SPECIAL AUTO EQUIPMENT SKB-1 OF THE MINSK AUTO PLANT Transfer of production of MAZ-537 truck tractors to the Kurgan plant opened new era in the development of military production at the Minsk Automobile Plant. In the early 1960s, SKB-1 under the leadership of chief designer B. L. Shaposhnik

CHAPTER 1 5.66-mm APS assault rifle Appearance after the Second World War in naval forces our potential opponents (USA, UK, Italy, Turkey, etc.) special reconnaissance and sabotage units designed to destroy ships and coastal

CHAPTER 2 9-mm special sniper rifle VSS “VINTOREZ” Intensifying confrontation between Soviet Union and the West in the seventies, the expansion of the geography of undeclared wars and local military conflicts, which were fought on almost all continents, required

CHAPTER 3 9-mm special automatic machine AS “Val” 9-mm automatic machine AC with a folded butt. Incomplete disassembly of a 9-mm AS assault rifle. Despite the fact that the VSS rifle turned out to be a truly successful example of an automatic small weapon. I.I. Serdyukov at the same time on her

5.1. Keyboard machine In popular versions of phones with caller ID, such as “ANA-31”, “Rus-18”, “Rus-23 PLUS”, etc., by successively pressing the keyboard buttons, the functional modes of the “smart” phone are launched. Such, for example, , mode

Special “Package” Firing of the “Package-NK” complex Small-sized torpedo MTTD Further development of domestic anti-torpedo systems resulted in the creation of a fundamentally new “Package-NK” complex, developed by the State Research and Production Enterprise “Region” jointly with the Research Institute “Morteplotekhniki”. IN

13. SPECIAL TRAINING 13.1. The requirement for special training applies to workers from among the operational and maintenance personnel of power plants and networks. Completing monthly emergency training does not cancel the implementation of

This program became one of the last successful developments of domestic gunsmiths of the Soviet period - and it is already being used in Russian reality.

The beginning of the 80s of the last century was accompanied by a large number of military conflicts, in which Soviet military experts officially and secretly took part. Everyone knew about Afghanistan soviet man, but very little was said about the wars in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and other countries in Africa and Asia.

The Soviet Union actively helped developing countries gain independence from their former metropolises, supplying them with small arms and other weapons. Until now, in these countries, even a child knows about the Kalashnikov assault rifle, and some countries and groups have even posted this legendary weapon on their official flags.

Replacement legend

Nevertheless, the experience of combat operations in populated areas demonstrated a number of shortcomings of the AK-74, which were expressed in a large number of ricochets and low penetrating power - because body armor appeared everywhere. The Soviet leadership prepared an order for the production of more powerful weapons that would provide the soldiers of Soviet units with an advantage in direct confrontation with the enemy.

Development dragged on for several years, as those in charge delayed for a long time with the technical specifications for the designers. They wanted to simultaneously receive a sniper rifle, a machine gun and a pistol, which would be unified to use the same cartridges; at the same time, customers could not decide on the minimum power of ammunition.

The fact is that it was during this period that the passive protection of body armor was constantly being strengthened, and every year it was necessary to deal with more durable armor. If the technical specifications for the sniper rifle were determined back in 1983, then for the assault rifle - only by 1985.

Serdyukov's integrated approach

The development of a new weapons project was entrusted to the famous designer TsNIITochmash Peter Serdyukov, who, in the shortest possible time, presented the VSS “Vintorez” silent sniper rifle, also the “Val” special silent machine gun and the PSS “Vul” special self-loading pistol.

All these three types of small arms had the same caliber and used special 9x39 mm cartridges for firing. Depending on the charge power, the ammunition was named SP-5 and SP-6 (armor-piercing). At one time, a cheaper armor-piercing cartridge PAB-9 was also produced, which had to be abandoned due to design flaws. As a bonus, Serdyukov presented the NRS-2 “Vzmakh” reconnaissance shooting knife, capable of hitting enemies with 7.62 mm ammunition.

All presented weapons were highly appreciated by experts and are currently used in various units of the Russian Armed Forces, the FSB, the Russian Guard and the FSO.

Particular attention was paid to Vintorez and Val, whose designs turned out to be 70% similar to each other. In combat conditions, this is very important and allows you to quickly assemble a weapon hybrid from available spare parts, capable of effectively firing at the enemy. If the magazine of a sniper rifle is designed for 10 rounds, then the “Val” assault rifle is designed for 20. At the same time, the fighter has the opportunity to use both types of magazines when shooting.

