Diseases of peppers in seedlings are pimples and curl. Diseases of seedlings of peppers and their treatment: white spots, twisted leaves, pimples, etc.

Getting a big harvest of beautiful peppers is the dream of every gardener. Dreaming is one thing, making your dreams come true is another. During the cultivation of a vegetable, there are two main dangers, the presence of which reduces all labor to zero. One of these dangers is disease. Moreover, the diseases are not only those that need to be protected from already in the garden, there by itself, but those that develop even in cups, when the seedlings are only getting stronger. What can threaten pepper seedlings at the stage of its cultivation?

Infectious diseases

black bacterial spot

At the beginning, small watery spots appear on the leaves, after some time the spots darken, a yellow stripe appears along the contour, then the leaves dry and die. To prevent the disease, you must:
- high-quality disinfect seeds, since black spot is transmitted precisely through planting material;
- near the seedlings, maintain the temperature at a level of plus 25-29 ° C;
- ventilate the room;
- spray young plants with Bordeaux mixture (1%).

If pepper seedling leaf disease is difficult to tolerate, preventive methods and simple means do not help, move on to more serious drugs. In this case, Bactofit, Fitolavin or Gamair will help to contain the disease, and if possible, completely get rid of it.

Blackleg

The most "popular" sore of young plants. At home, it may appear due to inattention or banal laziness, or “come” to a house with poorly disinfected soil. If these two points coincide, then the fungus will definitely be on the leg of the plant. What does this black leg look like? When the fungus is activated, a darkening in the form of a ring is formed on the leg near the ground itself, the ring rots over time, the plant dies. So that the disease does not appear at all, it is impossible:
- use the soil from the garden without processing;
- thicken plantings;
- water a lot;
- keep the soil in a hardened, not loosened state.

If the black leg appears, they move from prevention to treatment or suspension of the disease.

1. The soil is shed with a disinfectant - a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

2. After that, the soil in the places of infection is covered with calcined sand (preferably fine and river sand) so as to close the dark ring on the stalk. You can replace potassium permanganate with a solution (3%) of copper sulfate.

3. In the case when the plant does not want to recover in any way, it is removed.

After the preliminary procedures, first planting, and after a couple of days, the soil is treated with Fitosporin, Baktofit or Fitolavin preparations.

False powdery mildew(peronosporosis)

Perinosporosis for pepper seedlings is not a typical disease, but sometimes it manifests itself and you need to know what to do with it. When plants are infected, yellow spots of various sizes appear on the leaves, which increase over time, darken, the leaves, and then the plant disappear. The disease develops on thickened plantings in stuffy rooms. The first thing they do to diseased plantings is spray them:
- water with soda (2 tablespoons of soda are dissolved in a bucket of water);
- a solution of sulfur (20 grams of the substance are dissolved in 3 liters of water);
- Bordeaux liquid (1%).

Of the stronger means, they use Gamair, Ridomil Gold, Gliocladin or Kuproksat.

White rot (sclerotinia)

The disease is somewhat similar to the black leg. Only here, instead of a dark ring on the stem, a white coating of the fungus appears, gradually spreading up the plant. Infection of plantings occurs if the room with seedlings is cold (below plus 15 ° C), damp, and ventilation is not carried out. At the beginning of the disease, pepper seedlings are treated:
- fluffy lime, if there is none on the farm, then wood ash;
- whey (2 liters per 6 liters of water).

A neglected disease is treated with drugs "Oksihom", "Profit", "Previkur" or "Abiga-Peak". As a prophylactic against sclerotinia, a solution is suitable: water - 10 liters, copper sulfate - 2 g, - 10 g, zinc sulfate - 1 g. Solution for foliar top dressing.

Noncommunicable diseases

Pimples appeared on the leaves

Not always Bell pepper seedling leaf diseases are such that they need to be treated with folk or chemical means. Often there are problems, the solution of which comes down to correcting mistakes made during the care of landings. True, sometimes harmful living creatures “bring” plants to illness, but this is a separate conversation. However, in both cases, the seedlings are cured. But now about pimples and why they appear. May be:
- plants do not have enough sun and at the same time there is an excess of moisture;
- aphid settled on the leaves;
- landings were occupied by spider mites.

