Why Nikolai Martynov was killed. Oil tycoon

"Fierce Man" Nikolai Martynov

They are inextricably linked, especially in the last days of Mikhail Yurievich's life. Here they are inseparable from each other like light and shadow, black and white, plus and minus. Lermontov and Martynov. great poet and the one who took his life. The murderer... Probably, there is no other figure in the history of Russian literature, which would fall so much anger and hatred. Unless Dantes ... It is known that even Martynov's grave was devastated, and his bones were scattered around. True, this was done by the silly homeless children settled after the revolution in the manor's estate. But does not their act look like what some highly cultured and venerable authors write about Nikolai Solomonovich? Indeed, from their lips and feathers, sometimes almost a square abuse against this person breaks down.

And he has no right to protection. “The interpretation of Martynov’s personality by domestic literary criticism in a purely negative, accusatory light has acquired the status of an indisputable truth, to doubt which means automatically dooming oneself to a deliberate slaughter, to find oneself in the ranks of anti-patriots, Russophobes, dubious personalities who encroach on unshakable shrines.” This is how A.V. Ochman quite rightly noted, who himself received the caustic label of “Martynovologist” – only because in his works he tried to objectively show the personality of the person who went out to duel with the poet, and the essence of the conflict between them. It is he who owns the most important argument in evaluating Martynov’s personality: “The only inconvenience in this generally accepted concept is Lermontov himself, put in a position more than strange: why was he, a man of insight, principle, intolerant of vulgarity and falsehood, betrayal and treachery, was drawn to for at least ten years to a classmate at the guards school ... Did your instinct fail, or did Lermontov, for some reason, point-blank did not want to perceive the obvious? How could you lead by the nose long time smartest of the Russian people?

We will not, following the author of these lines, analyze and refute the whole heap of negativity that both biographical works and fiction about Lermontov contain. We will try to extract from them only what is necessary for understanding what happened in the July days of 1841. Here it must be said that, in comparison with many other persons of Lermontov's entourage of those days, Martynov was very lucky. The desire to hurt the hated killer forced researchers to delve into everything related to him as deeply as possible, in search of compromising facts.

Thanks to this, there are practically no dark places in Martynov's biography. But it is not worth delving into it, because it is not so expressive and is very similar to the biographies of many of his peers who are officers. It is much more important to consider some of the personality traits of Martynov, as well as the history of his relationship with Lermontov.

Nikolai Solomonovich Martynov

T. Wright

An attempt to objectively evaluate Martynov was made by the Lermontov scholar O. Popov in his work “Lermontov and Martynov”:

"N. Martynov was given the simplest characterization: stupid, arrogant, embittered loser, graphomaniac, always under someone's influence ... "But, Popov is surprised:" ... what a loser he is, if at the age of 25 he had the rank of major and an order! Recall that Lermontov's Maxim Maksimych, who served all his life in the Caucasus, was only a staff captain, Lermontov himself was a lieutenant ... The Martynovs were rich and quite famous in Moscow. About N. Martynov himself, the Decembrist Lorer, who knew him, wrote that he had a brilliant secular education.

We add to this that Nikolai Solomonovich was a musical person, played the piano, sang Russian songs and romances in a pleasant voice. He was well-read and not alien to literary pursuits. This, however, allows whistleblowers to call him a graphomaniac, to which Popov reasonably remarks: “It is hardly fair to call him a graphomaniac. Graphomaniacs write constantly and a lot, but Martynov rarely took up a pen, and everything he wrote would fit in a small book. It does not testify to the stupidity of the author, although it does not differ in special depth. Probably, Martynov wrote easily, and this creates an exaggerated opinion in the writer about his abilities ... Martynov clearly did not have the desire and ability to bring what he started to the end, the desire for improvement. There were abilities - there was no poetic soul. But pride and self-confidence are enough ... "

Now is the time to ask: didn’t Lermontov have plenty of pride and self-confidence? And what about the others who surrounded him in Pyatigorsk - the same Arnoldi, Tyrant, Lev Pushkin, Dmitrievsky? There is no doubt that each of them was proud and had a rather high opinion of his person. But for some reason, none of them are recorded as potential killers!

The nickname given to Martynov in the cadet school is also indicative - homme feroce, "fierce man." But the story of his classmate Alexander Tiran about the episodes associated with this nickname does not speak of ferocity, but rather of an ingenuous desire to be "no worse than others."

Probably, Martynov's exaggerated attention to his appearance was not such a great sin - how many such dandies met among the capital's guardsmen? And not only among them. I think there is some kind of “backfire effect” here. Knowing that Lermontov's joke about his friend's appearance caused a quarrel, contemporaries and subsequent authors began to pay special attention to his smartness, adding this quality of Martynov to other negative traits, largely invented by themselves, such as stupidity, pettiness, malice, etc. e. No, if we are to look for the true cause of the quarrel, then not so much in the personality traits of Martynov, but in the subtleties of his relationship with Lermontov.

Meanwhile, they began more than ten years before the Pyatigorsk meeting. For three summers in a row, young Michel rested in the estate of his relatives - Serednikov, next to which was the estate of the Martynovs. The fact of acquaintance with this family is confirmed by a poem dedicated to the elder sister of Nikolai Solomonovich. It is impossible to assume that, being interested in the Martynov young ladies, Lermontov did not notice their brother, who was only a year younger than himself. So what happened in the Junker school was not an acquaintance, as is usually believed, but its further development. It is believed, for example, that one day Martynov, at the risk of being subjected to a strict penalty, left the squadron on duty to visit Lermontov in the hospital, who had fallen from his horse and injured his leg. Classmates note their friendly rivalry in strength, dexterity, and also ... in writing. Both collaborated in a school handwritten magazine, and if Lermontov placed poetry there, then Martynov - prose.

The Life Guards service in the capital alienated friends - different regiments, their different deployment, different circle of secular acquaintances. The Caucasus brought them together, to which both ended up in 1837: Martynov - voluntarily, Lermontov - into exile. Even on the way there, stopping for two weeks in Moscow, they met almost daily - they had breakfast at the Yar, attended balls, went on picnics and country walks. There were no conflicts at all.

