Chilikin Nikolay Ilyich. Department of Education Adm. Rasskazovo (resource center)

1921
Vasily Ivanovich Renov
participant in the partisan struggle in Ukraine, commander of a partisan company. Born in the village of Skuchikha, now the Knyaginsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1944. Graduated high school. He worked at a factory in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Gorky region. In 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. When the Great Patriotic War began, he took part in the battles against the Nazi invaders. In the Boryspil area, he was surrounded. In the spring of 1942, he escaped from a POW camp. In May 1942, he joined the partisan detachments under the command of A.N. Saburov. In October 1942, he was appointed platoon commander. In the spring of 1943, the headquarters of the formation of A.N. Saburov handed over a large partisan detachment to the Kamyanets-Podilsky underground regional party committee, in which V.I. Renov was appointed commander of a partisan company. Explosives from the company of V.I. Renov conducted reconnaissance in the area of ​​​​Novograd-Volynsky, blew up enemy echelons, bridges and other structures. During the period of combat activity of sabotage and reconnaissance groups under the command of V.I. Renov, 54 echelons with enemy manpower and equipment were derailed. Personally, V.I. Renov derailed 8 enemy echelons. A lot of equipment and ammunition was destroyed, more than 800 Nazis were killed and wounded. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 2, 1945, Vasily Ivanovich Renov was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 7535). After the end of the Great Patriotic War, V.I. Renov worked in economic work. Lived in the city of Zhytomyr (Ukraine). Died August 28, 1996. He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Red Star, and medals.

1921
Petr Grigorievich Shevchenko
flight commander of the 566th Assault Solnechnogorsk Aviation Regiment (277th Assault Krasnoselskaya Red Banner Aviation Division, 13th Air Army, Leningrad Front), Lieutenant. Born in the village of Smolyaninovo, now Novoaydarsky district, Lugansk region (Ukraine) in peasant family. Ukrainian. Graduated from Lisichansk Mining College, flying club. He was drafted into the army in April 1941. He graduated from the Borisoglebsk (according to other sources, Voroshilovgrad) military aviation school for pilots. During the Great Patriotic War in the army since July 1943. Pilot-attack aircraft P.G. Shevchenko fought on the Il-2 aircraft as part of the 566th assault aviation regiment on the Western, Bryansk, Leningrad, 3rd Belorussian fronts. He took part in July-August 1943 on the Western Front as part of the 1st Air Army, and then on the Bryansk Front as part of the 15th Air Army in the Oryol offensive operation - the final stage of the Battle of Kursk. In September 1943, on the Bryansk Front, as part of the 15th Air Army, he participated in the Bryansk offensive operation. From January 14 to January 30, 1944, P.G. Shevchenko, as part of the 13th Air Army, participated on the Leningrad Front in the Krasnoselsko-Ropshinskaya, and from February 1 to March 1 - in the Kingisepp-Gdovskaya offensive operations - stages of the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic operation on complete lifting of the blockade of Leningrad. From June 10 to June 20, 1044, on the Leningrad Front, as part of the 13th Air Army, he participated in the Vyborg offensive operation, supporting ground troops that delivered the main blow on the Karelian Isthmus when breaking through the powerful enemy defenses and liberating the city of Vyborg. In July 1944, P.G. Shevchenko, as part of the 13th Air Army on the Leningrad Front, participated in the Narva, in September - in the Tallinn offensive operations. In October 1944, the 277th Assault Aviation Division was transferred to the 1st Air Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front. On October 16, 1944, the plane piloted by P.G. Shevchenko was shot down near the village of Pochernevo, 20 km from the city of Kybartai (Lithuania). The crew died. By June 17, 1944, P.G. Shevchenko, from August 4, 1943 to June 17, 1944, made 100 sorties, conducted 18 air battles with enemy fighters, the attacks of which he successfully repulsed and brought the group to his airfield without loss. He personally destroyed and damaged: tanks - 9, vehicles - 33, armored vehicles - 2, motorcycles - 7, tractors - 1, steam locomotives - 2, railway platforms with cargo - 3, wagons with cargo - 31, tanks with fuel - 3, mortars – 4, field artillery pieces- 9, radio stations - 1. aircraft at the airfield - 2, shot down in battle - 1, dispersed and destroyed to a company of enemy soldiers and officers. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 23, 1945, for the courage and heroism shown in delivering assault strikes on the enemy, Lieutenant Pyotr Grigoryevich Shevchenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). In the village of Smolyaninovo, a bust of the Hero was erected, a secondary school and a street were named after him. A memorial plaque was installed on the building of school No. 23 in the city of Lisichansk. A memorial plaque with the names of the Heroes of the Soviet Union G.A. Batyrshina, P.G. Shevchenko and F.T. Timonov, who studied at the technical school, was installed on the building of the Lisichansky Mining College. He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (February 23, 1945), the Red Banner (April 5, 1944), the Patriotic War 1st degree (June 1944), the Red Star (August 30, 1943), the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" (January 15, 1944).

1922
Maria Louise Bemberg
Argentine director and screenwriter.

1922
Vladimir Filippovich Volkovsky
commander of the tank-landing company of the motorized battalion of submachine gunners of the 66th Guards Tank Brigade of the 12th Guards Tank Corps of the 2nd Guards Tank Army of the 1st Belorussian Front, Guard Lieutenant. Born in the village of Nikolaevka, Pervomaisky district, Kharkov region, in a peasant family. Ukrainian. Member of the CPSU since 1944. In 1941 he graduated from the Dnepropetrovsk Industrial College. Worked as a rental technician. In 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1942 he graduated from the Astrakhan Infantry School. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since 1942. Fought on the 1st Belorussian Front. The commander of the tank-landing company of the motorized battalion of submachine gunners of the guard, Lieutenant V.F. Volkovsky, distinguished himself in January 1945. The tank-landing company under his command led a swift offensive, passing up to 50-90 kilometers in a day. From January 15 to January 30, 1945, the company fought about 600 kilometers. On January 21, 1945, in stubborn street battles for the Polish city of Inowroclaw, V.F. Volkovsky showed personal courage and heroism. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 24, 1945, for the skillful command of a tank-landing company and the courage and heroism of the guards shown, Lieutenant Vladimir Filippovich Volkovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 5743). In 1951 he graduated from the Higher Officer School air defense, and in 1959 - the Military Artillery Command Academy. Until 1971, Lieutenant Colonel V.F. Volkovsky was the head of the course of the command faculty of the Kyiv Higher Military School. Lived in Kyiv. Died October 24, 1971. He was buried in Kyiv at the Baikove cemetery. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals.

