Average life expectancy in the world. Countries with the highest life expectancy

To paraphrase catchphrase Ilf and Petrov from the novel “12 Chairs”, one might say “statistics knows everything... about demography.” About how long people live and how life expectancy has changed as humanity has developed. Statistical methods provide a general picture of the state of society and allow us to make a forecast of expected changes.

Methodology for determining average life expectancy

Average life expectancy (ALS) is a forecast, statistically calculated using probability theory, which shows how many years on average people born or at a certain age will live. The calculation is performed for a given calendar year, with the assumption that the mortality rate for all age groups will remain the same as at the time of the study. Despite the presence of conventions, the indicator is stable and not subject to sharp fluctuations. The law of large numbers, another tool of statistical research, plays a role.

In fact, life expectancy is an indicator of population mortality. The first calculation methods appeared in ancient times and were improved with the development of mathematics, statistics and demography. For example, they began to take into account infant mortality separately or differently. In developed countries it is small and does not distort the overall picture. The situation looks different in poor countries, where infant mortality rates are high but most survive the riskiest period first three years then saves good health and ability to work into old age. If life expectancy were calculated as the arithmetic average of all deaths, the result would be a number that does not really reflect the mortality rate of the working-age population.

The methodology used in Russia covers age groups from 0 to 110 years. You can get acquainted with the algorithm by following the link. The Russian methodology uses arithmetic averages for groups as an intermediate result for further calculations, where, step by step, through the formulas of probability theory, an indicator is gradually derived by which one can judge the demographic situation in the country.

Video: life expectancy in Russia

Sometimes it is mistakenly believed that SJV is average age died within a year. Indeed, the civil registry office sends such information to Rosstat in the form of tables. Registry office statistics on the deceased are used for calculations as one of many inputs. The final results may coincide, but this happens extremely rarely.

In literature and scientific usage two terms are used:

average life expectancy,
life expectancy.

They are synonyms and mean the same thing. The second, a tracing-paper from the English life expectancy, entered Russian speech and began to be used more often as scientific cooperation with demographers around the world expanded.

Russia in historical perspective

Despite the difficult internal situation in Russia, associated with a protracted economic crisis and external influence due to sanctions from a number of countries and organizations, 2015 was marked by a demographic record. The average life expectancy of men was 65.9, women - 76.5, total - 71.4 years. Never before have Russians lived so long.

The results of 2018 will be summed up by March 2019, but already now, according to preliminary calculations, the overall figure is expected to increase by at least 8 months. If the forecast is correct, the male figure will approach 66.8, and for women - 77.2 years.

In 2017, life expectancy was 72.7 years (an increase of 0.83 years compared to 2016 - 71.87 years).” “The increase in life expectancy has affected both men and women. Men: 67.51 years (increase by 1.01 years compared to 2016), women: 77.64 years (increase by 0.58 years compared to 2016).

http://www.statdata.ru/spg_reg_rf

All data is publicly available on the website of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service).

There, by going to the appropriate section, you can make an interactive selection by year, time period and population group.

