05 Hygiene Assessment Guide. Hygienic assessment of working conditions
CLASSIFICATION OF WORKING CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO INDICATORS OF STRESS IN THE LABOR PROCESS
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Indicators tensions labor process |
Class of working conditions |
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Optimal |
Acceptable | |||
|
Tense the work is easy |
Tense average level of labor |
Hard work |
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|
1st degree |
2 degrees |
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|
5. Operating mode |
||||
|
5.1. Actual working day duration |
more than 12 hours |
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|
5.2. Shift work |
Single shift work (no night shift) |
Two-shift work (no night shift) |
Three-shift work (night shift work) |
Irregular shifts with night work |
|
5.3. Availability is regulated breaks and their duration |
Regulatory breaks sufficient duration: 7% or more of working time |
Regulatory breaks insufficient duration: from 3 to 7% of working time |
Breaks are not regulated and of insufficient duration: up to 3% of working time |
No breaks |
XI. Terms and Definitions
Certification of workplaces according to working conditions- assessment of workplaces for compliance with state regulatory requirements for occupational health and safety, ensuring hazardous conditions labor activity(“On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation” No. 181-FZ).
Hospital hygiene - develops standards and requirements for the placement, layout and sanitary provision of medical institutions in order to create optimal conditions for the stay of patients and favorable working conditions for medical staff.
Safe working conditions are working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful and hazardous production factors is excluded, or their levels do not exceed established standards (“On the basics of labor protection in Russian Federation"No. 181-FZ).
Harmful working conditions are working conditions characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that have an adverse effect on the worker’s body and/or his offspring.
A harmful production factor is a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to illness (“On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation” No. 181-FZ).
Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions are indicators that allow one to assess the degree of deviations of the parameters of the production environment and the labor process from current hygienic standards.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Constitution of the World Health Organization).
Labor intensity is a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the load on the central nervous system, sense organs, the emotional sphere of the employee. Factors characterizing labor intensity include intellectual, sensory, emotional stress, the degree of monotony of workload, and work mode.
Hazardous production factor: an environmental or labor process factor that can cause an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health or death.
Optimal working conditions are prerequisites for maintaining a high level of performance.
Labor protection is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, organizational, technical, sanitary and hygienic, treatment, preventive, rehabilitation and other measures (“On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation.” Federal Law of July 17, 1999 No. 181-FZ).
Occupational disease is a chronic or acute illness of an employee resulting from exposure to a harmful production factor and resulting in temporary or permanent loss of professional ability to work (“On compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases.” Federal Law No. 125 of July 24, 1998 -FZ).
Occupational morbidity is an indicator of the number of newly identified patients with occupational diseases and poisonings during the year, calculated per 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000 workers.
Occupational risk is the likelihood of damage (loss) to health or death associated with the performance of duties under an employment contract and in other cases established by law.
Efficiency is a state of a person determined by the possibility of physiological and mental functions of the body, which characterizes his ability to perform a certain amount of work of a given quality over a required period of time.
Working day (shift) is the duration (in hours) of work during the day established by law.
Work area is the space in which the employee’s permanent or temporary residence is located. The employee is at a permanent workplace more than 50% of the time.
Workplace is a place where an employee must be or where he needs to arrive in connection with his work and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer (“On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation” No. 181-FZ).
A permanent workplace is a place where a worker spends most of his working time (more than 50% or more than 2 hours continuously). If work is carried out at different points in the work area, the entire work area is considered a permanent workplace (GOST 12.1.005-88).
Work ability is a human condition in which the totality of physical, mental and emotional capabilities allows one to perform work of a certain volume and quality (Guide to Medical and Labor Expertise).
The severity of labor is a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the predominant load on the musculoskeletal system and the functional systems of the body (cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.) that ensure its activity.
Working conditions are a set of factors in the production environment and the labor process that affect human performance and health (“On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation” No. 181-FZ).
Human working conditions consist of a combination of factors of the labor process and the working environment in which human activity is carried out. During the work process, an employee may be exposed to a whole range of environmental factors and the labor process, the impact of which on the employee can cause an occupational disease or other health disorder, damage to the health of offspring; such factors are called harmful factors in the working environment or according to ILO terminology hazardous factors in the working environment.
Harmful factors
Harmful factors in the workplace can be:
1. Physical factors: temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation; non-ionizing electro magnetic fields(EMF) and radiation - electrostatic field; constant magnetic field (including hypogeomagnetic); electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz); broadband EMFs created by PCs; electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range; broadband electromagnetic pulses; electromagnetic radiation of the optical range (including laser and ultraviolet); ionizing radiation; industrial noise, ultrasound, infrasound; vibration (local, general); aerosols (dusts) of predominantly fibrogenic action; lighting - natural (absence or insufficiency), artificial (insufficient illumination, pulsation of illumination, excessive brightness, high unevenness of brightness distribution, direct and reflected glare); electrically charged air particles - aeroions;
2. Chemical factors: chemical substances, mixtures, incl. some substances of a biological nature (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, protein preparations) obtained by chemical synthesis and/or for the control of which methods of chemical analysis are used;
3. Biological factors: microorganisms-producers, living cells and spores contained in bacterial preparations, pathogenic microorganisms - pathogens infectious diseases;
4. Labor process factors: hard work(characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the predominant load on the musculoskeletal system and functional systems of the body (cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.), ensuring its activity and characterized by physical dynamic load, the mass of the load lifted and moved, the total number of stereotypical working movements, the size static load, the nature of the working posture, the depth and frequency of body tilt, movements in space) and labor intensity(characteristics of the labor process, reflecting the load primarily on the central nervous system, sensory organs, emotional sphere of the worker; factors characterizing the intensity of work include: intellectual, sensory, emotional loads, degree of monotony of loads, work mode).
The purpose of hygienic assessment of working conditions
Actual working conditions are assessed in accordance with the "Guide to the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions" R 2.2.2006-05 with the aim of:
Establishing priorities for preventive measures and assessing their effectiveness;
Drawing up sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the employee’s working conditions;
Analysis of the connection between changes in the employee’s health status and his working conditions (during periodic, special examinations to clarify the diagnosis);
The first stage of assessing the occupational risk to the health of workers.
If the standard levels of production factors are exceeded, the employer develops a set of measures to improve working conditions, including organizational and technical ones to eliminate the dangerous factor, and if it is impossible to eliminate it, reduce its level to safe limits.
If, as a result of the implementation of measures, the risk of health impairment remains, measures are used to reduce the time of its exposure (time protection). The use of measures to improve working conditions among priorities ranks last.
It must be taken into account that while reducing the levels of harmful factors (dust, chemicals, noise, vibration, microclimate, etc.), PPE can simultaneously have adverse side effects.
Organization of control of working environment factors and labor process
A working conditions control plan is drawn up for a year, supplemented and changed in the event of reconstruction or replacement of equipment, changes or intensification of production processes, detection of occupational diseases or poisonings.
