Temperature and humidity in the steam room. Permissible temperature in the sauna and the rules for its safe visit

Heat and steam have been proven to heal

Do you love bath treatments? Do you know what temperature in the bath is best for relaxing and having fun? And you also need to take into account the humidity of the air, as well as the presence of steam. The higher the humidity in the steam room, the more the person feels the heat.

Temperature and humidity in various types baths can be very different.

1. Russian bath. The air in them has high humidity and a low level of heat. Humidity in the steam room is regulated by pouring water onto hot stones that heat up in the stove. The higher the humidity of the air, the worse it is tolerated by the body. The optimum temperature for a Russian bath is 60-70 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity is 90%. High indoor humidity also has its advantages: the body warms up completely, with all internal organs and joints. Traditionally, brooms are used. They play the role of a kind of massager. It is known that massage is more useful if the body is already warmed up. In the process of steaming in a Russian bath, blood circulation increases, pores open, muscles relax, and toxins come out through sweat.
2. Turkish bath. The air and temperature are very different from the conditions in Russian. Women like it more, because it does not tire the body and is better tolerated. The air temperature here is not higher than 50 ° C, and the humidity is almost 100%. The steam in the Turkish bath is very thick despite low level heat. You can sit in it longer than in Russian.
3. .Humidity in Finnish saunas is much lower than in other saunas. The air is dry, the temperature rises high. Not everyone perceives such indicators easily. Discomfort brings dry mouth, burning sensation in the nose when breathing hot dry air. average temperature in a Finnish bath - 70-110 degrees Celsius, and maybe even higher. Humidity is only 10-15%.

How does heat affect the body?

When a person takes bath procedures, his body temperature rises. In the first 5-10 minutes, only the skin heats up, in the next 10 - everything internal organs. In order for the sweating process to proceed properly, sweat should be wiped off periodically.

For health - in the bath!

When blood circulates faster, blood pressure rises. The legs and arms are filled with warmth, so such procedures are useful for stagnation of blood in the limbs. But people who have problems with cardiovascular system and blood pressure, going to the steam room can be harmful.

It is contraindicated to take such procedures for patients suffering from cancer, epilepsy, asthma, ischemia and brain diseases. Regular visits to the steam room and compliance with certain rules help get rid of some ailments:

• Obesity
• Colds
• allergies
• circulatory problems
• Temperature increase

Temperature increase

There are always three sections in the room: a dressing room, a dressing room, a steam room. Each next one is hotter than the previous one. The temperature difference in the first room compared to the last is approximately 40 degrees Celsius. In the locker room - 23-25 ​​° C with a humidity of 60%, in the dressing room - 27-29 ° C, humidity - 80%, and even higher in the steam room - 50-90 degrees with a humidity of 70%. The heat rises gradually so that the body gradually gets used to the heat. In the pool, the water should not be hot. It is desirable that it be cool, 10-25 degrees Celsius, creating a contrast after hot steam.

Scientists conducted research: what is the level of heat of dry air and how long does it withstand human body. They concluded: the higher the temperature, the less time a person can sit in the steam room:

• 71 °С - 1 hour
• 82 °С - 49 minutes
• 93 °С - 33 minutes
• 104 °С - 26 minutes

A person can breathe at 116 degrees Celsius, although there have been cases when people have endured 130 degrees and above. The high temperature of water and air differ in the effect on the human body. The more a person hardens, the easier it is for him to adapt to changes in the environment.

The temperature and humidity in the bath or sauna must be monitored. To do this, there must be devices in the room that measure these indications. If there is little moisture, you can pour water on the stones, if there is a lot, open the door. When a person feels that he is hot, it is better to move to the lower shelf and away from the stove.

With a humidity of 90-100%, the heat should not be higher than 70 degrees Celsius, and 45-55 degrees is enough for the elderly and physically weakened people. At low humidity, the heat level can be high. Sweat is more intense when the air is drier.