Table: life expectancy at birth in Russia

Years	Whole population			Urban population			Rural population
Years	Total	men	women	Total	men	women	Total	men	women
1896–1897	30,54	29,43	31,69	29,77	27,62	32,24	30,63	29,66	31,66
(across 50 provinces of European Russia)	30,54	29,43	31,69	29,77	27,62	32,24	30,63	29,66	31,66
1926–1927	42,93	40,23	45,61	43,92	40,37	47,50	42,86	40,39	45,30
(for the European part of the RSFSR)	42,93	40,23	45,61	43,92	40,37	47,50	42,86	40,39	45,30
1961–1962	68,75	63,78	72,38	68,69	63,86	72,48	68,62	63,40	72,33
1970–1971	68,93	63,21	73,55	68,51	63,76	73,47	68,13	61,78	73,39
1980–1981	67,61	61,53	73,09	68,09	62,39	73,18	66,02	59,30	72,47
1990	69,19	63,73	74,30	69,55	64,31	74,34	67,97	62,03	73,95
1995	64,52	58,12	71,59	64,70	58,30	71,64	63,99	57,64	71,40
2000	65,34	59,03	72,26	65,69	59,35	72,46	64,34	58,14	71,66
2001	65,23	58,92	72,17	65,57	59,23	72,37	64,25	58,07	71,57
2002	64,95	58,68	71,90	65,40	59,09	72,18	63,68	57,54	71,09
2003	64,84	58,53	71,85	65,36	59,01	72,20	63,34	57,20	70,81
2004	65,31	58,91	72,36	65,87	59,42	72,73	63,77	57,56	71,27
2005	65,37	58,92	72,47	66,10	59,58	72,99	63,45	57,22	71,06
2006	66,69	60,43	73,34	67,43	61,12	73,88	64,74	58,69	71,86
2007	67,61	61,46	74,02	68,37	62,20	74,54	65,59	59,57	72,56
2008	67,99	61,92	74,28	68,77	62,67	74,83	65,93	60,00	72,77
2009	68,78	62,87	74,79	69,57	63,65	75,34	66,67	60,86	73,27
2010	68,94	63,09	74,88	69,69	63,82	75,39	66,92	61,19	73,42
2011	69,83	64,04	75,61	70,51	64,67	76,10	67,99	62,40	74,21
2012	70,24	64,56	75,86	70,83	65,10	76,27	68,61	63,12	74,66
2013	70,76	65,13	76,30	71,33	65,64	76,70	69,18	63,75	75,13
2014*	70,93	65,29	76,47	71,44	65,75	76,83	69,49	64,07	75,43
2015	71,39	65,92	76,71	71,91	66,38	77,09	69,90	64,67	75,59
*Starting from 2014, data taking into account the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.

In pre-revolutionary Russia, the average life expectancy was about 30 years. First World War and Civil War only made the situation worse, after which Soviet time saw steady growth as decisions were made social problems and life got better. Even the monstrous losses in the Great Patriotic War 1941-45 did not change the trend. By 1950 the figure was: women - 62, men - 54 years.

By 1990, the USSR had reached its demographic peak, the total for the entire country was 69.2 years. This was followed by the collapse of the Soviet state, and in Russian Federation the demographic crisis began. In the 90s, the sad term “Russian cross” appeared, which was used to describe the intersection of curves - rising mortality and falling birth rates. The population loss was 1 million people a year, it seemed that Russia was dying out.
The turning point came in the 2000s. The country has risen. By 2012, the birth rate exceeded the death rate. Rosstat also noted a shift in the average life expectancy of the population, which for the first time became more than 70 years.

Russia has a huge, unevenly populated territory. The Federation consists of 85 regions with different levels development, population income and quality of social services. Accordingly, their life expectancy is not the same. Traditionally, people live for a long time in the Caucasus and in the capitals - Moscow and St. Petersburg; the situation is worst in Tuva and Chukotka.

