, 13 species from the order Bats, 7 species from the order Insectivores, 6 species from the order Artiodactyls and 2 species from the order Lagomorphs.
The fox is distributed everywhere with varying degrees of density in the Penza region.
Order: Carnivores
Brown bear
(lat. Ursus arctos) - a species of mammals from the genus Bears. It occurs in the north-west of the region in dense forests with windbreak, dense undergrowth and tall grasses. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Endangered".
Wolf
(lat. Canis lupus) - a species of mammal from the genus Wolves. The wolf prefers landscapes of open spaces, primarily because it is easier for the wolf to hunt ungulates there, which form the basis of its diet.
lynx
(lat. Lynx lynx) - a species of mammals from the genus Lynx. It lives in large forest areas with dense undergrowth and windbreak, although it occurs in a wide variety of stands, including forest-steppe. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
raccoon dog
(lat. Nyctereutes procyonoides) - a representative of the Canine family, the genus Raccoon dogs. Intentionally introduced and self-propagating species. Inhabits overgrown banks and floodplains, wet meadows with shelters, riverine forests.
red fox
(lat. Vulpes vulpes) - a mammal of the genus Fox, family Canine. The preferred habitat for the fox is small forests, light forests, although it is found in a wide variety of stands. The number of foxes in the region is about 2500 individuals.
Korsak, or steppe fox
(lat. Vulpes corsac) - a species of animals of the Canine family, the genus Fox. It lives in the steppes, in open grassy areas, enters the forest-steppe.
Badger
(lat. Meles meles) - a mammal of the genus Badgers, the Kunya family. It lives in various landscapes, more often near water bodies, ravines, gullies, steep banks. The number of badgers in the region is about 2000 individuals.
river otter
(lat. Lutra lutra) - a species of animals of the genus Otter, family Kunya. It occurs on the Sura River and its tributaries in the Gorodishchensky, Kuznetsky, Luninsky and Sosnovoborsky regions, on the Khoper River in the Kolyshleysky and Serdobsky regions. It settles in forests of all types, choosing rivers with littered windbreak banks, less often lakes and ponds with areas that do not freeze in winter. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Declining in numbers".
pine marten
(lat. Martes martes) - a species of animals of the genus Martens, the Kunya family. It lives in deciduous and mixed forests, prefers large forests, dense deciduous forests. The number of pine martens in the region is about 1800 individuals.
Stone marten
(lat. Martes foina) - a species of mammals from the genus Martens. It lives in deciduous and mixed sparse forests, settles on the edges, in fields with thickets of shrubs.
European mink
(lat. Mustela lutreola) is a species of mammal from the genus Ferrets. It occurs in the Vysha river basin within the Zemetchinsky district, preferring to settle in floodplain thickets of shrubs and reeds. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Endangered".
American mink
(lat. Neovison vison) is a mammal of the Kunya family, the genus Ferrets. Intentionally introduced and self-propagating species. The range covers forest, less often forest-steppe natural zones. To settle in the valleys and the banks of the deaf forest rivers, banks of streams, lakes, ponds, swamps, floodplain thickets of shrubs and reeds.
The American mink was introduced from North America on the territory of the region in 1964 and released in the floodplain of the Sura River, where it successfully took root and settled.
Polecat forest
(lat. Mustela putorius) - a species of animals of the Kunya family, the genus Ferrets. It lives in the north-west and east of the region, settles on the edges of forests of all types, preferring broad-leaved ones, in blueberries. The number of forest ferret in the region is about 400 individuals.
polecat steppe
(lat. Mustela eversmanni) is a small predatory mammal of the Kunya family. It lives in the steppe, less often in the forest-steppe natural zones, settles in the burrows of hamsters, ground squirrels and mole rats.
Ermine
(lat. Mustela erminea) is a mammal of the Kunya family, the genus Ferrets. It occurs in the forest-steppe, less often in forest natural zones, in copses, pegs, clearings and forest edges. The number of ermine in the region is about 500 individuals.
weasel
(lat. Mustela nivalis) is a small predatory mammal of the Kunya family. It lives throughout the Penza region in various natural and landscape zones, more often in fields, on the edges, in light forests, and bushes.