1922
Boris Savelyevich Levin
flight commander of the 7th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 230th Assault Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard Lieutenant. Born in the city of Roslavl, now the Smolensk region, in the family of an employee. Jew. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1944. He graduated from 10 classes and an aero club in Moscow (since 1965 - a hero city). In the Red Army since 1940. In 1942 he graduated from the Balashov Military Aviation Pilot School. Member of the Great Patriotic War since July 1942. He received his baptism of fire in battles in the North Caucasus. Then he participated in the liberation of the Taman Peninsula, Crimea. On March 14, 1943, Lieutenant Boris Levin, acting as part of a group of Il-2 attack aircraft, attacked the Nazi crossing through the Kuban. The target was covered by four anti-aircraft batteries. Their fire made it impossible to carry out targeted bombing. Then Boris Levin decided to strike his first blow at anti-aircraft points. With fire from cannons and machine guns, he dispersed the servants of the guns and gave the command to turn the planes to the crossing. But eight Messerschmitts suddenly attacked the attack aircraft. Our pilots built the machines in a circle so that each of them could protect the tail of a neighboring aircraft with their own fire, and began to dive at the target. All attempts by the Nazi vultures to disrupt the order of battle of Soviet vehicles were unsuccessful. Accurately dropped bombs destroyed the crossing. On September 8, 1943, the troops of the North Caucasian Front launched a decisive offensive on the Taman Peninsula, an important enemy foothold in the lower reaches of the Kuban, which threatened the southern flank of our armies. These days, the guards pilots made several sorties a day and, by their actions, provided significant assistance to the ground forces. By September 9, the invaders were driven back to the southern tip of the Chushka Spit, from where they tried to organize a crossing through the Kerch Strait to the Crimea. The link of Lieutenant Levin's guard received the task of disrupting the crossing and destroying the enemy's manpower and equipment. Gaining a high altitude in front of the target, Levin led the attack aircraft with a decrease in attack. The cars were moving at high speed, and enemy anti-aircraft shells were bursting behind the planes. So without giving the Nazis a chance to shoot, the pilots made three passes over the target and went home at low level flight. Photocontrol data showed that the enemy lost several dozen soldiers and officers and a large amount of military equipment. A few days later, Boris Levin led his link to attack the enemy convoy on the Temryuk-Akhtanizovskaya road. There were no Nazis in the given area. Then Boris Levin made a bold decision: without fighter cover, go behind enemy lines, to railway , along which echelons with retreating fascist troops were moving. At the Starotitarovskaya station, the pilots found two echelons, but it was not easy to get through to them. Anti-aircraft batteries created a dense wall of fire. Guards Lieutenant Levin quickly assessed the situation and ordered two aircraft to attack the positions of anti-aircraft gunners, while he himself broke through to the echelons with a wingman. Three times they swept over the very roofs of the wagons, spraying them with cannon and machine-gun fire, hitting them with bombs and rockets. A few minutes later the entire station was engulfed in flames. After the expulsion of the Nazis from the Kuban, Guard Lieutenant Boris Levin smashed the invaders in the Crimea. On January 16, 1944, his link supported the landing on the Kerch Peninsula. Despite bad weather, low clouds and a snowstorm, he accurately brought his planes to the target and destroyed enemy firing points and batteries from a strafing flight for 20 minutes. Thanks to the successful actions of the pilots, the paratroopers threw the enemy back from the shore and entrenched themselves in the bridgehead. On May 9, 1944, he led the Ilyushins to the Sevastopol region to destroy transports on which the Nazis sought to get out of the Crimea. Despite the hurricane fire of several dozen anti-aircraft batteries, the pilots entered from the sea and brought down the bomb load on the berths. A large self-propelled barge with enemy soldiers was sunk by a direct hit of the bombs, and the entire group returned to its airfield without loss. On the same day, the invaders were expelled from Sevastopol, and the Guards Aviation Regiment, in which Boris Levin served, soon flew to the 2nd Belorussian Front. The commander of the 7th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (230th Assault Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front), candidate member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Lieutenant Boris Levin, by July 1944, made 106 sorties and personally destroyed 4 Nazi aircraft, 15 tanks, 7 railway echelons, 27 guns, 50 vehicles and hundreds of enemy soldiers and officers. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Guards Lieutenant Boris Savelyevich Levin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal. Star" (No. 5260). After the liberation of Crimea, Boris Levin participated in the Belarusian, East Prussian and East Pomeranian operations. He ended the war near the city of Torun as a captain, as a squadron commander. In total, during the war years, the brave attack pilot completed 170 successful sorties. After the war, he continued to serve in the USSR Air Force. In 1949 he graduated from the Air Force Academy, now named after Yu.A. Gagarin. Then he was appointed to the post of deputy commander of an assault aviation regiment in the city of Jelgava. In 1957 he graduated from the courses at the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. He worked as a senior lecturer in Air Force tactics at the same academy. He defended his thesis on the topic: "On the use of side-scan radars for conducting aerial reconnaissance." Since 1985, B.S. Levin has been retired. Lived in the hero city of Moscow. Died December 8, 2006. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow (plot 2). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, three Orders of the Red Star, and medals. The Roslavl Secondary School No. 7 was named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Boris Savelyevich Levin (the decision of the Smolensk Regional Duma in August 2000).

1922
Dmitry Fedorovich Loza
commander of a tank battalion of the 46th Guards Tank Brigade of the 9th Guards Mechanized Corps of the 6th Guards Tank Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, guard captain. Born in the village of Kolesnikovka, now Shevchenkovsky district, Kharkov region (Ukraine) in a peasant family. Ukrainian. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1945. Secondary education. In the Red Army since 1940. He graduated from the Saratov Tank School in 1942. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since August 1943. On March 23, 1945, a tank battalion under the command of the guards of Captain Loza D.F., acting at the forefront of the brigade, at the Haymashker station, on the way to the Hungarian city of Veszprem, north of Lake Balaton, captured a railway echelon with ammunition, two fuel depots, an artillery workshop and it has 14 serviceable guns, four "panthers" standing on railway platforms. In an oncoming battle against an enemy tank column, the battalion knocked out and burned 29 enemy tanks and self-propelled guns, captured 20, destroyed 10 vehicles, exterminated about 250 enemy soldiers and officers. Having overcome 100 kilometers, a number of barricades and resistance centers, on April 9, 1945, the battalion broke through to the center of the capital of Austria - the city of Vienna. He kept him for a day until the approach of the main forces of the brigade. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 15, 1946, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Guard Captain Loza Dmitry Fedorovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal. Star" (No. 9080). Member of the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945. In 1950 he graduated from the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, in 1956 - postgraduate studies at the academy. He worked as a senior lecturer of this academy. Since 1967, Colonel Loza D.F. - in the reserve, and then retired. Lived in the hero city of Moscow. He worked as a senior researcher at the Research Institute, candidate of military sciences, associate professor. Laureate of the M.V. Frunze Prize. Passed away May 22, 2001. He was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow. He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (May 15, 1946), the Red Banner (September 30, 1945), Alexander Nevsky (February 23, 1945), the Patriotic War 1st (April 6, 1985) and 2nd (September 13, 1943) degrees, 2 Orders of the Red Star (April 22, 1944; December 30, 1956), medals. Compositions: March and oncoming battle. Moscow, 1968; Despising death. Moscow, 1970.

1922
Elena Dmitrievna Sanko
a brilliant character actress, played small roles in the films "Polyushko-field", "I have an idea!", "4:0 in favor of Tanechka". Mother of actresses Yola Sanko and Natalia Sanko. Elena Sanko at the age of 20 volunteered for the front, served in the artillery, was a foreman. In the midst of the war, the division commander proposed to her, and on the night of January 1, 1943, they decided to get married. The couple decided to name their first daughter (and there were three in total) in honor of their first Christmas tree- Yolkoy. In the passport they wrote down - "Yola". Since then, the family celebrated every new year as the main holiday of their lives: they tried to set the same “military” products on the table and install a luxurious Christmas tree under the ceiling. Due to the fact that Elena Dmitrievna's husband was a military man, the family often moved. She graduated from the theater studio in Tbilisi, received several offers from the Griboyedov Theater, but was forced to refuse - her husband was transferred to a new place. Sanko played in Moscow at the Theater of the Soviet Army, then in Poland, in the Group of Northern Forces, in Germany - in the Group of Western Forces, she staged performances herself. Again - TsTSA, from where Elena Sanko was eventually reduced among a whole group of actresses. She began to act in films more and engage with boys and girls who dream of a theatrical career. Elena Dmitrievna unmistakably guessed talent and completely free of charge helped young people prepare for entering the institute. Often starred in educational and diploma works of VGIK students. Among the films: "Polyushko-field" (Lukerya Kovrova), "Oleko Dundich" (Nadezhda Ivanovna), "Khovanshchina" (shooter's wife), "It happened in the police" (typist), "The Tale of the Chekist" (Becker), " What does a person need” (Lida), “The Bride” (Aunt Tonya), “The Zatsepin Family” (Yurka’s mother), “I want to be a minister” (Anna Efimovna), “Youth is with us” (Liliya Borisovna), “Obsessed” (mother leads). Elena Sanko was so organic and natural on the screen that her work was jokingly compared to the existence of children or animals in the frame. She felt any character and skillfully transferred it to the screen. In 1948 she graduated from the theater studio at the Griboyedov Theater in Tbilisi. In 1954-59 she was an actress of the TsTSA. She worked in drama theaters in Germany and Poland. Since 1964 - actress TsTSA. She passed away on December 31, 1984.

1922
David Alexandrovich Toradze
Georgian composer, teacher, people's artist Georgian SSR(1961). Born in Tiflis. A student of S.V. Barkhudaryan, R.M. Glier. Operas ("The Bride of the North", 1958, etc.), ballets (among them the television film-ballet "Mtsyri", 1976), operettas, 2 symphonies, "Georgian folk tunes" (7 poems for choir and instruments, 1972). Since 1954 - teacher at the Tbilisi Conservatory, professor (1973). Stalin Prize of the USSR (1951). Died in Tbilisi on November 8, 1983.