Table: life expectancy by region of the Russian Federation in 2013

№№	Region of Russia	Both sexes	Men	Women	№№	Region of Russia	Both sexes	Men	Women
1	The Republic of Ingushetia	78,84	75,97	81,32	43	Kostroma region	69,86	64,31	75,29
2	Moscow	76,37	72,31	80,17	44	Ivanovo region	69,84	63,90	75,42
3	The Republic of Dagestan	75,63	72,31	78,82	45	Sverdlovsk region	69,81	63,64	75,86
4	Saint Petersburg	74,22	69,43	78,38	46	Altai region	69,77	64,11	75,44
5	Republic of North Ossetia-Alania	73,94	68,46	79,06	47	Bryansk region	69,75	63,32	76,32
6	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	73,94	69,21	78,33	48	Omsk region	69,74	63,86	75,57
7	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic	73,71	69,03	78,08	49	Republic of Bashkortostan	69,63	63,66	75,84
8	Chechen Republic	73,20	70,23	76,01	50	Chelyabinsk region	69,52	63,48	75,46
9	Stavropol region	72,75	67,91	77,27	51	Nizhny Novgorod Region	69,42	63,06	75,75
10	Krasnodar region	72,29	67,16	77,27	52	Tula region	69,41	63,22	75,57
11	Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra	72,23	67,27	77,08	53	Samara Region	69,40	63,28	75,50
12	Belgorod region	72,16	66,86	77,32	54	Vologda Region	69,35	63,21	75,63
13	Republic of Tatarstan	72,12	66,35	77,73	55	Mari El Republic	69,30	62,82	76,13
14	Republic of Adygea	71,80	66,55	76,97	56	Komi Republic	69,27	63,22	75,39
15	Penza region	71,54	65,47	77,52	57	Republic of Karelia	69,19	63,17	75,05
16	Volgograd region	71,42	66,11	76,57	58	Vladimir region	69,13	62,78	75,44
17	Rostov region	71,39	66,34	76,28	59	The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	69,13	63,54	75,00
18	Tyumen region	71,35	65,97	76,72	60	Krasnoyarsk region	69,06	63,35	74,77
19	Republic of Kalmykia	71,35	65,65	77,25	61	Orenburg region	68,90	63,10	74,82
20	Astrakhan region	71,34	65,91	76,72	62	Smolensk region	68,90	62,93	74,97
21	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	71,23	66,53	75,88	63	Perm region	68,75	62,61	74,89
22	Tambov Region	70,93	64,87	77,15	64	The Republic of Khakassia	68,57	62,95	74,14
23	Voronezh region	70,89	64,81	77,03	65	Kurgan region	68,27	61,93	74,97
24	Chuvash Republic	70,79	64,59	77,19	66	Primorsky Krai	68,19	62,77	73,92
25	Moscow region	70,78	65,10	76,30	67	Tver region	68,13	62,28	74,03
26	Ryazan Oblast	70,74	64,77	76,61	68	Kamchatka Krai	67,98	62,59	74,07
27	Saratov region	70,67	65,01	76,19	69	Khabarovsk region	67,92	62,13	73,96
28	Lipetsk region	70,66	64,56	76,77	70	Pskov region	67,82	61,81	74,05
29	The Republic of Mordovia	70,56	64,79	76,39	71	Kemerovo region	67,72	61,50	74,04
30	Kaliningrad region	70,51	65,10	75,68	72	Sakhalin region	67,70	62,17	73,53
31	Ulyanovsk region	70,50	64,64	76,30	73	Novgorod region	67,67	60,89	74,75
32	Murmansk region	70,46	65,15	75,26	74	The Republic of Buryatia	67,67	62,32	73,06
33	Yaroslavl region	70,45	64,25	76,37	75	Altai Republic	67,34	61,48	73,44
34	Leningrad region	70,36	64,73	76,05	76	Magadan Region	67,12	61,84	72,77
35	Tomsk region	70,33	64,78	75,90	77	Transbaikal region	67,11	61,47	73,10
36	Kirov region	70,26	64,31	76,29	78	Irkutsk region	66,72	60,32	73,28
37	Oryol Region	70,22	64,36	75,92	79	Amur region	66,38	60,59	72,59
38	Novosibirsk region	70,19	64,29	76,13	80	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	65,76	60,22	75,21
39	Arhangelsk region	70,16	64,11	76,27	81	Jewish Autonomous Region	64,94	58,84	71,66
40	Kursk region	70,14	64,27	76,00	82	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	62,11	58,65	66,42
41	Kaluga region	70,02	64,43	75,51	83	Tyva Republic	61,79	56,37	67,51
42	Udmurt republic	69,92	63,52	76,33	Note: Crimea and Sevastopol, which became part of the Russian Federation in 2014, are not taken into account.

The situation is clearly presented on the map of Russia.

Statistics, which present information in the form of tables, graphs and presentations, are tools for the executive and legislative branches to help make decisions in domestic politics and economics.

Russia and the world

Life expectancy depends on many factors, the most significant of which are:

heredity;
food quality;
level of healthcare;
working and living conditions;
ecological situation and climatic features;
public education;
habits and traditions rooted in the people;
internal and foreign policy authorities.