They didn’t have a chance to fight together that year - the meeting took place only in the fall, in the Olginsky fortification, where Martynov arrived after participating in a military expedition, and Lermontov after finishing treatment on the Waters. By this time, there is an episode with letters that Lermontov undertook to convey to Martynov from his relatives from Pyatigorsk. Subsequently, they tried to explain their disappearance along with the stolen things by the fact that Lermontov allegedly opened and read them, which was presented as the true cause of the quarrel. But all the talk about this arose after the duel. And then, in the Caucasus, there were no conflicts on this issue between friends, and their good relations continued for another four years.

After returning from the Caucasus, there were again not very frequent meetings in St. Petersburg. And two years later - a new trip to the Caucasus, essentially repeating the situation of the previous one: Lermontov was again sent into exile there, and Martynov again went voluntarily. Probably, this act should not characterize him from the worst side. Whatever they say about Martynov's career considerations or his desire to avoid excessively strict discipline in the guards regiment, nevertheless, not everyone could decide to change the capital's life and life to full of hardships and hardships in the Caucasian army.

This time they still fought together, however, in the bloody battle on the Valerik River, where Lermontov distinguished himself, his friend did not participate, he was on vacation. But, storming the village of Shali, they fought side by side. And both were noted in the log of military operations of the detachment under the command of General Galafeev. A new separation occurred at the end of 1840. Lermontov applied for leave and received it. Martynov, as established by D. Alekseev, retired "... for family reasons." Ignorance of the true reason for this act allowed whistleblowers to speculate about some dark history with card game or the desire of Nikolai Solomonovich to save his precious life. However, archival documents convincingly show: to leave military service Martynov was forced by the elementary need to deal with the frustrated economic affairs of the family left without a father.

And now - a meeting in May 1841 in Pyatigorsk, where Martynov was treated, waiting for a leisurely official car to draw up documents for resignation. Many who write about last days of Lermontov’s life, they believe Martynov’s testimony during the investigation: “From the very moment of his arrival in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov did not miss a single case where he could tell me something unpleasant ...” And they conclude that their strained relationship continued throughout the summer. But there was nothing like it! To understand the relationship between the two friends, it is necessary, first of all, to clearly understand that Martynov, who arrived in Pyatigorsk towards the end of April, took baths here from the first days of May and completed the course on the 23rd or 24th. Just at that time, Lermontov arrived in Pyatigorsk and, according to the memoirs of P. Magdenko, was very glad to see an old friend here. And of course, he hardly immediately began to say “something unpleasant” to him. What did they have to share, why quarrel?

Moreover, very soon - on May 26 or 27 - Martynov, according to the then order of treatment, went to Zheleznovodsk to continue receiving procedures there, which was completed only by the end of June. Thus, almost all next month they hardly saw each other with Lermontov. Meetings, of course, could be, but they were isolated and short-lived and hardly gave rise to any grievances or quarrels.

But when, at the end of June, returning to Pyatigorsk, Martynov appeared at the Verzilins' house, the situation changed dramatically. Now, living next door to the "Rose of the Caucasus" and being constantly in her house, Martynov was clearly carried away by the beauty, although there is evidence that he was also interested in Emilia's half-sister, young Nadia. Emilia, of course, immediately drew attention to him ...

In general, everything that we know about Martynov allows us to consider him the most ordinary representative of the Russian officers - not the best, but far from the worst part of it. Shoot Lermontov by someone else - the same classmate and colleague Tyrant, who more than once suffered from sharp tongue poet, or, say, Lisanevich, who was allegedly provoked to a duel, Nikolai Martynov would remain in history as "Monkey", "good fellow", "Michel's good friend, who did not shine in anything special." But the circumstances that developed in the summer of 1841 in Pyatigorsk brought him truly Herostratus glory and became the reason true tragedy his life.

September 3 - Evgeny MARTYNOV This composer and singer was the pride of Soviet stage. Coming from a simple family, he managed to graduate with honors from the Musical Pedagogical Institute, where the local teachers gave him the nickname Gift for his unique talent. Later

Pavel Martynov VETERAN'S MONOLOGUE ON THE DAY OF MAY 9 Oh, what a day it is, oh, what an amazing day it is! It seemed that again, I'm back in the ranks.

MARTYNOV (Excerpt from the poem "Lermontov") Above the Caucasian snows At the hour of the evening needle, Eagles swim in majestic circles. And, obedient to the order, Approaches the army To the recalcitrant Caucasus - To collect Glory. There, among the brilliant retinue, Shamil galloped. Talking hooves

Fierce selection The special forces of the Navy consisted of only a few units (by the way, after the partition of the USSR, the most combat-ready part of the naval special forces went to Ukraine). The selection in these parts was very strict. Many conscripts did not even know exactly where they were before arriving at the unit.

MARTYNOV EVGENY MARTYNOV EVGENY (singer, composer: "Swan Fidelity", "Alyonushka", "If Youth at Heart" and others; died on September 3, 1990 at the age of 43). Health began to fail Martynov from the late 80s, when perestroika began in the country and many former idols Martynov is to blame Rereading the very first responses to the duel, we see that the authors of them present Martynov not so much as the culprit of the conflict, but as a victim of his friend's ridicule. However, over time, as the scale of Lermontov's personality and

A. E. Martynov (1816–1860) 1 A number of houses were built from the Alexandrinsky Theater to the Chernyshev Bridge, in which the entire administrative part of the theater, the theater school and apartments for artists were supposed to fit. The original facade of the houses was supposed according to the plan of the Palais Royal in Paris. WITH

Martynov, Nikolai Fedulovich. A prominent figure in the workers' organization Narodnaya Volya.

Arrested in Kyiv. When arrested, he offered armed resistance, spent 12 years in the Shlisselburg fortress. Shot in the mountains Yakutsk in May 1903

V.N. Figner:

"Martynov ... together with Karaulov, Pankratov and Shebalin, he was sued in the People's Will "process of 12" and was sentenced to 12 years

hard labor.

In December 1884, together with his co-processors, he was brought to Shlisselburg, where he remained until the end of his term in 1896.

In his later life in the fortress, he had a sharp clash with the caretaker Fedorov, which greatly excited all of us. not content with

walking together, Martynov climbed up to the window of his cell in order to cast a glance at those strolling in the gardens, which, with the double frosted glass of our windows, could not be done otherwise than through the window, which was very high. It happened once that Fedorov caught him doing this three times in a row. When the third

once he stopped him and began to reprimand him, Martynov spat in his face.

It was an act of humiliation that should have resulted in court martial and the only punishment - death penalty. Immediately after he was taken to the old prison (which was also done in less serious clashes with

prison administration), Lyudmila Alexandrovna raised the issue of not leaving him there alone. This meant demanding that we be transferred to that prison as well.