Order: Artiodactyls
Elk
(lat. Alces alces) - a mammal of the genus Elks, the Deer family. In summer it prefers deciduous forests with tall grasses, in winter - young pine and spruce forests with dense undergrowth. The number of moose in the region is about 4000 individuals.
red deer
(lat. Cervus elaphus) - a species of mammals from the genus Real deer. Intentionally introduced species. It lives in forests of all types, preferring light broad-leaved, in places with spacious meadows and dense thickets of bushes.
Red deer were brought in 1974 from the Khopersky reserve of the Voronezh region to the territory of the Gorodishchensky and Belinsky districts.
sika deer
(lat. Cervus nippon) - a mammal from the Deer family, the genus Real deer. Intentionally introduced species. Inhabits sparse broad-leaved and mixed forests with tall grasses. The number of spotted deer in the region is about 800 individuals.
In the period of 1970-80s, several hundred spotted deer were brought from the Moscow region and from the Khopersky reserve of the Voronezh region to the hunting farms of Bessonovsky, Gorodishchensky, Luninsky, Neverkinsky and Serdobsky districts.
European roe deer
(lat. Capreolus capreolus) - a mammal from the Artiodactyl order, the Deer family, the Roe deer genus. It lives in the forest, less often in the forest-steppe natural zones, preferring sparse deciduous forests, thickets of shrubs. The number of roe deer in the region is about 5700 individuals.
Siberian roe deer
(lat. Capreolus pygargus) is a representative of the Deer family, the genus Roe deer. Intentionally introduced species. It lives in the forest-steppe and the southern part of the forest zone, preferring open places: meadows, floodplains, clearings, clearings, with thickets of shrubs, tall, dense grass.
In 1957, 22 individuals of Siberian roe deer brought from Vladivostok were released in the Gorodishchensky district. Over time, they multiplied and populated the eastern regions of the region.
Boar
(lat. Sus scrofa) is an omnivorous mammal of the genus Boar, family of Pigs, order Artiodactyls. Intentionally introduced species. Inhabits moist deciduous forests with tall grasses, along river and stream valleys with dense coastal vegetation, in swampy areas overgrown with reeds, in thickets of bushes. The number of wild boar in the region is about 2200 individuals.
The acclimatization of the wild boar was carried out in the period 1970-73, when several dozen individuals were settled in the Bessonovsky, Gorodishchensky, Kamensky Luninsky and Penza regions.
Order: Insectivores
common mole
(lat. Talpa europaea) - a mammal of the genus Ordinary moles, the Mole family. It lives in the forest, less often in the forest-steppe zones. Prefers sparse deciduous forests, copses, kolts, edges with dense herbs, meadows, fields, orchards, orchards and other biotopes with moderately moist loose soils.
White-breasted hedgehog, or Eastern European
(lat. Erinaceus concolor) - an animal species of the genus Eurasian hedgehogs, family Ezhovye. Differs from the presence on the chest white spot which contrasts with the dark brown belly. Inhabits the edges of deciduous watershed forests and windbreaks, clearings and bushes.
Russian muskrat
(lat. Desmana moschata) is an insectivore from the Mole family. reacclimatized look. Occurs in Belinsky, Bashmakovsky, Maloserdobinsky, Kolyshleysky, Serdobsky, Tamalinsky and Zemetchinsky districts along floodplain reservoirs on high steep banks overgrown with aquatic vegetation. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Endangered".
common shrew
(lat. Sorex araneus) - a representative of the genus Shrews, the most common representative of the Shrew family. Inhabits sparse broad-leaved and mixed forests, copses, thickets of shrubs, thickets of tall grasses, edges, more often found along the floodplains of the Sura, Kadada, Moksha, Nyanga rivers.
In addition to the common shrew, the following species of the Shrew family live in the Penza region: Lesser shrew (lat. Sorex minutus) - from the genus Shrew; Small shrew (lat. Crocidura suaveolens) - from the genus Shrew; Cutora vulgaris, or water (lat. Neomys fodiens) - from the genus Kutora.