Historically, Russia has been inferior in life expectancy to its neighbors. The gap continues to this day. Main reasons:

harsh climate and vast distances;
wars, epidemics and political upheavals of the 20th century;
mistakes of the country's leadership, anti-people policy at the turn of the era.

In 2010, according to the UN, Russian life expectancy of 66.7 years was in modest 136th place in the world ranking. Of the republics of the former USSR, the situation was worse only in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

Video: Life expectancy in the world, 2014

In 2015, the indicator improved; Russia is still in the second hundred, but already in 110th place. Over 5 years, an increase of 26 points, in numerical terms - 70.5 years.

Table: UN ranking on life expectancy

Rating	A country	both sexes	husband.	wives	m. rank	and. rank
1	Japan	83,7	80,5	86,8	7	1
2	Switzerland	83,1	80,0	86,1	1	6
3	Singapore	83,0	80,0	85,0	10	2
4	Australia	82,8	80,9	84,8	3	7
5	Spain	82,8	80,1	85,5	9	3
6	Iceland	82,7	81,2	84,1	2	10
7	Italy	82,7	80,5	84,8	6	8
8	Israel	82,5	80,6	84,3	5	9
9	France	82,4	79,4	85,4	4	5
10	Sweden	82,4	80,7	84,0	16	12

Russia is among the countries with life expectancy in the range of 71.1–69.7 years.

Table: Russia in UN rankings

106	Kyrgyzstan	71,1	67,2	75,1	111	102
107	Egypt	70,9	68,8	73,2	100	111
108	Bolivia	70,7	68,2	73,3	103	110
109	DPRK	70,6	67,0	74,0	113	108
110	Russia	70,5	64,7	76,3	127	89
111	Kazakhstan	70,5	65,7	74,7	123	106
112	Belize	70,1	67,5	73,1	110	114
113	Fiji	69,9	67,0	73,1	114	115
114	Butane	69,8	69,5	70,1	97	126
115	Tajikistan	69,7	66,6	73,6	116	109

Taking into account such positive factors as the size of the Russian economy, the volume of foreign trade, the size of gold and foreign exchange reserves, the position of the Russian Federation in the UN ranking can be called depressing and inconsistent with its capabilities, unless, of course, we take into account the positive dynamics of the last five-year plan.

The main reason Russia lags behind many prosperous countries in life expectancy is that the level of poverty and uneven, and sometimes unfair, distribution of income are still high. Millions of people do not receive the guarantees of social protection declared by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, and suicidal tendencies lead to early and sudden deaths. Insufficient control of supervisory authorities over labor protection and road safety contributes to the population decline. Shortcomings in the work of medical institutions, catering establishments, and non-compliance of food products with GOST standards reduce the quality of life, which leads to a deterioration in the health of the population in all regions. There are many problems and everything needs to be solved.

Prospects for life expectancy in the Russian Federation

The demographic situation is very sensitive to external influences and internal processes in society. In order for the positive trends of recent years to continue and not go backwards, constant attention of the state leadership is required on the entire range of problems.

Forecast for this moment optimistic.

There has been stability in the economy. The country's leadership declares further growth in the well-being of the people.
Medical statistics show a decrease in mortality in oncology, tuberculosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Smoking and alcohol abuse cessation is cultivated among the population. The number of supporters of a healthy lifestyle is increasing. There is widespread participation in sports and physical education.
In 2019, the foreign policy situation is expected to improve and tensions with NATO countries to decrease.

There are many factors, some may increase, others may weaken. Statistical studies of demographic processes will make it possible to specify them.

As is known, diseases of the circulatory system and cancer in Russia collectively account for more than 60% of all deaths. If either of these two indicators decreased even slightly, we would immediately see a decrease in overall mortality in the country.

Eduard Gavrilov
http://www.rosbalt.ru/russia/2016/02/11/1488872.html

The Russian government is confident that in the near future Russia will continue to grow in the UN rankings.