High destructive power of the bullet

Already in 1987, new types of small arms began to enter service with the special forces of the USSR, and with its collapse, the Russian Federation. A certain number of AS "Val" and VSS "Vintorez" are still in service with the armies of Kazakhstan, Armenia and Georgia.

A bullet of a special cartridge with a steel core SP-5 at a distance of 100 meters easily pierces a steel sheet 6 mm thick, and for the armor-piercing cartridge SP-6 even 8 millimeters of steel will not be an obstacle. There are known cases when shots from Vintorez using the SP-6 cartridge stopped and disabled even lightly armored vehicles.

Effective shooting from both types of weapons can be carried out from a distance of up to 400 meters, which is not particularly high rate, but more than enough for special operations in the city.

That is why “Val” and “Vintorez” gained enormous popularity among special forces soldiers. They passed both Chechen wars, the conflict in South Ossetia, demonstrating high efficiency due to the ability to fire silently. The built-in silencer simultaneously functions as a flame arrester, making rifle and machine gun shots fired at night completely invisible to the enemy.

Weapon problems

The main disadvantage of this weapon - besides the relatively short firing range - is the use of special cartridges, the number of which is limited, according to experts. But this does not play a special role when conducting special operations, since they, as a rule, are fleeting.

A much bigger problem was the difficulty of aiming due to the large steepness of the bullet’s flight path. It is because of this that we had to abandon the use of the super-powerful armor-piercing cartridge PAB-9, which has a bullet mass of about 17 grams (in standard SP-5 and SP-6 16.1 grams).

But the designers provided for the possibility of installing various optical devices on Vintorez, including red dot sights, which makes the use of these sniper rifles very effective when conducting hostage rescue operations and ensuring the security of the country's leadership during mass events.

Tactical flashlights are connected to the Val machine guns, allowing targeted fire at the enemy hiding in dilapidated buildings and basements. A powerful beam instantly picks out the target, first blinding it with its powerful light. The Russian special forces soldier can only neutralize it with accurate fire.

Today, 9-mm Val assault rifles and Vintorez sniper rifles are the basis of the small arms of Russian special forces, although they are already beginning to be replaced by the more powerful ASh-12 and VSSK Vykhlop, which have a caliber of 12.7 mm.

The Vintorez rifle was developed for use by special units when performing secret missions. Its range and accuracy are highly appreciated by fighters. It is possible to wound a person protected by a 6B2 type body armor; an army helmet can also be pierced if the shot is fired from a distance of at least 400 m.

History of creation

Until the 1970s, USSR troops in most cases small arms and grenade launchers were used, which were well modified, but not perfect. It was distinguished by integrated silencers; cartridges with subsonic flight speed technology were used.

Such weapons were successfully used, but their shortcomings were very noticeable:

1. Pistols with silencers were enormous in size and heavy weight, which made it difficult for soldiers to move and react quickly.
2. Short firing range, insufficient number of bullets that can be loaded into the machine at one time.

The improvement of small arms has led to the emergence of such models as, as well as. And . Americans are also actively developing this sector, as evidenced by its popularity.

In this video, the Air Force sniper rifle Vintorez and AS Val.

Due to the obvious technological possibility weapons improvements, under the supervision of the KGB and the GRU of the USSR, the latest models of rifles were designed, which were intended for a narrow range of purposes.

With their help, it was planned to effectively hide the main actions of special units, which made it possible to achieve greater efficiency in their work and surprise during activities of exposing or capturing dangerous individuals.

Various departments put forward their requirements for the technical equipment of the new rifle, so they were only able to be agreed upon in 1983.

They were as follows:

1. The ability to defeat living beings (not equipment) on the battlefield up to 0.4 m in a hidden form.
2. Penetrating a helmet made of steel according to the military model at a distance of up to 0.4 m.
3. Using optical sights during the day and electro-optical ones at night.
4. The need to significantly reduce the weight of the weapon, improve the shape and size of the VSS rifle.
5. Quick disassembly and assembly for successful transportation and almost instant readiness for the start of battle.

The first option was developed using the Kalashnikov base. The design has been simplified, making it much lighter by connecting some parts. The experimental approach had a negative impact on the reliability of the rifle in various terrains and conditions of use.

The second option was more improved, so it was approved for mass production. The gas outlet was carried out through the side holes in the barrel. It was fixed by a special shutter. The volume of the shot was greatly reduced by reducing the sound pressure. The rifle had record minimum dimensions and weight. Watch the video:

In 1985, new requirements were formed, which provided for a new rule. The weapon must be able to hit even those opponents who are wearing body armor. The rifle was converted to chamber 9×39 mm. It began to be used by special units only in 1987.