This proposal put me in a very difficult position: Martynov's act revolted me; whatever the caretaker was, he was a human

to, and the insult inflicted on him, I considered unacceptable against anyone. My indignation was so strong that I could hardly restrain myself from expressing regret to the caretaker about what had happened; on the other hand, to lag behind comrades and remain in complete ignorance about what will happen

living with them in the old prison seemed unbearable to me.

But the protest did not take place; there was no trial of Martynov, and we explained this by the fact that Lopatin sent an extensive memorandum to the police department about the morbid state into which Martynov falls from time to time: this state, according to the note

"Marko" is the leader of the footwear industry in Belarus. On the market - 25 years. The company produces 4 million pairs of shoes per year. The founder of the business, Nikolai Martynov, is among the top largest entrepreneurs in the country. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" learned about the secret of his success and personal attitudes.

« A LITERAL ENTREPRENEUR WILL RECEIVE BENEFIT FROM THE CRISIS”

Nikolai Vasilyevich, I’ll immediately ask a question that many have probably asked, but were embarrassed to ask. Director "Marco" only wears shoes "Marco"?

Not always. Here, for example, were at an exhibition in Italy. They took samples there. Mostly male. Our designers studied them, got some ideas for themselves. Well, do not throw them away later, - laughs. - It turns out that in the literal sense I am carrying out the ideas that our fashion designers have adopted.

- That is, when you create your collections, do you focus on the West?

Unfortunately, while Belarusian enterprises and designers are not trendsetters in shoe fashion. To be in trend, you need to follow the world fashion. Naturally, both in color and in model range we focus on trendsetters. Fashion is available to everyone, not like 25-30 years ago. And today Belarusians want to wear the same shoes as in Paris, London...

You have a huge number of awards and prizes: “The best entrepreneur in Belarus in the field of production”, “The best entrepreneur-organizer of jobs”, “The best entrepreneur-taxpayer” ... Do you live at work?

Of course, sometimes I take a break. But I confess: even when I go to bed, my thoughts are still about work.

- But at the same time, you look great, though not a boy anymore. Are you active in sports? What do you start your morning with?

Thank you, it's me by chance - he jokes. I wake up and recognize myself in the mirror. A glass of water, scrambled eggs, tea. Sport, unfortunately, is only in the plans. But my closest thing is a bicycle. In the summer I live in the country. The road is good there. I can do 15 kilometers. True, now it is not always possible to allocate time for this. Loading is big. On top of that, we are restoring a unique fur factory in Vitebsk and trying to create a new shoe factory that will produce a million pairs of shoes a year... Sometimes I don't belong to myself. But I realize that I need to rest.

- How do you manage everywhere? Are you planning your day by the minute?

If I wrote down all the plans and strictly followed the schedule, I would definitely not go home. I sleep about four hours. If everyone worked at such a pace, there would be too many competitors, - laughs. - Analysts found out long ago: about 4% of people can be engaged in successful business in the world. I hope I am one of them. True, lately I feel that I have become slower. I can't do everything anymore. And yet we are leaders.

« IT HAPPENED THAT IT WAS BITTER IN THE MOUTH, BUT HE NEVER LEFT HANDS »

- Isn't it scary to discover something new in a crisis?

The crisis is the time of enterprising people and reasonable approaches. Remember catchphrase? "He who does not take risks does not drink champagne." My task is to benefit from the crisis. A simple example. When the project of the fur factory was just started, the mink skin cost 50-75 dollars, and now - 15-17 dollars. So, I hope, we will be able to compete even with Chinese prices. What's bad? There are problems, of course. We need resources to get started! I think that our banks have not quite the right approach to this process. Their margin of safety is far from being as strong as in the West, where banks are willing to undertake to finance promising projects. And ours is such, it will be the only one in Belarus.

Nikolai Martynov: "I believe that, first of all, a successful businessman must be decent, honest and open." Photo: Sergey Serebro.

- It is clear that the current crisis is not the first in your lifetime. And yet, this one made you worry?

Any crisis forces you to become more active and build the right strategy. The main thing is to adapt to the current situation and find ways to move on. It will not work according to the template in every new crisis. For example, in the crisis of the nineties and zero - there was nothing, for whatever you take - everything will roll. And now there is already a lot and there is a lot of competition. It is more important to be different from others. Quality, price...

- That is, it is harder to do business now than 15, 20, 30 years ago?

There have been and always will be difficulties. But I can say that there are definitely more smart, nimble and competent competitors now than before. The young generation of entrepreneurs sees any problem and prospect in a different way. In addition, new technologies are now ruling, it’s sometimes hard for me to compete with this, I’ll be honest. Each time must have its own “master”. But personally, I feel in my element. But I feel that it is harder to work now than, say, 15 years ago. There is a lot of bureaucracy, including in approaches to registering a business. When we started, the starting opportunities were different and the main thing was to saturate the market with some new services. Today everything is different. And the services are already different, and approaches to business. Although our tax legislation is softer than in Europe, the approaches to business on the part of many departments definitely need to be changed. The trouble is that in the departments that are called upon to control, there are not always truly competent specialists. And the position “I am the boss, you are a fool” often prevails. The position “If I am the boss and came to you with a check, then its results cannot be positive for you” is considered the norm. The authorities should promote the development of business, and not vice versa.

- In the current conditions, in your opinion, is it easier for small or large businesses?

Both small and large have their pluses and minuses. Small, for example, is mobile. You can always correct its activity. The big one has a well-earned authority. This means that there is access to loans. Although there are funds under the regional executive committees that can allocate money for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. But to get them, you need to be a really competent entrepreneur. And this is art.

- And you at one time filled a lot of bumps in business? Were there times when you thought: “Well, to hell with everything”?

There were a lot of cones, but all of them are mine, - he smiles. - In business for 25 years, and still learning from my mistakes. It's like in childhood: we all fell, and now we remember all our sores with nostalgia. Of course, there were also bitter mouths, but I never went back. Always managed to see the light at the end of the tunnel.

Are your children proud of you?

My family is wonderful: an adult son and daughter, a beloved wife, with whom I have been side by side all my life. The children followed in my footsteps. The son runs San Marco, the daughter is also in this business. But the status a la “we are the children of the big boss” is not boasted. They behave very calmly in this regard. Although sometimes, I confess, I want to hear from them something like: "Father, what a fine fellow you are with us."