By 2020, life expectancy should increase to 74 years, and the population of Russia - to 147.5 million people.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev
https://ria.ru/society/20160406/1403490899.html

We have sudden jump The life expectancy of men has increased by 7 and a half years over the past few years. This is one of the leading results in the world.

Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Veronika Skvortsova.
https://ria.ru/society/20151002/1295379439.html

Video: average life expectancy in Russia

If the government implements plans to really increase the population's income and improve the quality of life, then life expectancy will continue to increase. The population can help the government achieve this demographic task if they take care of their health, give up bad habits and actively engage in physical education and sports.

The Russian public regularly puts forward a proposal to make the indicator of average life expectancy in the regions the main one for determining the effectiveness of local authorities. The initiative did not find legislative support, but has not been removed from the agenda. After all, the mortality rate and survival rate for all population groups clearly show the state of society and the social security of its citizens.

Every year, socio-demographic background studies are conducted in every country in the world. Its change is influenced by many factors: fertility, mortality, state policy in the social sphere, retirement age, national health index, and much more. This research forms the basis of the ranking, which shows life expectancy by country. Why is this necessary? Using the rating, experts determine where the highest is.

Some terminology and statistics

To fully understand this topic, you should define the basic terms. by country - this is a demographic indicator that demonstrates the mortality rate of the population. In other words, this is the average number of years lived by the average person. The indicator is constantly changing. This is due to events that take place in different countries and affect life expectancy.

Such a parameter as life expectancy by country also depends on many chronic diseases. It should be noted that young people modern stage acquire chronic diseases that just 40 years ago were the lot of older people. This is caused by environmental degradation, a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, human transition to the model of consumer society.

According to WHO estimates, the main indicator of the quality of the healthcare system is the average life expectancy by country. This index shows the number of years that, on average, people born in the same year or who have reached a specific age in the present time should live. This index will be considered correct if we assume that over the course of their lives, mortality in a particular age group will not differ significantly from what it was in the same year.

Every year, experts carry out a check based on which they draw conclusions about changes in the fertility and mortality index. Characteristics such as the age of the deceased people and the causes of their death are taken into account. Based on these data, an indicator such as average life expectancy by country is derived.

The struggle to improve living standards

Life expectancy in the Atlantic countries, Japan and China continues to remain high. At the same time, the trend towards a decrease in the birth rate remains confidently. States are trying to combat this problem by taking a variety of measures. Efforts are aimed not only at increasing people's life expectancy.

Scientists have identified the threshold that a person can live, according to the genetic material embedded in him. This is an average of 120 years. Therefore, science and medicine have room for improvement. Life expectancy across countries today is significantly lower than we would like. Therefore, various scientific centers at the present stage are busy solving the problem of human aging and prolonging his youth. IN last years there have been many loud statements on this topic. There was talk about breakthroughs in the study of this problem and the achievement of some results. The work today is very expensive. Even those countries in the world that are quite rich will not be able to apply them en masse to the population. Therefore, governments continue to pay full attention to changing the mindset of the population towards a healthy lifestyle and improving medical care elderly people.

Mortality rates are different for men and women

The average life expectancy in countries around the world among men, according to statistics, is less than that of women. Approximately 4-6 years. Depending on the country, its development prospects, economic and political components. In some states the gap is even greater - up to 10-14 years.

What factors affect men's lives?

The average life expectancy by country among men depends on many factors. The presence of bad habits, nutrition, how much he sleeps, how he rests, whether he plays sports, what illnesses he suffers from. These are the main physical aspects that directly affect life expectancy.

The working conditions in which men work, the hard physical work, and the danger of the profession have also been reduced for several years. This also includes the passion for extreme sports, the popularity of which is now gaining momentum all over the world. The love of risk is not in vain for the body.

Wars. New armed conflicts are emerging around the world. Since the male half of humanity takes part in them, their life span is correspondingly reduced.