Operational and technical characteristics

6 caliber rifle. Shoots at a speed of about 125 m per second. If the ball has a mass of 28 g, then there is a significant decrease in speed to 105 meters per second. Recharging is fully automatic, Uninterrupted shooting is possible thanks to the gearbox. First of all, you need to know and.

It operates under the influence of high-power batteries. The batteries are placed in a tube according to the official nunchuck shape. When the battery needs to be charged, the muffler must first be removed.

You can place up to 380 bullets in the magazine at a time. The weight of the entire device is slightly less than two and a half kilograms.

When choosing a gun case, Dimensional variability must be taken into account. When the stock is connected, the length of the device is 910 mm, and when it is disconnected, only 620 mm remains.

Available for loading bullets in the form of plastic balls. You can change the shooting mode, yes automatic bullet feed and the ability to fire single shots, each time independently carried out by the shooter. The special sniper rifle is made from a wide range of materials.

For the history of the creation of the rifle, see the following video:

The body is made of aluminum, and the box lid is made of steel. The stock is made of ordinary plywood and then varnished. The forend has a special pad for convenient positioning of the weapon during shooting; it is made of plastic.

Depending on the model, the length of the barrel varies, but is always at least 400 mm and no more than 420 mm. The main trunk is made in the form of an attachment in a container covering it on all sides. It is stronger and more reliable, therefore it serves for protection.

The design uses a third generation gearbox, which ensures operational reliability. The fuse is made without the use of automatic technologies; it must be manually moved. This is very convenient to do, since it is located on the right side in the form of a small lever.

Special devices for correct zeroing made in open form. The rear sight is adjusted by moving up and down, and the front sight is adjusted from side to side. You can additionally install various sights for convenience and excellent shot quality; for this purpose, an easy-to-rearrange standard mount is provided.

SVD air sniper rifles stand out with similar characteristics, about them. You can find out the price of the IZH 61 air rifle. Read about the most powerful air rifles without a license.

Device and circuit

The design is made according to the classical scheme. The magazine is located at the front of the rifle. There is a pistol grip where the stock is installed.

The batteries in the pipe are arranged according to a special plan. It is designed to reduce bullet spread by making the muzzle of the barrel particularly heavy. The buttstock is made without the possibility of folding or disassembling it; it is a single piece.

If a standard battery is installed, then the rifle’s operating speed is 11 rounds per second. You can fight with this weapon in two configurations: sniper work and assault attack. Also suitable for such purposes. Read also about the German assault rifle. See photo.

Standard equipment

1. Muffler.
2. Barrel equipped with a functional box.
3. Trigger mechanism.
4. Return mechanism.
5. Gas pipe.
6. Frame.
7. Gate.
8. Spring.
9. Handguard.
10. Buttstock made of metal. There is a possibility of folding it.
11. Magazine (cartridge container).

Disassembly and cleaning

To learn how to clean a weapon, watch the video:

Disassembling a rifle in an incomplete (most common) version:

1. Disassembly is carried out in the likeness of a Kalashnikov assault rifle. There is a separate lever on the receiver, located on its rear. To disconnect the cover, you just need to press it, then you can remove it with a slight movement.
2. To remove the muffler, you need to press the button at the rear of it; it is removed through the muzzle compartment of the barrel. Sometimes this part is difficult to remove due to the complex mechanism of its fastening, then you need to move the device several times in opposite directions.
3. There is a screw located on the flat section of the handle; it should be carefully unscrewed.
4. To remove the receiver cover, you need to find the button in the upper compartment of the stock. Then it can be easily removed, which will allow full access to the structure located inside the rifle.
5. A more complete disassembly is only necessary for its periodic complete cleaning or insertion of improved parts. If the user is not yet experienced in disassembling and assembling a rifle, it is advisable to use the help of people more experienced in this matter or contact specialists.

Preparation for use

Before using VSS, you must complete the main set of measures to avoid misfires or other failures:

1. Careful quality check of cartridges.
2. Cleaning all weapon parts.
3. Inspection of components, coating them with lubricant.
4. Full inspection of the rifle after assembly, checking the fastenings.
5. Researching the correctness of the optical sight is important to know.

Repair and replacement of parts

The Vintorez rifle very rarely breaks down, complex violations can only appear in the operation of the gearbox. This distinguishes it from classic air guns. To eliminate all inconsistencies, you can only completely disassemble the structure and replace the parts with new ones.