1922
Ali Akbar Khan
Indian sarod player and composer

1923
Lydia Vladimirovna Vertinskaya
Russian actress. She was born in China, in the city of Harbin. Father - Vladimir Konstantinovich Tsirgvava - worked in the management of the CER, mother - Lydia Pavlovna Tsirgvava - was a housewife. In 1933, after the death of Vladimir Konstantinovich, the family moved to the city of Harbin to live with relatives. In the spring of 1942, at the age of 18, Lidia Vladimirovna married the famous chansonnier Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky, and in the late autumn of 1943, the Vertinsky family returned to their homeland, to Russia. She dedicated her entire life to her husband and family. Daughter Marianna recalls: "... they saw their love, yes. Father, leaving, wrote letters to his mother every day - every single day! She idolized him, he, in fact, made her a personality, an outstanding woman. After all, she married him in 18 years old! He sculpted and raised her like Pygmalion Galatea. Married, widowed at 34, my mother no longer went out, although there were proposals - and very good ones. But who, tell me, could she compare with Alexander Nikolayevich? Now she writes memoirs about sixteen years of a happy marriage. Mom has a wonderful memory that has not faded with age, she recalls incredible cases and many people she met. The book will contain a lot of photographs and documents that mother kept, shedding light on the personality of Alexander Nikolayevich and his work. She read to me written, it is insanely interesting, but there is still a lot of work, as she assures." In 1955 she graduated from the Art Institute named after V. Surikov. Lidia Vertinskaya made her film debut in the role of the fabulous bird Phoenix in the film "Sadko". Her seemingly unearthly, mysterious, subtly "carved" appearance attracted the directors of fairy-tale films in the future. In The New Adventures of Puss in Boots, she was a charming witch, and in The Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors, she was an evil court lady. The noble origin of Lydia Vertinskaya allowed her to brilliantly play the role of the Duchess in Don Quixote. The daughters of Lydia Vladimirovna are famous actresses Marianna and Anastasia Vertinsky.

1923
Sergey Vartanovich Grigoryan
commander of the sanitary platoon of the 19th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 10th Guards Airborne Division of the 37th Army of the Steppe Front, Guard Lieutenant of the Medical Service. Born in the city of Vladikavkaz, now the capital North Ossetia, in the employee's family. Armenian. Soon after the birth of their son, the whole family moved to the village of Tatri-Tskaro (Georgia). Here, in 1940, the young man graduated from high school and entered the Tbilisi Pedagogical Institute named after A.S. Pushkin, but the Great Patriotic War, which began on June 22, 1941, did not allow Sergey Grigoryan’s dream to become a teacher to come true ... In the Red Army since 1941. In 1942 he graduated from the Kharkov Military Medical School. At the front since February 1943. Fought on the North-Western and Steppe fronts. The commander of the sanitary platoon of the 19th Guards Airborne Regiment (10th Guards Airborne Division, 37th Army, Stepnoy Front), candidate member of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Lieutenant of the Medical Service Sergei Grigoryan skillfully organized the actions of the platoon entrusted to him in battles October 1-4, 1943 on the bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper River. Under the leadership of a brave medical officer, two hundred and fifty seriously wounded were carried from the battlefield. Personally, Lieutenant of the Medical Service Grigoryan S.V. carried out forty wounded with weapons. On October 4, 1943, in the battle for the village of Annovka, Verkhnedneprovsky district, Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine, the fearless commander of the sanitary platoon saved the life of the battalion commander by covering him with himself, but he himself was mortally wounded ... He was buried in the village of Dneprovokamenka, Verkhnedneprovsky district, Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 20, 1943, for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism of the guards shown, the lieutenant of the medical service Grigoryan Sergey Vartanovich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Red Star, and a medal. A monument was erected on the grave of the Hero. In 1960, the monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union S.V. Grigoryan was solemnly opened in the Georgian village of Tatri-Tskaro.

1923
Vitaly Andreevich Ivanov
flight commander of the 4th Guards Short Bomber Aviation Regiment (188th Bomber Aviation Division, 15th Air Army, 2nd Baltic Front), Senior Lieutenant of the Guard. Born in Vladimir in the family of an employee. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1943. He graduated from secondary school in Novosibirsk in 1940. In the Soviet Army since 1940. He graduated from the Perm military aviation school of pilots in 1941, was an instructor pilot at the Maikop military aviation school. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since May 1942. By April 1945, Ivanov made 232 sorties for reconnaissance and bombardment of enemy manpower and equipment, airborne landings behind enemy lines, and participated in 10 air battles. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on August 18, 1945. In 1953 he graduated from the N.E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Was on teaching, then research work. Since 1957, Lieutenant Colonel Ivanov has been in reserve. Lives and works in Moscow as a senior engineer at the State Research Institute of Radio. Awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd class, Order of the Red Star, medals.

1923
Georgy Nikolaevich Malinovsky
Head of the Main Operations Department missile weapons- Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Rocket Forces strategic purpose , member of the military council, colonel general. Born in the city of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). Russian. After graduating from the 10th grade of the 7th special artillery school in Leningrad, he voluntarily began service in the Armed Forces. Since September 1940, a cadet of the Leningrad Artillery and Technical School of Anti-Aircraft Artillery. Member of the Great Patriotic War. In July-August 1941 platoon commander of the 59th reserve anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the Leningrad Front in the Pskov direction. Since August 1941, the platoon commander of a battery of cadets in the same school, evacuated to the city of Tomsk. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1943. In 1952 he graduated from the F.E. Dzerzhinsky Military Academy. From February 1952 he served as a teacher at the Higher Officer Artillery-Technical School. From October 1955 he was deputy commander of a separate division for special weapons. Since July 1957, deputy commander of a missile brigade for special weapons. Since December 1960, deputy head of the Kharkov Higher Aviation Engineering Military School for special technical training. Since August 1965 the commander of the missile division. Since January 1969, Deputy Head of the Main Directorate for the Operation of Missile Weapons. Since September 1973, head of department, deputy commander-in-chief of the Strategic Missile Forces and member of the military council. For fifteen years, Malinovsky led the Main Directorate for the Operation of Missile Weapons in the Strategic Missile Forces. He was directly involved in the testing, adoption, commissioning of missile systems. It was he who headed the State Commission for Testing the Combat Railway Complex (BZHRK), which has no analogues in the world. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 15, 1979, for great services in strengthening the country's defense capability and mastering new equipment, Lieutenant General Georgy Nikolayevich Malinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal. At the end of the 1980s, he could not stand, as he himself put it, "the shooting of rocket power in the 80s, the applause of American inspectors at the liquidation launches of Pioneer missiles in Transbaikalia." As chief engineer of the Strategic Missile Forces, he was pleased with the high reliability of the missiles, but could not participate in the further elimination of strategic power and wrote a resignation letter. Since January 1989, Colonel-General G.N. Malinovsky retired. Lived in the city of Moscow. He was vice-president of the joint-stock union for conversion activities "Askond". Wrote a book of memoirs "Notes of a Rocketeer". Died September 14, 2001. He was buried in Moscow at the Troekurovsky cemetery (plot 4). Doctor of Technical Sciences (1983). Awarded with orders and medals.

1923
Ilbar Yusupovich Tuimetov
Russian actor, since 1959 artist of the Vladimir Regional Drama Theater named after A.V. Lunacharsky, People's Artist of the USSR. Knight of the Order of Friendship (2000). Passed away in 2000.

1924
Shorty Rogers
American trumpeter, flugelhorn player, arranger and composer. One of the foremost representatives of West Coast jazz. He studied at the High School of Music and the Arts in New York and at the Los Angeles Conservatory. In 1942-1943. debuted in the big bands of Will Bradley and Red Norvo, played in the orchestras of Woody Herman (1945-1949), Stan Kenton (1950-1953) and at the same time composed and arranged for small ensembles, in which he attracted soloists such as Art Pepper , Maynard Ferguson, Jimmy Giuffre, Hampton Havees. In the 60-70s. wrote music for cinema (the sound track for the film "The Man with the Golden Arm") and television, almost never played the trumpet. In the 80s. again attracted attention by organizing the National Youth Orchestra (“National Youth Orchestra”), and in the early 90s. Gathered the group "Lighthouse All Stars" with his old friends - Bud Shenk, Bill Perkins, Bob Cooper.