Also, men reduce their age due to the psychological component. They strive to live on their own and are most susceptible to panic and stress due to the fact that they are too impulsive. Lately they have become too apathetic towards their family, loved ones, and others. The lack of passion for something, the ability to switch the mind from thoughts about work, financial situation lead to a deterioration in a person’s emotional state. All this affects the psychological state of men and leads to wear and tear of the body.

What can you say about the standard of living of women?

Why is women's life expectancy higher? This is largely due to the development of medicine. Early detection of diseases, reduction of child mortality, infectious diseases. Women are more attentive to their health, and if something bothers them, they will consult a doctor immediately, without delaying it for later.

Women are less likely than men to bad habits. They pay a lot of attention to proper nutrition, exercise, and an energetic lifestyle. In the psychological aspect, women are more inert and stable. Despite their emotional behavior, they can find their core not only in work, but also in the family to which they are more attached. Women are constantly interested in something, go to all sorts of courses or learn them on their own at home. All-round activity, not only physically, but also psychologically, helps maintain health. By doing so, women prolong their lives.

World indicators

As already mentioned, the ranking of countries by life expectancy is updated every year. Unfortunately, according to the results of last year’s list, the residents of Russia have nothing to rejoice at. Our state confidently ranks only 129th. The average life expectancy is slightly higher than 66 years. If we compare, the list of countries with life expectancy exceeding Russia is as follows (the following were taken into account:

Kazakhstan (a little over 67 years old).
Turkmenistan (slightly over 68 years old).
Kyrgyzstan (68.9 years).

The leading countries in life expectancy are as follows:

Japan. The average life expectancy index is 82.15 years.
Singapore. Life expectancy reaches 82 years.
France. People in this country live on average about 81 years.

Among the outsiders, countries such as Zambia, Angola and Swaziland particularly stand out. This is primarily due to the fact that military conflicts constantly occur in these states.

Conclusion

This review described the situation related to life expectancy. As an example, some countries were given that occupy both leading and lagging positions. We hope that this review will help you understand this complex topic.

Thanks to the development of modern medicine, people's life expectancy is constantly increasing. Comprehensive health programs adopted in different countries, information about proper nutrition And healthy way life, innovative methods of physiotherapy and fundamentally new medications - all this does its job. In our review we will talk about where in the world people live the longest.

1. Luxembourg

81.33 years
Citizens of one of the smallest countries in Europe have one of the highest life expectancies in the world. Luxembourg is also notable for selling the largest amount of alcohol per capita in Europe (although these figures are skewed by large quantity foreigners who come to the country to buy alcohol).

2. Republic of Korea

81.43 years
The Republic of Korea (South Korea) focuses on the health of its citizens even more than some Western world. Even though Koreans live long, they face a serious and growing pollution problem. environment and urbanization. Almost half of all 51 million Koreans live in the Seoul metropolitan area. Moreover, there is increasing concern in South Korea causes mental health, as the country has recorded the most high level suicides in industrialized countries (26 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants).

3. New Zealand

81.56 years
New Zealand is a paradise for any adventurer. With an outstanding diversity of animals, as well as a unique climate, New Zealand is one of the most... convenient places for living on Earth. The calm and sedate way of life in this country has become famous throughout the world.

4. Canada

81.78 years
One of the most developed countries on the planet, Canada is also one of the most popular among immigrants. However, Canada is also the most educated country in the world - more than half of adults (51%) have at least a bachelor's degree. Despite the huge number of immigrants who come to the country each year (Canada receives 10% of the world's refugees each year), life expectancy figures have not declined as much as might be expected.

5. France

81.84 years
The French are known as some of the healthiest people in the world. A combination of a healthy Mediterranean diet, one of best systems health care in the world, as well as good quality life helps the French live to an average age of 81.84 years. It's also interesting that France has one of the largest discrepancies between men's and women's lifespans, with the average French woman living six years longer than the average French man.

6. Sweden

81.93 years
Across Scandinavia, the average life expectancy is over 80 years - one of the healthiest regions in the world. The record holder in Scandinavia is Sweden, which has very high quality water, as well as low level air pollution. An important factor is also that the Swedes’ diet includes a lot of fish and berries, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

7. Israel

82.07 years
Some scientists believe Israel's genetically mixed population helps extend life expectancy in the country. Israelis also have much stronger ties to their families and communities than many other countries.