There are no other repair options for the airsoft silent sniper special air force. If it is impossible to repair the weapon yourself, it is advisable to bring only the gearbox to the workshop, having disconnected it in advance. This is very convenient and does not attract attention, unlike carrying an assembled rifle.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

1. A convenient and functional design will help a person in war to successfully fight, and a weapon lover will be able to add a beautifully crafted sample to his collection.
2. Low price compared to rifles with similar technical characteristics. Individual elements can be purchased for a low cost, but a serial, fully equipped model costs about 350-450 euros.
3. Partial disassembly and subsequent reassembly are very easy, this process is semi-automated. The internal design is standard, so it is not difficult to repair or clean for professionals or experienced gun enthusiasts.
4. The play of parts is not sensitive.

Flaws:

1. All parts of the weapon are secured with screws. In aesthetic terms, this indicator is assessed positively; for combat, this aspect is not important, but for a collector, this feature can become a significant disadvantage, since the usual stylization is not performed.
2. A spare magazine can only be purchased at a fairly high price, it is at least 45 euros.
3. The butt is long, which makes it less comfortable for people of short stature.
4. The rear sight may move out of position if excessive load is applied, as it does not have sufficient rigidity.

Conclusion

The VSS Vintorez silent sniper rifle has minor flaws, but is a professional weapon with excellent technical characteristics. It is easy to use, reliable, suitable for most combat situations, and can also be used as a collector's item.

They also enjoy worldwide fame. Read about how to choose an air rifle for accurate shooting.

Fans of small arms will like this item in all aspects. For professionals, some adjustment of the mechanism for specialized purposes will be required.

This VSS is intended not only for combat, but also for shooting training. It helps to fully master all the necessary knowledge for correct application any sniper rifles. Often used for sports. See how to shoot with a sniper rifle. But don’t forget about the safety rules for handling weapons, read about them. Read about the repair and modernization of air guns. We also recommend that you read the material about and.

The intensifying confrontation between the USSR and America in the 70s of the 20th century, local clashes and undeclared wars necessitated the emergence of special types weapons. One of these types of weapons was the VSS (special sniper rifle), which ideally combined all the technical and tactical requirements of that time.

However, even in our time, Vintorez is very popular. It is included in the arsenal of almost any computer “shooter” and serves as the personal weapon of heroes in many feature films related to war stories. But most importantly, the Vintorez sniper has served faithfully in special army units for many years.

History of Vintorez

Special troops of the Soviet Union were quite often involved in armed conflicts localized on the territory of friendly states. To counter enemy sabotage operations and carry out reconnaissance missions, it was necessary to create a new sniper kit. Because at that time the entire arsenal consisted of powerful but noisy weapons.

Interesting. It is believed that the name “Vintorez” was assigned to the sniper rifle during its testing. It was a working term that combines the phrases “rifle” and “rifled barrel” into one word. In the documentation, the weapon is designated as a 9 mm sniper rifle or product 6P29.

RG036

The designers were tasked with creating a model of a highly effective rifle that could be used in covert special operations. The first prototype of such a weapon was designed by engineer V.F. Krasnikov chambered for 7.62US. It was named RG036.

However, the simplified scheme significantly reduced the reliability of this model and it was not further promoted.

RG037

At the beginning of the 80s, tactical and technical requirements were put forward for the new rifle; it had to combine the following characteristics:

• be able to fire semi-automatically, with maximum noiselessness and absence of flame;
• mandatory presence of special mounts for installing an optical sight;
• combine opportunity aimed shot and breaking through a steel head helmet at a distance of up to 400 meters;
• the design should have a light weight and be compact, if necessary, quickly assembled from the main elements and disassembled.

In 1981, a new modification RG037 was created. It was distinguished by its small mass and size. To remove powder gases, side holes in the barrel were used, and the extensive and muzzle chamber dampened the sound, which significantly increased the noiselessness of the shot. The rifle made it possible to penetrate steel 1.6 millimeters thick at close range, but this was not enough.

VSS

In 1985, the designers received new instructions; the weapon was supposed to penetrate body armor on the enemy from a distance of 400 meters. Such characteristics were not suitable for the RG037 cartridge.

The next modification of the rifle, using the 9x39mm cartridge, became the basic modification of Vintorez. In 1987, the BSK (silent sniper complex) was put into production and adopted, which includes:

• VSS (6P29);
• sniper cartridge SP-5/SP-6 (9mm);
• optical sight (day PSO-1-1 or 1P43, night 1PN75 or MBNP-18).

VSS (special sniper rifle) is intended to destroy enemy targets during covert group operations for attack or defense. It is designed to destroy manpower and disable enemy technical equipment at a distance of up to 400 meters (during the day) and up to 300 meters (at night).