First visits

If you already visit a steam room, then this should be done regularly, and not from time to time. The benefit to the human body is brought by constant procedures that promote sweating. For beginners, there are a few rules that will help make bath procedures comfortable.

Getting ready for the bath

1. A person who comes to the bath for the first time is not recommended to stay in the steam room for more than 5 minutes. There is no need to use brooms immediately. If the first visit went without problems, next times the time spent in the steam room can be gradually increased by 1-2 minutes.
2. Fans of bath procedures know that you need to bathe for no more than 30-35 minutes at a time. But the procedure is not determined by time: if a person feels unwell, he needs to leave the steam room.
3. Standing in a Russian bath or sauna is not recommended: you can get a heat stroke. The position should be such that it contributes to the outflow of lymph, that is, it is better to lie with your legs elevated. Thus, the load on the heart is reduced. If you can't lie down, sit down so that your legs are at the level of your torso.
4. To warm up the whole body, it is good to change positions: on one side, on the other, on the back, on the stomach. You only need to breathe through your nose - it regulates the temperature of the air you breathe: hot air cools, and dry air moisturizes.
5. It is impossible to stand up abruptly in the sauna - there is a risk of losing balance and falling. It is necessary to prepare for the exit gradually.
6. To sweat more effectively, you can gradually drink warm tea or a vitamin drink.
7. For one visit to the steam room, you can go 3-4 times. However, after each session, it is required to increase the rest time in the locker room or dressing room.
8. Between visits to the steam room, contrast procedures should be taken. After the second call, you can start patting with brooms.
9. Massage is useful for a warm body. Before him, you should not drink cold or go out into cool rooms. Self-massage takes 15 minutes, and the specialist will give you 25-35 minutes. After that, you need to take a warm shower and wash.
10. You should dress only after drying and cooling the body. After the pool or a cool douche, you can not go outside. The body should be warm and rested.

What should be the temperature and humidity in the bath during wellness procedures? Such a question is no less important than the choice of a heater or a bath broom.

First of all, it is necessary for novice attendants to know this, for whom it is difficult to determine the correct ratio of these parameters when visiting the steam room for the first time.

Temperature and humidity in steam rooms of different types

The most popular steam rooms are the Russian bath, the Finnish sauna and the Turkish hammam. They gain special popularity and trust.

What temperature should be in a bath, sauna or hammam for safe cleansing procedures?

• In the Russian steam room maximum heating is carried out at 65–90°C, humidification at 55–90%;
• In the Finnish sauna, heating is provided at 72–110°C, humidification up to 5–16%;
• In Turkish hammam heating provided at 45–50°C, humidification at 85–100%;
• In the infrared sauna heating is provided at 35–45°C, humidification at 45–60%.

It is important to understand that optimum temperature heating and humidification of the air is acceptable for all categories of visitors. However, beginners prefer gentle procedures, while experienced bath attendants are hotter.

Russian hot steam room

Finnish dry steam room

Relaxing Turkish Hamam

Increasing the temperature

The temperature in the Russian bath should rise gradually, especially when it comes to the first procedures. It is worth remembering that the maximum allowable difference between the first room and the last should not exceed 41°C. At the same time, each bath room has its own mode:

• in the steam room, heating is carried out at 55–90 ° C, humidification reaches 72%;
• in the dressing room and rest room - 28 ° C, humidity up to 78%;
• in the locker room - 26°C with a humidity of 61%.

In the pool or font, the water warms up to 15–25°C, providing a safe cooling of the body after wellness treatments.

For a dry Finnish steam room, the value of the modes that the human body is able to withstand will be different. The high level of air heating in the steam room reduces the time of procedures several times. Therefore, when visiting a Finnish steam room, it is recommended to observe the following time frames under such regimes:

• No more than 60 minutes at 72°C;
• Up to 48 minutes at 83°C;
• Up to 34 minutes at 94°C;
• Up to 27 minutes at 105°C.