In the first case, treatment is reduced to restoring the conditions for the growth of seedlings. Regarding harmful living creatures, the methods for their destruction were discussed in a previous article. By the way, aphids and mites, in addition to pimples, can cause leaves to curl.

White spots on leaves

It happens that the rules of cultivation are observed, everything is done as it should be, and the leaves of young plants become stained. What is the reason? There are several reasons for such a problem.

1. Spots appear if the cups with seedlings are in the sun, and drops of water fall on the leaves during watering.

2. Drops of fertilizer that have fallen on the plant also lead to discoloration of the surface of the leaves. The plant gets burned. Only in the first case, when watered - sunny, and in case of careless handling of top dressing - chemical.

Insufficient amount of potassium in the soil is another reason for the appearance of light spots. To correct the situation, the introduction of a solution of potassium nitrate into the soil (1 tsp of fertilizer per 2 liters of water) helps. In the absence of such, a solution of wood ash is suitable (1 tablespoon without a slide per liter of water).

The leaves are curling

Sometimes the leaves of pepper seedlings begin to curl. Why?

First. Plants are missing something. In particular, if there is little potassium in the soil, the leaves simply curl. If phosphorus, then plus to twisting, they begin to turn yellow. This happens, for example, when the plantings forgot to feed. To restore the balance of trace elements, solutions will be required: the first is water (10 liters) and a teaspoon of potassium nitrate, the second is the same amount of water plus 600 grams of ammofoska.

Second. The entire leaf grows unevenly, that is, it twists due to the fact that solid veins lengthen faster, the pulp gains volume more slowly. But there is nothing to fix here, everything comes back to normal with time.

Third. Again spider mites and aphids. The vital activity of these harmful individuals on the plant leads to twisting of the leaves.

If, according to the gardener, leaf curl is not related to the listed reasons, then you should check the "components" of the microclimate in the room with seedlings - temperature, humidity, lighting. Deviation from the norm of anything will lead to a disease of seedlings of peppers with the subsequent waste of time necessary for its treatment.

The leaves are turning yellow

Pepper seedling leaves in cups or seedlings just transplanted into open ground, begin to turn yellow if:
- the glass is smaller than necessary, the roots have grown in a small volume, intertwined, began to die;
- plantings lack nitrogen, fertilizing with urea is required (a tablespoon of fertilizer per bucket of water);
- improper watering, little or too much water;
- landings are cold at night, the temperature is below plus 12 ° С;
- during transplantation into open ground, the roots were damaged.

For beginner gardeners. During the planting of pepper seedlings on the beds, one should not only be careful to root system was not damaged. Dropping the plant, the roots in the hole must also be leveled.

Seedlings are not growing well

The nuisance of those when the seeds were planted, the sprouts hatched, even a few leaves appeared, and that's it. Further, the pepper either does not grow at all, or very poorly. What influenced the growth and what to do?

1. Bad planting material. The seeds in the damp earth somehow germinated, and then - stop. There is nothing to help here, except to try to reanimate the plants with top dressing, although it is unlikely. It's better to move everything.

2. Regarding top dressing. Their excessive quantity, in principle, as well as their lack, constrain growth.

3. Improper planting of seeds, namely their deepening into the soil. Too deep planting, and the time of germination, and the further development of plants delays. Everything will work out if you choose a little soil from a glass of pepper.

Lack of light, improper watering (little or too much water), low air temperature (should be 22-26 ° C) will also not allow seedlings to be full.

Advice! According to practicing gardeners, if pepper seedlings have stopped growing, they immediately begin to grow as they should if they are transplanted into another container with fresh soil and poured with a solution of calcium nitrate (1 tablespoon of nitrate per 10 liters of water).

Seedlings wither

Excluding pests and diseases, there are several reasons for pepper seedlings to become lethargic, but they are all at the level of the human factor, and therefore must be corrected. Plants wither when:
- all day long in direct sunlight;
- the soil is either very wet or dry;
- drafts “walk” in the room;
- high humidity;
- the soil is thin, there are no top dressings.