Order: Lagomorphs
white hare
(lat. Lepus timidus) - a species of animals of the Hare family. It lives in forest and forest-steppe natural zones. In the forest zone, it prefers light forests, overgrown burnt areas and clearings; in the forest-steppe it is found in birch groves, thickets of shrubs, reeds and tall dense grass.
hare
(lat. Lepus europaeus) - a representative of the Hare family, the genus Hares. A typical inhabitant of the forest-steppe, found on open spaces forest zone: clearings, burnt areas, edges, meadows, glades.
Order: Chiroptera
Two-tone leather
(lat. Vespertilio murinus) - a representative of the family Smooth-nosed bats, the genus Bicolor leather. The most numerous species of bats in the Penza region. Inhabits Bashmakovsky, Belinsky, Bekovsky, Zemetchinsky, Luninsky, Mokshansky, Nikolsky, Pachelmsky, Penza, Neverkinsky, Kameshkirsky and Shemyshey regions, in forests in open areas: on the edges, along the banks of rivers and lakes, near ravines and ditches.
Kozhan late
(lat. Eptesicus serotinus) - large bat from the genus Kozhany. It lives in various landscapes, more often in anthropogenic ones; it has been repeatedly noted in the city of Penza.
Wushan brown
(lat. Plecotus auritus) is a small mammal from the genus Ushany. It lives in various forest open areas: on the outskirts of forests, on the edges, along the banks of forest rivers and lakes. Winterings are known in anthropogenic shelters in various settlements of the region.
Evening redhead
(lat. Nyctalus noctula) is a small mammal from the genus Vespers. It lives in broad-leaved and mixed forests, preferring old-growth floodplain forests. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region in the category - "Uncertain by status".
In addition to the red evening, on the territory of the Penza region live Evening gigantic(lat. Nyctalus lasiopterus) and small Vespers (lat. Nyctalus leisleri).
Water bat
(lat. Myotis daubentonii) is a small mammal of the smooth-nosed bat family. Inhabits the riverine forests of Bekovsky, Belinsky, Bessonovsky, Vadinsky, Zemetchinsky, Narovchatsky, Nizhnelomovsky, Lopatinsky, Mokshansky, Nikolsky, Luninsky, Kuznetsky, Penza, Shemysheysky, Kameshkirsky, Neverkinsky, Serdobsky regions, hunting insects at dusk over water. Winterings are known in anthropogenic shelters of the Nizhnelomovsky and Narovchatsky regions.
In addition to the water bat, the following species of smooth-nosed bats live in the Penza region bats from the genus of the night bat: Brandt's night bat (lat. Myotis brandtii), Nightlight Natterer(lat. Myotis nattereri), Pond bat(lat. Myotis dasycneme). Natterer's night bat is included in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
The bat of the forest, or Nathusius
(lat. Pipistrellus nathusii) - a small bat from the genus Nedopyri. One of the most numerous and widespread species of bats in the Penza region. It lives in floodplain forests, and is also often found in anthropogenic landscapes - parks, forest belts, rural settlements.
In addition to the forest bat on the territory of the Penza region, there are Mediterranean bat(lat. Pipistrellus kuhlii) and Dwarf Bat (lat. Pipistrellus pipistrellus).
Order: Rodents
Beaver ordinary, or river
(lat. Castor fiber) - a mammal of the genus Beaver, family Beaver, order Rodents. reacclimatized look. The most preferred habitat for are deciduous forests. Settle along the banks of slowly flowing rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes. The number of beavers in the region is about 9,000 individuals.
As a result of hunting, the population of river beavers in the Penza region was exterminated in the 17th century. In the 1960-70s, work was carried out to reacclimatize the species, during which time several hundred individuals from the Ryazan, Bryansk, Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh regions were released into the reservoirs of the region, where they successfully took root and settled.