All harmful and dangerous factors characteristic of the workplace and regulated by sanitary standards and rules, hygienic standards, as well as the severity and intensity of work. To compile a list of factors to be measured and assessed, technical, organizational and administrative documentation, certificates of conformity for raw materials, supplies, equipment, etc. are used.
If a worker is exposed to harmful factors that are not typical for his workplace (for example, installing a toilet after the overflow of chemicals from neighboring rooms, when noise spreads from equipment that is not serviced by the employee, etc.), they are measured and assessed as inherent to this worker place.
Measurements are carried out under typical operating conditions technological process. In this case, control methods and measuring instruments are used, provided for by the relevant regulatory and methodological documents. Equipment and instruments used to measure parameters external environment, must undergo state metrological verification within the established time limits and are named in the list of the State Register of recommended devices for control.
Means for assessing the functional state of the body must be calibrated.
Laboratories that measure and evaluate harmful factors in the working environment must be accredited.
Control of factors in cases where this is contraindicated for safety reasons for the main work or for specialists carrying out measurements (extreme situations: rescue operations, fire fighting, etc.) is not carried out.
Hygienic classification of working conditions
Hygienic criteria for assessing working environment factors, the severity and intensity of the labor process are indicators that characterize the degree of deviation of the parameters of working environment factors and the labor process from current hygienic standards.
The classification of working conditions is based on the principle of differentiating these deviations, with the exception of work with pathogens of infectious diseases, with substances for which inhalation or contact with skin (antitumor agents) must be prevented. medicines, hormones-estrogens, narcotic analgesics), which give the right to assign working conditions to a certain class of hazards for potential danger.
Based on the degree of these deviations, working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger are conventionally divided into 4 classes: optimal, acceptable, harmful and dangerous.
Optimal working conditions (1st class)- conditions under which the employee’s health is maintained and the prerequisites are created for maintaining a high level of performance. Optimal standards for working environment factors have been established for microclimatic parameters and workload factors. For other factors, working conditions in which there are no harmful factors or do not exceed levels accepted as safe for the population are conventionally accepted as optimal.
Acceptable working conditions (class 2) are characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed established hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and do not have an adverse effect in the immediate and long-term period on the health of workers and their offspring. Acceptable working conditions are conditionally classified as safe.
Harmful working conditions (grade 3) are characterized by the presence of harmful factors, the levels of which exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the worker’s body and/or his offspring. Harmful working conditions, based on the degree of exceeding hygienic standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers, are conventionally divided into 4 degrees of harmfulness:
1st degree 3rd class (3.1)- working conditions are characterized by such deviations in the levels of harmful factors from hygienic standards that cause functional changes, which are restored, as a rule, with a longer interruption of contact with harmful factors (than at the beginning of the next shift), and increase the risk of damage to health;
2nd degree 3rd class (3.2)- levels of harmful factors that cause persistent functional changes, leading in most cases to an increase in occupationally caused morbidity (which can be manifested by an increase in the level of morbidity with temporary disability and, first of all, those diseases that reflect the condition of the organs and systems most vulnerable to these factors ), the appearance of initial signs or mild forms of occupational diseases (without loss of professional ability), arising after prolonged exposure (often after 15 years or more);
3rd degree 3rd class (3.3)- working conditions characterized by such levels of working environment factors, the impact of which leads to the development, as a rule, of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity (with loss of professional ability to work) during the period of working activity, the growth of chronic (occupation-related) pathology;
4th degree 3rd class (3.4)- working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur (with loss of general ability to work), there is a significant increase in the number of chronic diseases and high levels morbidity with temporary disability.
Dangerous (extreme) working conditions (class 4) characterized by levels of working environment factors, the impact of which during a work shift (or part of it) creates a threat to life, a high risk of developing acute occupational injuries, incl. and severe forms.
Hygienic standards for working conditions
Hygienic standards for working conditions (MPC, PDU) - levels of harmful factors in the working environment, which, when working daily (except for weekends) for 8 hours, but not more than 40 hours per week, during the entire working experience should not cause diseases or deviations in health state of health, detectable modern methods research, in the process of work or in the long term of the life of the present and subsequent generations.
Compliance with hygiene standards does not exclude health problems in people with hypersensitivity.
If the employer, for justified technological and other reasons, cannot fully ensure compliance with hygienic standards in the workplace, he must ensure that the work performed is safe for human health. This can be achieved by implementing a set of protective measures (organizational, sanitary and hygienic, limiting the time of exposure of the worker to the factor - rational work and rest regimes, personal protective equipment, etc.). At the same time, the employee has the right to receive reliable information about working conditions, the degree of their harmfulness, possible adverse health consequences, necessary means personal protection and medical and preventive measures.
Exceeding hygienic standards due to the characteristics of professional activity workers and regulated by industry, national or international acts (for example, the work of pilots, sailors, divers, firefighters, rescuers, etc.) is the basis for the use of rational work and rest regimes and social protection measures in these professions.
An environmental and work process factor that can cause an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health or death is considered hazardous factor in the working environment. Depending on the quantitative characteristics and duration of action, certain harmful factors in the working environment can become dangerous.
Work in dangerous (extreme) working conditions (class 4) is not allowed, with the exception of emergency response and emergency work to prevent emergency situations. In this case, the work must be carried out in appropriate personal protective equipment and in compliance with the regimes regulated for such work, for example, the time for repairing hot furnaces is regulated by the “Sanitary Rules for Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises” and “Sanitary Rules for Non-ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises”.
Allowable contact time for individual workers professional groups employed in hazardous working conditions (time protection), the employer establishes in agreement with the territorial departments of Rospotrebnadzor.
Working in conditions of exceeding hygienic standards is a violation of the Laws of the Russian Federation and the basis for the application of sanctions for harmful and dangerous working conditions by bodies and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare () and other regulatory organizations.
General hygienic assessment of working conditions
Classes of working conditions are established on the basis of all actually measured parameters of working environment factors and the labor process, divided into the following groups:
Chemical factor;
Biological factor;
Aerosols of preferential fibrogenic action (PFD);
Vibroacoustic factors;
Microclimate;
Light environment;
Non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation;
Ionizing radiation;
Aeroion composition of air;
Difficulty of work;
Labor intensity.
If the actual values of the levels of harmful factors are within the limits of optimal or permissible values, respectively, then the working conditions at the workplace meet hygienic requirements and belong to class 1 or 2.
If the level of at least one factor exceeds the permissible value, then the working conditions in such a workplace, depending on the magnitude of the excess, both for an individual factor and in their combination, can be classified as 1 - 4 degrees of the 3rd class of harmful or 4th class of dangerous working conditions.
To establish a class of working conditions exceeding MPCs, MPCs can be recorded during one shift, if it is typical for a given technological process. In case of atypical or episodic (within a week, month) exposure, the assessment of working conditions is carried out based on the equivalent exposure and/or the maximum level of the factor, and in difficult cases, in agreement with the territorial Rospotrebnadzor.