1924
Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin
Gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment of the 4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of the 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front, Senior Sergeant of the Guard. Born in the city of Rasskazovo, Tambov Region, in a working-class family. Russian. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked at a local sheepskin coat factory. In the Red Army since April 1942. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since November 1942. The gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69th Army, 1st Belorussian Front) Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin on July 18, 1944 in the battle for the settlement of Pshevaly, located 12 kilometers northwest of the city of Tuzhisk, now Turiysk, Volyn region of Ukraine, despite strong opposition from the enemy, together with the calculation of direct fire, suppressed the fire of four bunkers, two machine guns, a 75-mm cannon, knocked out a tractor. For courage and bravery shown in battle, on July 30, 1944, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd degree (No. 90228). On January 14, 1945, when breaking through the enemy defenses near the village of Piskaruw, located 10 kilometers southwest of the Polish city of Pulawy, the gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69 1st Army, 1st Belorussian Front) of the Guard, Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin, with well-aimed fire from a gun, destroyed three mortars, two machine-gun points, two anti-tank guns and up to a dozen Nazis, ensuring the successful advance of rifle units. For courage and bravery shown in battles, on March 4, 1945, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 2nd degree (No. 14800). In the period from April 26 to April 30, 1945, in the battles for the capital of Nazi Germany, the city of Berlin, the gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69th Army, 1st Belorussian Front) Guard Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin supported the attacks of a rifle company with fire from his gun, disabled two machine guns, two mortars, an anti-aircraft gun and a large number of enemy soldiers. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 15, 1946, for exemplary performance of command assignments in battles with the Nazi invaders, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 1st degree (No. 1238), becoming a full holder of the Order of Glory. In 1945, N.I. Chilikin was demobilized. He returned to his homeland. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1951. He worked at a knitting factory as an electrician. He died on December 26, 1988. He was buried in the town of Rasskazovo, Tambov Region. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of Glory 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree, medals.

1925
Rodney Stephen Steiger
American actor, Oscar winner in 1967. Born in Westhampton, New York. His parents, Frederic and Laurent Steiger, performed with a song and dance number in a traveling show. They divorced when their son was about a year old. Participated in World War II as a first class torpedo pilot and took part in the most dangerous combat operations of the US Third and Fifth Fleets, including the Iwo Jima and Okinawa campaigns. The day after Japan's surrender, Steiger left naval service with a medical report of an acute skin condition. After the war, at the age of 22, he decides to connect his fate with the world of art. He enters the theater amateur troupe. He played King Menelaus in the play "Helen's Husband" and the role of the villain in the play called "Damn Jack Dalton." Debuts as an actor in the theater went unnoticed, but they suggested to the novice artist that for true success, in addition to abilities, good professional training is also needed. Steiger moved to New York, where he studied acting for two years, first at the New School for Social Research, then Daniel Mann invited him to the famous New York Actors Studio, which was led by Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg. In April 1951, Rod Steiger made his Broadway debut in a revival of Clifford Odets' play Night Music. He played a fifty-five-year-old detective and was highly praised by New York critics. The following year, he appears on stage in Hugh Hastings' comedy Seagulls Over Sorrento and in Ibsen's Enemy of the People. But the main field of his acting activity in these years is on television. Not yet given the Hollywood role of "emotional villain", Steiger demonstrates the breadth of his range - from Romeo to Rasputin. For five years, from 1948 to 1953, he played over 250 roles. In 1951, he made his film debut in Fred Zinnemann's Teresa. Already the next role of Steiger in the cinema made critics talk about him as a phenomenon. For participation along with Marlon Brando in Elia Kazan's "On the Waterfront" (1954), Steiger was nominated for an Oscar as Best Supporting Actor. But "Oscar" will bypass him for a long time. In the film, Steiger played the gangster Charlie, who was given the task of "sewing on" his brother (Marlon Brando) because he wants to betray the gang. After the success of the film, Rod's fate was sealed. He turns into a new star in negative roles, and in this image he begins to roam from film to film. The actor's desire to "humanize" his characters, the desire to show them not as one-sided primitive scoundrels, led to the fact that often it was his negative characters that aroused more sympathy in the audience than the faceless positive characters opposing them. Steiger's role as a cinematic villain in the 1950s naturally led to Richard Wilson's choice of him for the title role in Al Capone (1959). In addition, Wilson found a purely external resemblance between the actor and the famous gangster. The film was a huge success. However, while Al Capone further cemented Steiger's success as an actor, he himself was not happy with his career. Moreover, it was the fear of finally “mired” in the roles of villains that prompted Rod to a desperate decision: to convince the directors to try him in a different role, to prove to himself and the audience that his creative range is wider than the proposed roles. In Hollywood, Steiger failed to break the stereotype, and then he decides to take a step that many considered "madness": at the zenith of fame, he leaves America and goes to Europe, intending to start his biography as if from a new page. From 1959 to 1969, Steiger was married to British actress Claire Bloom, who bore him a daughter, Anna Steiger, who became an opera singer. In the early 1960s, Steiger worked in Italy. He starred in the films "Hands over the City" (directed by F. Rosi, 1963), "Indifferent" (directed by F. Maselli, 1964), etc. In 1965, Steiger was invited to act by the English director Tony Richardson in the film adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's satirical story "Unforgettable" . The next year, 1966, the actor spent in Spain, and then starred with the Italian director Pasquale Festa Campanile, in the tragicomedy about the times of the First World War, The Girl and the General. For four years of work outside of Hollywood, Steiger completely freed himself from the role imposed on him, and when again received an invitation to return to America, now he himself was able to dictate terms. The actor had to leave in order for his homeland to recognize him as one of the most talented and gifted people. Having shown himself to be a brilliant master of reincarnation and proving that he is an actor without a role, or rather, "an actor for any role", Steiger is nevertheless quite constant in his affections. He liked to portray people who found themselves in critical situations, when the maximum concentration of forces is required, and life itself forces the hero to choose a certain position. Such is the policeman Gillespie (the role for which the actor received an Oscar) - the hero of the film "Stuffy Night" (directed by N. Jewison, 1967); such are Napoleon Bonaparte (Waterloo, directed by S. Bondarchuk, 1970), Benito Mussolini (Benito Mussolini: The Last Act, directed by K. Lizani, 1974); Pontius Pilate ("Jesus of Nazareth" F. Dzefrirelli, 1977), General Webster ("Steiner - Iron Cross", director E. McLaglen, 1979) and many, many other of his characters. Rod Steiger died in Los Angeles of pneumonia and complications from gallbladder surgery on July 9, 2002.

1926
Jan Megor
Danish composer and musicologist

1927
Inna Ivanovna Vetkina
actress. Was born in Moscow. In 1946 she entered VGIK at the directing department in the workshop of Igor Andreevich Savchenko. In 1951 she entered the Gorky Literary Institute, after which she worked as a literary secretary for the writer Vitaly Bianchi. In 1959, she came to Central Television, headed the department of satire and humor of the Literary and Drama Editorial Board, and was one of the creators of the legendary Zucchini 13 Chairs.