Clearly, there is nothing to treat here. Everything that is sick will grow as soon as the causes of the disease are eliminated.

Seedlings are pulled out

The disease is artificial, provoked by the person himself. Simply put, when plantings are not looked after, this is how they grow. Reasons for pulling seedlings.

First. The seeds were sown thickly in one container, not a small bed, but thickets turned out. With proper watering of light, the plants will not be enough, they will begin to stretch. It happens the other way around. If the seeds were planted according to the scheme, there is enough light for the grown peppers, but they are watered beyond measure, the plants will also stretch.

Second. For newly emerging sprouts, a certain air temperature is required. During the day 17-19 ° С, at night about 15 ° С. high temperature seedlings are rapidly growing.

Third. When everything is correct, and there is little lighting, the pepper will "look for the sun." Lighting is added by placing cups on the most “sunny” window, plus they put backlights.

Feeding is not the least important for the health of seedlings. In soil without anything, nothing grows. Rather, the plant stretches, but nothing comes out. The first feeding of peppers is carried out as soon as 2-3 leaves appear. For the first time, gardeners recommend fertilizer "". In the future, you can switch to "Shine-2", "" or "Epin".

On this disease, seedlings of peppers ended, from the main ones - that's all. Having understood the causes of a particular disease, it becomes clear that all diseases are to a greater extent provoked by the person himself, his laziness or carelessness. Therefore, paying attention first to the preparation of seeds and soil, and then to young plants that have grown, one can be sure that pepper seedlings will either not get sick at all, or very little.

Pepper leaves are an indicator of seedling health. They reflect any problems that have arisen due to improper care, infection or pest infestation. Those who are going to sow pepper seeds for seedlings for the first time should understand this and conduct regular inspection of young plants from germination to transplanting into the ground.

Pepper seeds are among the first to be sown. The exact dates depend on the variety and region, but most often summer residents get pepper seeds as early as February. In March, the dark green foliage of the seedlings cheerfully turns green on the windowsills and racks. Not everyone is lucky, sometimes the picture is very sad. Swellings appear on the seedling leaves, the leaves lose their elasticity, curl and, in the end, fall off.

There is no need to panic if the pepper has pimples. In this case, it is worth arming yourself with a magnifying glass and examining the leaves of problematic plants. In pimples, leaf plates are due to the following problems:

• edema - edema;
• thrips;
• spider mite.

Causes of edema

Oedema (edema) is a physiological type of edema, not a disease. The reason for it is not infections and viruses, it is not contagious. There is a failure at the cellular level, in which the liquid consumed by the roots does not have time to assimilate in the cells of the leaf plate and accumulates there, causing the appearance of tubercles.

Sometimes even experienced gardeners do not understand why yesterday healthy seedlings look sad today because pimples appeared on pepper seedlings. Most common causes edema:

• waterlogging of the soil;
• hypothermia of the roots;
• too humid and cold air in the room where there are boxes with seedlings;
• a sharp change in temperature and light conditions caused by the transfer of seedlings to another room;
• insufficient lighting;
• dense planting or placement of more seedlings per unit area than is permissible.

Symptoms and treatment of pepper seedlings

The reasons are clear. Now we will clarify the symptoms by which physiological edema can be determined. First of all, this is the appearance of capsule-like formations located on both sides of the leaf. Usually they are green in color, but whites can also be found. If the spots spread over the entire surface of the sheet, they eventually die off and fall off.

There is no treatment, since it is not a disease if the pepper seedlings have pimples and leaves curl. It is necessary not to treat, but simply to take the following measures:

1. Limit watering.
2. Maintain air temperature 20 °C.
3. Make drainage holes in the seedling container to drain excess fluid.
4. Supplement daylight artificial light from fluorescent lamps.
5. Arrange the seedlings away from each other for good ventilation.
6. For a while, avoid the use of fertilizers of any kind.
7. Control soil acidity.

Timely assistance can save plants. The main thing is not to miss the moment, and for this it is worth regularly inspecting the leaves and stems of sweet pepper.

Pepper pests

Seedlings have many enemies among insects. Sometimes the symptoms, the cause of which is the vital activity of pests and their larvae, are very reminiscent of pimples. back side a leaf with spots and swellings may indicate the presence of:

• thrips;
• spider mite.