On a note. For SP-5 and SP-6, a modernized cartridge case from 7.62x39 cartridges is used. Its muzzle has been re-compressed for new ammunition. To test Vintorez components for strength, special SP-5UZ cartridges are produced. They are used only in factory conditions because they have a powerful charge. For training they use SP-5UZ.

Technical characteristics of VSS

Performance characteristics of Vintorez:

• Caliber - 9 mm;
• cartridges used - 9×39 mm (type SP5, SP6);
• weapon length - 894 mm, barrel - 200 mm, optical sight - 375 mm, night sight - 340 mm;
• weight without ammunition and optics - 2.45 kg, optical sight - 0.58 kg (with power source - 2.1 kg);
• shooting mode - single/automatic;
• bullet speed (initial) - 290 m/s;
• firing rate - 800 - 900 rounds per minute;
• rate of fire - from 30 to 60 rounds per minute;
• aimed shot range using optics - 400 m, night time - 300 m;
• magazine - 10/20 rounds.

Lethal force and effective range

The impact force of the VSS when using the SP-5 cartridge penetrates two-millimeter steel protection from a distance of 500 meters and causes damage to living targets. With SP-6, a four-millimeter steel sheet and 6B2 (Zh-86-2) body armor can be penetrated from 400 meters.

Despite the fact that the maximum required distance for a silent shot is considered to be 300 meters, Vintorez with additional optics is capable of covering a 500-meter distance with 100% accuracy. This is confirmed by numerous successful tests of the sniper rifle.

On a note. The technical documentation notes that the “VSS” resource is designed for 1500 shots. However, with proper maintenance of the weapon and keeping it in dry conditions, this figure can increase to 5000.

Design Features

VSS barrel

The barrel with six right-hand rifling is made of chrome-plated steel and has a length of 200 millimeters. In the middle part there is a cavity for exhaust gases (gas chamber), as well as a platform for attaching a device that reduces the noise from a shot. There are 54 holes cut into the barrel, which allow the powder gases to be diverted into the expansion compartment of the muffler. Using a special separator spring, the muffler is centered relative to the barrel channel guide.

Fact. The complex that allows centering the muffler is original and patented in Russia.

Butt

The skeletal type stock is made of plywood with a large number of layers. It is attached to a special receiver trim that has a lock. This design makes it possible to quickly disconnect the elements if necessary.

Receiver

This part of the design allows you to connect weapon components. The receiver is produced by milling from steel. This scheme significantly increases structural rigidity, but at the same time the labor intensity and cost of Vintorez production increases.

A special cover helps protect weapon mechanisms and components from dust and dirt. On the right side there are holes for ejecting spent cartridges and a special cutout so that the bolt handle can move. On the left side there are protrusions for attaching optics.

Muffler

An integrated silencer and separator complex ensures a silent shot. The muffler consists of a muzzle compartment and an expansion chamber, which allows the discharge of powder gases. Inside the body there is an aiming block with a bar and a retainer for the separator.

The separator itself is installed in the front part, which includes: a washer, an insert, a clip and a bushing mounted on the separator spring.

Information. If the muffler is incorrectly attached or is mechanically damaged, shooting accuracy will be impaired, since it houses the front sight and sight.

Fuse

The mechanism prevents the possibility of accidental shots during impacts or other unforeseen situations. This is ensured by the fact that the fuse closes the windows for moving the reloading handle.

Sights

Depending on the time of day, night or day optical sights can be installed on Vintorez.

PSO-1-1 is equipped with a convenient sighting reticle, designed specifically for the use of the SP-5 cartridge. The distance scale allows the sniper to calculate the necessary correction and determine the distance without rotating the flywheels. Sealed housing, filled with nitrogen, completely eliminates fogging when the air temperature changes from 50 degrees cold to 50 degrees warm. It is also possible to use another day sight - 1P43 (PSV), with fourfold magnification and illumination.

For night time, MBNP-1 (1PN75) and NSPU-3 (MBNP-18) can be used.

There are newer modifications, in particular 1PN93. If daytime optics break down, you can use a mechanical device consisting of a sector sight and a front sight with a front sight. Adjustment occurs in horizontal direction and height.

Interesting. The history of the word “sniper” goes back to a small swamp bird - snipe. Due to its size, specific flight path and high speed, it is almost impossible to hit a feathered target. Snipe hunters were called snipers.

Design advantages

Compared to other Vintorez models, the following advantages:

• high accuracy and accuracy of fire is ensured by a modernized barrel design;
• thanks to the integrated silencer, the VSS can fire silently with no flash when fired;
• the muffler is used throughout its entire service life without replacement;
• the bullet has high speed and a powerful damaging effect;
• design features allow for quick dismantling and assembly of weapons;
• disassembling the rifle into three parts makes it possible to carry it concealed;
  double-row mechanism in which the cartridges are staggered;
• safety of use is ensured by a safety lock that completely prevents a shot from being fired when the trigger is accidentally pressed (during impacts and falls).