The maximum allowable level of heating of the air masses in the room, at which the lungs of a person continue to function normally, is 120°C.

To comply with the mode of heating and humidifying the air, special humidity meters and thermometers are installed in the steam room.

Each visitor determines the optimal level of heating of the steam room independently, taking into account physiological characteristics, personal preferences and well-being. It is important that at the same time the bath procedures do not harm the human body.

As soon as they don’t call a bathhouse in Russia! In Russian folklore, she is both a “kindred mother”, and a “healer”, and “a savior from seven troubles”. Semyon Gerasimovich Zybelin, a student of M.V. Lomonosov, the first Russian professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University, in his book “On bathing, baths and baths” wrote about the process of washing in a bath as a pleasure. And he called the state after the bath a rebirth of strength and a renewal of feelings. His works are still being used not only by doctors, but also by everyone who in one way or another studies the properties of the bath.

There are a lot of works about the bath in general and specifically about the Russian bath. Among those who studied how the Russian bath affects the human body was the scientist, academician Ivan Tarkhanov (1846–1908) and his contemporary Professor Vyacheslav Manassein. So, Tarkhanov wrote that it is enough to slightly prick a steamed person with a pin, and he will immediately bleed in drops. This is due, according to the scientist, with an increase in body temperature when a person takes a steam bath. Blood thickens, hemoglobin rises. However, in order for the blood to return to normal, it is enough to drink 1-2 glasses of water. At what temperature did Tarkhanov's subjects soar, if his further conclusions indicate a decrease in body weight from 140 to 580 grams at this time, an increase in circumference chest and reduction (envy, women!) of the circumference of the abdomen?

It makes no sense to talk about a specific traditional temperature and humidity in a Russian bath. In numerous works of Russian scientists - A. Fadeev. V. Godlevsky, V. Znamensky, S. Kostyurin, N. Zasetsky and many others - they talk about a bath with different temperatures. So, in a classic Russian bath, the temperature ranges from 40 to 60 degrees Celsius and humidity is kept at about the same percentage level (40–60). In such a bath, the body heats up very slowly. A person is able to sit in the steam room for up to an hour. With such a combination of temperature and humidity, medical scientists note a very high inhalation effect of the procedure.

But try to lure a real bather into such a bath. He won't understand you. The steam must be strong. That is, the temperature is higher - the humidity is lower. Such baths warm up to 70-90 degrees, and the humidity there does not exceed 35 percent. If the temperature reaches 100 degrees and above, and the humidity drops even more, then we are talking about a bath, which we call a “sauna”. However, according to the works of the scientists already mentioned, it is not difficult to trace that long before they got acquainted with the Finnish sauna, there were always lovers in Russia. high temperature and very low humidity in the steam room.

The temperature and humidity in a Russian bath largely depend on the design of its furnace. If an open water tank is used in the steam room, then as the temperature rises, the water evaporates - and the bath is provided with increased humidity. The temperature of the stones in the heater in such a bath does not rise above 300 degrees Celsius. If water is poured on the stones, the so-called heavy steam is formed. It hangs in the form of mist and adversely affects the respiratory tract.

On the contrary, a closed container, and even remote from the oven, does not emit moisture at all. The stones in such a steam room can warm up to 700 degrees. It is enough to pour a bucket of water on the heater, and the liquid instantly turns into dry steam, it is also called light, or dispersed. This means that water molecules and air molecules are mixed in it.

Teachers and students of the First Moscow medical institute, having studied modern Russian baths, came to the conclusion that they are universal. Baths are built in such a way that the temperature and humidity of the air there change depending on the place where you are. So, in the dressing room the temperature will be 20–25 degrees with very moderate humidity; in the washing room it reaches the lower level of a classic bath - 30–35 degrees at a humidity of 40%; and in the steam room it will increase depending on the preference of the steamer. If you do not pour water on the heater, then perhaps the temperature will remain at a level no higher than 80 degrees with a humidity of 25-30 percent. And if you want a vigorous park - you sprinkled one or two buckets of water on the heater, and the classic sauna is ready.