Assessment of working conditions taking into account the combined action of factors is carried out on the basis of the results of measurements of individual factors, which take into account the effects of summation under the combined action of chemicals, biological factors, and various frequency ranges of electromagnetic radiation.
The overall rating is determined:
According to the highest class and degree of harmfulness;
In the case of a combined effect of 3 or more factors belonging to class 3.1, the overall assessment of working conditions corresponds to class 3.2;
When 2 or more factors of classes 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 are combined, working conditions are assessed accordingly one degree higher.
By agreement with Rospotrebnadzor, working conditions can be assessed as less harmful (by one level, but not lower than class 3.1) by reducing the time of contact with harmful factors (time protection), in accordance with recommendations developed by specialists from Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions, scientific or educational organizations hygienic profile, or when using effective (with a certificate of conformity) personal protective equipment (with the exception of the class of working conditions in relation to exposure to microclimatic conditions, where standards have already been developed taking into account PPE); Moreover, the work and rest regimes of workers exposed to vibration do not change the class of working conditions.
Sometimes it happens that you need to shout to another person who is at a great distance, but there is no mobile phone at hand. Or it is outside the network's reach. Usually you have to fold your hands into a megaphone and strain your vocal cords in order to try to shout to a distant interlocutor or even to a whole group of people.
Factoring is a range of financial services for manufacturers and suppliers trading on deferred payment terms. Certain features of factoring can be found in Ancient Mesopotamia during the era of King Hammurabi - about 2000 BC, and in Ancient Rome, when merchants used it in their activities. A certain stage in the development of factoring is associated with the emergence of the “House of Factors” in England in the 17th century, when many large European trading houses had their representatives in trading colonies. The rapid development of factoring activity was observed in North America in the second half of the 19th century.
Log houses in Rus' were wooden structures whose walls were assembled from processed logs. This is how huts, temples, wooden kremlin towers and other wooden architecture structures were built. A log house and various wooden fences for the terrace are being built from coniferous and hardwood logs. Such wood must be dry, free from rot, cracks, fungus and not infested with wood beetles.
Gone are the days when in the USSR citizens were allocated plots of land from 4 to 6 acres for vegetable gardens, on which they were allowed to build a one-story house measuring no more than 3 by 5 meters - a kind of dacha outbuilding for storing garden tools and other dacha utensils year-round. But even then to many garden plots electricity was supplied, and water supply in the gardens was ensured by supplying water pipes or digging wells.
Manual R 2.2.2006-05
"Guide to the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions"
(approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on July 29, 2005) Guide on Hygienic Assessment of Factors of Working Environment and Work Load. Criteria and Classification of Working Conditions
Introduced to replace R 2.2.755-99
"Hygienic evaluation criteria and classification
working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger
factors of the working environment, severity
and the intensity of the labor process"; R 2.2./2.6.1.1195-03
(Addendum No. 1 to R 2.2.755-99)
Monitoring the state of the employee’s working conditions for compliance with current sanitary rules and regulations, hygienic standards and obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion;
Establishing priorities for preventive measures and assessing their effectiveness;
Creation of a data bank on working conditions at the level of organization, industry, etc.;
Certification of workplaces for working conditions and certification of labor protection work in the organization;
Drawing up sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the employee’s working conditions;
Analysis of the connection between changes in the employee’s health status and his working conditions (during periodic medical examinations, special examinations to clarify the diagnosis);
Investigations of cases of occupational diseases, poisonings and other work-related health problems.
At the same time, the employee has the right to receive reliable information about working conditions, the degree of their harmfulness, possible adverse health effects, necessary personal protective equipment and medical and preventive measures.
Note . Control of factors in cases where this is contraindicated for safety reasons for the main work or for specialists carrying out measurements (extreme situations: rescue operations, fire fighting, etc.) is not carried out.
Note . For example, the time for repairing hot furnaces is regulated by the “Sanitary Rules for Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises” and “Sanitary Rules for Non-ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises”.
Bodies and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare when monitoring the implementation of sanitary rules and norms, hygienic standards in the workplace and conducting social and hygienic monitoring;
Organizations accredited to carry out work to assess working conditions (certification of workplaces based on working conditions);
Centers for occupational pathology and occupational medicine, medical units, clinics and other treatment and preventive institutions providing medical service workers;
Employers and employees for their information about working conditions in the workplace (upon entry to work and during employment);
Social and health insurance authorities.
See Regulations on social and hygienic monitoring, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 2, 2006 N 60
Optimal working conditions (class 1) - conditions under which the employee’s health is preserved and the prerequisites are created for maintaining a high level of performance. Optimal standards for working environment factors have been established for microclimatic parameters and workload factors. For other factors, working conditions in which there are no harmful factors or do not exceed levels accepted as safe for the population are conventionally accepted as optimal.
Acceptable working conditions (class 2) are characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed established hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and do not have an adverse effect in the immediate and future. in the long term on the health of workers and their offspring. Acceptable working conditions are conditionally classified as safe.
Harmful working conditions (class 3) are characterized by the presence of harmful factors, the levels of which exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the worker’s body and/or his offspring.
Harmful working conditions in terms of the degree of excess of hygienic standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers ** conditionally divided into 4 degrees of harmfulness:
1st degree, 3rd class (3.1) - working conditions are characterized by such deviations in the levels of harmful factors from hygienic standards that cause functional changes, which are restored, as a rule, with a longer interruption of contact with harmful factors (than at the beginning of the next shift) and increase the risk of damage to health ;
2 degree 3 class (3.2) - levels of harmful factors that cause persistent functional changes, leading in most cases to an increase in occupational morbidity (which can be manifested by an increase in the level of morbidity with temporary disability and, first of all, those diseases that reflect the condition of the most organs and systems vulnerable to these factors), the appearance of initial signs or mild forms of occupational diseases (without loss of professional ability) that arise after prolonged exposure (often after 15 years or more);
3rd degree 3rd class (3.3) - working conditions characterized by such levels of working environment factors, the impact of which leads to the development, as a rule, of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity (with loss of professional ability to work) during the period of working activity, the growth of chronic (occupationally caused ) pathology;
4th degree, 3rd class (3.4) - working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur (with loss of general ability to work), there is a significant increase in the number of chronic diseases and high levels of morbidity with temporary loss of ability to work.
Hazardous (extreme) working conditions (class 4) are characterized by levels of working environment factors, the impact of which during a work shift (or part of it) creates a threat to life, a high risk of developing acute occupational injuries, incl. and severe forms.
The hygienic criteria for assessing the ionizing factor are fundamentally different from the assessment of other factors in the working environment, therefore the assessment and classification of working conditions in the workplaces of personnel who, during their work activities, may be exposed to radiation from man-made sources of ionizing radiation are presented in a separate section. .