1927
Mikhail Petrovich Gromov
Russian literary critic, specialist in the work of A.P. Chekhov. Born in the old Zadonsk village of Mechetinskaya ( Rostov region ) in the family of an engineer. In 1937 he lost his father, who was shot during the Stalinist repressions, his mother was also arrested (released in 1939). In 1942-1945 he lived in evacuation near Sverdlovsk, studied at an evening school and worked at a factory as a fitter. In 1946-1951 he studied at the Rostov-on-Don University (now Rostov State University) at the Faculty of Philology. After completing his postgraduate studies at the Rostov Pedagogical Institute (1951–1954, supervisor V.A. Zakrutkin), in 1954 he defended his Ph.D. In 1954–1964 he taught Russian and foreign literature at the Novocherkassk and Taganrog Pedagogical Institutes. In 1964 he moved to Moscow, where he worked (hourly) at the philological faculty of Moscow University and at the editorial faculty of the Polygraphic Institute (in 1967 he was hired as an assistant professor). In 1977, he left the Polygraphic Institute, continuing to teach general courses in Russian literature in the first third of the 19th century freelance at Moscow State University. and conduct a special course and a special seminar on A.P. Chekhov. Gromov's lectures, masterpieces sui generis, were held in crowded classrooms (in addition to students, they were attended by many specialists in philology), but he was not admitted to the staff of Moscow State University at the Department of Russian Literature in 1977 (at a meeting of the party committee, the then dean of the philological faculty I.F. Volkov stated that Gromov is the son of an enemy of the people and the purpose of his life is to avenge his father). In 1987 he completed his teaching career at Moscow State University. The multi-talented M.P. Gromov early felt his literary vocation. In 1948, while studying in his third year at the university, he wrote a letter to Boris Pasternak, attaching his poetic experiments. Unexpectedly for him, the poet responded. Three letters from Pasternak to Gromov (1948, 1949, 1957, published in 1992 in Literaturnaya Gazeta) helped the student find his way in literature and life. As a literary critic, Gromov began with research on the work of Leo Tolstoy. His article The First Novel of Leo Tolstoy (On the History of Design) (1956) was highly appreciated by Tolstoy scholars. But the main theme of literary works, the theme of his whole life, was his fellow countryman, a native of Taganrog Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In the year of Chekhov's centenary (1960), Gromov made a report on the genre of the play "The Cherry Orchard" at the anniversary Chekhov readings in Taganrog. Already in the 1960s, Gromov proposed new approaches to Chekhov studies, destroying the common idea of ​​Chekhov as the author of humoresques, gradually evolving towards "serious" literature, and showing that already in the first play Fatherlessness, the future world of Chekhov's creativity was revealed - heroes, themes , storylines. At the same time, Gromov took an active part in the preparation of the academic Complete Works of Chekhov (compilation of comments, painstaking work on dates). In the article Chekhov's Narrative as an Artistic System (1974), the researcher shows that the analytical approach to the study of Chekhov has largely exhausted itself. Approaching the writer's work systematically, he found that the writer's narrative heritage - more than 500 short stories and short stories - "close together as elements of a complex artistic construction: a common theme, a" general idea "is outside each of them individually and is manifested in a whole multitude of their". This allowed Gromov to reveal the "image of the city" - "an aesthetic, and not a topographical reality, a psychological space outlined by several highly accentuated details and reflected in the consciousness, mental warehouse, and inner world of the characters." The researcher compiled a catalog of the inhabitants of this "city" waiting for his publisher, and it turned out that in Chekhov's narrative prose, more than eight thousand characters of all classes, conditions and ages are described or mentioned. The study of the connections between them makes it possible to identify the "features of the structural unity" of Chekhov's narrative. In his books summarizing the results of investigations and reflections on Chekhov's texts, Gromov was one of the first to raise the problem of the relationship between scientific and artistic principles in Chekhov's worldview, spoke about the traditions of Gogol and Dostoevsky in his work. Gromov devoted a holistic concept of Chekhov's creativity to the Book of Chekhov (1989), which, according to the author, had matured for twenty-five years. After the death of the literary critic, his books continue to be published: in the series “Life wonderful people” is a work by Chekhov (1993), containing, in particular, an excellent analysis of The Cherry Orchard, one of Chekhov's most difficult plays to understand. In 1995, in the Literary Monuments series, the story prepared by Gromov, The Steppe, was published: his article about the story bears a special imprint of personal involvement in what Chekhov describes (Gromov, a native of those places, himself drove along the wagon train route with Yegorushka). In 1996, the three-volume Correspondence of A.P. Chekhov was published, the introductory article and comments on the first volume belong to Gromov. Many editions of Chekhov's legacy are scattered with his prefaces and commentaries. The skill of a literary critic, Gromov's gift for writing manifested itself in the work on the book by Yuri Olesha Not a day without a line (1965), collected from a pile of notes and unfinished fragments left after Olesha. V. B. Shklovsky highly appreciated the work of Gromov, who managed to “catch the idea of ​​the book, understand the sequence of parts and the internal connection of images.” Gromov also approached his hobbies with all the exactingness of a master. His works as a photographer were published in magazines in Poland, Bulgaria, Sweden, USA; in the 1960s and 1970s, he was a member of the editorial board of the Soviet Photo magazine. The furniture that came off his workbench would have done credit to an experienced cabinetmaker. He died in Moscow on August 22, 1990.

1927
Victor J. Kemper
American cinematographer.

1927
Alan Graham MacDiarmid
Nobel laureate in chemistry in 2000 (together with A. Heeger and H. Shirakawa). Born in Masterston (New Zealand). His parents, Archibald and Ruby McDiarmid raised him. Much in the family structure of this poor family bore traditional features - mutual assistance, numerous family ties. There was no telephone or refrigerator in the house, but many guests and neighbors sat at the common table. He began to study with other young fellow tribesmen in a two-room school in the village of Keri-Keri with its 600 inhabitants. He then attended Hutt Valley High School in Wellington. His father retired when Alan was 16 and had to drop out of school. He had to earn his own bread, and he became an errand boy in the Department of Chemistry at University College Victoria. Then he managed to listen to two lecture courses - in chemistry and in mathematics. He began to live in a student dormitory on a semi-student rights, however, in the end, he received a diploma and became a lecture demonstrator. Chemistry attracted him at the age of 10, when he found an old textbook in which he did not understand anything, and turned to a library book on chemistry for schoolchildren. I gained further experience by performing lecture demonstrations. Those color effects that he observed at the same time became, in his opinion, the key point in choosing a profession. Then came the time for the first research, which resulted in his first article (1949). In 1950, McDiarmid was granted a Fullbright Scholarship to complete a dissertation at the University of Wisconsin (USA). Under the guidance of Norris Hall, he studied the rate of ligand exchange in cyanide complexes. After that, he again received a scholarship - now for a post-dissertation fellowship dedicated to the study of silanes at (Cambridge University). This was followed by a position at the Queen's College at the University of St. Andrew in Scotland, and, finally, he became a teacher, and then a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania (USA). At the University of Pennsylvania, McDiarmid and his university colleague A. Heeger were engaged in the creation of non-metallic conductors of electric current on an inorganic basis. In 1975 Heeger informed MacDiarmid of a recent paper by Mort Labes in which he described a highly conductive polymeric material of the general formula (SN)x. It turned out that back in the 1950s, McDiarmid synthesized S4N4 compounds. At the request of Heeger, MacDiarmid synthesized compounds of the formula (SN)x, and they systematically investigated their properties. During McDiarmid's visit to Kyoto University, where H. Shirakawa, who worked on the polymerization of acetylene, worked, they exchanged their samples of polyacetylene (CH)x and (SN)x. It was during this visit that Shirakawa's trainee made a mistake that led to the production of silver polyacetylene. As a result of synthesis, polyacetylene accumulates in the reaction flask as an unremarkable black powder. One day, a trainee accidentally added a thousand times the usual amount of catalyst (in grams instead of milligrams). To the surprise of the experimenters, a beautiful silver film formed on the surface of the liquid. The obvious question immediately arose: “If the resulting plastic looks like metal in its brilliance, can it also conduct electricity?”. McDiarmid and Shirakawa decided to join forces. Shirakawa came to the University of Pennsylvania for a year, where Heeger joined them. Already in the first experiments, they were able to slightly increase the electrical conductivity of polyacetylene. The method of increasing the electrical conductivity of the polymer by a factor of 10,000,000 turned out to be unexpectedly simple - it was only necessary to treat the polymer film with bromine or iodine vapor. Thus, a polymer was created that has the electrical conductivity of metals. However, although the polyacetylene prepared in this way is comparable in electrical conductivity with many metals, unfortunately, it cannot be used in practice, because. upon contact with air, it quickly loses this ability. As a result of searches the best options new conjugated polymers appeared, for example, polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophene. The idea of ​​combining the easy formability and low specific gravity of polymers with the electrical conductivity of metals has been intensively developed. Since electrical conductivity can be changed over a wide range, from the level of semiconductor properties to electrically conductive metals, possible commercial aspects of use have become obvious: batteries, capacitors, antistatic agents, anticorrosive materials, etc. Right now, the most intensive development is associated with the transfer of polymers to a semiconductor state. This is due to a recent discovery - some conjugated polymers exhibit electroluminescent properties - they glow when an electric current is passed through them. Luminescent materials can have many applications. Their first practical use will soon be seen in mobile phone light displays and bulletin boards. It won't be long before TV screens made of luminescent plastics become a reality. The process that causes electroluminescence can be reversed - the absorption of light will create a charge and hence an electric current. This is the principle of solar panels. The advantages of plastics are great, and it is not difficult and inexpensive to make flexible surfaces from them. Solar plastic cells are needed in various fields of activity, and they are waiting for the widest application in the very near future. In 2000 McDiarmid, A. Heeger and H. Shirakawa received Nobel Prize"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers." He died in Drexel Hill (Pennsylvania, USA) on February 7, 2007.