"MY GRIP IS THE MERIT OF A HARD CHILDHOOD"

- Where does such a grip come from?

I think it's the fault of the parents. Plus difficult childhood. Lacked literally everything: from food to material wealth. I had to start working early, and, I think, somewhere even too much. But since childhood, I have striven to look, if not better, then at least no worse than others. And I also believe that all thoughts are material. I have dreamed since childhood. I remember how at the age of 11 I thought: “I’ll earn so much money, I’ll buy a house, a car ...” And I always knew: when I have a family, my children will definitely not live like I did in my childhood. And so it happened.

When I got married, I felt a huge responsibility. It was necessary to provide, take to rest, help ... I always made a lot of efforts for this. Nothing to regret.

For business to go uphill, what is more important: brains, team, money, acumen, useful contacts? And who, in your opinion, is able to succeed?

I think all of the above is important. Who's Succeeding? Only going forward, honest, decent person, literate. If not, this is no longer a business, but a temporary phenomenon, foam that will quickly settle. Only decency and honesty in relation to partners and consumers! It is also important to be able to realistically assess your capabilities. Understand what you are doing. The next step is to create a team. The team must be selected immediately professional. But not always from the list of friends. Sometimes it's better to drink beer with friends. So it's calmer and more pleasant. In 1991, I also started a business with three companion friends. They founded the production and commercial company "LM + MK". They were named after the first letters of their names. The company specializes in the production and wholesale products from faux fur. They broke up for various reasons. In 1994, he organized the production of Marco men's shoes.

In the market "Marco" - for 25 years. Photo: Sergey Serebro

- Why shoes?

At that time, shoes sold like hot cakes. Then, after all, you could only get them with coupons. In addition, since childhood, I felt felt boots. My father was doing this, trying to earn some money. And I had to help, I was his apprentice in the evenings. So I can safely call myself a hereditary shoemaker. It’s just that over time, felt boots turned into leather shoes.

It is clear that you should always be in trend. Follow fashion trends, technologies... And you don't even have a computer on your desktop. How so?

I don't know, he laughs. - But I use a tablet. Children, if I need something, throw links. Once it was not possible to master all this, but now ... I agree, we must take it. Here I'll rake up with plans and take it. But in general, I have a young team - all advanced.

- Why they say that "Marco" is shoes for grandmothers. And in general, "purchasing Belarusian" is somehow not in trend.

Here we go with my partner in Munich. And I told him: "Look, these are Russian girls coming." Him: "How do you know?" Well, where from? Ours, if they go, then "on Louboutins and drop dead pants." For Germans, the main thing is not flashiness, but comfort, and we have a certain mentality. It is explainable. For too long we did not have the opportunity to wear something different from everyone else, unconventional. Therefore, now just comfortable high-quality shoes are not suitable for many. But, rest assured, "Marco" is not only for grandmothers. We are constantly updating our collection. We make great shoes for young people. They take. We produce 4 million pairs of shoes per year. We give a lot of advertising, promotions, discounts. We are hiring good designers. Setting up online sales. And you say "grandmothers". Went out to Russian market. In terms of sales in Belarus, 42-45% falls on Marco shoes. The price range is below average. But there are also fashion lines

Nikolai Vasilyevich, give advice to people who live paycheck to paycheck and dream of getting out of a difficult financial situation.

I myself am the son of poor and not famous parents. Here's an example for you! You have to find yourself, work, work and work again. Do not give up, do not be afraid to take risks, be enterprising, be able to save. Got a profit from the first transaction - do not rush to spend. There may or may not be a second deal. Earned money - it is necessary to increase it, sow it. Sow one kilogram of grain - you will collect a hundred! And if you ate your kilogram, then there will be nothing to sow. And further! If in the evening you really want something, and in the morning there is a desire to sleep more, nothing will work. We set a goal - we must go to the end. Admittedly, with some qualities you just need to be born, 100% of people cannot do business. And if it doesn't work out once or twice, get another specialty. Being a successful banker can be as much money as being an entrepreneur.

DOSSIER

Nikolay Vasilievich Martynov

Born in 1957 in the village of Gudovo, Vitebsk region. Since 1978 - assistant to the master of the Vitebsk hosiery and knitwear factory "KIM".

Since 1990, he has been an expert in the commercial department of the Belarusian-German joint venture Belwest. In 1991 he graduated from the Institute of Political Science and social management KPB, political scientist, teacher of socio-political disciplines. In the same year, with three partners, he organized a production and commercial company "LM + MK". In 1994 - the production of men's shoes under the trademark "Marco".

A major Belarusian entrepreneur, founder, owner of 90% of the shares and CEO of the Management Company of the Holding Belarusian Leather and Footwear Company Marko. "Honored Worker of Industry of the Republic of Belarus", since 2004 a member of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus.

Married, has a son and a daughter.

Criminal punishment threatens retired GRU colonel Gennady Korotenko, who is also a centurion of the Volga Cossack army, Kommersant writes.

As follows from the materials of the criminal case, on March 30, 2014, 56-year-old Nikolai Martynov, the general director of the MSK Management company and co-founder of the Cypriot company Clinolia Holding Limited, which owns several enterprises in Russia for the production of raw materials and equipment for oil and gas and chemical industries.

One bullet hit the merchant's chest, and the second got stuck in the eye socket, Life.ru wrote earlier. Martynov's driver did not wait for the ambulance to arrive and took him to the nearest hospital himself, and a few hours later the wounded man was transported to Moscow. However, he was unable to save his life.

A cartridge case from a Makarov pistol was seized from the crime scene, but for a long time the investigation was marking time.

The breakthrough in the investigation came by accident a year and a half later. August 5, 2015 in the Avtozavodsky district Nizhny Novgorod operatives from the regional FSB and the police opened a private garage, which turned out to be literally filled to the brim with army weapons. Kalashnikov assault rifles were seized assault rifles With optical sights, two machine guns, grenade launchers, a collection of daggers, sabers and other edged weapons, a large number of ammunition different type and caliber, as well as a portable anti-aircraft missile system"Needle".

On the same day, the owner of the garage, a local resident Gennady Korotenko, was detained, who had a Makarov pistol in his pocket at the time of the meeting with the operatives. The detainee himself explained that he took the PM to protect the garden plots, in which his organization is involved - "Cossack freemen named after Yermak Timofeevich", which is structurally part of the Volga Cossack army. The found arsenal, according to the Cossack and retired intelligence officer, did not belong to him, but to some "accidental acquaintance" to whom he rented his garage.