│3. Emotional stress │
││
│3.1.Degree│Carries│Carries│Carries│Carries│
│responsibility │responsible-│responsible-│responsible- │responsible-│
│result│concern for│concern for│concern for│concern for│
│own│execution│functionality- │functionality-│functionality- │
│activities.│individual│quality│quality│quality│
│Significance│of│elements│auxiliary│main│final│
│mistakes│tasks.│work│work│products,│
││Involves│(tasks).│(tasks).│works,│
││is│driven by│driven by│tasks.│
││additional- │by itself│entails│
││extra efforts in│additional │corrections │by yourself│
││work│efforts with│account│damage│
││sides│sides│additional-│equipment,│
││employee│superior │efforts│stop│
│││manuals│total│technological-│
│││(foreman,│team│whose process│
│││masters│(groups,│may│
│││etc.)│brigades and│emerge│
││││etc.)│danger for│
│││││life│
│3.2.Degree│Excluded│││Probable│
│risk for│││││
│own│││││
│life│││││
├────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│3.3.Degree│Excluded│││Possible│
│responsibility │││││
│safety│││││
│other persons│││││
├────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│3.4.Quantity│ None │1-3│4-8│More than 8│
│conflict│││││
│situations,│││││
│conditioned│││││
│professional│││││
│activity,│││││
│per shift│││││
├────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┤
││
││
│5. Operating mode │
││
├────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬────────────┬─────────────┤
│5.1. Actual│6-7 hours│8-9 hours│10-12 hours│more than 12 hours│
│continuator-│││││
│worker's ability│││││
│days│││││
├────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│5.2.Shift│Single shift│Double shift│Three shift │Irregular │
│work│work(without│work(without│work│shiftwith│
││night shift)│night shift)│(working│working│
││││night│night time │
││││shift)││
├────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│5.3.Availability│Breaks│Breaks│Breaksnot│Breaks│
│regulated-│regulated-│regulated-│regulations- │absent│
│new breaks and│baths,│baths,│roofed││
│their│sufficient│insufficient│insufficient- ││
│continued-│continued-│continued-│noy││
│nosity:7% and│nosity:from 3│continue- ││
││more│up to 7%│ness: up to││
││worker│worker│3%worker││
││time│time│time││
└────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┘
(required)
Hygienic assessment criteriaand classification of working conditions when working with sources of ionizing radiation*
The probability of occurrence of stochastic non-threshold effects is proportional to the dose, and the severity of their manifestation does not depend on the dose. The latent period for the occurrence of these effects in an irradiated person ranges from 2 - 5 to 30-50 years or more.
According to NRB-99, a gradual, whenever possible, reduction of individual doses is necessary exposure up to 10 μSv/year - values, corresponding to a lifetime individual risk as a result of exposure during the year 10(-6), which is assessed as negligible or absolutely acceptable.
Working conditions are considered acceptable in cases where the maximum potential effective dose numerically corresponds to:
The permissible average annual dose of man-made exposure to group B personnel, i.e., exposure of the working part of the adult population who does not undergo a special entrance medical examination is allowed, with a dose of 5 m3/year;
The normalized dose of radiation from natural sources in industrial conditions by NRB-99, i.e. under these conditions, it is allowed to irradiate the working part of the adult population, who do not undergo a special entrance medical examination, with a dose of 5 mSv/year;
The annual dose limit for the population, i.e. In a given year, exposure of the population (including children) to a dose of 5 mSv/year is allowed.
Maximum potential effective dose rate;
Maximum potential equivalent dose rate in the lens of the eye, skin, hands and feet.
Classes of working conditions and degrees of hazard depending on the potential dose rate are presented in .
Table A.14.1
Potential maximum dose values when working with radiation sources under standard conditions, mSv/year─────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Potential│Class of working conditions│
│maximum annual ├───────────┬──────────────────────── ────────── ───────────────────┬──────────┤
│dose│Acceptable │Harmful - 3│Dangerous-│
││- 2├────────────┬────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┤4 │
│││3.1│3.2│3.3 │3.4 ││
│Effective│<=5│>5- 10│>10-20│>20-50│>50-100│>100│
├─────────────────────┼───────────┼────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────┤
│Equivalent to│<=40│>37,5-75│>75-150│ >150-187,5│ >187,5-300│>300│
│lens of the eye│││││││
├─────────────────────┼───────────┼────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────┤
│Equivalent in skin,│<=125│>125-250│>250-500│>500-750│>750-1000│>1000│
│hands and feet│││││││
├─────────────────────┴───────────┴────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────┤
│* Working with radiation sources under conditions where the maximum potential individual│
│effective and/or equivalent doses for irradiation for a year under standard conditions (clause 8.2│
│NRB-99) may exceed the basic dose limits, it is allowed only when carrying out the necessary│
│additional protective measures (protection by time, distance, shielding, use of PPE│
│etc.), guaranteeing not exceeding established dose limits, or planned increased│
│irradiation.
Potential dose rate for assessing classes and degrees of working conditions (in DMPD units)┌───────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Power│Class of working conditions│
│potential-├────────┬─────────────────────────── ────────── ────┬────────┤
│ no dose│Acceptable-│Harmful - 3│Dangerous │
my - 2 ──────┤- 4 │
│││1 degree │2 degrees│3 degrees │4 degrees││
│││- 3.1│- 3.2│- 3.3│- 3.4││
│1│2│3│4│5│6│7│
├───────────┼────────┼──────────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼────────┤
│Effective│<=1│>1-2│>2-4│>4-10│ >10-20│>20│
├───────────┼────────┼──────────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼────────┤
│Equivalent-│<=1│>1-2│>2-4│>4-5│>5-8│>8│
│in reality│││││││
│lens │││││││
│eyes│││││││
├───────────┼────────┼──────────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼────────┤
│Equivalent-│<=1│>1-2│>2-4│>4-5│>5-8│>8│
│skinned,│││││││
│brushes│││││││
│feet│││││││
└───────────┴────────┴──────────┴─────────┴──────────┴─────────┴────────┘
3.4. Potential radiation dose rate (RPD) for personnel is determined by for an effective dose and/or - for an equivalent dose.
external 6 internal
MTD = 1.7 x H+ 2.4 x 10 x Sum(C) x epsilon, where(1)
U,GU,GU,G
MPD - potential radiation dose rate, mSv/year;
ext.
H - ambient dose rate of external radiation
workplace, μSv/h, determined by the submitted
radiation control;
C - volumetric activity of aerosols (gases) compounds
U, Gradionuclide U transportability class G on
workplace, Bq/m3, determined by the submitted
radiation control;
internal
epsilon - dose coefficient for radionuclide compound U
U,G type compounds for inhalation G from app. 1NRB-99,
Sv/Bq;
1.7 - coefficient taking into account standard irradiation time
personnel during the calendar year (1700 hours/year for
personnel group A) and unit sizes
(10(3) μSv/mSv);
2.4x10 - coefficient taking into account the volume of breathing per year (2.4 x
10(3) m3/year for personnel of group A) and dimension
applied units (10(3) mSv/Sv).
organ.organ
MTD = 1.7 x MD, where (2)
organ.