1927
Dani Robin
French actress. She studied at the Conservatory, then attended the drama classes of A. Bruno. She worked as a dancer at the Grand Opera and in the troupe of R. Petit. In 1946 she made her debut on the dramatic stage. In the same year, she played a cameo role in the film directed by M. Karne "Gate of the Night". In 1947, she starred in a small role in the film "Silence is Gold" directed by R. Clair. She performed in melodramas and comedies, including starring in Juliette (1955) and Midnight Lovers (1955). Her name is associated mainly with entertainment films: The Frenchwoman and Love (1961), Secrets of Paris (1964), etc.

1928
Vadim Vladimirovich Kurchevsky
Russian director of animated films, artist and screenwriter, Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, innovator of world puppet animation. As a director, he made the films "Neither God nor Hell", "My Green Crocodile", "The Legend of Grieg", "Nemukhin's Musicians", "Peer Gynt", "Hare's Tail", "Don Quixote Freed" and many other award-winning films IFF. For many years he hosted the program "Exhibition Pinocchio" on television. Died in 1997.

1928
John Roberts
English historian.

1929
Chadli Bendjedid
Algerian statesman, political and military figure, colonel (1969). He took an active part in the national democratic revolution in Algeria. Since 1955 in the National Liberation Army (ANO); commander of the northern military sector, then the military zone of Constantine. Since 1961 in the General Staff of the ANO. After Algeria gained independence in 1962, he was appointed commander of the 5th military district (Constantine), in 1964 - the 2nd military district (Oran). In 1965 - January 1979. member of the Revolutionary Council of Algiers. In January 1979 he was elected general secretary of the National Liberation Front. February 7, 1979 elected President of Algeria. He is also Minister of National Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Chairman high council security.

1929
Vladimir Ivanovich Hot
conductor-choirmaster, teacher, Honored Art Worker of Russia. In 1962-1978. artistic director of the State Ural Russian Folk Choir. Author of vocal and instrumental music, songs "Dorozhenka", "Because of the Blue Mountains", "Nightingale on Viburnum", "White Tears of Bird Cherry", "Seeing the Falcon", cantata

1929
V.I.Pyatkov
Russian landscape painter (Moscow region), Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2006)

1929
William Edgar Thornton
American astronaut. He received a bachelor's degree in physics from the University of North Carolina in 1952. In 1953, he received his doctorate in medicine from there. Since 1960, a military doctor in the US Air Force. Spent over 2500 hours in the air providing medical research. He was selected to work for NASA in August 1967. He made his first flight on August 30, 1983 under the STS-8 program. He conducted a large number of experiments on the physiological characteristics of the physical state of a person in weightlessness. The duration of the flight was over 6 days. The second flight was made on April 29, 1985 under the STS-51B program, lasting about seven days.

1930
Bradford Dillman
American actor.

1930
Valery Petrovich Evtushenko
journalist, local historian, historian, grandson of N.P. Matveev-Amursky (Izhevsk, Udmurtia). Born in Vladivostok, in the family of the daughter of N.P. Matveev - Tatyana Nikolaevna Matveeva-Yevtushenko and Pyotr Kornelyevich Yevtushenko. In connection with the arrest of his father in 1937, he, along with his mother and younger brother, had to leave the city of Vladivostok. From childhood, Yevtushenko wrote poetry, mastered many professions, but journalism became the main business of life. He worked in various newspapers of the Orenburg region, Prikamye and on the radio of the city of Sarapul. For many years he was engaged in local history research. He is the author of books published by the publishing house "Udmurtia" in Izhevsk: the essay "The brave have only immortality" (1965), the book "Commissioner" (1976), the documentary and fiction story "Red Morning" (1982). In his new book "The Tree of Fruit" (2004) V.P. Yevtushenko shares his memories of the bright, creative and in many ways tragic life of representatives of the well-known in cultural life Far East the Matthew family.

1930
Vytautas Prano Zalakevicius
Lithuanian director, screenwriter. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1980), People's Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1981). Laureate of the State Prize of the Lithuanian SSR (1984). Born in Kaunas (Lithuania). In 1948-1950 he studied at Kaunas University, in 1956 he graduated from the directing department of VGIK (workshop of M. Chiaureli and G. Alexandrov). Žalakyavičius' cinematographic skills were widely recognized: one of the short stories of the film Living Heroes (1960), of which he was artistic director, received the State Prize of the Lithuanian SSR, the Big Amber prize at the festival of the Baltic Republics and Belarus, and the main prize of the International Film Festival in Karlovy Varah and the FIPRESCI prize. However, the real success came to the director after the film Nobody Wanted to Die (1965; Main Prize of the All-Union Film Festival in Kyiv, 1966; prize Lenin Komsomol, 1966; USSR State Prize, 1967). Filmed in a restrained, harsh manner, the film about the Lokis brothers avenging the death of their father, in fact, told not just the story of one Lithuanian family. At the beginning of the film, the camera made a noticeable movement forward, as if inviting the audience to enter a space where the tragedy of a people split by war is being played out, and in this cramped, narrow, oppressive space there is no other choice - either win or die. The finale of the film, when Saint Jonas, who was considered a local fool, suddenly turns out to be Domov himself, the commander of the "forest brothers", emphasizes not only the complexity of the characters. The battle in the streets of the village is fierce and there can be no compromise, for both sides are fighting for their land, and no one wants to die. The departure of the camera at the end helps to go beyond the story again, look at what is happening detachedly and understand who you are with. The tragic black-and-white gamut in which the film is fundamentally resolved, a wide screen that allows you to view the panorama of what is happening, a magnificent ensemble of actors (the first big roles of R. Adomaitis, Y. Budraitis, A. Masiulis and D. Banionis) made the film one of the best films of 1960 -s. Movies shot later This sweet word is freedom! (1973; Grand Prize of the IFF in Moscow, 1973; Prize at the IFF in Rotterdam, 1974) and Centaurs (1979; Grand Prize of the VKF in Ashgabat, 1979) brought new awards to the director. The outright farcical nature of the acting emphasized the incommensurability of what is happening on the screen and the recent (1973) events in Chile. An attempt to create a pamphlet about totalitarianism turned into a clear social order. Of the subsequent works of Zalakiavichyus, it should be noted the film The Story of an Unknown Man (1980), which recreated the atmosphere of A.P. Chekhov's prose, and the film adaptation of B. Pilnyak's prose The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon (1990), where he acted as a screenwriter. The creative fate of the director was affected by the difficult balancing act between the allied center (in 1974-1980 Zhalakyavichyus worked at the Mosfilm film studio, taught at the Higher Script Courses) and his homeland (in 1962-1975 and since 1980 he was the artistic director of the Lithuanian film studio and from the same year he was deputy chairman of the Goskino of the Lithuanian SSR) and the violent political events that followed. He died in Vilnius on November 12, 1996. Awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals. Compositions: Bears, translated from Lithuanian, "The Art of Cinema", 1965, No. 6.

1930
Vladimir Ivanovich Zubov
Russian scientist in the field of mechanics and control processes, head of the department of St. Petersburg State University, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1968). Died in 2000.