An examination showed that one of the pistols found during the operation was used to kill Martynov.

Four months later, the probable customer of the murder, Anton Erokhin, 35-year-old business partner of Martynov, was found and taken into custody. About a year before the assassination attempt, a dispute arose between businessmen over assets. They could not share several enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region that produce acetone, ethanol and other chemicals used for the needs of the oil and gas industry. At first, Erokhin was going to buy out Martynov's share in Clinolia for 2.6 billion rubles, but then he decided to simply kill him, paying the killer 1 million rubles.

The Volga Cossacks do not believe the version of the investigators and consider Korotenko an example to follow. The accused is a veteran of the Afghan, Abkhaz and Chechen military campaigns, was awarded the Order of Courage, the Red Banner and the Red Star, the medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit", and in addition received the title of Hero of Abkhazia and for a special display of courage and courage - Order of Leon.

“Old Man Korotenko is not a mummer, of which there are many now, but a real tribal Cossack,” says Sergei Akimov, chairman of the board of Volnitsa.

Nikolai Martynov, father of 11 children, on the day of the poet's murder, got drunk to insensibility

Question “M.Yu. Lermontov and Mrs. Adele Ommer de Gelle” was reflected in many writings about the poet. Most of them were written in the first half of the twentieth century, already in Soviet time when it was ideologically fashionable to denounce the tsarist autocracy and especially the epoch of Nicholas in all sins. Let us recall some of them: the story "Shtos in Life" by Boris Pilnyak, "Michel Lermontov" by Sergei Sergeev-Tsensky, "The Thirteenth Tale of Lermontov" by Pyotr Pavlenko, the novel "The Escape of Prisoners, or the Story of the Suffering and Death of Lieutenant of the Tenginsky Infantry Regiment Mikhail Lermontov" by Konstantin Bolshakov.

There is no need to prove how politicized our whole life has been for decades. This applies not only to fiction, but also to literary criticism. According to the version, which was, in fact, official, the main reason for the death of Lermontov was the tsar's hatred for the rebel poet, and the efforts of Lermontov researchers were mainly aimed at substantiating this version. Moreover, the role of the organizer of the duel was assigned to Prince Alexander Vasilchikov, the son of one of the royal favorites. So, Emma Gershtein calls Vasilchikov the hidden enemy of the poet and devotes to him a whole chapter of her book "The Fate of Lermontov" under the title "Secret Enemy". Oleg Popov believes that the role of Prince Vasilchikov "is more composed than studied, and was hardly significant." (See: Popov O.P. "Lermontov and Martynov").

The main role in the tragedy at the foot of Mashuk, of course, was played by Nikolai Martynov, and one should first of all turn to his personality and the history of his relationship with the poet, while abandoning the primitive characterization that was given to him for a long time: he was allegedly stupid, proud , an embittered loser, a graphomaniac who was always under someone else's influence.

Firstly, you can’t call him a loser - after all, at the age of 25 he already had the rank of major, while Lermontov himself was just a lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment, and his literary hero, Maxim Maksimych, who served all his life in the Caucasus, was a staff captain . He probably wasn't stupid either. For example, the Decembrist Nikolai Lorer, who knew him, wrote that Nikolai Solomonovich had an excellent secular education. The very fact of long communication between Lermontov and Martynov suggests that the latter was not a primitive person and was somehow interesting to the poet.

Prince Alexander Vasilchikov. He was accused of organizing a fatal duel

In fact, Lermontov's classmate at the Junker School was Nikolai Solomonovich's elder brother Mikhail (1814-1860). However, it was Nicholas who was destined to become the killer of the poet. They were both born in October (only Lermontov a year earlier), both graduated from the Junker School, were released into the Horse Guards (Martynov, by the way, had a chance to serve in the same regiment with Georges Dantes), and they went to the Caucasus at the same time. In the heavy company of 1840, they participated in expeditions and numerous skirmishes with the highlanders. And both wrote poems about this war.

It is customary to speak disparagingly about Martynov's poetic experiments. He himself is often called a "graphomaniac" and a "talentless rhymer". It's hardly fair to call him that. Martynov rarely took up a pen, and everything he wrote could fit in a very small book. His poems really do not stand comparison with Lermontov's. And whose, in fact, can withstand such a comparison? He does have good lines though. Here, for example, is how ironically he describes the parade in his poem "A Terrible Dream":

Like a slender forest, peaks flash.
The weathervanes are brightly dazzling,
All people, horses are great,
Like a monument to Tsar Peter!
All faces on one cut,
And one camp, like the other,
All ammunition from a needle,
Horses have a haughty look
And from the tail to the withers
Wool has the same sheen.
Any soldier is the beauty of nature,
Any horse is a breed type.
What are the officers? - a series of paintings,
And all - as if one!

Martynov also tried his hand at prose: the beginning of his story “Guasha” has been preserved - which tells about the sad story of a Russian officer falling in love with “a young Circassian woman of extraordinary beauty”: “Judging by the growth and flexibility of her camp, it was a young girl; by the absence of forms, and especially by the expression of the face, a perfect child; there was something childish, something unfinished in those narrow shoulders, in that flat, not yet full chest...

Imagine, Martynov, she is only 11 years old! But what a marvelous and sweet creature!

And his gaze at these words was full of inexpressible tenderness.

Here, prince, girls are married at the age of 11... Do not forget that we are not here in Russia, but in the Caucasus, where everything soon matures...

That was Lermontov

From the first day Dolgoruky saw Guasha (as the young Circassian woman was called), he felt an irresistible attraction to her; but what is strangest of all: she, for her part, immediately fell in love with him ... It happened that in impulses of noisy gaiety she would run up behind him, grab him unexpectedly by the head and, kissing him warmly, burst into loud laughter. And all this happened in front of everyone; at the same time, she did not show either childish shyness or female modesty, not even somewhat embarrassed by the presence of her family.

Everything I heard greatly surprised me: I did not know how to reconcile in my mind such a free treatment of a girl with those stories about the impregnability of Circassian women and about the severity of morals in general ... Subsequently, I became convinced that this severity exists only for married women, but their girls enjoy extraordinary freedom ... ".