Steppe marmot, or Baibak
(lat. Marmota bobak) - a species of animals of the genus Marmots, the Squirrel family. reacclimatized look. lives in Bessonovsky, Neverkinsky and Kameshkirsky districts, in flat steppes, on grass-forb unplowed meadows, on the edge of cultivated fields. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
After the active agrarian development of virgin and fallow lands in the 18th-20th centuries, marmots almost completely disappeared from the territory of the region. In the 1980s, work was carried out to reacclimatize the species, then 665 animals were released in six districts of the region. Now the number of marmots in the region is 250-300 individuals.
Gopher big, or reddish
(lat. Spermophilus major) is a species of animals of the Gopher genus, Squirrel family. Intentionally introduced species. It lives in the plain steppes, less often in the forest-steppe and the southern part of the forest zone.
In addition to the large ground squirrel, the Penza region is also inhabited by Speckled ground squirrel(lat. Spermophilus suslicus). The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
mole rat
(lat. Spalax microphthalmus) is a large rodent of the mole rat family of the genus Mole rats. It occurs in the southern, central and northern regions of the region in steppe landscapes and in various grassy areas, forest edges and clearings.
Large jerboa, or earthen hare
(lat. Allactaga major) - a representative of the jerboa family, the genus Earthen hares. It lives in Bashmakovskiy, Belinsky, Kamenskiy, Kameshkirskiy, Kolyshleyskiy and Tamalinsky regions. Prefers steppe and forest-steppe landscapes with hard ground and sparse herbage.
Squirrel ordinary
(lat. Sciurus vulgaris) - a species of animals of the Squirrel family, genus Squirrels. It settles in forests of all types, preferring pine forests, spruce forests and cedar forests. The number of squirrels in the region is about 4600 individuals.
In the Penza region, there is also a subspecies of the common squirrel - Teleutka, or teleutka squirrel (lat. Sciurus vulgaris exalbidus). This large subspecies was brought into the forests of the Gorodishchensky district in 1948 from the Altai Territory to enrich the hunting fauna.
Dormouse forest
(lat. Dryomys nitedula) is an arboreal rodent of the Soniaceae family. It occurs in Zemetchinsky, Kameshkirsky, Kuznetsky, Luninsky, Pachelmsky, Tamalinsky, Shemysheysky districts in broad-leaved and mixed forests, gardens and forest nurseries with dense undergrowth.
In addition to the forest dormouse on the territory of the Penza region, there are also dormouse dormouse (lat. Glis glis) and Dormouse hazel, or mushlovka (lat. Muscardinus avellanarius). Hazel dormouse is included in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Uncertain by status".
Muskrat
(lat. Ondatra zibethicus) is a semi-aquatic mammal of the Hamster family. Intentionally introduced species. It is found in forests of all types, along the banks of rivers, oxbow lakes, lakes, freshwater swamps.
The muskrat was brought to the Penza region in 1958 and in 1963 to the rivers Moksha, Kadada and Khoper, where they successfully took root and settled.
Hamster
(lat. Cricetus cricetus) - a mammal of the genus Real hamsters, the Hamster family. It lives in forest and steppe natural zones, preferring the forest-steppe, settles in fields, meadows, on the edges, in bushes.
In addition to the common hamster, the Gray Hamster (lat. Cricetulus migratorius) also lives on the territory of the Penza region.
Rat gray
(lat. Rattus norvegicus) - a representative of the Mouse family, the genus Rat. In nature, it lives along the banks of various reservoirs, however, most now prefer to settle where there are people nearby - in gardens, fields, garbage dumps, in human dwellings.
Water vole, or water rat
(lat. Arvicola terrestris) - a mammal from the order Rodents, the Hamster family. Inhabits the floodplains of the Vadu, Vorona, Vysha, Moksha, Sura, Khopra rivers and their tributaries, wetlands near freshwater or brackish lakes and ponds.
common vole
(lat. Microtus arvalis) - a rodent from the Hamster family. It lives in forest, forest-steppe and steppe landscapes in open areas with dense grass cover.