MPD - potential equivalent dose rate per organ
given workplace, mSv/year;
1.7 - coefficient taking into account the standard irradiation time
during the calendar year (1700 hours/year for staff
group A) and unit size (103 μSv/mSv);
organ.
MD - ambient dose rate of external irradiation of an organ per
workplace, μSv/h, determined by the submitted
radiation control.
When calculating the maximum potential dose rate, the working hours for personnel of group A are taken equal to 1700 hours per year, for all other workers - 2000 hours per year and, accordingly, And a coefficient of 2.0 is used instead of 1.7.
3.5. IN the values of the average annual potential dose rate are given in units of permissible annual potential dose rate (APDR), i.e. in relative units. Permissible annual potential dose rate - DMPD is defined as the ratio of the maximum permissible potential effective (equivalent) dose to the standard duration of work during the year, which is taken:
For group A personnel - 1700 hours/year;
For Group B personnel - 2000 hours/year;
For workers not belonging to groups A and B, in case of natural exposure in production conditions - 2000 hours/year. │
├────────────────────┬──────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┤
│1│2│3│
│For effective MPD │1 DMPD│5 mSv/1700 h = 0.003 mSv/h│
│││(3.0 µSv/h);│
││2 DMPD│10 mSv/1700 h = 0.006 mSv/h│
│││(6.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││4 DMPD│20 mSv/1700 h = 0.012 mSv/h│
│││(12.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││10 DMPD│50 mSv/1700 h = 0.03 mSv/h│
│││(30.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││20 DMPD│100 mSv/1700 h = 0.06 mSv/h│
│││(60.0 µSv/h).│
├────────────────────┼──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│For an equivalent│1 DMPD│37.5 mSv/1700 h = 0.022 mSv/h│
│MPIrradiation││(22.0 µSv/h)│
│lens of the eye│││
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││2 DMPD│75 mSv/1700 h = 0.044 mSv/h│
│││(44.0 µSv/h)│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││4 DMPD│150 mSv/1700 h = 0.088 mSv/h│
│││(88.0 µSv/h)│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││5 DMPD│187.5 mSv/1700 h = 0.11 mSv/h│
│││(110.0 µ3v/h)│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││8 DMPD│300 mSv/1700 h = 0.176 mSv/h│
│││(176.0 µSv/h).│
├────────────────────┼──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│For an equivalent│1 DMPD│125 mSv/1700 h = 0.075 mSv/h│
│MPD of skin irradiation,││(75.0 μSv/h);│
│hands and feet├──────────┼────────────────────────── ──────── ─────┤
││2 DMPD│250 mSv/1700 h = 0.15 mSv/h│
│││(150.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││4 DMPD│500 mSv/1700 h = 0.3 mSv/h│
│││(300.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││5 DMPD│750 mSv/1700 h = 0.44 mSv/h│
│││(440.0 µSv/h);│
│├──────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
││8 DMPD│1000 mSv/1700 h = 0.6 mSv/h│
│││(600.0 µSv/h).│
├────────────────────┴──────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┤
│When assessing the working conditions of workplaces of personnel of group B and workers in│
│case of natural irradiation in industrial conditions│
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│Potential dose rate values are determined in the same way as for│
│Group A personnel, but subject to standard work hours│
│during the year 2000 hours│
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
4. Terms and definitions used in the hygienic assessment of ionizing radiationMaximum potential dose - the maximum individual effective (equivalent) radiation dose that can be received in a calendar year when working with sources of ionizing radiation under standard conditions at a specific workplace, Sv/year.
Effective (equivalent) annual dose - the sum of the effective (equivalent) dose of external radiation received in a calendar year and the expected effective (equivalent) dose of internal radiation caused by the intake of radionuclides into the body for the same year (clause 18 of the section “Terms and definitions” NRB-99 and OSPORB- 99).
Unit of annual effective dose - sievert (Sv).
Source of ionizing radiation - a radioactive substance or device that emits or is capable of emitting ionizing radiation, which is subject to NRB-99 and OSPORB-99 (clause 27 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Technogenic radiation source - a source of ionizing radiation specially created for its useful application or being a by-product of this activity (clause 29 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Closed radionuclide source - a radiation source, the design of which prevents the release of the radionuclides it contains into the environment under the conditions of use and wear for which it is designed (clause 30 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Open radionuclide source - a radiation source, the use of which may release the radionuclides it contains into the environment (clause 31 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Work place - a place of permanent or temporary stay of personnel to perform production functions under conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation for more than half of the working time or two hours continuously (clause 37 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Temporary work place - place (or room) where personnel stay to perform production functions under conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation for less than half the working time or less than two hours continuously.
Permanent work place - place (or room) where personnel stay to perform production functions under conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation for at least half of the working time or two hours continuously. If maintenance of production processes is carried out in different areas of the premises, then the entire premises is considered a permanent workplace.
Dose rate - radiation dose per unit of time (second, minute, hour) (clause 38 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Potential radiation dose rate - the maximum potential effective (equivalent) radiation dose for a standard operating time of a year. (Within the scope of this document).
Industrial irradiation - exposure of workers from all man-made and natural sources of ionizing radiation in the process of production activities (clause 45 of the section “Terms and Definitions” NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Radiation object - an organization where man-made sources of ionizing radiation are handled (clause 49 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Staff - persons working with man-made radiation sources (group A) or who, due to working conditions, are in the sphere of their influence (group B) (clause 55 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Radiation accident - loss of control of the source of ionizing radiation caused by equipment malfunction, incorrect actions of workers (personnel), natural disasters or other reasons that could lead or led to exposure of people above established standards or radioactive contamination environment(Clause 58 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Working with a source of ionizing radiation - all types of handling of radiation sources in the workplace, including radiation monitoring (clause 60 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Working with radioactive substances - all types of handling of radioactive substances in the workplace, including radiation monitoring (clause 61 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Radiation risk - the likelihood of any harmful effect occurring in a person or his offspring as a result of irradiation (clause 62 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Ambient dose equivalent (ambient dose) H(d) - dose equivalent, which was created in the MCPE spherical phantom at a depth d (mm) from the surface along a diameter parallel to the direction of radiation, in a radiation field identical to that considered in composition, fluence and energy distribution, but monodirectional and uniform. The ambient dose equivalent is used to characterize the radiation field at a point coinciding with the center of the spherical phantom.
Glossary of basic terms: tutorial, ed. V.A. Kutkova.
Radiation effects are deterministic - clinically detectable harmful biological effects caused by ionizing radiation, for which it is assumed that there is a threshold below which there is no effect, and above which the severity of the effect depends on the dose (clause 70 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
Radiation effects are stochastic - harmful biological effects caused by ionizing radiation that do not have a dose threshold of occurrence, the probability of occurrence of which is proportional to the dose and for which the severity of the manifestation does not depend on the dose (clause 71 of the “Terms and Definitions” section of NRB-99 and OSPORB-99).