The main principle of the Russian bath, which is noted by all scientists without exception: there is no maximum humidity or temperature in it. Otherwise, this is not a bath, but wandering with a broom in the fog.

Bath is a great way to strengthen the immune system, cope with a variety of ailments and relax after a hard week of work. But let's cool your ardor: this effect is achieved only with strict observance of the rules for visiting the steam room. The main mistake that beginners make - the desire to give more heat - often leads to undesirable consequences. How to choose the optimal temperature regime?

Temperature differences between different types of baths

Depending on the design features buildings, there are several types of steam rooms:

• Russian. In such a bath, stone filling is always inside a wood-burning stove. If you need to give steam, open the door and pour hot water over the stones.
• Turkish (hamam). In the classical version, it is a luxurious palace built of marble, decorated with stained-glass windows and mosaics. A modern hammam is a round-shaped room made of stone. Be sure to have several pools for ablutions.
• Japanese (ofuro). It consists of two wooden barrels: the first is filled with heated sawdust, medicinal herbs and essential oils; the second - with sea pebbles, providing massage of the entire surface of the body.
• Finnish. In this bath, the stones are in an open state, and the stove in a modern design is most often electric. Often, such buildings are complemented by a pool or shower.
• infrared sauna. This is a small wooden cabinet with thin walls and a glass door; IR emitters are located under the seats. The design excludes vaporization therefore it is transferred rather easily.

The type of construction directly affects the principle of operation of the steam room and the effect it has on the body.

Russian bath: temperature regime

Such a steam room is distinguished by an insignificant level of heat (60-70 degrees). In order to prepare the room for a future ceremony, it is heated from one to several hours, depending on the size and type of stove (stone or metal). If there are any construction defects - rotten crowns, a leaky floor - it is very difficult to achieve the desired temperature regime.

Additionally, you can warm up all the muscles, joints and internal organs using brooms. They create a massage effect, and natural oils juniper, oak, fir increase the overall tone of the body.

Optimum temperature and humidity in a Russian bath

The wish for "light steam" before the start of such a ceremony is not accidental. Russian bath is different high level humidity (up to 90 percent). Dense steam, formed when water is supplied to hot stones, cleanses the skin, accelerates blood flow, and improves metabolic processes in tissues.

General rule: when the humidity in the bath is high, the temperature should be lowered.

You can regulate the heat load yourself: on the upper shelves it is always higher. The lower steps are suitable for a short rest; they are also recommended for beginners and people in a weakened state. If you are participating in a bathing ceremony for the first time, limit yourself to five minutes to begin with.

Tip: you can’t stand in the steam room - this can lead to heat stroke.

The temperature of the oven in the Russian bath is determined simply: it is enough to pour water over it. If you hear a sharp pop, and a cloud of steam forms rapidly, then the stones are heated well. The comfortable temperature in the Russian bath is 45-60 degrees with a humidity of 50-60 percent. In order not to harm the body and control the implementation of the procedure, there are various devices - bath thermometers, hourglasses.

Remember: the first 10 minutes of being in the steam room provide warming of the skin, the next - the internal organs.

In addition, it is important to observe the correct climatic regime in all rooms:

• 26°C, 61% humidity - for the locker room;
• 28°C, 78% humidity - for the dressing room;
• 55-90°C, 72% humidity - directly in the steam room.

The difference between the largest and the smallest value should not exceed 41 degrees. Also, if you decide to turn up the heat, do so gradually.

The temperature of the pool water in the bath (font) should be 15-25 degrees. By alternating ablution and visiting the steam room, you will increase the elasticity of blood vessels and strengthen the immune system.

Maximum bath temperature

If you visit an institution in the company of friends, it is better to agree in advance to what temperature the bath is heated. For people with poor health, women and children, high temperature conditions are contraindicated.