8. Australia

82.09 years
Despite Australia's many challenges - a steadily rising obesity rate, as well as the world's highest rate of skin cancer - Australians live to an average of 82.09 years. Some of the main reasons for this are the program to reduce the smoking rate in the country, as well as the high literacy of Australians.

9. Spain

82.27 years
The Spaniards live long lives largely due to their Mediterranean diet and favorable climate. Spain also has one of the lowest suicide rates in the world.

10. Iceland

82.3 years
Icelanders can thank their unique climate, efficient healthcare system and the abundance of fresh fish in their diet for their longevity. At the same time, Icelanders live in one of the least polluted countries on Earth. Iceland makes full use of geothermal energy, and local residents benefit from hot water straight from the island's hot springs.

11. Singapore

82.64 years
Most residents of Singapore (which is the only island city-state in the world) live over 82 years. This is largely due to the government, which has tightly regulated the number of cars on the roads and has also introduced a comprehensive healthcare system that focuses on the prevention of chronic diseases.

12. Switzerland

82.66 years
In the alpine paradise, Switzerland, high incomes, fresh air And happy people. One of the main reasons why the Swiss live so long is that Switzerland is a leader in investing in healthcare, talent development and education for its citizens. Combined with low crime rates and strong social cohesion, this produces amazing results.

13. Italy

82.84 years
The high ranking of Italians on the list is a mystery, since the country has poor healthcare and lower incomes than other countries on the list. However, Italy has the third highest life expectancy in the world. Besides the previously mentioned Mediterranean diet and wonderful temperate climate, Italy has long had a more close-knit community than most other countries.

14. Japan

83.3 years
Some researchers call the Japanese the most healthy people on the planet. The country is also famous for the number of centenarians (people over 100 years old) per capita: 34.85 per 100,000. Largest quantity long-livers lives on the island of Okinawa, where they eat a lot of algae.

15. Hong Kong

83.73 years
On the one hand, it is strange that Hong Kong residents are in first place, since it is here that there is very little living space per person, and also constant stress At work. But the Cantonese diet, tai chi exercise (which almost everyone does), and brain-stimulating mahjong have led to an average lifespan of 84 years in Hong Kong.

It was thanks to the achievements of medicine that and appeared.

Did you know that life expectancy depends not only on our genes, physical activity and diet, but also on what country we live in? Thanks to the enormous achievements of modern medicine, people all over the world are living longer. Based on data World Bank, the UN, the Bloomberg news agency and reports from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) compiled a ranking of countries with the highest life expectancy. Want to know what countries these are? We present to your attention the top 10 countries where people live the longest.

10. Norway.

The average life expectancy in the country is 81.3 years. The official retirement age is 67 years. Currently, the group of people over 60 years old makes up 22 percent of the Norwegian population.

9. France.

The average life expectancy in France is 81.67 years. The official retirement age is 60 years. Pensioners over 60 years of age make up 24 percent of the country's population.

8. Israel.

The average Israeli citizen lives 81.76 years. Men retire at age 67, and women at age 62. 15 percent of Israel's population are over 60 years of age.

7. Sweden.

Swedes live on average 81.8 years. They retire at the age of 65. Already more than 25 percent of the population of this country is over 60 years old. Interestingly, only 4.1 percent of Swedish pensioners live with their adult children. This is one of the lowest rates in the world.

6. Australia.

81.85 years is the average life expectancy in Australia. The official retirement age for men is 65 years, for women - 64 years. Currently, 20 per cent of Australian society are over 60 years of age.

5. Italy.

The average Italian lives 82.09 years. The retirement age for men is 65 years, for women - 60 years. People over 60 years old make up 27 percent of the total Italian population.

4. Spain.

People in Spain live on average 82.33 years. Both men and women retire here at the age of 65. People over 60 make up 23 percent of the Spanish population.