The main work of Martynov - the poem "Gerzel-aul" - is based on personal experience. It is a documented accurate description of the June campaign in Chechnya in 1840, in which Martynov himself took an active part:

The baptism of gunpowder has come to pass,
All were in combat;
And they loved it so much
That talk is only about him;
Tom got to go with hostility
With the fourth company to the blockage,
Where hand-to-hand was played,
As they were aptly called,
Second act final.
Here's what we learned from him:
They fired at us point-blank
Kurinsky officer killed;
We have lost a lot of people
A whole platoon of carabinieri lay down,
The colonel with the battalion ripened
And carried the company on his shoulders;
Chechens knocked out with damage,
Twelve bodies in our hands...

Interestingly, the realities of that time were also truthfully reflected in Martynov's work. There is in it, for example, a mention of the famous Caucasian chain mail:

Dzhigits boldly drive around,
Prancing briskly ahead;
In vain our people are shooting at them ...
They only answer with swearing
They have mail on their chests...

He quite realistically describes the scene of the death of a Russian soldier wounded in battle:

Deaf confession, communion,
Then they read the waste:
And here it is earthly happiness ...
Is there much left? A handful of earth!
I turned away, it hurt
I have to look at this drama;
And I asked myself involuntarily:
Am I supposed to die like this...

Similar scenes can be found in Lermontov's famous poem "Valerik", created on the material of the same summer campaign of 1840. It is not surprising that Martynov was subsequently accused of both "attempting a creative competition" with Lermontov and "direct imitation."

That was his killer - retired Major Nikolai Martynov

However, views on the war were different. Lermontov perceived what was happening in the Caucasus as a tragedy, tormented by the question: “Why?”. These doubts were unknown to Martynov. He was fully confident in Russia's right to use scorched earth tactics against the enemy (a question on which Russian society split into two camps today):

The village is on fire in the distance ...
There our cavalry walks,
In other people's possessions, the court creates,
Invites children to warm up
Mistress cooks gruel.
All the way where we go
The husks of the fugitives are burning.
Let's catch the cattle - we take it away,
There is a living for the Cossacks.
Fields sown with trampling,
Destroy them all...

Probably, this is the business of future researchers - to appreciate, as a historical source, such works. However, it must be admitted that there is a lot of truth in them.

It is believed that the same poem by Martynov contains a caricatured portrait of Lermontov:

Here the officer lay down on a cloak
With a book in hand,
And he himself dreams of a mazurka,
About Pyatigorsk, about balls.
He is dreaming of a blonde,
He is head over heels in love with her.
Here he is the hero of the duel,
Guardsman, immediately removed.
Dreams are replaced by dreams
Imagination is given space
And the path, strewn with flowers,
He rode at full speed.

What kind of blonde Martynov writes about in his poems, we can only guess ...

Returning to the question of the causes and reasons for the fatal duel at the foot of Mashuk, I would like to note that, perhaps, of all the researchers who devoted entire volumes to this problem, Oleg Popov came closest to solving the old riddle. In his article "Lermontov and Martynov" he analyzed all possible reasons collisions. And all of them do not seem to him weighty enough to dictate such harsh conditions for a duel.

The story of Salieri and Mozart? Of course not. “It is impossible to find anything like this in Martynov,” writes Popov, “and he is not suitable for the role of Salieri.” Indeed, after all, Martynov, in fact, did not finish any of his literary work. Apparently, he did not consider his literary vocation to be the main one. Although… Every Mozart has his own Salieri. Popov reasonably refutes the version of Vadim Vatsuro, who once wrote: “Neither Nicholas I, nor Benckendorff, nor even Martynov hatched plans to kill Lermontov the man. But all of them - each in their own way - created an atmosphere in which there was no place for Lermontov the poet.

Mikhail Lermontov. The funeral of the killed soldiers at Valerik

Martynov killed Lermontov the man. It is not clear how it was possible to create an atmosphere in which there would be no place for Lermontov the poet. So it turns out that if we discard the absurd inventions that there was no duel at all, but that a bribed Cossack killed the poet (the version of Stepan Korotkov, Viktor Shvemberger), an unresolved riddle with the name “Adel” remains in Lermontov’s studies, and even the version about Martynov’s defense sister's honor. Refuting the latter, Oleg Panteleymonovich Popov says that "that the sister was proud of being considered the prototype of Princess Mary", and, therefore, did not need to protect her honor. Well, my sister might have been proud. Yes, but the relatives did not like it at all. Again, a matter of culture and mentality of that time. After all, there is evidence that not only idle gossips, but also quite serious readers of Lermontov’s novel (Timofey Granovsky, Mikhail Katkov) saw Martynov’s younger sister in Princess Mary, and they believed that the princess, like her mother, was depicted in an unfavorable light . As for the story with the package of letters from Natalya, transmitted from the house to Martynov through the poet, which apparently left a negative imprint on the relationship of friends earlier, even though the Lermontov scholars convincingly prove that there was no Lermontov’s fault here - he did not open the package, did not read the letters and I didn’t destroy it, but Martynov’s mother thought differently ...

In our opinion, two points turned out to be very important in the discussions about the pre-duel situation: firstly, the need to connect the version of the history of Lermontov’s relationship with the Frenchwoman Adel with the version about Martynov defending the honor of his sister. Secondly, it was no less important to deal with the issue of dating Adele’s stay Ommer de Gell in the Caucasus, which the Lermontov scholars have not been able to do so far. And only the introduction of Karl Baer's materials into scientific circulation (we did this for the first time in relation to Lermontov studies) made it possible to reasonably say that the French traveler was in the Caucasus from 1839 to 1841 inclusive.

Thus, in our opinion, a completely convincing version of the quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov emerges. After all, a trifling, not even offensive joke, said by Lermontov in French at an evening in the house of General Pyotr Verzilin, could not be the real cause of the quarrel: “Highlander with a large dagger” (montaqnard au qrand poiqnard). “Martynov, when he wanted to, knew how to laugh it off, in the end, he could stop acquaintance, while maintaining his dignity,” writes Popov.

This image of Martynov was ridiculed by Lermontov

What happened in Pyatigorsk is regarded by us as a great human tragedy. The tragedy of misunderstanding. Mismatch of two mentalities, two outlooks on life. Respectable, built in social structure society of his time Martynov and a transcendental lyricist, who was destined to become the music of the soul of his people. He was not born in order to reproduce the biological mass. He had a different destiny, which is given to one of the millions. Many of Lermontov's contemporaries failed to realize this destiny.