Interesting. It is believed that, despite the stated four-hundred-meter range of the VSS, an accurate shot at the enemy’s head is only possible from a distance of 250 meters.

Equipment

The VSS is supplied complete with SPTA-O (spare individual package) for its maintenance, consisting of:

• ramrod;
• knife;
• oilers;
• scraper;
• five full five-round magazines;
• belt

The full ammunition kit also includes a backpack for carrying Vintorez and a backpack containing an optical sight, an individual bag and a belt with four magazines with cartridges.

When disassembled, the weapon takes up very little space. The elements can be easily removed from the portable backpack. Assembly can be done in a matter of seconds.

Fact. A special suitcase (diplomat) was developed specifically for storing the Vintorez sniper rifle in a dismantled state.

Options and modifications

Sniper special modernized VSSM

The latest modification of the VSS with an increased service life, a skeletal-type buttstock made of metal, an adjustable butt plate and cheek pads, as well as a bipod and a rail mounting system (Picatinny rail).

Special automatic machine AS "Val"

This weapon was designed in the 80s of the twentieth century on the basis of Vintorez. Elements of a machine gun and rifle have a 70% unification rate.

The “shaft” is compact and light weight, which makes it convenient to use. The weapon has powerful destructive power and can penetrate armor protection or the body of a car. SP-5 and SP-6 can be used as cartridges.

The integrated silencer ensures concealed use, and the design features allow you to quickly (from 30 to 60 seconds) assemble and disassemble the speaker and put it in a small case.

On the receiver there is a rail with the ability to attach optical sights (for day and night).

Fact. The silent complex includes VSS, AS “Val” and NRS (scout shooting knife). All models were developed by the Tula Arms Plant as a personal weapon for special forces special forces. Automatic and rifle magazines can be loaded from a clip.

Self-loading hunting carbine KO VSS

The modernized version of the sniper rifle differs from its prototype primarily in its elongated barrel (up to 403 millimeters) and the absence of perforations. This weapon is optimized for the 9x39 cartridge. The total length of the product is 985 millimeters, and the weight is 2.9 kilograms.

The carbine does not have the ability to fire bursts. But the muffler installed on this model is a real one, a combat one, with standard “stuffing”.

The arms factory in the city of Tula produces two models of hunting carbine: KO VSS and KO VSS-01. The latest modification is distinguished by the presence of a Picatinny rail.

Civilian weapons are intended for amateur hunting and fishing in almost all climatic regions. The exception is tropical zones with high humidity.

Conclusion

The high interest in sniper weapons at present is associated with the specific international situation, the increased number of terrorist attacks and local conflicts. Its effectiveness has been proven by many years of service in special units of the armed forces.

Of course, these weapons are modernized and changed, adapting to new requirements. However, today, the VSS firmly occupies one of the first places among rifles of this level.

Sniper rifle VSS Vintorez, (VSS - Sniper Special Rifle), created at the Klimovsky TsNIITOCHMASH design team led by Pyotr Serdyukov Photo (c) KardeN

VSS Vintorez s optical sight PSO-1 and tactical flashlight Photo (c) KardeN

VSS Vintorez sniper rifle and AS Val assault rifle Photo (c) KardeN

Feedback from an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

“Great rifle. Compact, handy, accurate. In our division it is used with AS machine magazines. Standard SP-5 and SPP cartridges have, to a small extent, different ballistics, so our snipers, depending on preferences, bring their rifles to normal combat under the type of cartridge they like. The only depressing thing is the absence of a cheekpiece on the butt, which apparently was done for the sake of a quick transition, when shooting, to mechanical sighting devices.”.

KardeN - employee special unit Ministry of Internal Affairs, which has extensive combat experience in “hot spots”

History of creation

The intensification of confrontation between the Soviet Union and the West in the seventies of the last century, the expansion of the geography of undeclared wars and local military conflicts required more and more new types of special weapons, including for combat at short distances with enemy personnel equipped with personal protective equipment. In 1987, a new weapon-cartridge complex "Vintorez" was adopted by special forces units of the KGB of the USSR and reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Soviet Armed Forces, and units of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation "Special Sniper Rifle" (VSS) index 6P29. The new weapon, which is a group means of covert attack and defense, was intended to hit targets with sniper fire in conditions requiring silent and flameless shooting at open enemy personnel (destruction of enemy command personnel, his reconnaissance groups, observers and sentries), as well as incapacitation surveillance devices, elements military equipment and destruction of unarmored vehicles at ranges of up to 400 m during the day with an optical sight and 300 m at night with a night sight.