1930
Jay Robinson
American actor.

1930
Jiri Skobla
Czech athlete, European champion in 1954 in the shot put, bronze medalist of the 1956 Olympic Games.

1931
Anatoly Vasilievich Gilev
Chelyabinsk artist

1931
Dimiter Dobrev
Bulgarian classical style wrestler, 1960 Olympic middleweight champion.

1931
Anatoly Alekseevich Lamekhov
captain of the nuclear icebreaker "Leonid Brezhnev" of the Murmansk Shipping Company. Born in the city of Kolchugino, now in the Vladimir region. Russian. He spent his childhood in Donbass (Ukraine), where he graduated from high school. In 1955 he graduated from the North Sea Higher Naval School (Arkhangelsk). Served in the Navy. In 1956, due to the reduction of the Armed Forces, he was transferred to the reserve. He was a navigator on the ships of Sevryba (now - JSC "Sevryba", the city of Murmansk). Since 1957, on the icebreakers of the Murmansk Shipping Company "Kapitan Belousov", "Kapitan Voronin", "Murmansk": senior assistant captain, replacement captain, captain. Since 1972 he has been a senior assistant to the captain of the Arktika nuclear icebreaker under construction (captain Yu.S. Kuchiev). In 1977, he participated in the first trip to the North Pole in the history of surface navigation. In 1983-1984, the captain of the nuclear icebreaker "Leonid Brezhnev" (after 1986 - "Arktika"). In the extreme ice conditions of winter navigation in 1983, he led and provided escort for ships in the eastern sector of the Arctic; brought 22 vessels out of ice captivity in the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 2, 1984 for outstanding contribution to the successful completion of the extremely difficult Arctic navigation of 1983, the timely delivery of national economic cargo to the Arctic ports of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and Magadan region, showing courage and heroism, the captain of the nuclear icebreaker "Leonid Brezhnev" Lamekhov Anatoly Alekseevich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle". In 1984-2010, he was the captain of the nuclear icebreaker Rossiya of OJSC Murmansk Shipping Company. Rossiya has written new pages in the history of Arctic exploration: early high-latitude voyages to the east, intensive work on the Murmansk-Dudinka highway. In just two years of operation, 90,000 miles were covered in difficult ice conditions, about 400 ships were sailed independently and jointly with other icebreakers with national economic cargo for the Far North and with the products of the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine. In 1990, the icebreaker "Russia" under the command of Lamekhov for the first time in the history of navigation made a voyage with foreign tourists to the North Pole. In April-May 1993, at such an early date for Arctic navigation, he escorted the Kandalaksha transport vessel from Novaya Zemlya to the Bering Strait. A participant in many voyages in the most difficult conditions of the Arctic, he made a great contribution to the training of captains of nuclear icebreakers. Participated in state tests of several nuclear icebreakers. Since 2010, A.A. Lamekhov has been retired. He was the oldest acting captain in Russia. Lives in St. Petersburg. He was awarded the Soviet Orders of Lenin (March 2, 1984), the October Revolution, the Russian Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3rd degree (December 30, 1995), medals, badges "Honorary Polar Explorer", "Veteran" cold war" on the sea".

1932
Munir Khasanovich Agishev
Tatar architect, chief architect of Kazan in 1971-1990.

1932
Anthony Perkins
American film actor. Studied at Columbia University. He has worked in theater and television. In 1953 he made his film debut (the film "The Actress"). Roles in the films: "Love under the Elms" (1958), "On the Last Shore" (1959), "Psychosis" (1960), "Trial" (1962), "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974), "Old Age Crime" "(1984) and others.

1933
Alexey Z.Balbekov
test pilot

1933
Guido Cappello
Italian chess player, two-time champion of Italy (1960, 1963). He died in Milan in 1996.

1933
Yuri Tsolakovich Oganesyan
Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2003). Specialist in the field of physics of nuclear reactions, synthesis and study of the properties of new elements, the use of accelerated heavy ions for solving applied problems. Chairman of the Scientific Council for Applied Nuclear Physics

1933
Emilia Dmitrievna Stepanova
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Karelian State Pedagogical University, Honored School Teacher of the Karelian ASSR.

FIRE ON THE FASCIST TANKS!

FREQUENTLY you can meet on the streets of Rasskazov an elderly man with big intelligent and kind eyes. Many residents of the city know that this is Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin - a former shift foreman of a knitwear factory, an excellent specialist, awarded one of the highest awards of the USSR - the Order of the October Revolution. They know that he was at the front and fought well.
But very few people know that he was one of the best soldiers of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, and three orders of soldier's valor - the Order of Glory - serve as evidence of this.
Nikolai Ilyich was born in Rasskazovo in 1924. Big family she lived poorly, her father died when Nikolai was five. The mother, struggling to make ends meet, led a simple family household and raised seven children. Nikolai nursed the younger ones, planted potatoes, and helped his mother around the house. Soon I had to leave school and go to work at a sheepskin coat factory. He worked in a cleaning shop and dreamed of continuing his studies. But he did not have a chance to sit down at the school desk again. In 1942, at the age of eighteen, he became a soldier. He graduated from an artillery divisional school and ended up in an anti-tank artillery regiment.
The task of Nikolai, the gunner of the anti-aircraft gun, is to hit the German tanks without a miss. If you do this, you are a hero, if not, a fascist tank will crush you and all your comrades in gun crew.
Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin fought on the Western, Central and 1st Belorussian fronts, was wounded twice - in December 1942 and June 1943.
He was a gunner of the 5th battery of the 277th Guards anti-tank artillery regiment, guard foreman. Nikolai Chilikin fought excellently: he earned three Orders of Glory and a medal "For Courage".
On July 8, 1943, in the midst of the fighting on the Kursk Bulge, when many fascist tanks tried to ram a hole in our defenses with a ram attack, Chilikin with his crew stood to the death. With his 76 mm gun, he knocked out two German tanks, one "Tiger" and one "T-1U".
Then there were battles for the liberation of Belarus. In the battles for the city of Rogachev, the Nazis occupied advantageous positions and with dense fire did not allow our troops to move forward. In addition, swamps blocked the path to the city.
“For two weeks,” Nikolai Ilyich recalled, “we froze in the water, mixed with shells and bombs, earth and silt. And only at night we managed to get up for a short time, stretch ourselves and warm ourselves. But we carried out the combat order. We took the height where the Germans fortified and gave our rifle units the opportunity to move forward.
After Belarus there were battles for the liberation of Poland. In June 1944, near the town of Krasnitsa, Chilikin knocked out a German T-1U tank and a Ferdinand self-propelled gun.
On June 30, 1944, the commander of the 15th Guards Cavalry Division, where Nikolai served, awarded the brave gunner with the Order of Glory III degree.
During the assault on the Polish cities of Lodz and Kutno, Nikolai Chilikin suppressed several enemy firing points from direct fire with the fire of his gun and thereby ensured the successful operation of rifle units.
On March 4, 1945, by order of the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front, Nikolai Chilikin was awarded the Order of Glory, II degree.
Spring 1945, crossed the Oder, ahead of the land of Nazi Germany and its capital Berlin.
The Germans defended the city with the bitterness of the doomed, Berlin was in flames and smoke.
Do not forget Chilikin, how anti-tank gun crews fired at tanks, self-propelled guns, pillboxes, bunkers, houses where the Nazis lay down and from where they fired at our tanks and infantry.
On May 3, 1945, the commander of the 277th Guards Fighter-Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment of the Red Banner of the Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov, in the presentation of the gunner Senior Sergeant Chilikin, wrote for the award:
“In the battles - from April 26 to April 30, 1945 in Berlin, with his gun, having destroyed the enemy’s firepower, he ensured the successful operation of his unit: destroyed: machine guns - 2, mortars - 2, small-caliber anti-aircraft guns - 2, enemy manpower - up to 35 soldier.
For courage, courage and valor, he is worthy of a government award - the Order of Glory, 1st degree. On May 15, 1946, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Nikolai Ilyich was awarded this award.
Nikolai Chilikin returned home - and again to work, he worked at a spinning knitting factory, as a diesel engine driver, and an electrician. All the equipment assigned to him was always in perfect order.
The great work of Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of the October Revolution. All workmates spoke of Nikolai Ilyich as an extremely conscientious worker, a modest and respected person in the team. Colleagues elected Nikolai Ilyich chairman of the comrades' court. They knew that he would sort out all the most complicated cases honestly and with great tact, would not humiliate the dignity of a person, protect the innocent and punish the guilty.
The children of Nikolai Ilyich grew up. They are hardworking and have found their way in life. For many years every morning they go to the knitting factory. Lyuba works as a knitter and Yuri, like his father, is an electrician.
The eldest daughter Valentina began to work in the department of "Agricultural machinery".

Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment of the 4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of the 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front, Senior Sergeant of the Guard. Born in the city of Rasskazovo, Tambov Region, in a working-class family. Russian. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked at a local sheepskin coat factory. In the Red Army since April 1942. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since November 1942. The gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69th Army, 1st Belorussian Front) Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin on July 18, 1944 in the battle for the settlement of Pshevaly, located 12 kilometers northwest of the city of Tuzhisk, now Turiysk, Volyn region of Ukraine, despite strong opposition from the enemy, together with the calculation of direct fire, suppressed the fire of four bunkers, two machine guns, a 75-mm cannon, knocked out a tractor. For courage and bravery shown in battle, on July 30, 1944, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd degree (No. 90228). On January 14, 1945, when breaking through the enemy defenses near the village of Piskaruw, located 10 kilometers southwest of the Polish city of Pulawy, the gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69 1st Army, 1st Belorussian Front) of the Guard, Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin, with well-aimed fire from a gun, destroyed three mortars, two machine-gun points, two anti-tank guns and up to a dozen Nazis, ensuring the successful advance of rifle units. For courage and bravery shown in battles, on March 4, 1945, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 2nd degree (No. 14800). In the period from April 26 to April 30, 1945, in the battles for the capital of Nazi Germany, the city of Berlin, the gunner of the 277th Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (4th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade, 69th Army, 1st Belorussian Front) Guard Senior Sergeant Nikolai Chilikin supported the attacks of a rifle company with fire from his gun, disabled two machine guns, two mortars, an anti-aircraft gun and a large number of enemy soldiers. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 15, 1946, for exemplary performance of command assignments in battles with the Nazi invaders, Senior Sergeant Chilikin Nikolai Ilyich was awarded the Order of Glory 1st degree (No. 1238), becoming a full holder of the Order of Glory. In 1945, N.I. Chilikin was demobilized. He returned to his homeland. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1951. He worked at a knitting factory as an electrician. He died on December 26, 1988. He was buried in the town of Rasskazovo, Tambov Region. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of Glory 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree, medals.

, THE USSR

Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin(April 14, 1924, Rasskazovo, Tambov province - December 26, 1988, Rasskazovo, Tambov region) - gunner of the 277th Guards anti-tank artillery regiment of the 4th separate guards anti-tank artillery brigade of the 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front , Guard Senior Sgt.

Biography

Born on April 14, 1924 in the town of Rasskazovo (now the Tambov region). Graduated from 5 classes. He worked at a local sheepskin coat factory.

He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of Glory 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree, medals.

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Literature

• Cavaliers of the Order of Glory of three degrees: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. College D.S. Sukhorukov. - M .: Military Publishing House, 2000. - 703 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01883-9.
• Knights of the Order of Glory. - Voronezh, 1969.

Links

. Site "Heroes of the Country". Retrieved 5 July 2014.

An excerpt characterizing Chilikin, Nikolai Ilyich

- Are you a Cossack?
- Cossack, your honor.
"Le cosaque ignorant la compagnie dans laquelle il se trouvait, car la simplicite de Napoleon n" avait rien qui put reveler a une imagination orientale la presence d "un souverain, s" entretint avec la plus extreme familiarite des affaires de la guerre actuelle " , [The Cossack, not knowing the society in which he was, because the simplicity of Napoleon had nothing that could open the presence of the sovereign to the Eastern imagination, spoke with extreme familiarity about the circumstances of this war.] - says Thiers, telling this episode Indeed, Lavrushka, who got drunk and left the master without lunch, was flogged the day before and sent to the village for chickens, where he became addicted to looting and was taken prisoner by the French. it is a duty to do everything with meanness and cunning, who are ready to do any service to their master and who cunningly guess the master's bad thoughts, especially vanity and pettiness.
Once in the company of Napoleon, whose personality he recognized very well and easily. Lavrushka was not in the least embarrassed and only tried with all his heart to deserve the new masters.
He knew very well that it was Napoleon himself, and the presence of Napoleon could not embarrass him more than the presence of Rostov or the sergeant with rods, because he had nothing that neither the sergeant nor Napoleon could deprive him of.
He lied everything that was interpreted between the batmen. Much of this was true. But when Napoleon asked him what the Russians think, whether they will defeat Bonaparte or not, Lavrushka narrowed his eyes and thought.
He saw subtle cunning here, as people like Lavrushka always see cunning in everything, he frowned and was silent.
“It means: if you are in battle,” he said thoughtfully, “and in speed, that’s right.” Well, if three days pass after that same date, then, then, this very battle will go into delay.
Napoleon was translated as follows: “Si la bataille est donnee avant trois jours, les Francais la gagneraient, mais que si elle serait donnee plus tard, Dieu seul sait ce qui en arrivrait”, [“If the battle takes place before three days, then the French will win him, but if after three days, then God knows what will happen. ”] Lelorgne d "Ideville conveyed smiling. Napoleon did not smile, although he apparently was in the most cheerful mood, and ordered to repeat these words to himself.
Lavrushka noticed this and, to cheer him up, he said, pretending not to know who he was.
“We know that you have Bonaparte, he beat everyone in the world, well, another article about us ...” he said, not knowing himself how and why boastful patriotism slipped through his words in the end. The interpreter relayed these words to Napoleon without ending, and Bonaparte smiled. “Le jeune Cosaque fit sourire son puissant interlocuteur,” [The young Cossack made his powerful interlocutor smile.] says Thiers. After walking a few steps in silence, Napoleon turned to Berthier and said that he wanted to experience the effect that sur cet enfant du Don [on this child of the Don] would have the news that the person to whom this enfant du Don was speaking was the Emperor himself. , the same emperor who wrote the immortally victorious name on the pyramids.
The message has been passed on.
Lavrushka (realizing that this was done to puzzle him, and that Napoleon thought he would be frightened), in order to please the new masters, immediately pretended to be astonished, stunned, bulged his eyes and made the same face that he was accustomed to when they led him flog. “A peine l" interprete de Napoleon, says Thiers, - avait il parle, que le Cosaque, saisi d "une sorte d" ebahissement, no profera plus une parole et marcha les yeux constamment attaches sur ce conquerant, dont le nom avait penetre jusqu "a lui, a travers les steppes de l" Orient. Toute sa loquacite s "etait subitement arretee, pour faire place a un sentiment d" admiration naive et silencieuse. Napoleon, apres l "avoir recompense, lui fit donner la liberte , comme a un oiseau qu"on rend aux champs qui l"ont vu naitre". [As soon as Napoleon's interpreter said this to the Cossack, the Cossack, seized by some kind of stupefaction, did not utter a single word more and continued to ride, not taking his eyes off the conqueror, whose name had reached him through the eastern steppes. All his talkativeness suddenly stopped and was replaced by a naive and silent feeling of delight. Napoleon, having rewarded the Cossack, ordered to give him freedom, like a bird that is returned to its native fields.]

Article based on materials from Wikipedia
There are other meanings: Chilikin

((Military leader | name = Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin | date of birth = 04/14/1924 | place of birth =, Tambov province, RSFSR, USSR | date of death = 12/26/1988 | place of death =, Tambov region, RSFSR, USSR | image = Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin.jpg | width = | image description = | affiliation = | years of service = 1942-1945 | rank = | type of troops = | commanded = | unit = 277th Guards anti-tank artillery regiment | battles = Great Patriotic War | awards = (| style="background:transparent" ||||||| |) |links = |retired = |wikimedia Commons = |autograph = )) Nikolai Ilyich Chilikin(April 14, 1924, Rasskazovo, Tambov province - December 26, 1988, Rasskazovo, Tambov region) - gunner of the 277th Guards anti-tank artillery regiment of the 4th separate guards anti-tank artillery brigade of the 69th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front , Guard Senior Sgt.

Biography

Born on April 14, 1924 in the town of Rasskazovo (now the Tambov region). Graduated from 5 classes. He worked at a local sheepskin coat factory.

He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of Glory 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree, medals.