In addition to the common vole, several more closely related species of the Hamster family live in the Penza region: Eastern European vole(lat. Microtus rossiaemeridionalis), Underground vole(lat. Microtus subterraneus), red vole (lat. Myodes glareolus), dark vole, or plow vole (lat. Microtus agrestis), Housekeeper vole(lat. Microtus oeconomus). The underground vole is included in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
steppe pied
(lat. Lagurus lagurus) - a small animal of the Hamster family. It lives in the steppes and the southern part of the forest-steppe in areas with grass-forb vegetation. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Rare".
mouse forest
(lat. Sicista betulina) - a representative of the Mouse family, the Mouse genus. It lives in forest and forest-steppe natural zones. Settles in forests of all types with dense undergrowth, groves and thickets of bushes.
In addition to the forest mouse, the Strand mouse (lat. Sicista strandi) also lives on the territory of the Penza region. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Penza region with the status - "Uncertain by status".
field mouse
(lat. Apodemus agrarius) - a mammal of the Mouse family, the genus Forest and field mice. It lives in forest and forest-steppe natural zones in open biotopes - in meadows, forest edges, in bushes, on agricultural lands.
In addition to the field mouse, the following species from the Mouse family live in the Penza region: House mouse (lat. Mus musculus), yellow-throated mouse(lat. Apodemus flavicollis), Small forest mouse(lat. Apodemus uralensis), Baby mouse (lat. Micromys minutus).
Birds
The factor of predominance in the territory of the Penza region of a peculiar forest-steppe, in which large masses of deciduous and mixed forests alternate with small insular forest areas, shrub thickets and vast meadow and steppe spaces, determines the ecological features of the faunal complex of birds in the region.
So, on the territory of the region, there are numerous species of birds that are traditionally considered forest or steppe, but originally confined to the forest-steppe. Among them are such as the steppe eagle, derbnik, hobby faggot, steppe and common kestrel, little bustard, steppe lapwing, steppe tirkushka - campophiles; black grouse, hazel grouse, capercaillie, woodcock, common cuckoo, great spotted woodpecker, chaffinch, oriole, jay, forest lark, song thrush, common dove, wood dove, eastern nightingale - dendrophiles.
Bullfinch males are easily recognizable due to the pinkish-red breast color.
In addition to campophiles and dendrophiles, the area is numerous and rich in species. environmental group birds associated with aquatic and semi-aquatic biotopes. Among them are well-known mallard, great grebe, gray heron, bittern, cracked teal, coot, corncrake, common moorhen, lapwing, small plover, lake and silver gulls, river and marsh terns.
Reptiles and amphibians
The herpetofauna of the Penza region includes 19 species - 8 species of reptiles and 11 species of amphibians.
Of the reptiles in the region, 1 species of turtles, 3 species of lizards and 4 species of snakes live: marsh turtle, quick lizard , viviparous lizard, brittle spindle, perishing ordinary, common viper, steppe viper , verdigris vulgaris. Included in the Red Book of the Penza Region bog turtle and steppe viper with the status - "Rare".
Of the amphibians, 2 species of newts, 2 species of toads and 7 species of frogs have been recorded: common newt, crested newt, common toad(grey toad), green toad, red-bellied toad, common spadefoot, frog edible, moor frog, grass frog, pond frog, lake frog. The pond frog and common frog are included in the Red Book of the Penza Region with the status - "Uncertain by status".
Fish
The ichthyofauna of reservoirs in the Penza region includes 51 species of bony fish and 1 lamprey species from 10 orders and 15 families.
Species are categorized by orders and families.
Order Sturgeon, family Sturgeon: sterlet.
Salmon order, Salmon family: grayling, peled, white salmon (nelma), European vendace.
Smelt order, Smelt family: European smelt.
Pike order, Pike family: common pike.
Order Cyprinidae, family Cyprinidae: bream, blue bream, common white-eye, southern bystrianka, Russian bystrianka, common bleak, common asp, silver bream, golden crucian carp, silver crucian carp, Volga podust, white carp, carp (common carp), common gudgeon, white gudgeon , common verkhovka, chub, ide, common dace, sabrefish, common minnow, common mustard, common roach, rudd, tench; family Balitorovye: charr mustachioed; Loach family: common loach, Baltic loach, Siberian loach, golden loach, loach, fish, shemaya.