3. Iceland.

The average life expectancy in the country is 82.36 years, and the retirement age is 67 years. Thanks to the good demographic situation, the population over 60 years of age is only 17 percent. FYI: Iceland has one of the highest birth rates in Europe.

2. Japan.

The average Japanese citizen lives 82.59 years. The Japanese retire at the age of 65. People over 60 make up 32 percent of the country's total population, the highest figure in the world.

Japan is a country where the oldest cultural traditions are harmoniously combined with the most advanced modern technologies. The peak of development of this country, according to statistical data, occurred in the late 80s - early 90s of the 20th century: during these years, Japan for some time led the world in the Human Development Index. Currently, the high life expectancy in Japan is the focus of close attention of the world community. In terms of this important social parameter, the Land of the Rising Sun today is practically ahead of the rest of the planet, without losing its gained positions.

Life expectancy in Japan

An indicator such as average life expectancy, also called average life expectancy or life expectancy, can be considered one of the most important characteristics of the development of any society. It indicates the quality of medicine, the level of culture of the population (nutrition, attitude towards one’s health, etc.), and the degree of safety of the environment (ecologically, criminally, politically), and many other factors.

Confirmation of the improvement in indicators for this parameter can be the increase in the number of people living to a ripe old age, as well as the low level of infant mortality.

According to the latest data, life expectancy in Japan is the highest in the world at 83.7 years. Japan's closest “competitor” - small Hong Kong - lags behind by 0.4 points; four more countries can boast a level exceeding the 82-year mark: Switzerland, Australia, Italy and Iceland (from 82.7 to 82.3 years).

For comparison: the lowest indicators are in most African states (the worst is in the Central African Republic - 45.91 years), among which, for obvious reasons, Afghanistan is included. The average level of life expectancy in the world fluctuates between 57-60 years.

Noteworthy is the fact that in terms of life expectancy, the Land of the Rising Sun is ahead of its competitors both in absolute terms and in terms of gender. Life expectancy in Japan for men and women is 80.9 and 86.6 years, respectively. The men of Iceland were only 0.2 years behind the Japanese, and the women of Hong Kong, with a score of 86.5 years, almost reached the level of the Japanese women. In general, the trend towards longer life expectancy for women is global and is observed in absolutely all countries. This pattern, in addition to social ones, apparently also has biological foundations.

On possible reasons for high life expectancy in Japan

Speaking about what explains the high life expectancy of the population in Japan, we can name a number of the most significant factors. First of all, it is conditioned economic development countries. The Japanese economy is the third in the world in terms of GDP and the fourth in terms of per capita ($4.395 trillion per year). However, although there is some connection between and life expectancy, there is no direct interdependence.

Why life expectancy is high in Japan can be explained by some features of the national mentality, which consist in high culture and the ability to find spiritual content in Everyday life. The Shinto religion, authentic to Japan and existing there along with Buddhism, teaches unity with nature and the search for life motivation in its beauty. It also regulates the pedantic observance of personal hygiene rules.

In addition, as an everyday way of expressing oneself, deep respect for older people, restraint and politeness in communication allow the Japanese to perhaps feel and appreciate the value and uniqueness of human life to a greater extent and ultimately treasure it more.

Medicine and healthcare system in Japan

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It is considered one of the most developed in the world, providing a high degree of social security to every citizen.

Focusing on prevention and rehabilitation has significantly reduced healthcare costs and improved its quality. Equal access to medical services is ensured by the national health insurance system.

Since 1973, it has been combined with the pension insurance system, therefore covering the entire elderly population. Flexible taxation, which provides for significant relaxations in relation to medical services, pension insurance and life insurance, additional courses and educational institutions by interest. At the same time, despite the rational attitude of the Japanese to work, they spend less time at work than their colleagues in most developed countries: 1,728 hours instead of 1,776.

The Land of the Rising Sun is also distinguished by a fairly favorable crime situation: more than two-thirds of all crimes are thefts, and murders are only 0.05% (60th place in the world for this indicator).