_____________________________
* Developed by the creative team: O.A. Kochetkov, A.V. Simakov (leaders), Yu.V. Abramov, A.G. Tsovyanov (SSC-Institute of Biophysics), V.A. Kutkov (RRC "Kurchatov Institute"), V.Ya. Golikov, A.A. Gorsky, E.P. Ermolina (Russian medical Academy postgraduate education (RMAPO), E.B. Antipin (Federal Administration "Medbioextrem"), I.V. Baranov, V.I. Grishmanovsky, A.P. Panfilov (Department of Security and Emergency Situations (DSES) of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy), V.A. Arkhipov (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).
I approve
Head of the Federal
supervision services in the field
and human well-being,
Chief State
sanitary doctor
Russian Federation
2.2. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
MANAGEMENT
BY HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS
WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND LABOR PROCESS. CRITERIA
AND CLASSIFICATION OF WORKING CONDITIONS
GUIDE ON HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS OF WORKING
ENVIRONMENT AND WORK LOAD. CRITERIA AND CLASSIFICATION
OF WORKING CONDITIONS
MANAGEMENT
1. Developed by: State Research Institute of Occupational Medicine Russian Academy medical sciences; with the participation of the Ivanovo Research Institute of Labor Protection; Research Institute of Labor Safety Problems FNPR; Russian State Medical University; All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene; , Saint Petersburg; Research Institute of Labor Protection, Yekaterinburg; Tverskoy state university; taking into account the comments and suggestions of bodies and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, "Karat".
2. Recommended for approval by the Commission on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards under the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Protocol No. 2 of 01.01.01).
3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on July 29, 2005.
5. Introduced to replace R 2.2.755-99 “Hygienic assessment criteria and classification of working conditions according to indicators of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process”; R 2.2/2.6.1.1195-03 (Addendum No. 1 to R 2.2.755-99).
1. Scope and general provisions
1.1. This “Guide to the hygienic assessment of working environment factors and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions” (hereinafter referred to as the Guide) includes hygienic criteria for assessing working environment factors, the severity and intensity of the labor process and the hygienic classification of working conditions according to indicators of harmfulness and danger.
1.2. The guidelines are used for the following purposes:
Monitoring the state of the employee’s working conditions for compliance with current sanitary rules and regulations, hygienic standards and obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion;
Establishing priorities for preventive measures and assessing their effectiveness;
Certification of workplaces for working conditions and certification of labor protection work in the organization;
Drawing up sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the employee’s working conditions;
Analysis of the connection between changes in the employee’s health status and his working conditions (during periodic medical examinations, special examinations to clarify the diagnosis);
Investigations of cases of occupational diseases, poisonings and other work-related health problems.
1.3. The use of these Guidelines for assessing occupational risk should be considered as its first stage (in accordance with the provisions of R 2.2.1766-03 “Guidelines for assessing risks to the health of workers. Organizational and methodological foundations, principles and criteria”).
1.4. Work in conditions of exceeding hygienic standards is a violation of the Laws of the Russian Federation: "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens", "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", "On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation" and the basis for use by bodies and institutions of the Federal Service for supervision in the field of protection of consumer rights and human well-being and other regulatory organizations within the limits of the rights granted to them by law to apply sanctions for harmful and dangerous working conditions.
1.5. In cases where the employer, for justified technological and other reasons, cannot fully ensure compliance with hygienic standards in the workplace, he must (in accordance with Article 11 of Federal Law N 52-FZ) ensure the safety of the work performed for human health. This can be achieved by implementing a set of protective measures (organizational, sanitary and hygienic, limiting the time of exposure of the worker to the factor - rational work and rest regimes, personal protective equipment, etc.).
At the same time, the employee has the right to receive reliable information about working conditions, the degree of their harmfulness, possible adverse health effects, necessary personal protective equipment and medical and preventive measures.
1.6. Exceeding hygienic standards, due to the characteristics of the professional activities of workers and regulated by industry, national or international acts (for example, the work of pilots, sailors, divers, firefighters, rescuers, etc.), is the basis for the use of rational work and rest regimes and social protection measures in these professions. Actual working conditions in these professions are assessed in accordance with these Guidelines.
Note. Control of factors in cases where this is contraindicated for safety reasons for the main work or for specialists carrying out measurements (extreme situations: rescue operations, fire fighting, etc.) is not carried out.
1.7. Work in dangerous (extreme) working conditions (class 4) is not allowed, with the exception of emergency response and emergency work to prevent emergency situations. In this case, the work must be carried out in appropriate personal protective equipment and in compliance with the regimes regulated for such work.
Note. For example, the time for repairing hot furnaces is regulated by the “Sanitary Rules for Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises” and “Sanitary Rules for Non-ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises”.
1.8. Allowable contact time for workers of certain professional groups employed in hazardous working conditions ( time protection), the employer establishes in agreement with the territorial departments of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the basis of the “Guide to assessing risks to the health of workers. Organizational and methodological foundations, principles and criteria” R 2.2.1766-03. In this case, the class of working conditions can be lowered by one level (in accordance with clause 5.11.6 of the Guide ), but not lower than class 3.1.
1.9. The document is intended for:
Bodies and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare when monitoring the implementation of sanitary rules and norms, hygienic standards in the workplace and conducting social and hygienic monitoring;
Organizations accredited to carry out work to assess working conditions (certification of workplaces based on working conditions);
Centers for occupational pathology and occupational medicine, medical units, clinics and other treatment and preventive institutions providing medical care to workers;
Employers and employees for their information about working conditions in the workplace (upon entry to work and during employment);
Social and health insurance authorities.
1.10. For individual species production, work, professions that have a pronounced specificity (floaters, vehicle drivers, railway workers, rotational work methods, etc.), it is recommended to develop industry documents that must be agreed upon with the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (if they apply to the industry, general professions, types of work) or with territorial departments of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare - if the document applies to individual enterprises, work specific to a given territory.
2.1. "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens" dated 01.01.01 (Articles 11, 13).
2.2. Federal Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated January 1, 2001 N 52-FZ, as amended on December 30, 2001; 10.01, 30.06, 22.08.04 (Art.
2.3. Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Labor Safety in the Russian Federation" dated January 1, 2001 N 181-FZ (Articles 3, 4, 8, 9, 14, 21).
2.4. Federal Law "On Radiation Safety of the Population" dated January 9, 1996 N 3-FZ.
2.5. Federal Law "On the Use of Atomic Energy" dated January 1, 2001 N 170-FZ.
2.6. Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" dated January 1, 2001 N 184-FZ.
ConsultantPlus: note.
There appears to be a typo in the official text of the document: Federal Law “On Compulsory Social Insurance against Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases” N 125-FZ was issued on July 24, 1998, and not on July 24, 2000.
2.7. Federal Law "On compulsory social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases" dated 01.01.01 N 125-FZ.
2.8. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2004 N 322 “On approval of the Regulations on the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare.”
2.9. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Regulations on social and hygienic monitoring" dated June 1, 2000 N 426.
2.10. Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia "On certification of workplaces according to working conditions" dated March 14, 1997 N 12.