Silencing the sound of a shot is based on the integrating principle. When a bullet passes past many holes in the walls of the barrel, powder gases penetrate through them into the expansion chamber of the muffler not immediately, but sequentially. With such a consistent expansion of hot powder gases, their temperature drops, therefore, the volume and “exhaust” pressure are reduced. In addition, during the process described above, a single sound exhaust is split into many components. Residual sound waves, reflected from the obliquely placed partitions of the separator, overlap each other in opposite phases and are mutually absorbed. The rifle can fire both single shots and bursts. For concealed carry, the sight, stock and silencer are separated from the rifle. All these parts fit into dimensions of 37x27x4.5 cm and can be carried in an ordinary briefcase.

Shooting is carried out with special SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges. The bullets of the SP-6 cartridges have a steel core and a powder charge that is strengthened by 20% compared to the SP-5 cartridge. At a distance of 200 meters, a bullet from the SP-6 cartridge pierces a steel sheet 6 mm thick, at a distance of 500 meters - 2 mm thick, while unconditionally hitting living targets located behind these covers. However, unless necessary, it is not recommended to shoot only SP-6 cartridges, as they cause increased wear on the barrel and weapon mechanism. The SP-5 cartridge is used for shooting at unarmored targets and for training. The ballistics of the SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges are different in trajectory height, so the rifle must be sighted separately for each of these ammunition.

The sighting range on the head is 200 meters, on the body - 400 meters. The rifle is equipped with sights: optical PSO-1 and night sights NSPU-3. The disadvantage of this rifle, according to the experience of its combat use among the troops, is the low strength of some parts, especially the receiver cover, as well as a click when switching the fire mode safety lever. VSS rifle, just like any other sniper weapon, requires especially careful handling, which is not always possible to observe in combat conditions. The design of Vintorez is extremely simple. Its peculiarity is the firing mechanism, consisting of a firing pin and two sears - one for automatic, the other for single fire. The principle of automation and barrel locking is the same as that of a Kalashnikov assault rifle.

The VSS rifle consists of a barrel with a receiver, a silencer with sights, a stock, a bolt frame with a gas piston, a bolt, a return mechanism, a hammer mechanism, a trigger mechanism, a forend, a gas tube, a receiver cover and a magazine. The VSS automation operates on the principle of removing powder gases from the barrel bore into a gas chamber located on top of the barrel under a plastic fore-end; the barrel bore is locked by turning the bolt with six lugs. The gas piston is rigidly connected to the bolt frame. The inside of the piston is hollow, and a return spring enters it at its front end. The USM is a striker type, allowing both single and automatic fire.

The safety box, located on the right side of the receiver, simultaneously closes the groove for the reloading handle, protecting the box from dust and dirt getting inside. The fire type translator is mounted inside the trigger guard, behind the trigger. When it moves horizontally to the right, single fire is conducted, and when it moves to the left, automatic shooting occurs. The reloading handle is located on the right side of the receiver. Sights consist of an open sector sight mounted on the muffler body and designed for a firing range of up to 400 m, and a front sight in the muffler. Food is supplied from a plastic box magazine with a double-row arrangement with a capacity of 10 rounds. The butt is wooden, made similar to the SVD and equipped with a rubber butt.

The VSS is equipped with an integrated device for silent-flameless shooting (SFS), mounted on the barrel. The action of the PBS rifle is associated with the unusual design of the barrel itself. Its front part, closed by a muffler, has six rows of through holes made along the bottom of the rifling. When fired, as the bullet moves along the barrel, the powder gases exit through these holes into the muffler cylinder, and then are successively dispersed, pass through expansion chambers, a separator, are broken into mutually extinguishing flows, and are cooled by a mesh radiator rolled into a roll. The separator includes several partitions installed at different angles to the axis of the bore. This design of the muffler, along with the use of the SP-5 cartridge with optimal ballistic characteristics, made it possible to significantly reduce the level of unmasking signs (sound and flame of a shot). The VSS can be equipped with a PSO-1 type sight, any standard night sight (NSPUM, NSPU-3), as well as PO-3x34 type sights with a special adapter.

The weapon can be disassembled into three units (barrel with silencer, receiver with trigger mechanism and butt) and, together with the sight and magazines, is packed in a “diplomat” type suitcase with dimensions of 450x370x140 mm, and the time required to transfer the weapon from the transport position to the combat position is , is no more than 1 minute. On the basis of Vintorez, the Special Automatic (AS) “Val” and the small-sized SR-3 “Vikhr” assault rifle were created. The service life of the VSS rifle is officially 1,500 rounds, but with timely care, cleaning and lubrication, this weapon can withstand up to 5,000 rounds without deteriorating in combat quality.