Order Catfish, family Catfish: common catfish.
Cod-like order, Burbot family: burbot.
Order Perciformes, family Perch: common ruff, Don ruff, river perch, common pike perch, bersh; goloveshkovye family: rotan-goloveshka; goby family: goby goby, round goby, goby goby.
Detachment Scorpioformes, family Rogatkovye: common sculpin.
Detachment Lampreys, family Lampreys: Ukrainian lamprey.
Pike is one of the most coveted fishing trophies.
10 species of fish and 1 species of lamprey are included in the Red Book of the Penza region: Ukrainian lamprey, sterlet, golden pluck, blue bream, quicksand, Volga podust, fish, sabrefish, Don ruff, bersh, common sculpin.
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Stag beetle The stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) is the largest stag beetle in our fauna and one of our largest beetles. It is black, the upper jaws and elytra are chestnut-brown in the male, black in the female. The length of the female is 28-45 mm, the length of the male without upper jaws 30-55 mm, and with them up to 75 mm. He lives in the south of the forest zone and in the forest-steppe, mostly in oak forests. In July and August, these beetles fly with a loud buzz around the tops of oaks, and during the day they can be found on the juice flowing from wounds on oak trunks. Near such wounds, sometimes several dozen beetles accumulate, which push, and often fight among themselves. At the same time, males fight not only because of a place on a site covered with juice, but also because of females. They rise high on their front and middle legs, almost rearing up, open their jaws wide and rush at each other with such ferocity that they often maim each other. The female lays large (up to 2.2 mm) oval eggs in hollows, in rotten stumps or in the soil at the foot of trees, the rotten wood of which the larvae feed on. The development of the larva lasts about 5 years; the adult larva reaches a length of 13.5 cm and a thickness of the thumb.
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Steppe viper Virepa ursini is smaller than usual, and the length of its body with a head does not exceed 57 cm, usually no more than 45-48 cm. Females are somewhat larger than males. In contrast to the common viper, in the steppe viper, the lateral edges of the muzzle are pointed and slightly raised above its upper part, and the nostrils cut through the lower parts of the nasal shields. Above, it is brownish-gray in color with a dark zigzag stripe along the ridge, sometimes broken into separate parts or spots. Sides of the body with dark blurred spots. Very rare black steppe vipers. Distributed from the steppes of Western Europe (France, Italy, Austria, Yugoslavia, Albania, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria), through the steppe and southern part forest-steppe zone of our country up to East Kazakhstan and Northwest China. Lives in the Crimea, in the steppe regions of the Caucasus, Central Asia, Turkey, Iran. It rises to the mountains up to 2500-2700 m above sea level. Inhabits Various types steppes, sea coasts, shrubs, rocky mountain slopes, meadow floodplains, riverine forests, ravines, grass-salt semi-deserts and loosely fixed sands.
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Spadefoot GARLIC (Pelobates fuscus) is better known than others. Its back is colored yellow-brown or light gray with large and small brown and black spots with red dots. The skin is smooth, at times emits a strong smell, reminiscent of the smell of garlic. The forehead between the eyes is convex. Very characteristic of spadefoot is a large spade-shaped internal calcaneal tubercle, which develops in connection with their burrowing activity. Males have an oval gland on their shoulders. Body length up to 80 mm. Distributed from Central Europe to the Aral Sea and the south of Western Siberia; in the south to the Crimea, North Caucasus, and in the north - to the line Leningrad - Kazan. Spadeworts come to water bodies only during the breeding season, spending the rest of the time on land. They dig well and spend the day buried in the ground, leaving the shelter in the evening.
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Newt TRITON (Triturus vulgaris) is one of the smallest and most common newts, its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half falls on the tail. The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The coloration of the upper side of the body is olive-brown, the lower side is yellowish with small dark spots. On the head there are longitudinal dark stripes, of which a stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable. The coloration of males during the mating season becomes brighter and a scalloped crest grows from the back of the head to the end of the tail, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearly sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. Lobe rims form on the hind toes. The female has no mating coloration and no dorsal crest, but the coloration becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels. Distributed from France, England and Southern Sweden to Western Siberia inclusive.