3. Basic concepts used in the Guide
Working conditions are a set of factors of the labor process and the working environment in which human activity is carried out.
Harmful factor in the working environment<*>- an environmental and labor process factor, the impact of which on an employee can cause an occupational disease or other health disorder, or damage to the health of offspring.
<*>In ILO terminology, a hazardous factor in the working environment.
Harmful factors can be:
Physical factors - temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation; non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiation - electrostatic field; constant magnetic field (including hypogeomagnetic); electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz); broadband EMFs created by PCs; electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range; broadband electromagnetic pulses; electromagnetic radiation of the optical range (including laser and ultraviolet); ionizing radiation; industrial noise, ultrasound, infrasound; vibration (local, general); aerosols (dusts) of predominantly fibrogenic action; lighting - natural (absence or insufficiency), artificial (insufficient illumination, pulsation of illumination, excessive brightness, high unevenness of brightness distribution, direct and reflected glare); electrically charged air particles - aeroions;
- chemical factors- chemical substances, mixtures, including some substances of biological nature (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, protein preparations), obtained by chemical synthesis and/or for the control of which chemical analysis methods are used;
- biological factors- microorganisms-producers, living cells and spores contained in bacterial preparations, pathogenic microorganisms - causative agents of infectious diseases;
- labor process factors.
Difficulty of work- characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the predominant load on the musculoskeletal system and functional systems of the body (cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.) that ensure its activity. The severity of labor is characterized by physical dynamic load, the mass of the load being lifted and moved, the total number of stereotypical working movements, the magnitude of the static load, the nature of the working posture, the depth and frequency of body tilt, and movements in space.
Labor intensity is a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the load primarily on the central nervous system, sensory organs, and emotional sphere of the worker. Factors characterizing labor intensity include: intellectual, sensory, emotional stress, the degree of monotony of loads, and work mode.
Hazardous working environment- an environmental and labor process factor that can cause an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health or death. Depending on the quantitative characteristics and duration of action, certain harmful factors in the working environment can become dangerous.
Hygienic standards for working conditions (MPC, MPL) - levels of harmful factors in the working environment, which, with daily (except weekends) work for 8 hours, but not more than 40 hours per week, during the entire working period should not cause diseases or deviations in health status, discovered by modern research methods, in the process of work or in the long-term life of the present and subsequent generations. Compliance with hygiene standards does not exclude health problems in people with hypersensitivity.
Note. Hygienic standards are justified taking into account an 8-hour work shift. For longer shifts, but not more than 40 hours per week, in each specific case the possibility of work must be agreed upon with the territorial departments of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, taking into account the health indicators of workers (according to periodic medical examinations, etc. .), the presence of complaints about working conditions and mandatory compliance with hygiene standards.
4. General principles hygienic
classification of working conditions
4.1. Hygienic criteria are indicators that characterize the degree of deviation of the parameters of working environment factors and the labor process from current hygienic standards. The classification of working conditions is based on the principle of differentiating the specified deviations, with the exception of work with pathogens of infectious diseases, with substances for which inhalation or contact with the skin should be excluded (antitumor drugs, estrogen hormones, narcotic analgesics), which give the right to classify working conditions to a certain hazard class for potential danger.
4.2. Based on the degree of deviation of the actual levels of working environment factors and the labor process from hygienic standards, working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger are conventionally divided into 4 classes: optimal, acceptable, harmful and dangerous.
Optimal working conditions (class 1) - conditions under which the employee’s health is preserved and the prerequisites are created for maintaining a high level of performance. Optimal standards for working environment factors have been established for microclimatic parameters and workload factors. For other factors, working conditions in which there are no harmful factors or do not exceed levels accepted as safe for the population are conventionally accepted as optimal.
Acceptable working conditions (class 2) are characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed established hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and do not have an adverse effect in the immediate and future. in the long term on the health of workers and their offspring. Acceptable working conditions are conditionally classified as safe.
Harmful working conditions (class 3) are characterized by the presence of harmful factors, the levels of which exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the worker’s body and/or his offspring.
Harmful working conditions in terms of the degree of excess of hygienic standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers<*>conditionally divided into 4 degrees of harmfulness:
<*>The classification mainly uses a qualitative description of changes in the body of workers, which will be supplemented with quantitative indicators as information about the risks of health problems accumulates.
1st degree 3rd grade (3.1) - working conditions are characterized by such deviations in the levels of harmful factors from hygienic standards that cause functional changes that are usually restored at a longer time (than at the beginning of the next shift) interrupting contact with harmful factors, and increase the risk of damage to health;
2nd degree 3rd grade (3.2) - levels of harmful factors causing persistent functional changes, leading in most cases to increase in occupationally caused morbidity(which can be manifested by an increase in the level of morbidity with temporary disability and, first of all, by those diseases that reflect the condition of the organs and systems most vulnerable to these factors), the appearance of initial signs or mild forms of occupational diseases(without loss of professional ability) arising after prolonged exposure (often after 15 or more years);
3rd degree 3rd class (3.3) - working conditions characterized by such levels of working environment factors, the impact of which leads, as a rule, to the development of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity (with loss of professional ability to work) during the period of working activity, growth of chronic (occupational) pathology;
4th degree 3rd grade (3.4) - working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur (with loss of general ability to work), there is a significant increase in the number of chronic diseases and high levels of morbidity with temporary loss of ability to work.
Dangerous (extreme) working conditions (4th grade) characterized by levels of working environment factors, the impact of which during a work shift (or part of it) creates a threat to life, a high risk of developing acute occupational injuries, including severe forms.
5. Hygienic criteria and classification
working conditions under the influence of working factors
environment and labor process
5.1. Chemical factor
5.1.1. General methodological approaches to monitoring the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area based on maximum and average shift concentrations are set out in the Appendix. 9. The assignment of working conditions to one or another class of hazard and danger according to the level of the chemical factor is carried out according to table. 1.