And today you can still hear a lot of questions about this complex, multifaceted nature. Probably, it can be understood only from the standpoint of philosophical knowledge. That is why we turn with a noticeable delay to the works of Russian religious philosophers Danilevsky, Solovyov. With their help, we will have to understand in all depth both the life of the great Lermontov and his work, which has become the most precious stone in the treasury of Russian literature.

Addition. We meet an interesting episode in the work of Dmitry Pavlov "Prototypes of Princess Mary" (separate prints from the newspaper "Kavkazsky Krai" Nos. 156 and 157 of 1916). He cites a witticism that allegedly exchanged between Lermontov and Martynov: “Marry Lermontov,” his self-confident comrade told him, “I will make you a cuckold.” “If my most ardent desire,” the poet seemed to answer, “is realized, then it will be impossible for you, dear friend.”

Further, Pavlov writes: “From these words, Martynov concluded that Lermontov “has views of his sister’s hand.” These guesses, however, were not justified. In 1841, Lermontov was already interested in other prominent charmers and did this in front of the brother of his former sympathy ...

Princess Mary. The romanticized heroine of the poet

It is quite possible that it was this change of front that gave the Martynov family the ostensible right to assert that "Lermontov compromised the sisters of his would-be assassin." And this circumstance, in connection with the inflated story about the letter and diary of Natalya Solomonovna, allegedly printed by the poet, played, as you know, the role of the main reason in the history of Martynov's hatred for his former friend ...

No wonder the crowd gathered in the courtyard of the Chilaevsky estate, where the lifeless body of the poet was brought, repeated the rumor that the young lady was the cause of the duel. “The duel happened because of a young lady!” Someone shouted to Lieutenant Colonel Filipp Untilov, who was conducting the investigation ...

P.S. On July 15, 1841, at the age of 26, Mikhail Lermontov was killed in a duel by Nikolai Martynov. It is still not completely clear what happened on that fateful Tuesday at the foot of Mount Mashuk. And versions are put forward very different, sometimes fantastic ...

How it was. But first, let's remember what preceded the duel. For the first time, the paths of Lermontov and Martynov crossed at the St. Petersburg Junker School. Lermontov scholar Vladimir Zakharov claims that the boys were friends and tells the following story. In November 1832, young Michel fell from his horse and broke his leg. He was admitted to the hospital. Somehow, while checking the posts of the junkers, the authorities did not find one of them on the spot. They found him at Lermontov's bedside. This cadet turned out to be Kolya Martynov.

Friendship continued after high school. So, in 1837, Martynov, sent to the Caucasus, stayed in Moscow and met with the poet almost daily. They continued to communicate in St. Petersburg in 1838-1839, and, apparently, in the Caucasus in the summer and autumn of 1840.

Lermontov was always alone. But he was friends with Martynov

As contemporaries recall, Martynov was very ambitious, dreaming of orders and the rank of general. But in February 1841 he got into an ugly story. Colleagues accused him of card cheating. "Marquis de Schulerhof" - and such a nickname was given to Nikolai in the regiment - was forced "for family reasons" to resign. In April 1841, Major Martynov arrived in Pyatigorsk, where he began to flaunt in an extravagant Circassian coat and astrakhan hat. This toilet certainly completed a long Chechen dagger.

When Lermontov arrived in Pyatigorsk in May 1841, he found the new image of the old friend very comical. The poet began to make fun of Martynov, drew caricatures of him, including those with indecent overtones, wrote epigrams - “Throw off your beshmet, friend Martysh” and “He is right! Our friend Martysh is not Solomon.”

In that season, young people gathered almost daily in the house of General Verzilin, who had three beautiful daughters. One evening there was a fatal quarrel. According to the eldest young lady, the beautiful Emilia, it was like this. Lermontov and Pushkin's brother Leo practiced wit. Then Martynov came into their field of vision, talking with the younger Verzilina - Nadezhda. Lermontov rather loudly called him "a mountaineer with a big dagger", and Martynov heard this. “How many times have I asked you to leave your jokes with the ladies,” he angrily remarked to Lermontov and quickly walked away.

But he waited for the poet in the street and said to him: “You know, Lermontov, that I have endured your jokes for a very long time, despite my repeated demands that you stop them. I will make you stop." “I am not afraid of a duel and I will never refuse it. So, instead of empty threats, it’s better for you to act, ”the poet answered.

And on July 15, at about seven in the evening, the opponents met at the foot of Mount Mashuk. According to the seconds, when they ordered to converge, Lermontov remained motionless and, cocking the trigger, raised the gun muzzle up, shielding himself with his hand and elbow in accordance with all the rules of an experienced duelist. Another, more common version says that at the beginning of the duel, Lermontov discharged his pistol into the air, refusing to shoot at the enemy.

Killed Lermontov in a coffin

One way or another, Martynov approached the barrier and froze in confusion. Then one of the seconds threw: "Will this end soon?" Martynov looked at Lermontov - a smile played on his face - and pulled the trigger ...

Lermontov died instantly.

Now let's move on to versions.

Version 1. Lermontov was "removed" by order of Nicholas I. The version that Martynov was only a tool in the hands of Lermontov's influential ill-wishers appeared at the end of the 19th century. The prominent Lermontov scholar Irakly Andronikov, who believed that the death of Lermontov was the result of a conspiracy organized by the head of police Alexander Benkendorf, was also of the same point of view. He allegedly sent gendarmerie Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Kushinnikov to Pyatigorsk. According to another version, Minister of War Alexander Chernyshev used Colonel Alexander Traskin for this purpose, who had been undergoing treatment in Pyatigorsk since July 12. But no reliable materials confirming these versions were found.

Finally, the well-known order of Nicholas I dated June 30, 1841 - “so that Lieutenant Lermontov must be present at the front and that the authorities do not dare to remove him from front-line service in their regiment under any pretext” - does not really fit with the version of the conspiracy. It is absurd to believe that Nicholas I authorized the conspiracy against Lermontov in Pyatigorsk and at the same time demanded that he not leave his service on the Black Sea coast.

Version 2. Martynov killed Lermontov out of envy. Another popular version is based on the fact that Martynov wildly envied Lermontov's talent all his life. The fact is that Nikolai himself wrote poetry from an early age. His poem "Gerzel-aul" has survived to this day, in which, according to some researchers, Martynov imitated Lermontov's poem "Valerik".