Aphids on seedlings

You need to know the ways of infecting seedlings with aphids. Knowing them, you can use preventive measures to avoid the invasion of pests. Possible options ingress of larvae and adults on young plants:

1. The larvae get with the earth typed in the garden or in the garden.
2. Flying aphids flew into the balcony (loggia) through an open window.
3. Bought a new one at the flower shop ornamental plant, infected with one of the aphid species.

The way the pest enters the room with young seedlings is understandable. Weakened plants, planted in poor-quality soil taken from the garden and not containing the necessary set of trace elements, suffer more.

The main method of prevention is the preparation of high-quality soil and its disinfection. The following soil disinfection methods are used for planting:

1. Freezing in winter bags with planting soil.
2. Warming up the earth for half an hour at a temperature of 70 ° C.
3. Watering with boiling water.
4. Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate and pour it over the ground in boxes before planting.
5. Use fitoverm solution for disinfection.

By the way, boxes and cups need disinfection if they are reused. For them, laundry soap will be the best disinfectant (72%). They need to thoroughly wash the containers before filling them with earth.

flower quarantine

Refrain from acquiring new flowers if there are young seedlings of peppers in the apartment. This also applies to cut, greenhouse flowers. Flower bouquets can be carriers of various forms of greenhouse aphids or thrips. Indoor flowers should be taken out to another room, or at least placed away from the boxes with peppers.

Pest Control Methods

Have you overlooked pests, aphid colonies appeared on young peppers or, even worse, thrips? What to do in this case? Run to the store for insecticides or fight folk methods using soap, ash, bitter, smelly herbs.

Before making a decision, look carefully at the plant and evaluate the degree of damage and the number of pests. If there are few of them on peppers, you can get by with folk methods.

Dissolve 20 grams of laundry soap in room temperature water and pour 1-2 tbsp. l. ash. When the solution is infused, you can wash the pepper leaves on both sides with it or spray it with a spray bottle. The number of insects on the leaves of the pepper will partially decrease. The treatment of seedlings after a few days must be repeated to consolidate the effect.

Some gardeners add a little instead of ash ammonia. A solution of ammonia fights pests on the leaves and serves as a good prevention, scaring away insects from healthy plants.

It is even easier to save seedlings from a tick. Plants are watered very well and immediately put on a plastic bag. The increased humidity in the bag kills the spider mite.

Chemistry against pests

Too lazy to rinse the leaves with soapy water - buy chemistry. Good feedback for drugs:

• "Vertimek";
• "Fitoverm";
• "Akarin";
• Sunmite.

A one-time treatment is indispensable here - it is necessary to process the seedlings at least 2 - 3 times with a seven-day interval. These drugs successfully fight not only with aphids, but also with thrips and mites. Processing of peppers is best done in the morning, before the sun has risen. If this is not observed, on the foliage of pepper, in addition to pimples, sunburn will also appear.

Seed treatment - disease prevention

Many problems can be avoided during the cultivation of young peppers by seed treatment, which is carried out on the eve of sowing. Potassium permanganate seed is most often disinfected - this is the cheapest and most affordable drug for growing healthy seedlings. Every summer resident has manganese in their first-aid kit.

A couple of manganese crystals and the water turns pink. We lower the pepper seeds for 15 minutes or a little more. After draining the solution of potassium permanganate, rinse them in water at room temperature and dry a little. The treated seeds are ready for planting.

In addition to potassium permanganate, effective treaters:

• "Baktofit";
• ash;
• "Albite".

Preparations for the treatment of peppers should be used, adhering to the instructions printed on the package. Ash is added to 0.5 l 1 tbsp. l. - Pepper seeds are disinfected with this solution.

Knowing possible reasons twisting pepper leaves and pimples on them and using the suggested measures, you can save young peppers and grow healthy seedlings.

Kira Stoletova

The appearance of the leaves is the main indicator of the health of the plant, instantly giving out the presence of infections, pests or care errors. Pimples on pepper leaves occur quite often. They can be caused by various reasons, from completely harmless to leading landings to death.