Table 1
CLASSES OF WORKING CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON
SUBSTANCES (EXCEEDING MAC, TIMES)
┌───────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Harmful substances* │ Class of working conditions │
│ ├──────────┬─────────────────────────┬──────┤
│ │acceptable│ harmful │danger - │
│ │ │ │nyy │
│ │ │ │<7> │
│ ├──────────┼─────┬─────┬──────┬──────┼──────┤
│ │ 2 │ 3.1 │ 3.2 │ 3.3 │ 3.4 │ 4 │
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ 7 │
├───────────────────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│Harmful substances 1 - 4 │<= ПДК │1,1 -│3,1 -│10,1 -│15,1 -│> 20,0│
│hazard classes<1>, │ max│3.0 │10.0 │15.0 │20.0 │ │
│with the exception of the list-│<= ПДК │1,1 -│3,1 -│10,1 -│> 15,0│- │
│lower │ ss │3.0 │10.0 │15.0 │ │ │
├─────┬────────┬────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│Oso- │substance - │with acute-│<= ПДК │1,1 -│2,1 -│4,1 - │6,1 - │> 10,0│
│ben- │va, │direct - │ max│2.0 │4.0 │6.0 │10.0 │ │
│information│dangerous │lazy │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│dey- │for │fur - │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│effects│development│nism │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│acute │action│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│orga-│poison - │<2>, │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│low │lenition │chlorine, │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ ├────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│ │ │irritation - │<= ПДК │1,1 -│2,1 -│5,1 - │10,1 -│> 50,0│
│ │ │pressure │ max│2.0 │5.0 │10.0 │50.0 │ │
│ │ │actions│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │<2> │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ├────────┴────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│ │carcinogens<3>; │<= ПДК │1,1 -│2,1 -│4,1 - │> 10,0│- │
│ │hazardous substances│ ss │2.0 │4.0 │10.0 │ │ │
│ │for reproduction - │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │good health │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │person<4> │ │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────┬────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│Oso- │allergy-│High - │<= ПДК │- │1,1 -│3,1 - │15,1 -│> 20,0│
│ben - │ny<5>│dangerous │max│ │3.0 │15.0 │20.0 │ │
│news│ ├────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──── ──┼──────┼ ──────┤
│dey- │ │Moderate│<= ПДК │1,1 -│2,1 -│5,1 - │15,1 -│> 20,0│
│effects│ │dangerous │max│2.0 │5.0 │15.0 │20.0 │ │
│on ├────────┴────────┼──────────┼─────┼── ───┼────── ┼──────┼──────┤
│orga-│Antitumoral│ │ │ │ │+ │ │
│ism │medicinal │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │medicines, hormones│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │(estrogens)<6> │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ├─────────────────┼──────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤
│ │Narcotic │ │ │+ │ │ │ │
│ │analgesics<6> │ │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┴─────────────────┴──────────┴─────┴─────┴──────┴──────┴──────┤
│ <1>In accordance with GN 2.2.5.1313-03 “Maximum permissible│
│concentration (maximum permissible concentration) of harmful substances in the air of the working area",│
additions to it. │
│ <2>In accordance with GN 2.2.5.1313-03, GN 2.2.5.1314-03│
│"Indicative safe exposure levels (ESL) of harmful substances│
│substances in the air of the working area", additions to them and sections 1,│
│2 App. 2 of this Guide. │
│ <3>In accordance with GN 1.1.725-98 “List of substances│
│products, production processes, household and natural│
│factors carcinogenic to humans" and sections 1, 2 of Appendix 3│
│of this Guide (asbestos-containing dusts are compared according to│
│table 3). │
ConsultantPlus: note.
There appears to be a typo in the official text of the document:
not N 11-8/240-02.
│ <4>In accordance with SanPiN 2.2.0.555-96 “Hygienic│
│requirements for working conditions for women", Methodological recommendations│
│N 11-8/240-02 " Hygiene assessment hazardous production│
│factors and production processes hazardous to reproductive health│
│human health"; Detailed review document on classification│
│systems for reproductive toxicity in OECD member countries/OECD│
│series on testing and assessment No. 15. Paris: OECD. 1999 and│
│App. 4 of this Guide. │
│ <5>In accordance with GN 2.2.5.1313-03, its amendments and│
│App. 5 of this Guide. │
│ <6>Substances, upon receipt and use of which there must be│
│excludes contact with the worker’s respiratory organs and skin when│
│mandatory air control of the working area using approved methods│
│(in accordance with GN 2.2.5.1313-03, additions to it, sections│
│1, 2 App. 6 of this Guide). │
│ <7>Exceeding the specified level can lead to acute,│
│including fatal poisoning. │
│ "+" - regardless of the concentration of harmful substances in the air│
│working area working conditions belong to this class. │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
5.1.2. The degree of harmfulness of working conditions with substances containing
one standard value is established when comparing actual
concentrations with the corresponding maximum permissible concentration (MAC) or
average shift (MPC). The presence of two MPC values requires assessment
working conditions both in terms of maximum and average shift
concentrations, while ultimately the class of working conditions is established
to a higher degree of harmfulness.
5.1.3. For substances dangerous for the development of acute poisoning
comparison of actual concentrations with MPCs and carcinogens
(Appendix 3) - with maximum permissible concentration. In cases where these substances
have two standards, the air in the working area is assessed as
shift average and maximum concentrations. Supplement
string values are used to compare the results obtained
"Harmful substances of hazard classes 1 - 4" table. 1.
For example, the multiple of excess of the actual average shift
concentrations of a substance classified as a carcinogen are compared with
line "Carcinogens", and if for this substance additionally
MPC has been established, the ratio of exceeding the maximum
concentrations are compared with the values given in the first line
"Harmful substances of hazard classes 1 - 4" (<= ПДК).
Accordingly, for substances hazardous to the development of acute
poisoning, and allergens in addition to the maximum permissible concentrations having maximum permissible concentrations,
the obtained shift-average concentrations are compared with the values
the multiplicity of exceeding the MPC of the same line.
5.1.4. If several harmful substances of unidirectional action with a summation effect are simultaneously present in the air of the working area (Appendix 1), they proceed from calculating the sum of the ratios of the actual concentrations of each of them to their MPC. The resulting value should not exceed one (the permissible limit for the combination), which corresponds to acceptable working conditions. If the result obtained is greater than one, then the hazard class of working conditions is established by the multiple of excess of one in that line of the table. 1, which corresponds to the nature of the biological action of the substances that make up the combination, or according to the first line of the same table.
Note. The potentiation effect noted for a number of compounds is usually found at high levels of exposure. At concentrations close to the maximum permissible concentration, a summation effect is most often observed; This is precisely the principle laid down for evaluating such combinations.
5.1.5. When two or more harmful substances of multidirectional action are simultaneously present in the air of the working area, the class of working conditions for the chemical factor is established as follows:
For a substance whose concentration corresponds to the highest class and degree of harmfulness;
The presence of any number of substances whose levels correspond to class 3.1 does not increase the degree of harmfulness of working conditions;
Three or more substances with class 3.2 levels transfer working conditions to the next degree of harmfulness - 3.3;
Two or more hazardous substances with class 3.3 levels transfer working conditions to class 3.4. In a similar way, a transfer from class 3.4 to class 4 is carried out - hazardous working conditions.
5.1.6. If one substance has several specific effects (carcinogen, allergen, etc.), the assessment of working conditions is carried out according to a higher degree of harmfulness.
5.1.7. When working with substances that penetrate the skin and have the appropriate standard - MPL (according to GN 2.2.5.563-96 "Maximum permissible levels (MPL) of skin contamination with harmful substances"), the class of working conditions is established in accordance with Table. 1 on the line "Harmful substances of hazard classes 1 - 4".
5.1.8. Chemical substances that have an OBUL standard (according to GN 2.2.5.1314-03 “Approximate safe exposure levels (OSUV) to harmful substances in the air of the working area”) are assessed according to Table. 1 on the line "Harmful substances of hazard classes 1 - 4".
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