Since the VSS is a weapon-cartridge complex, a few words about the SP-5 cartridge. The 9-mm SP-5 sniper cartridge with a heavy bullet weighing 16.2 g was created by TsNIITOCHMASH designers N. Zabelin, L. Dvoryaninova and Yu. Frolov, based on the cartridge case of the intermediate cartridge mod. 1943. The subsonic muzzle velocity of this cartridge (270 - 280 m/s) provides the necessary reduction in sound level when using a silencer, and the increased mass of the bullet with a steel core provides sufficient penetrating effect at ranges up to 400 m. The weight of the SP-5 cartridge is 32 .2 g, cartridge length - 56 mm. The relatively low speed of a heavy bullet is partly compensated by its high energy and lateral load, which ensures stability on the trajectory and sufficient penetration. Based on the SP-5, the SP-6 “armor-piercing” cartridge was developed. The SP-6 has a tungsten carbide core bullet and penetrates a 6mm steel plate at a distance of 100 meters. Both of these ammunition can be used for firing from the Vintorez VSS.

When working in a sniper pair, it is very desirable for one of the snipers to have a Vintorez. He begins silent shooting, “taking down” those who are in the enemy’s rear ranks. Another sniper, armed with a conventional rifle, is included in the events when the enemy discovers the results of the “silent” operation. In another variant, a shooter with any “noisy” weapon finds himself firing, provoking the enemy to retaliate. After which a sniper with a Vintorez destroys identified enemy firing points from close ranges under the noise cover of a partner. The Vintorez is especially effective at night with a night sight during combat operations in populated areas.

The BCC is designed to perform precise, accurate, and quiet work in a bite-and-run manner. You should not get carried away with frequent and prolonged shooting from it. For precision combat, the backlash between the working surfaces of the working parts is left minimal, and after shooting three full magazines, deposits of powder deposits negatively affect the flawless operation of the mechanism. In continuous mode, the weapon can withstand large quantity shots, but after cooling down, the Vintorez begins to delay. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in damp weather, because with increased air humidity, powder deposits tend to “swell.” Therefore, the rifle should be cleaned as often as possible. For continuous automatic silent shooting, there is a special AS “Val” assault rifle, which is structurally similar to the VSS rifle and has a large spread of bullets. Due to the low weight and relatively heavy firing pin, when it is released and moved forward, a slight displacement of the weapon back is observed due to the reaction of the mainspring. Therefore, when shooting from the VSS, you should press the butt more tightly into your shoulder. Lubricating cartridges is prohibited!

The special sniper rifle “Vintorez” is produced at the Tula Arms Plant and is in service with special forces of the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as the FSB and the Presidential Security Service. In addition, it is exported to the Middle East and South America, as well as in the USA. The VSS, which appeared in the late 80s, has become a weapons legend in the 10 years of its existence. In combat use, Vintorez is an order of magnitude more effective than all known weapons of this class and purpose. Practical Americans prefer the silent and invisible death of Russian production to the widely advertised NATO systems.

However, the person who fought with it in Chechnya can best tell you about the VSS and the effectiveness of its use in battle. Let me give an excerpt from the magazine “Soldier of Fortune” No. 8 / 1997: “The AS/VSS weapon system is close to the ideal weapon for special forces. Its skillful use can work wonders. So, for example, during one of the close fire battles, a reconnaissance group from our unit (group commander - I. Ch.) managed to “overwhelm” 5 people, including the lead patrol, until the opposing side began to understand something. The presence of standard day and night optics, an armor-piercing cartridge and an effective integrated silent and flameless firing device allows us to solve most of the problems that may arise before a “special forces” unit. For example, the classic problem of “taking down a sentry” is solved perfectly by VSS (better than a thrown knife, crossbow or God knows what else). This weapon is not for conscripts! Especially with the quality of the conscription contingent as it is now. You need to monitor it much more carefully than any infantry weapon (AK, PK, SVD). I, who was brought up on a Kalashnikov assault rifle, can’t even look at the firing mechanism without tears – everything is so miniature. There are some shortcomings: for example, the plastic forend does not “sit” tightly in its place, there is no bag for a night sight, the 10-round magazines for the VSS, I think, need to be replaced with 20-round ones (and for the AC, a 30-round one would probably be useful ). Upon receiving the BCC, I immediately put into storage all my AKMS with PBS, which we brought with us for lack of anything better.”