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The Ermine (Mustela erminea) is similar in general to the weasel, but larger than it and well distinguished by the black tip of the tail. Body length varies, from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like the weasel, the ermine turns white in the winter and only the tip of the tail remains black. The animal is distributed from the Pyrenees, the Alps, Ireland and further throughout Europe, with the exception of most of Yugoslavia, as well as Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey. On the territory of Russia it is found almost everywhere. In Asia, it lives in Afghanistan, Mongolia, northeast China, northern Japan, and probably in the north of the Korean Peninsula. Finally, the ermine is found in Greenland and is distributed almost to the very south of North America. Ermine belongs to the most common predators. It reaches its greatest abundance in the forest-steppe regions of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan.
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Boar BOAR (Sus scorfa) or wild pig is the most widespread species. Inhabits all of Europe north to the Scandinavian Peninsula. In Asia, it lives everywhere up to Southern Siberia, Transbaikalia and Far East to North. It also inhabits the tropical regions of the mainland, as well as the islands of Sulawesi, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea, etc. It was in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Egypt and other countries), but in most areas it was exterminated. Acclimatized in a number of places in North and Central America, as well as in Argentina. Unusually variable in size, body proportions and coloration.
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Large Jerboa Jerboa LARGE (Allactaga major) or earth hare- the largest of all species of the family. The length of its body is 19-26 cm, the tail is up to 30 cm; at the end of the tail there is a bright and wide “banner” combed on two sides with a black base and a white top. From above, a large jerboa is painted in brownish-gray or pale sandy-gray color, from below the color is white. The large jerboa is not only the largest, but also the northernmost of all jerboas. It is common in semi-deserts, steppes and even forest-steppes of South-Eastern Europe, Kazakhstan and southern Siberia.
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The mole rat (Spalax microphtalmus) has been studied somewhat more fully than others. Its dimensions are slightly larger. The color of the fur does not differ from the small mole rat. Distributed in forest field and steppe landscapes from the western regions. The highest density of its settlements are in virgin areas and adjoining crops of perennial grasses (up to 20 animals per 1 ha); on grain crops, no more than 1-3 mole rats per 1 ha are found, and then only in the vicinity of beams, forest belts and forest edges. Mole rat burrows are located in 2 tiers: a complex system of horizontal passages is laid at a depth of 10-25 cm. These are feeding passages.
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Bustard bustard (Otis tarda) is one of the largest birds of the bustard order: depending on the sex and season, its weight ranges from 4 to 11 and even 16 kg. It is not difficult to distinguish the bustard from other birds by its large size, powerful unfeathered legs, variegated plumage, which combines red and white colors, and also by the mustache extending from the chin - bunches of elongated thread-like feathers. Bustard is a silent and cautious bird, especially in flocks. Thanks to well-developed eyesight, birds grazing in the steppe notice the approach of danger from afar and fly away. The bustard takes off with a running start, heavily raising and lowering its huge wings, but, having risen, it flies relatively easily and quickly, making uniform and deep strokes. Solitary birds, especially in the hot season, sometimes skillfully hide, which is facilitated by a well-pronounced protective coloration.
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Capercaillie Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is one of the largest representatives of chicken, growing almost from a turkey. The weight of males ranges from 3.5 to 6.5 kg, females - from 1.7 to 2.3 kg. This is a large clumsy and shy bird. His gait is fast, while searching for food, he often runs on the ground. Capercaillie rises heavily from the ground, flapping its wings loudly and making a lot of noise. The flight is heavy, noisy, almost direct and short unless absolutely necessary. Capercaillie usually flies above the forest itself or at the height of half a tree; only in autumn, making more significant movements, it keeps high above the forest. The capercaillie has pronounced sexual dimorphism. The male capercaillie is much larger than the female and differs sharply from her in plumage color.
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