The Georgian military road near Mtskheta. Lermontov also drew very well

Version 3. Martynov exploded from constant humiliation. During the investigation after the duel, Martynov testified: “From the very moment of his arrival in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov did not miss a single case where he could say something unpleasant to me. Witnesses, taunts, ridicule at my expense ... He brought me out of patience, becoming attached to my every word, at every step showing a clear desire to annoy me. I decided to put an end to this." Well, a completely logical reaction of a person who has endured ridicule for a long time.

Version 4. Martynov avenged the dishonor of his sister Natalia. When, in front of Martynov, the poet began to hit on other beauties, he may have considered that Lermontov had compromised his sister by refusing to marry her.

There is also an assumption that Martynov was offended by Natalya, considering her the prototype of Princess Mary. Meanwhile, the Lermontov scholar Oleg Popov says that Natalya Solomonovna, on the contrary, was proud of being considered the prototype of Princess Mary, and, therefore, did not need to protect her honor.

Lermontov was also involved in a dark story with the "missing" letters. According to the Martynov family, in 1837 they handed over to Lermontov, who was leaving on an expedition, a package of letters, in which Natalya Solomonovna put her diary, and his father added 300 rubles. However, upon arriving at the regiment, the poet told Martynov that the packet of letters had been stolen from him, and reimbursed his colleague for the missing money. Then, when Nikolai told about this story in the family circle, Solomon Martynov seemed to be surprised: how could Lermontov find out about the amount invested? In a word, the Martynovs suspected Lermontov of having opened a package of letters in order to find out what Natalya Solomonovna was writing about him.

The suspicion remained a suspicion, but later, when Lermontov made fun of Martynov, he sometimes hinted to him about the letter. However, it is unlikely that this incident could be the cause of the duel. Indeed, in 1940, Martynov's mother wrote to her son that Lermontov often visits them, and the young ladies really like his company. Could Lermontov have entered the Martynovs' house if his unattractive role in the disappearance of letters had been proven? It seems unlikely.

Killer's sister - Natalya Martynova

Version 5. Lermontov was shot not by Martynov, but by a sniper. This version was put forward back in the 1930s by the then director of the Pyatigorsk museum "Lermontov's House" Stepan Korotkov. And he was immediately removed from his post with the wording "for the vulgar version of the murder of Lermontov."

However, in 1952, Konstantin Paustovsky wrote a story about Lermontov, River Spills, which ended with a strange hint: “simultaneously with Martynov’s shot, he seemed to have a second shot, from the bushes under the cliff over which he was standing.”

Soon the works of other authors appeared, who claimed that Lermontov was shot from behind the bushes, from under the cliff, from behind from the cliff. The essence of the variants of this version boils down to the following: a hired killer armed with a rifle was secretly present at the duel between Martynov and Lermontov. Allegedly, he fired at the same time as Martynov and killed the poet.

Supporters of this version find it strange the nature of the mortal wound that pierced Lermontov's body right through at an angle of about 35 ° to the horizon. The bullet hit the right side under the lower, 12th rib, and exited between the 5th and 6th ribs on the opposite, left side of the chest, almost at the left shoulder. So it is written in the act of examination of the body of Lermontov. But such a trajectory is allegedly impossible given the known, according to the seconds, position of the duelists. So, the supporters of the version conclude, the killer fired from below and to the side of Lermontov, and the bullet went along an ascending trajectory and exited high from the left half of the chest.

However, there is an explanation for this. It is known that Lermontov, due to the unevenness of the dueling area, stood higher than Martynov and was turned with his right side to the enemy. His right hand, holding the pistol in it, was raised up as he had just fired a shot into the air. With this position of the body, the opposite, left part of the chest and the left shoulder, according to the laws of anatomy, go down. In addition, at the moment of the opponent's shot, Lermontov could instinctively deviate, bending even more to the left. Finally, the bullet could ricochet off the edge of the rib and change direction.

The second "suspicious" circumstance, which supporters of this version emphasize, is a penetrating wound to the chest. When firing from a dueling pistol, it seems to be impossible, but if fired from a rifle .... However, the experiments of scientists have shown that in terms of penetrating ability, the dueling pistol of the Kuchenreuther system is practically not inferior to the modern TT pistol, and at close range it can be pierced through chest person.

Dueling pistols of the Kuchenreuther system

Version 6. Lermontov fought to get his resignation. There is an opinion that the duel was specially arranged so that Lermontov received a resignation, which Nicholas I did not give him. The quarrel between the poet and his friend Martynov was played out “for fun”. The excellent shooter Martynov was supposed to wound the poet, after which a reconciliation of the parties was to take place, for the sake of which they even took a case of champagne with them to the place of the duel. However, there was a thunderstorm, Martynov missed, killing his friend Michel on the spot ...

instead of a postscript. The military court demanded that the killer of Lermontov be deprived of his rank and status. However, Nicholas I issued an unprecedentedly mild decision: “Major Martynov should be put in a guardhouse in the Kyiv fortress for three months and committed to church repentance.”

Martynov served his sentence in the Kyiv fortress, then the Kiev consistory determined the term of penance at 15 years. In 1943, the confessor reduced this period to seven years. Three years later, Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev allowed Martynov to receive the holy mysteries, and on November 25 of the same year, the Synod determined: “To release Martynov, as having brought worthy fruits of repentance, from further public penance.”

In 1845, Nikolai Martynov married the daughter of the Kyiv provincial leader Sophia Proskur-Sushchanskaya. His wife bore him five daughters and six sons.

According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Nikolai Solomonovich suffered until the end of his life because he was responsible for the death of Lermontov. And as some of them assure, every year on July 15 he locked himself in his office and drank himself unconscious ...

Monument to Mikhail Lermontov in Pyatigorsk

By the way. Nikolai Martynov was a native of Nizhny Novgorod. The house of his father Solomon Mikhailovich, who was engaged in wine farming, was one of the richest in Nizhny. It was located between the current Semashko Street and the Upper Volga Embankment. Martynov Sr. was remembered in Nizhny Novgorod as a generous philanthropist. Leaving the city, he transferred his house to the city hospital, which for a long time was called "Martynovsky". Solomon's sister - Daria Mikhailovna - was a prisoner of the Pugachevites, and later she took the veil and became abbess of the Exaltation of the Cross Monastery on the current Lyadov Square in Nizhny Novgorod ...

Abstract from the site "Lermontov.info"